Metabolites最新文献

{"title":"Gadolinium in the Environment: A Double-Edged Sword for Plant Growth and Ecosystem Stability.","authors":"Marlena Tomczuk, Beata Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz, Andrzej Bajguz","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060415","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gadolinium, a rare earth element, is increasingly released into the environment due to its widespread applications in medical imaging, industry, and agriculture. This review explores the dual role of gadolinium in plant systems, highlighting its potential benefits at subtoxic concentrations and detrimental effects at higher levels. At subtoxic doses, gadolinium can enhance plant growth, metabolism, and stress tolerance by promoting enzymatic activity and nutrient absorption. However, elevated concentrations induce oxidative stress, disrupt nutrient uptake, and impair photosynthesis, leading to cellular damage and reduced growth. The bioaccumulation of gadolinium in plant tissues raises concerns about its trophic transfer within food chains and its broader ecological impact. Current evidence suggests that previously regarded as stable and inert gadolinium complexes can degrade under environmental conditions, increasing their bioavailability and toxicity. Despite its potential for agricultural applications, including improving crop resilience, the ecological risks associated with gadolinium remain poorly understood. Addressing these risks requires coordinated efforts to optimize gadolinium usage, develop advanced waste management strategies, and enhance monitoring of its environmental presence. This review emphasizes the need for in-depth research on gadolinium interactions with plants and ecosystems to balance its industrial benefits with environmental sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodontitis Frequently Exists in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma and Causes Supplementary Impairment of Insulin Resistance.","authors":"Mario Zivkovic, Marko Boban, Domagoj Vrazic, Ivan Vulic, Ivan Budimir, Nina Blazevic, Aleksandar Vcev, Marko Nikolic","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060414","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> There are known associations between periodontitis and colorectal cancer, but knowledge on the connections existing between the two are not fully understood. The aim of our study was to assess prevalence and clinical severity of periodontitis in patients with localized colorectal cancer. Secondly, the dynamics of metabolic derangements, particularly glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus were studied as well. <b>Methods:</b> Diagnostic procedures included endoscopies with patohistology, laboratory exams, the insulin resistance homeostatic model assessment method (HOMA index), anthropometrics, and radiology imaging. Periodontal status was evaluated by full-mouth periodontal examination. <b>Results:</b> A total of 79 patients with localized colorectal carcinoma, with slight male predominance of 55.7%, and an age of 65.7 ± 12.4 years participated in this study. Three-quarters of patients (73.4%; 95% CI: 63.0-82.2%) were diagnosed with periodontitis. Patients with periodontitis and colorectal cancer had significantly increased glucose levels (fasting and after oral glucose challenge), (both <i>p</i> < 0.05). Also, increased values of the HOMA index were found in patients with periodontitis vs. controls (without periodontitis) and colorectal cancer; 6.38 ± 5.74 vs. 3.58 ± 2.6 (<i>p</i> = 0.012); Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient = 0.271 (<i>p</i> = 0.039). There were significant differences in high-density cholesterol in patients with periodontitis vs. controls, 1.41 ± 0.28 vs. 1.23 ± 0.35 mmol/L (<i>p</i> = 0.016), but correlations were insignificant; Rho c.c. = 0.045 (<i>p</i> = 0.738). <b>Conclusions:</b> The most consorted connections between periodontitis and colorectal cancer were found among parameters of metabolic domain, especially glucose concentrations and insulin resistance. Further studies, which would include novel and emerging antidiabetic treatments and their effects on the prevention or control of both diseases, would be warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Metabolites: A Sustainable Approach to Combat Plant Pests.","authors":"Somasundaram Prabhu, Rajendran Poorniammal, Laurent Dufossé","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060418","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the sustainable increase in agricultural productivity, the need for safer, environmentally friendly pesticide alternatives is also growing. Metabolites of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) are emerging as potential bioactive compounds for integrated pest and disease management. These compounds comprise amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, organic acids, phenolics, peptides, alkaloids, polyketides, and volatile organic compounds. The majority of them have insecticidal, fungicidal, and nematicidal activities. In this review, the classifications, biosynthetic pathways, and ecological functions of primary and secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms are discussed, including their mechanisms of action, ranging from competition to systemic acquired resistance in host plants. The article highlights the importance of microbial genera (viz., <i>Bacillus</i> sp., <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp., <i>Trichoderma</i> sp., <i>Streptomyces</i> sp., etc.) in making chemicals and biopesticides for crop defense. We present the possible applications of microbial biosynthesis strategies and synthetic biology tools in bioprocess development, covering recent innovations in formulation, delivery, and pathway engineering to enhance metabolite production. This review emphasizes the significance of microbial metabolites in improving the plant immunity, yield performance, reduction in pesticide application, and the sustainability of an ecological, sustainable, and resilient agricultural system.