Metabolites最新文献

{"title":"Targeted Metabolomic Serum Analysis of Patients with High and Low Risk of Endometrial Cancer Recurrence and Positive and Negative Lymph Node Status.","authors":"Dagmara Pietkiewicz, Mikołaj Piotr Zaborowski, Szymon Plewa, Michał Potograbski, Cezary Miedziarek, Tomasz Kluz, Ewa Nowak-Markwitz, Jan Matysiak","doi":"10.3390/metabo15070422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15070422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endometrial cancer is among the most prevalent gynecological malignancies, with increasing mortality primarily due to initially advanced disease with lymph node metastasis or tumor recurrence. Current risk stratification models show limited accuracy, highlighting the need for more accurate biomarkers. This study aimed to identify metabolic compounds that can serve as predictors of recurrence risk and lymph node status in endometrial cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Targeted metabolomic profiling of preoperative serum samples from 123 patients with endometrial cancer, stratified into high- or low-risk and lymph node-positive or -negative groups, was conducted using the AbsoluteIDQ p180 Kit and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis revealed significant differences in metabolites related to lipid and amino acid metabolism between groups. High-risk and lymph node-positive patients presented significantly lower concentrations of phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines, medium-chain acylcarnitines, and specific amino acids such as alanine, histidine, and tryptophan compared to low-risk and lymph node-negative patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses highlighted the diagnostic potential of these metabolites, particularly alanine and taurine, in distinguishing patient groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings indicate complex metabolic reprogramming associated with aggressive endometrial cancer phenotypes, involving enhanced lipid utilization and amino acid metabolism alterations, potentially supporting tumor proliferation and metastatic progression. Thus, targeted metabolomic serum profiling might be a powerful tool for improving risk assessment, enabling more personalized therapeutic approaches and management strategies in endometrial cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Quantification of Main Saponins in <i>Panax vietnamensis</i> by HPLC-PDA/ELSD Using the Quantitative Analysis of Multi-Components by Single-Marker Method.","authors":"Thi-My-Duyen Ngo, Thi Kim Ngan Tran, Thi Minh Thu Le, Mong Kha Tran, Huu Son Nguyen, Huy Truong Nguyen, Kim Long Vu-Huynh","doi":"10.3390/metabo15070419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15070419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: The Quantitative Analysis of Multi-components by Single-marker (QAMS) method has been developed as an alternative to the External Standards Method (ESM) for the quality control of medicinal herbs. <b>Objectives</b>: In this study, QAMS was developed to determine saponins in the raw materials of <i>Panax vietnamensis</i> using HPLC-PDA/ELSD. <b>Methods</b>: The method was developed and validated. The relative conversion factors F_x were calculated based on the linear regression for HPLC-PDA and the logarithm equation for HPLC-ELSD. The Standard Method Difference (SMD) was determined to indicate the difference in the results of QAMS and EMS. <b>Results</b>: Relative conversion factors (F_x) were determined for each detector to quantify five saponins (ginsenoside Rb₁, Rd, Rg₁, majnoside R2, and vina-ginsenoside R2) in VG root. The F_x values were calculated based on the ratio of the slopes of the regression equations of a single standard and an external standard. For HPLC-PDA, G-Rb1 was used as a single standard with the F_x values of 1.00 (G-Rb₁), 1.08 (G-Rd), 1.32 (G-Rg₁), and 0.04 (M-R2). For HPLC-ELSD, G-Rb₁ was used for determining the content of G-Rg₁ and G-Rb₁ with the F_x values of 1.00 (G-Rb₁) and 0.95 (G-Rg₁), while M-R2 was used for quantitating M-R2 and V-R2 with F_x of 1.00 (M-R2) and 1.05 (V-R2). An SMD value less than 5.00% confirms the close alignment of the QAMS method with ESM. <b>Conclusions</b>: The QAMS method proved to be a feasible and promising method for the quality control of <i>P. vietnamensis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Metabolomics and Machine Learning to Analyze Chemical Markers and Ecological Regulatory Mechanisms of Geographical Differentiation in <i>Thesium chinense</i> Turcz.","authors":"Cong Wang, Ke Che, Guanglei Zhang, Hao Yu, Junsong Wang","doi":"10.3390/metabo15070423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15070423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between medicinal efficacy and the geographical environment in <i>Thesium chinense</i> Turcz. (<i>T. chinense</i> Turcz.), a traditional Chinese herb, remains systematically unexplored. This study integrates metabolomics, machine learning, and ecological factor analysis to elucidate the geographical variation patterns and regulatory mechanisms of secondary metabolites in <i>T. chinense</i> Turcz. from Anhui, Henan, and Shanxi Provinces.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Metabolomic profiling was conducted on <i>T. chinense</i> Turcz. samples collected from three geographical origins across Anhui, Henan, and Shanxi Provinces. Machine learning algorithms (Random Forest, LASSO regression) identified region-specific biomarkers through intersection analysis. Metabolic pathway enrichment employed MetaboAnalyst 5.0 with target prediction. Antioxidant activity (DPPH/hydroxyl radical scavenging) was quantified spectrophotometrically. Environmental correlation analysis incorporated 19 WorldClim variables using redundancy analysis, Mantel tests, and Pearson correlations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 43 geographical marker compounds (primarily flavonoids and alkaloids). Random forest and LASSO regression algorithms determined core markers for each production area: Anhui (4 markers), Henan (6 markers), and Shanxi (3 markers). Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis revealed these markers exert pharmacological effects through neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Redundancy analysis demonstrated Anhui samples exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity (DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging rates) than other regions, strongly correlating with stable low-temperature environments (annual mean temperature) and precipitation patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study established the first geo-specific molecular marker system for <i>T. chinense</i> Turcz., demonstrating that the geographical environment critically influences metabolic profiles and bioactivity. Findings provide a scientific basis for quality control standards of geo-authentic herbs and offer insights into plant-environment interactions for sustainable cultivation practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gadolinium in the Environment: A Double-Edged Sword for Plant Growth and Ecosystem Stability.","authors":"Marlena Tomczuk, Beata Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz, Andrzej Bajguz","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060415","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gadolinium, a rare earth element, is increasingly released into the environment due to its widespread applications in medical imaging, industry, and agriculture. This review explores the dual role of gadolinium in plant systems, highlighting its potential benefits at subtoxic concentrations and detrimental effects at higher levels. At subtoxic doses, gadolinium can enhance plant growth, metabolism, and stress tolerance by promoting enzymatic activity and nutrient absorption. However, elevated concentrations induce oxidative stress, disrupt nutrient uptake, and impair photosynthesis, leading to cellular damage and reduced growth. The bioaccumulation of gadolinium in plant tissues raises concerns about its trophic transfer within food chains and its broader ecological impact. Current evidence suggests that previously regarded as stable and inert gadolinium complexes can degrade under environmental conditions, increasing their bioavailability and toxicity. Despite its potential for agricultural applications, including improving crop resilience, the ecological risks associated with gadolinium remain poorly understood. Addressing these risks requires coordinated efforts to optimize gadolinium usage, develop advanced waste management strategies, and enhance monitoring of its environmental presence. This review emphasizes the need for in-depth research on gadolinium interactions with plants and ecosystems to balance its industrial benefits with environmental sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodontitis Frequently Exists in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma and Causes Supplementary Impairment of Insulin Resistance.","authors":"Mario Zivkovic, Marko Boban, Domagoj Vrazic, Ivan Vulic, Ivan Budimir, Nina Blazevic, Aleksandar Vcev, Marko Nikolic","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060414","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> There are known associations between periodontitis and colorectal cancer, but knowledge on the connections existing between the two are not fully understood. The aim of our study was to assess prevalence and clinical severity of periodontitis in patients with localized colorectal cancer. Secondly, the dynamics of metabolic derangements, particularly glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus were studied as well. <b>Methods:</b> Diagnostic procedures included endoscopies with patohistology, laboratory exams, the insulin resistance homeostatic model assessment method (HOMA index), anthropometrics, and radiology imaging. Periodontal status was evaluated by full-mouth periodontal examination. <b>Results:</b> A total of 79 patients with localized colorectal carcinoma, with slight male predominance of 55.7%, and an age of 65.7 ± 12.4 years participated in this study. Three-quarters of patients (73.4%; 95% CI: 63.0-82.2%) were diagnosed with periodontitis. Patients with periodontitis and colorectal cancer had significantly increased glucose levels (fasting and after oral glucose challenge), (both <i>p</i> < 0.05). Also, increased values of the HOMA index were found in patients with periodontitis vs. controls (without periodontitis) and colorectal cancer; 6.38 ± 5.74 vs. 3.58 ± 2.6 (<i>p</i> = 0.012); Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient = 0.271 (<i>p</i> = 0.039). There were significant differences in high-density cholesterol in patients with periodontitis vs. controls, 1.41 ± 0.28 vs. 1.23 ± 0.35 mmol/L (<i>p</i> = 0.016), but correlations were insignificant; Rho c.c. = 0.045 (<i>p</i> = 0.738). <b>Conclusions:</b> The most consorted connections between periodontitis and colorectal cancer were found among parameters of metabolic domain, especially glucose concentrations and insulin resistance. Further studies, which would include novel and emerging antidiabetic treatments and their effects on the prevention or control of both diseases, would be warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Metabolites: A Sustainable Approach to Combat Plant Pests.","authors":"Somasundaram Prabhu, Rajendran Poorniammal, Laurent