Metabolites最新文献

{"title":"Decoding Fish Origins: How Metals and Metabolites Differentiate Wild, Cultured, and Escaped Specimens.","authors":"Warda Badaoui, Kilian Toledo-Guedes, Juan Manuel Valero-Rodriguez, Adrian Villar-Montalt, Frutos C Marhuenda-Egea","doi":"10.3390/metabo15070490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15070490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fish escape events from aquaculture facilities are increasing and pose significant ecological, economic, and traceability concerns. Accurate methods to differentiate between wild, cultured, and escaped fish are essential for fishery management and seafood authentication.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed muscle tissue from <i>Sparus aurata</i>, <i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>, and <i>Argyrosomus regius</i> using a multiomics approach. Heavy metals were quantified by ICP-MS, fatty acid profiles were assessed via GC-MS, and metabolomic and lipidomic signatures were identified using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Multivariate statistical models (MDS and PLS-LDA) were applied to classify fish origins.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Wild seabream showed significantly higher levels of arsenic (9.5-fold), selenium (3.5-fold), and DHA and ARA fatty acids (3.2-fold), while cultured fish exhibited increased linoleic and linolenic acids (6.5-fold). TMAO concentrations were up to 5.3-fold higher in wild fish, serving as a robust metabolic biomarker. Escaped fish displayed intermediate biochemical profiles. Multivariate models achieved a 100% classification accuracy across species and analytical techniques.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The integration of heavy metal analysis, fatty acid profiling, and NMR-based metabolomics enables the accurate differentiation of fish origin. While muscle tissue provides reliable biomarkers relevant to human exposure, future studies should explore additional tissues such as liver and gills to improve the resolution of traceability. These methods support seafood authentication, enhance aquaculture traceability, and aid in managing the ecological impacts of escape events.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Riboflavin Transporter Deficiency Type 2: Expanding the Phenotype of the Lebanese Founder Mutation p.Gly306Arg in the <i>SLC52A2</i> Gene.","authors":"Jean-Marc T Jreissati, Leonard Lawandos, Julien T Jreissati, Pascale E Karam","doi":"10.3390/metabo15070491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15070491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Riboflavin transporter deficiency type 2 is an ultra-rare, yet treatable, inborn error of metabolism. This autosomal recessive disorder is caused by pathogenic mutations in the <i>SLC52A2</i> gene leading to progressive ataxia, polyneuropathy, and hearing and visual impairment. The early initiation of riboflavin therapy can prevent or mitigate the complications. To date, only 200 cases have been reported, mostly in consanguineous populations. The p.Gly306Arg founder mutation, identified in patients of Lebanese descent, is the most frequently reported worldwide. It was described in a homozygous state in a total of 21 patients. Therefore, studies characterizing the phenotypic spectrum of this mutation remain scarce. <b>Methods</b>: A retrospective review of charts of patients diagnosed with riboflavin transporter deficiency type 2 at a tertiary-care reference center in Lebanon was performed. Clinical, biochemical, and molecular profiles were analyzed and compared to reported cases in the literature. <b>Results</b>: A total of six patients from three unrelated families were diagnosed between 2018 and 2023. All patients exhibited the homozygous founder mutation, p.Gly306Arg, with variable phenotypes, even among family members. The median age of onset was 3 years. Diagnosis was achieved by exome sequencing at a median age of 5 years, as clinical and biochemical profiles were inconsistently suggestive. The response to riboflavin was variable. One patient treated with high-dose riboflavin recovered his motor function, while the others were stabilized. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study expands the current knowledge of the phenotypic spectrum associated with the p.Gly306Arg mutation in the <i>SLC52A2</i> gene. Increased awareness among physicians of the common manifestations of this rare disorder is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. In the absence of a consistent clinical or biochemical phenotype, the use of next-generation sequencing as a first-tier diagnostic test may be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory Metabolomic and Lipidomic Profiling in a Manganese-Exposed Parkinsonism-Affected Population in Northern Italy.","authors":"Freeman Lewis, Daniel Shoieb, Somaiyeh Azmoun, Elena Colicino, Yan Jin, Jinhua Chi, Hari Krishnamurthy, Donatella Placidi, Alessandro Padovani, Andrea Pilotto, Fulvio Pepe, Marinella Tula, Patrizia Crippa, Xuexia Wang, Haiwei Gu, Roberto Lucchini","doi":"10.3390/metabo15070487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15070487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Chronic manganese (Mn) exposure is a recognized environmental contributor to Parkinsonian syndromes, including Mn-induced Parkinsonism (MnIP). This study aimed to evaluate whole-blood Mn levels and investigate disease/exposure-status-related alterations in metabolomic and lipidomic profiles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study (N = 97) was conducted in Brescia, Italy, stratifying participants by Parkinsonism diagnosis and residential Mn exposure. Whole-blood Mn was quantified using ICP-MS. Untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic profiling was conducted using LC-MS. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U tests, conditional logistic regression, ANCOVA, and pathway analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Whole-blood Mn levels were significantly elevated in Parkinsonism cases vs. controls (median: 1.55 µg/dL [IQR: 0.75] vs. 1.02 µg/dL [IQR: 0.37]; <i>p</i> = 0.001), with Mn associated with increased odds of Parkinsonism (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.13-5.17; <i>p</i> = 0.022). The disease effect metabolites included 3-sulfoxy-L-tyrosine (β = 1.12), formiminoglutamic acid (β = 0.99), and glyoxylic acid (β = 0.83); all FDR <i>p</i> < 0.001. The exposure effect was associated with elevated glycocholic acid (β = 0.51; FDR <i>p</i> = 0.006) and disrupted butanoate (Impact = 0.03; <i>p</i> = 0.004) and glutamate metabolism (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Additionally, SLC-mediated transmembrane transport was enriched (<i>p</i> = 0.003). The interaction effect identified palmitelaidic acid (β = 0.30; FDR <i>p</i> < 0.001), vitamin B6 metabolism (Impact = 0.08; <i>p</i> = 0.03), and glucose homeostasis pathways. In lipidomics, triacylglycerols and phosphatidylethanolamines were associated with the disease effect (e.g., TG(16:0_10:0_18:1), β = 0.79; FDR <i>p</i> < 0.01). Ferroptosis and endocannabinoid signaling were enriched in both disease and interaction effects, while sphingolipid metabolism was specific to the interaction effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mn exposure and Parkinsonism are associated with distinct metabolic and lipidomic perturbations. These findings support the utility of omics in identifying environmentally linked Parkinsonism biomarkers and mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Semiochemical Tools for Mountain Pine Beetle Management: <i>Dendroctonus ponderosae</i> Responses to Saprophytic Fungal Volatiles.","authors":"Leah Crandall, Rashaduz Zaman, Guncha Ishangulyyeva, Nadir Erbilgin","doi":"10.3390/metabo15070488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15070488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Within their host trees, mountain pine beetles (MPBs, <i>Dendroctonus ponderosae</i>) interact with many fungal species, each releasing a unique profile of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The FVOCs released by the two primary symbionts of MPBs, <i>Grosmannia clavigera</i> and <i>Ophiostoma montium</i>, have been found to enhance MPB attraction in the field and laboratory studies. Opportunistic, saprophytic fungal species, such as <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. and <i>Trichoderma atroviride</i>, are also common in MPB galleries and can negatively impact MPB fitness. However, little is known about the FVOCs produced by these fungal species and how they may impact MPB feeding and attraction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address this knowledge gap, we characterized the FVOC profile of <i>T. atroviride</i>, and performed bioassays to test the effects of its FVOCs on MPB attraction and feeding activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our chemical analysis revealed several FVOCs from <i>T. atroviride</i> known to inhibit the growth of competing fungal species and impact subcortical-beetle attraction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>From those FVOCs, we recommended four compounds-2-pentanone, 2-heptanone, 2-pentanol, and phenylethyl alcohol-for use in future field tests as anti-attraction lures for MPBs. In bioassays, we also observed strong MPB repellency from FVOCs released by <i>T. atroviride</i>, as well as the mild effects of FVOCs on MPB feeding activity. Our findings highlight the potential for these FVOCs to be utilized in the development of more effective MPB anti-attractant lures, which are crucial for the monitoring and management of low-density MPB populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Metabolism of Sirolimus Revisited.","authors":"Baharak Davari, Touraj Shokati, Alexandra M Ward, Vu Nguyen, Jost Klawitter, Jelena Klawitter, Uwe Christians","doi":"10.3390/metabo15070489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15070489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Sirolimus (SRL, rapamycin) is a clinically important mTOR inhibitor used in immunosuppression, oncology, and cardiovascular drug-eluting devices. Despite its long-standing FDA approval, the human metabolic profile of SRL remains incompletely characterized. SRL is primarily metabolized by CYP3A enzymes in the liver and intestine, but the diversity, pharmacokinetics, and biological activity of its metabolites have been poorly explored due to the lack of structurally identified standards. <b>Methods:</b> To investigate SRL metabolism, we incubated SRL with pooled