Ferdos Abid Ali, Alexander J. Zwetsloot, Caroline E. Stone, Tomos E. Morgan, Richard F. Wademan, Andrew P. Carter, Anne Straube
{"title":"KIF1C activates and extends dynein movement through the FHF cargo adapter","authors":"Ferdos Abid Ali, Alexander J. Zwetsloot, Caroline E. Stone, Tomos E. Morgan, Richard F. Wademan, Andrew P. Carter, Anne Straube","doi":"10.1038/s41594-024-01418-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41594-024-01418-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cellular cargos move bidirectionally on microtubules by recruiting opposite polarity motors dynein and kinesin. These motors show codependence, where one requires the activity of the other, although the mechanism is unknown. Here we show that kinesin-3 KIF1C acts as both an activator and a processivity factor for dynein, using in vitro reconstitutions of human proteins. Activation requires only a fragment of the KIF1C nonmotor stalk binding the cargo adapter HOOK3. The interaction site is separate from the constitutive factors FTS and FHIP, which link HOOK3 to small G-proteins on cargos. We provide a structural model for the autoinhibited FTS–HOOK3–FHIP1B (an FHF complex) and explain how KIF1C relieves it. Collectively, we explain codependency by revealing how mutual activation of dynein and kinesin occurs through their shared adapter. Many adapters bind both dynein and kinesins, suggesting this mechanism could be generalized to other bidirectional complexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18822,"journal":{"name":"Nature structural & molecular biology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arjun Bhatta, Bernhard Kuhle, Ryan D. Yu, Lucas Spanaus, Katja Ditter, Katherine E. Bohnsack, Hauke S. Hillen
{"title":"Molecular basis of human nuclear and mitochondrial tRNA 3′ processing","authors":"Arjun Bhatta, Bernhard Kuhle, Ryan D. Yu, Lucas Spanaus, Katja Ditter, Katherine E. Bohnsack, Hauke S. Hillen","doi":"10.1038/s41594-024-01445-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41594-024-01445-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Eukaryotic transfer RNA (tRNA) precursors undergo sequential processing steps to become mature tRNAs. In humans, ELAC2 carries out 3′ end processing of both nucleus-encoded (nu-tRNAs) and mitochondria-encoded (mt-tRNAs) tRNAs. ELAC2 is self-sufficient for processing of nu-tRNAs but requires TRMT10C and SDR5C1 to process most mt-tRNAs. Here we show that TRMT10C and SDR5C1 specifically facilitate processing of structurally degenerate mt-tRNAs lacking the canonical elbow. Structures of ELAC2 in complex with TRMT10C, SDR5C1 and two divergent mt-tRNA substrates reveal two distinct mechanisms of pre-tRNA recognition. While canonical nu-tRNAs and mt-tRNAs are recognized by direct ELAC2–RNA interactions, processing of noncanonical mt-tRNAs depends on protein–protein interactions between ELAC2 and TRMT10C. These results provide the molecular basis for tRNA 3′ processing in both the nucleus and the mitochondria and explain the organelle-specific requirement for additional factors. Moreover, they suggest that TRMT10C–SDR5C1 evolved as a mitochondrial tRNA maturation platform to compensate for the structural erosion of mt-tRNAs in bilaterian animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":18822,"journal":{"name":"Nature structural & molecular biology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuefei Guo, Haotian Li, Xiaoli Lu, Hao Liu, Kaicheng U, Chuangye Yan, Jianlin Lei, Jing Huang, Rui Zhou, Yigong Shi
{"title":"Structural basis of human γ-secretase inhibition by anticancer clinical compounds","authors":"Xuefei Guo, Haotian Li, Xiaoli Lu, Hao Liu, Kaicheng U, Chuangye Yan, Jianlin Lei, Jing Huang, Rui Zhou, Yigong Shi","doi":"10.1038/s41594-024-01439-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41594-024-01439-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aberrant activation of Notch signaling, mediated by the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), is linked to certain types of cancer. The NICD is released through γ-secretase-mediated cleavage of the Notch receptor. Therefore, development of a γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) represents an anticancer strategy. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of human γ-secretase bound individually to five clinically tested GSIs (RO4929097, crenigacestat, BMS906024, nirogacestat and MK-0752) at overall resolutions of 2.4–3.0 Å. Three of the five GSIs are in active anticancer clinical trials, while nirogacestat was recently approved. Each of these GSIs similarly occupies the substrate-binding site of presenilin 1 but shows characteristic differences in detailed recognition pattern. The size and shape of the binding pocket are induced by the bound GSI. Analysis of these structural features suggest strategies for modification of the GSI with improved inhibition potency.</p>","PeriodicalId":18822,"journal":{"name":"Nature structural & molecular biology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luke H Chao, Patricia Pellicena, Sebastian Deindl, Lauren A Barclay, Howard Schulman, John Kuriyan
{"title":"Intersubunit capture of regulatory segments is a component of cooperative CaMKII activation.","authors":"Luke H Chao, Patricia Pellicena, Sebastian Deindl, Lauren A Barclay, Howard Schulman, John Kuriyan","doi":"10.1038/nsmb.1751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.1751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dodecameric holoenzyme of calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) responds to high-frequency Ca(2+) pulses to become Ca(2+) independent. A simple coincidence-detector model for Ca(2+)-frequency dependency assumes noncooperative activation of kinase domains. We show that activation of CaMKII by Ca(2+)-calmodulin is cooperative, with a Hill coefficient of approximately 3.0, implying sequential kinase-domain activation beyond dimeric units. We present data for a model in which cooperative activation includes the intersubunit 'capture' of regulatory segments. Such a capture interaction is seen in a crystal structure that shows extensive contacts between the regulatory segment of one kinase and the catalytic domain of another. These interactions are mimicked by a natural inhibitor of CaMKII. Our results show that a simple coincidence-detection model cannot be operative and point to the importance of kinetic dissection of the frequency-response mechanism in future experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18822,"journal":{"name":"Nature structural & molecular biology","volume":"17 3","pages":"264-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1038/nsmb.1751","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9338579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hector Viadiu, Olaf Stemmann, Marc W Kirschner, Thomas Walz
{"title":"Domain structure of separase and its binding to securin as determined by EM.","authors":"Hector Viadiu, Olaf Stemmann, Marc W Kirschner, Thomas Walz","doi":"10.1038/nsmb935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After the degradation of its inhibitor securin, separase initiates chromosome segregation during the metaphase-to-anaphase transition by cleaving cohesin. Here we present a density map at a resolution of 25 A of negatively stained separase-securin complex. Based on labeling data and sequence analysis, we propose a model for the structure of separase, consisting of 26 ARM repeats, an unstructured region of 280 residues and two caspase-like domains, with securin binding to the ARM repeats.</p>","PeriodicalId":18822,"journal":{"name":"Nature structural & molecular biology","volume":"12 6","pages":"552-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1038/nsmb935","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25271368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}