Dufossé","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060418","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the sustainable increase in agricultural productivity, the need for safer, environmentally friendly pesticide alternatives is also growing. Metabolites of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) are emerging as potential bioactive compounds for integrated pest and disease management. These compounds comprise amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, organic acids, phenolics, peptides, alkaloids, polyketides, and volatile organic compounds. The majority of them have insecticidal, fungicidal, and nematicidal activities. In this review, the classifications, biosynthetic pathways, and ecological functions of primary and secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms are discussed, including their mechanisms of action, ranging from competition to systemic acquired resistance in host plants. The article highlights the importance of microbial genera (viz., <i>Bacillus</i> sp., <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp., <i>Trichoderma</i> sp., <i>Streptomyces</i> sp., etc.) in making chemicals and biopesticides for crop defense. We present the possible applications of microbial biosynthesis strategies and synthetic biology tools in bioprocess development, covering recent innovations in formulation, delivery, and pathway engineering to enhance metabolite production. This review emphasizes the significance of microbial metabolites in improving the plant immunity, yield performance, reduction in pesticide application, and the sustainability of an ecological, sustainable, and resilient agricultural system.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geopropolis from <i>Melipona fasciculata</i> Smith Accelerates Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice.","authors":"Aramys Silva Reis, Gabriel Carvalho de Souza, Guilherme Martins Gomes Fontoura, Luecya Alves de Carvalho Silva, Alberto Jorge Oliveira Lopes, Richard Pereira Dutra, Lucilene Amorim Silva, Rosane Nassar Meireles Guerra, Maria Nilce Sousa Ribeiro, Flávia Raquel Fernandes Nascimento","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060413","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic foot ulcers present a significant clinical challenge because of their high prevalence and severe complications. The need for innovative and accessible treatment options is critical. Owing to their medicinal properties, natural products, such as geopropolis, hold promise. However, the wound healing potential of the geopropolis of <i>Melipona fasciculata</i>, particularly in accelerating the healing of diabetic ulcers, remains unexplored. In this study, we evaluated the ability of the geopropolis of <i>M. fasciculata</i> to promote wound healing in diabetic mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Geopropolis was collected, prepared as a hydroalcoholic extract, and formulated into a topical cream. Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with induced chronic wounds were treated with this cream daily, and wound healing was assessed through macroscopic measurements, histological analysis, cytokine quantification, and in silico molecular docking studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated that, compared with the control treatment, the geopropolis cream accelerated wound closure at all the analyzed time points (days 3, 7, and 14), reduced inflammatory infiltrates, and enhanced fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition. These alterations were particularly pronounced in the final phase of healing, indicating an improvement in wound repair processes. These effects occurred without altering systemic cytokine levels, suggesting a localized treatment action. These results may be partially associated with the theoretical ability of beta-amyrin and cycloartenol to interact with human myeloperoxidase (MPO), as suggested by in silico docking analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the findings indicate that geopropolis cream could represent a viable alternative for managing diabetic ulcers, providing an effective means to enhance wound healing while remaining accessible to low-income populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insomnia, Cognitive Impairment, or a Combination of Both, Alter Lipid Metabolism Due to Changes in Acylcarnitine Concentration in Older Persons.","authors":"Selma Karime Castillo-Vazquez, Berenice Palacios-González, Marcela Vela-Amieva, Isabel Ibarra-González, Ricardo Morales, Paola García-delaTorre, Sergio Sánchez-García, Carmen García-Peña, Ricardo Reyes-Chilpa, Raúl Hernán Medina-Campos, Jessica Hernández-Pineda, Juan Carlos Gomez-Verjan, Nadia Alejandra Rivero-Segura","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060417","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Insomnia has been widely associated with cognitive impairment (CI). However, the relationship between the two entities (insomnia and CI) is poorly understood. In this context, adults with insomnia show metabolic changes, including alterations in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, glycerophospholipids, and glutathione and glutamate biosynthesis. Nevertheless, aging itself induces metabolic changes that may be amplified by chronic diseases that compromise the health of the elderly. Therefore, in the present study we aim to characterise metabolomic profiles of insomnia and CI alone in order to address a significant gap in current research regarding the pathways through which insomnia may lead to CI in older persons.