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geopropolis from <i>Melipona fasciculata</i> Smith Accelerates Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice.","authors":"Aramys Silva Reis, Gabriel Carvalho de Souza, Guilherme Martins Gomes Fontoura, Luecya Alves de Carvalho Silva, Alberto Jorge Oliveira Lopes, Richard Pereira Dutra, Lucilene Amorim Silva, Rosane Nassar Meireles Guerra, Maria Nilce Sousa Ribeiro, Flávia Raquel Fernandes Nascimento","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060413","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic foot ulcers present a significant clinical challenge because of their high prevalence and severe complications. The need for innovative and accessible treatment options is critical. Owing to their medicinal properties, natural products, such as geopropolis, hold promise. However, the wound healing potential of the geopropolis of <i>Melipona fasciculata</i>, particularly in accelerating the healing of diabetic ulcers, remains unexplored. In this study, we evaluated the ability of the geopropolis of <i>M. fasciculata</i> to promote wound healing in diabetic mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Geopropolis was collected, prepared as a hydroalcoholic extract, and formulated into a topical cream. Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with induced chronic wounds were treated with this cream daily, and wound healing was assessed through macroscopic measurements, histological analysis, cytokine quantification, and in silico molecular docking studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated that, compared with the control treatment, the geopropolis cream accelerated wound closure at all the analyzed time points (days 3, 7, and 14), reduced inflammatory infiltrates, and enhanced fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition. These alterations were particularly pronounced in the final phase of healing, indicating an improvement in wound repair processes. These effects occurred without altering systemic cytokine levels, suggesting a localized treatment action. These results may be partially associated with the theoretical ability of beta-amyrin and cycloartenol to interact with human myeloperoxidase (MPO), as suggested by in silico docking analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the findings indicate that geopropolis cream could represent a viable alternative for managing diabetic ulcers, providing an effective means to enhance wound healing while remaining accessible to low-income populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insomnia, Cognitive Impairment, or a Combination of Both, Alter Lipid Metabolism Due to Changes in Acylcarnitine Concentration in Older Persons.","authors":"Selma Karime Castillo-Vazquez, Berenice Palacios-González, Marcela Vela-Amieva, Isabel Ibarra-González, Ricardo Morales, Paola García-delaTorre, Sergio Sánchez-García, Carmen García-Peña, Ricardo Reyes-Chilpa, Raúl Hernán Medina-Campos, Jessica Hernández-Pineda, Juan Carlos Gomez-Verjan, Nadia Alejandra Rivero-Segura","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060417","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Insomnia has been widely associated with cognitive impairment (CI). However, the relationship between the two entities (insomnia and CI) is poorly understood. In this context, adults with insomnia show metabolic changes, including alterations in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, glycerophospholipids, and glutathione and glutamate biosynthesis. Nevertheless, aging itself induces metabolic changes that may be amplified by chronic diseases that compromise the health of the elderly. Therefore, in the present study we aim to characterise metabolomic profiles of insomnia and CI alone in order to address a significant gap in current research regarding the pathways through which insomnia may lead to CI in older persons.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study we perform a targeted metabolomics analysis (UPLC-MS) on 80 serum samples from the Cohort of Obesity, Sarcopenia, and Frailty of Older Mexican Adults (COSFOMA); these samples were classified into four groups (control, insomnia, CI, and insomnia + CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results show that insomnia increases the concentration of acylcarnitines (C10, C8, C14, C12:1, C18:1 and C18) as compared to CI group, while older persons with CI show a decrease the concentration of the acylcarnitines C16, C10 and C8. Finally, individuals with both conditions (insomnia + CI) show that only the concentration of the acylcarnitine C16 decreases compared to controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Taken together, our results shed light on the relevance of insomnia on lipid metabolism in older persons.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic Profiling Reveals PGPR-Driven Drought Tolerance in Contrasting <i>Brassica juncea</i> Genotypes.","authors":"Asha Rani Sheoran, Nita Lakra, Baljeet Singh Saharan, Annu Luhach, Yogesh K Ahlawat, Rosa Porcel, Jose M Mulet, Prabhakar Singh","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060416","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drought stress is a major abiotic factor limiting <i>Brassica juncea</i> productivity, resulting in significant yield reductions. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) have shown potential in enhancing drought tolerance; however, the metabolomic changes associated with their effects remain largely unexplored. This study examines the metabolic changes induced by a PGPR consortium (<i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i>, <i>Pantoea dispersa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> sp.) in two contrasting genotypes <i>B. juncea</i> (L.) Czern. 'RH 725' (drought tolerant) and <i>B. juncea</i> (L.) Czern. 'RH-749' (drought sensitive for drought tolerance, under both control and drought conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Metabolite profiling was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify compounds that accumulated differentially across treatments. We applied multivariate statistical methods, such as Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), hierarchical clustering, and pathway enrichment analysis, to explore metabolic reprogramming.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Drought stress induced significant changes in metabolite profile, particularly increasing the levels of osmoprotectants such as trehalose, glucose, sucrose, proline, and valine. Additionally, alterations in organic acids (malic acid and citric acid) and fatty acids (oleic acid and linoleic acid) were observed. PGPR inoculation further amplified these metabolic responses to enhance the osmotic regulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, and carbon-nitrogen metabolism, with RH-725 displaying a stronger adaptive response. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that PGPR treatment significantly influenced metabolic pathways related to starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis, which play critical roles in drought adaptation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide insights into how PGPR contributes to stress resilience in <i>B. juncea</i> by modulating key biochemical pathways. This study provides new molecular insights into the known effect of PGPR for mitigating drought stress in oilseed crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SGLT-2 Inhibitors and Metabolic Outcomes: A Primary Data Study Exploring the Microbiota-Diabetes Connection.","authors":"Nicoleta Mihaela Mindrescu, Cristian Guja, Viorel Jinga, Sorina Ispas, Antoanela Curici, Rucsandra Elena Danciulescu Miulescu, Andreea Nelson Twakor, Anca Mihaela Pantea Stoian","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060411","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gut microbiota plays a critical role in metabolic health and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Alterations in microbial composition may influence glycemic control and systemic inflammation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this single-center, randomized study, 60 adults with T2DM receiving metformin were evaluated biologically and received either empagliflozin or sitagliptin. Demographic, metabolic, and lifestyle data were collected. Gut microbiota profiling was conducted at two timepoints to assess changes in bacterial and fungal taxa. Blood glucose, HbA1c, and inflammation markers were analyzed longitudinally.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both treatment groups showed significant improvements in glycemic control. Median fasting glucose decreased from 132 to 123 mg/dL (<i>p</i> = 0.046) in the sitagliptin group and from 131 to 114 mg/dL (<i>p</i> = 0.025) in the empagliflozin group. Median HbA1c levels declined significantly in both groups, with a greater reduction in the empagliflozin group (<i>p</i> = 0.001 vs. <i>p</i> = 0.049). The microbiota analysis revealed an increase in beneficial bacteria (e.g., <i>Bifidobacterium</i> spp. and <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp.) and a decrease in pro-inflammatory taxa <i>(Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i> spp.). Notably, empagliflozin was associated with a more pronounced microbiota rebalancing and a significant decline in fungal overgrowth (e.g., <i>Candida</i> spp.; <i>p</i> = 0.034).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Treatment with sitagliptin and empagliflozin led to improved glycemic outcomes and partial restoration of gut microbial balance in T2DM patients. Empagliflozin showed superior efficacy in modulating both glycemia and dysbiosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Sucrose-Utilizing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Nissle 1917 for Efficient Heparosan Biosynthesis.","authors":"Yaozong Chen, Zihua Wan, Zheng-Jun Li","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060410","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Heparosan is a component of the capsular polysaccharide in <i>Escherichia coli</i> K5 and <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> Type D. It shares a similar glycan structure with heparin and can be enzymatically modified to produce bioactive heparin. <b>Methods</b>: In this study, the probiotic strain <i>E. coli</i> Nissle 1917 (EcN), which naturally produces heparosan, was genetically engineered to utilize sucrose as a carbon source for growth while achieving high-yield heparosan biosynthesis. <b>Results</b>: By expressing the sucrose hydrolase genes <i>sacA</i> (from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>) or <i>spI</i> (from <i>Bifidobacterium adolescentis</i>), EcN was enabled to utilize sucrose, achieving heparosan titers of 131 mg/L and 179 mg/L, respectively. Further metabolic engineering was performed to block the glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways, thereby redirecting sucrose-derived glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate toward heparosan biosynthesis, while glycerol was supplemented as an auxiliary carbon source to support cell growth. Finally, the key biosynthesis genes <i>galU</i>, <i>kfiD</i>, and <i>glmM</i> were overexpressed, resulting in an engineered strain with a heparosan titer of 622 mg/L. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study represents the first successful engineering of EcN to utilize sucrose as the carbon source for growth, while achieving enhanced heparosan production through synergistic carbon source utilization. These findings establish a foundational strategy for employing this strain in the sucrose-based biosynthesis of other glycosaminoglycans.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12194944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut-Microbiome Signatures Predicting Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ielmina Domilescu, Bogdan Miutescu, Florin George Horhat, Alina Popescu, Camelia Nica, Ana Maria Ghiuchici, Eyad Gadour, Ioan Sîrbu, Delia Hutanu","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060412","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Rectal cancer management increasingly relies on watch-and-wait strategies after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). Accurate, non-invasive prediction of pathological complete response (pCR) remains elusive. Emerging evidence suggests that gut-microbiome composition modulates radio-chemosensitivity. We systematically reviewed primary studies that correlated baseline or on-treatment gut-microbiome features with nCRT response in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed were searched from inception to 30 April 2025. Eligibility required (i) prospective or retrospective human studies of LARC, (ii) faecal or mucosal microbiome profiling by 16S, metagenomics, or metatranscriptomics, and (iii) response assessment using tumour-regression grade or pCR. Narrative synthesis and random-effects proportion meta-analysis were performed where data were homogeneous.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve studies (n = 1354 unique patients, median sample = 73, range 22-735) met inclusion. Four independent machine-learning models achieved an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve AUROC ≥ 0.85 for pCR prediction. Consistently enriched taxa in responders included <i>Lachnospiraceae bacterium</i>, <i>Blautia wexlerae</i>, <i>Roseburia</i> spp., and <i>Intestinimonas butyriciproducens</i>. Non-responders showed over-representation of <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>, <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i>, and <i>Prevotella</i> spp. Two studies linked butyrate-producing modules to radiosensitivity, whereas nucleotide-biosynthesis pathways conferred resistance. Pooled pCR rate in patients with a \"butyrate-rich\" baseline profile was 44% (95% CI 35-54) versus 21% (95% CI 15-29) in controls (I² = 18%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite heterogeneity, convergent functional and taxonomic signals underpin a microbiome-based radiosensitivity axis in LARC. Multi-centre validation cohorts and intervention trials manipulating these taxa, such as prebiotics or live-biotherapeutics, are warranted before clinical deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Dietary Carbohydrate Levels on Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency, and Immune Response in <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> Cultured in Biofloc Systems.","authors":"Yulong Sun, Shuailiang Zhang, Wenping Feng, Yunqi Zhang, Tao Han, Jiteng Wang","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060409","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objective:</b> Over an eight-week period, this study assessed the influence of dietary carbohydrate levels on growth, metabolism, and immunity in Pacific white shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) raised within a biofloc technology (BFT) system. <b>Methods:</b> Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, spanning carbohydrate levels from 11% to 47%, were evaluated. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that dietary carbohydrate significantly impacted both growth performance and feed utilization. The diet containing 38% carbohydrate yielded the best outcomes, resulting in the highest weight gain, specific growth rate, and an optimal feed conversion ratio in the shrimp. Hepatopancreatic metabolic analysis revealed that the shrimp adapted to diets high in carbohydrates through the upregulation of glycolytic enzymes (PK, PFK) and downregulation of gluconeogenic enzymes (PEPCK, G6Pase). By optimizing the water quality and supplementing microbial nutrition, <i>L. vannamei</i> in the BFT system exhibited enhanced dietary carbohydrate utilization and strengthened innate immunity. Specifically, SOD and CAT activities remained largely unaffected by varying carbohydrate levels. However, excessive carbohydrate intake still induced oxidative stress. The high-sugar group (47%) exhibited a significant increase in hemolymph MDA content (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with corresponding metabolic alterations observed in glucose, triglyceride, and total protein levels. On the basis of the results of this study, the BFT system may mitigate the adverse effects of a high-carbohydrate diet by enhancing lysosomal enzyme activity (e.g., ACP) and increasing total protein levels. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest that the BFT system enhances shrimp immunity and mitigates the potential adverse effects of imbalanced dietary components. Piecewise regression analysis determined the optimal dietary carbohydrate level for shrimp within the BFT system to be 31.44-31.77%.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}