human liver microsomes (HLM) and isolated the resulting metabolites. Structural characterization was performed using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and ion trap MSⁿ. We also applied Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to assess the energetic favorability of metabolic transformations and conducted molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to model metabolite interactions within the CYP3A4 active site. <b>Results:</b> We identified 21 unique SRL metabolites, classified into five major structural groups: O-demethylated, hydroxylated, didemethylated, di-hydroxylated, and mixed hydroxylated/demethylated derivatives. DFT analyses indicated that certain demethylation and hydroxylation reactions were energetically preferred, correlating with metabolite abundance. MD simulations further validated these findings by demonstrating the favorable orientation and accessibility of key sites within the CYP3A4 binding pocket. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study provides a comprehensive structural map of SRL metabolism, offering mechanistic insights into the formation of its metabolites. Our integrated approach of experimental and computational analyses lays the groundwork for future investigations into the pharmacodynamic and toxicodynamic effects of SRL metabolites on the mTOR pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Sadler et al. Lipid Metabolism Is Dysregulated in the Motor Cortex White Matter in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. <i>Metabolites</i> 2022, <i>12</i>, 554.","authors":"Gemma L Sadler, Katherine N Lewis, Vinod K Narayana, David P De Souza, Joel Mason, Catriona McLean, David G Gonsalvez, Bradley J Turner, Samantha K Barton","doi":"10.3390/metabo15070486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15070486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of Dietary Fat Rescues High-Fat Diet-Induced Depressive Phenotypes and the Associated Hippocampal Astrocytic Deficits in Mice.","authors":"Kai-Pi Cheng, Hsin-Hao Chao, Chin-Ju Hsu, Sheng-Feng Tsai, Yen-Ju Chiu, Yu-Min Kuo, Yun-Wen Chen","doi":"10.3390/metabo15070485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15070485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Depression is frequently comorbid with obesity. We previously showed that astrocyte-mediated hyperactive ventral hippocampal glutamatergic afferents to the nucleus accumbens determined the exhibition of depression-like behaviors in obese murine models. However, it remains unclear if the metabolic disorder-induced depressive phenotypes and astrocytic maladaptation in the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) could be reversed following the amelioration of key metabolic impairments such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, followed by either continued HFD feeding (HFD/HFD group) or a switch to a standard diet for 4 weeks (HFD/SD group).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that HFD/HFD mice displayed not only glucose/lipid metabolic dysfunction, but also depression-like behaviors. In contrast, HFD/SD mice showed improvements in metabolic disorders and depressive phenotypes. Mechanistically, dietary fat reduction restored astrocyte morphology and glutamate transporter expression (GLT-1, GLAST) in the vHPC and suppressed neuroinflammatory signaling, as evidenced by reduced levels of phospho-IKK, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the vHPC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that dietary fat reduction reverses obesity-induced depressive phenotypes, astrocytic deficits, at least in part via suppression of neuroinflammation through the NF-κB signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LC-MS-Based Untargeted Metabolic Profiling in Plasma Following Dapagliflozin Administration in Healthy Volunteers.","authors":"Hyeon Ji Kim, Jae Hwa Lee, Ji Seo Park, Jin Ju Park, Hae Won Lee, Heeyoun Bunch, Sook Jin Seong, Mi-Ri Gwon, Young-Ran Yoon","doi":"10.3390/metabo15070484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15070484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, treats type 2 diabetes by blocking renal glucose reabsorption and promoting urinary glucose excretion. This mechanism lowers blood glucose concentrations independently of insulin. The resulting caloric loss also contributes to weight reduction. Although these effects are well documented in patients with diabetes, their magnitude and underlying mechanisms in healthy individuals remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>We investigated metabolic alterations after a single 10 mg dose of dapagliflozin in healthy adults with normal body-mass indices (BMIs) using untargeted metabolomics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirteen healthy volunteers completed this study. Plasma was collected before and 24 h after dosing. Untargeted metabolic profiling was performed with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five endogenous metabolites were annotated; ten were putatively identified. Eight metabolites increased significantly, whereas two decreased. Up-regulated metabolites included phosphatidylcholine (PC) species (PC O-36:5, PC 36:3), phosphatidylserine (PS) species (PS 40:2, PS 40:3, PS 36:1, PS 40:4), lysophosphatidylserine 22:1, and uridine. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and bilirubin were down-regulated. According to the Human Metabolome Database, these metabolites participate in glycerophospholipid, branched-chain amino acid, pyrimidine, and steroid-hormone metabolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dapagliflozin may affect pathways related to energy metabolism and homeostasis beyond glucose regulation. These data provide a reference for future investigations into energy balance and metabolic flexibility in metabolic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clay Attenuates Diarrhea Induced by Fat in a Mouse Model.","authors":"Shalom Emmanuel, Nyma Siddiqui, Ting Du, Eric Asare, Yuan Chen, Huan Xie, Dong Liang, Song Gao","doi":"10.3390/metabo15070483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15070483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Diarrhea induced by an excessive amount of fat is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder. Currently, there are limited animal models and treatment options for diarrhea associated with fat. This study aims to develop a mouse model of high-fat-associated diarrhea using glyceryl-trioleate (GTO) and evaluate the potential of montmorillonite clay (MMT) in mitigating this condition. <b>Methods:</b> GTO was administered to mice at different doses through oral gavage to induce diarrhea. Clay was treated through oral gavage to evaluate its anti-diarrhea effect. Fecal conditions were monitored. Intestinal tissues were subjected to histological examination to assess structural integrity. The total fecal bile acids were evaluated using a bile acid assay kit to determine the mechanism of action. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that a diarrhea model was established by administering GTO at 2000 mg/kg. When the animals were treated with clay, diarrhea incidence and severity were decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to the untreated group receiving GTO alone, clay co-administration at 2000 mg/kg reduced diarrhea scores by approximately 48%, while the higher dose of 4000 mg/kg achieved an 83% reduction. Fecal bile acid analysis showed that diarrhea is associated with total bile acid levels in the feces. Histological exams showed that diarrhea is associated with tissue inflammation in the colon. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study showed that GTO administration induced diarrhea in mice, and clay effectively alleviates fat-induced diarrhea through modulation of fecal bile acid composition. These findings suggest that this model can be used to evaluate diarrhea associated with excessive amounts of fat and clay that can be further tested for diarrhea attenuation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Fatty Acid Concentrations Among Blood Matrices.","authors":"Ysphaneendra Mallimoggala, Monalisa Biswas, Leslie Edward S Lewis, Vijetha Shenoy Belle, Arjun Asok, Varashree Bolar Suryakanth","doi":"10.3390/metabo15070482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15070482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Fatty acids, the building blocks of lipids, contribute to numerous crucial life processes and are implicated in numerous disease pathologies. Circulating fatty acids can be extracted/trans-esterified to their respective methyl ester forms and quantified from a variety of biological samples. This study aims to identify quantifiable fatty acids (through alkali trans-esterification) in human circulation, assess the correlation of the detectable fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) compounds between whole blood, serum and plasma matrices and propose the most ideal matrix for quantification of FAMEs. <b>Methods</b>: This anonymised study was carried out in a tertiary hospital after obtaining ethical approval and involved analysis of residual fasting whole blood, serum and plasma samples obtained from 20 apparently healthy subjects attending the routine health check services at the study centre. Fatty acids were converted to its methyl ester form by methanolic KOH trans-esterification and subjected to GCMS analysis. Paired <i>t</i> test, Pearsons's correlation, linear regression and Bland Altman test were employed to assess the agreeability between matrices. <b>Results:</b> 9 out of 37 FAME compounds were detected in all three matrices. Strong correlations and statistically significant regression equations were obtained for the 9 compounds between plasma and serum matrices. Undecanoate, pentadecanoate, linolenate, and palmitate levels were lowest in plasma, while stearate, heptadecanoate levels were highest in whole blood. Myristate was highest in serum, dodecanoate was highest in plasma while docosahexanoate was found to be comparable in all three matrices. Methyl ester forms of dodeconate, myristate, pentadecanoate, palmitate, heptadecanoate, stearate, and linolenate were observed in higher concentrations in plasma when compared to serum. <b>Conclusions:</b> The current study shows similar & correlating FAME concentrations between serum and plasma matrix; however, whole blood FAME concentrations appear significantly different. Plasma serves as the most ideal matrix for detection and quantification of circulating fatty acids.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}