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study we perform a targeted metabolomics analysis (UPLC-MS) on 80 serum samples from the Cohort of Obesity, Sarcopenia, and Frailty of Older Mexican Adults (COSFOMA); these samples were classified into four groups (control, insomnia, CI, and insomnia + CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results show that insomnia increases the concentration of acylcarnitines (C10, C8, C14, C12:1, C18:1 and C18) as compared to CI group, while older persons with CI show a decrease the concentration of the acylcarnitines C16, C10 and C8. Finally, individuals with both conditions (insomnia + CI) show that only the concentration of the acylcarnitine C16 decreases compared to controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Taken together, our results shed light on the relevance of insomnia on lipid metabolism in older persons.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic Profiling Reveals PGPR-Driven Drought Tolerance in Contrasting <i>Brassica juncea</i> Genotypes.","authors":"Asha Rani Sheoran, Nita Lakra, Baljeet Singh Saharan, Annu Luhach, Yogesh K Ahlawat, Rosa Porcel, Jose M Mulet, Prabhakar Singh","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060416","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drought stress is a major abiotic factor limiting <i>Brassica juncea</i> productivity, resulting in significant yield reductions. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) have shown potential in enhancing drought tolerance; however, the metabolomic changes associated with their effects remain largely unexplored. This study examines the metabolic changes induced by a PGPR consortium (<i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i>, <i>Pantoea dispersa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> sp.) in two contrasting genotypes <i>B. juncea</i> (L.) Czern. 'RH 725' (drought tolerant) and <i>B. juncea</i> (L.) Czern. 'RH-749' (drought sensitive for drought tolerance, under both control and drought conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Metabolite profiling was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify compounds that accumulated differentially across treatments. We applied multivariate statistical methods, such as Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), hierarchical clustering, and pathway enrichment analysis, to explore metabolic reprogramming.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Drought stress induced significant changes in metabolite profile, particularly increasing the levels of osmoprotectants such as trehalose, glucose, sucrose, proline, and valine. Additionally, alterations in organic acids (malic acid and citric acid) and fatty acids (oleic acid and linoleic acid) were observed. PGPR inoculation further amplified these metabolic responses to enhance the osmotic regulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, and carbon-nitrogen metabolism, with RH-725 displaying a stronger adaptive response. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that PGPR treatment significantly influenced metabolic pathways related to starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis, which play critical roles in drought adaptation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide insights into how PGPR contributes to stress resilience in <i>B. juncea</i> by modulating key biochemical pathways. This study provides new molecular insights into the known effect of PGPR for mitigating drought stress in oilseed crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SGLT-2 Inhibitors and Metabolic Outcomes: A Primary Data Study Exploring the Microbiota-Diabetes Connection.","authors":"Nicoleta Mihaela Mindrescu, Cristian Guja, Viorel Jinga, Sorina Ispas, Antoanela Curici, Rucsandra Elena Danciulescu Miulescu, Andreea Nelson Twakor, Anca Mihaela Pantea Stoian","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060411","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gut microbiota plays a critical role in metabolic health and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Alterations in microbial composition may influence glycemic control and systemic inflammation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this single-center, randomized study, 60 adults with T2DM receiving metformin were evaluated biologically and received either empagliflozin or sitagliptin. Demographic, metabolic, and lifestyle data were collected. Gut microbiota profiling was conducted at two timepoints to assess changes in bacterial and fungal taxa. Blood glucose, HbA1c, and inflammation markers were analyzed longitudinally.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both treatment groups showed significant improvements in glycemic control. Median fasting glucose decreased from 132 to 123 mg/dL (<i>p</i> = 0.046) in the sitagliptin group and from 131 to 114 mg/dL (<i>p</i> = 0.025) in the empagliflozin group. Median HbA1c levels declined significantly in both groups, with a greater reduction in the empagliflozin group (<i>p</i> = 0.001 vs. <i>p</i> = 0.049). The microbiota analysis revealed an increase in beneficial bacteria (e.g., <i>Bifidobacterium</i> spp. and <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp.) and a decrease in pro-inflammatory taxa <i>(Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i> spp.). Notably, empagliflozin was associated with a more pronounced microbiota rebalancing and a significant decline in fungal overgrowth (e.g., <i>Candida</i> spp.; <i>p</i> = 0.034).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Treatment with sitagliptin and empagliflozin led to improved glycemic outcomes and partial restoration of gut microbial balance in T2DM patients. Empagliflozin showed superior efficacy in modulating both glycemia and dysbiosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}