Metabolites最新文献

{"title":"Reducing False Positives in Newborn Screening: The Role of Perinatal Factors in the Dutch NBS Program.","authors":"Nils W F Meijer, Rose E Maase, Patricia L Hall, Wouter F Visser, Klaas Koop, Annet M Bosch, M Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema, Monique G M de Sain-van der Velden, The Clir-Nbs Group","doi":"10.3390/metabo15090634","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15090634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Dutch newborn screening is an important public health program designed to detect conditions early in life, enabling timely interventions that can prevent mortality, morbidity, and long-term disabilities. However, the program also faces certain challenges. One such issue is obtaining and maintaining a high positive predictive value (PPV); another is that newborn screening (NBS) in the Netherlands is intended for all newborn babies until the age of six months. This means comparing infants at different ages may introduce variability that complicates data interpretation. To support the optimization of the program, we systematically analyzed population-level tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data to explore postnatal metabolic changes. <b>Methods</b>: We evaluated the impact of covariates-including birth weight, gestational age, age at blood collection, and biological sex-on metabolite profiles using retrospective newborn screening (NBS) data. Special emphasis was placed on the combined effects of these covariates. The analysis was based on data from 985,629 newborns collected between 2018 and 2024. <b>Results</b>: Specifically, (extremely) preterm infants exhibit altered levels of several amino acids and acylcarnitines. Moreover, we observed multiplicative effects of gestational age and birth weight on several metabolic markers. Biological sex however, does not have an impact. The largest impact of the age of sampling was observed on the C0/C16+C18 ratio, which may impact screening performance for CPT1 deficiency. <b>Conclusions</b>: Covariate-adjusted reference values could improve the performance of the Dutch newborn screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Distinct Signatures in Primary and Secondary Polycythemia.","authors":"Murat Yıldırım, Batuhan Erdoğdu, Selim Sayın, Ozan Kaplan, Emine Koç, Mine Karadeniz, Bülent Karakaya, Mustafa Güney, Mustafa Çelebier, Meltem Aylı","doi":"10.3390/metabo15090630","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15090630","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background/Objectives&lt;/b&gt;: The differential diagnosis between primary polycythemia vera (PV) and secondary polycythemia (SP) presents significant clinical challenges owing to substantial phenotypic overlap. This investigation utilized untargeted metabolomic approaches to elucidate disease-specific metabolic perturbations and evaluate the metabolic consequences of cytoreductive therapeutic interventions. &lt;b&gt;Methods&lt;/b&gt;: Plasma specimens obtained from PV patients (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 40) and SP patients (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 25) underwent comprehensive metabolomic profiling utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) platforms. Multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA), were employed in conjunction with pathway enrichment analyses to characterize disease-associated metabolic dysregulation. Additionally, receiving treatment (tPV) (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 25) and not receiving treatment (ntPV) (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 15) PV patients were compared to assess therapeutic metabolic effects. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;: Comprehensive metabolomic analysis identified 67 significantly altered metabolites between PV and SP patients, with 36 upregulated and 31 downregulated in PV. Key upregulated metabolites in PV included thyrotropin-releasing hormone, 3-sulfinoalanine, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide, and protoporphyrin IX, while 4-hydroxyretinoic acid and deoxyuridine were notably downregulated. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed disruptions in taurine, glutamate, nicotinate, and cysteine metabolism in PV. ntPV patients exhibited higher glucose and octanoyl-CoA levels compared to treated patients, indicating the normalization of glucose and fatty acid metabolism with cytoreductive therapy. ntPV was also associated with altered B-vitamin metabolism, including decreased nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide and increased nicotinamide ribotide levels. Cross-comparison analysis revealed overlapping pathway enrichment in glutamate metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and cysteine metabolism between both comparisons. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions&lt;/b&gt;: This study demonstrates that PV and SP exhibit fundamentally distinct metabolic signatures, providing novel insights into disease pathogenesis and potential diagnostic biomarkers. The identification of oxidative stress signatures, disrupted energy metabolism, and altered B-vitamin cofactor pathways distinguishes PV from SP at the molecular level. Cytoreductive therapy significantly normalizes metabolic dysregulation, particularly glucose and nucleotide metabolism, validating current therapeutic approaches while revealing broader systemic treatment effects. The metabolic signatures identified, particularly the combination of deoxyuridine, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and oxidative stress metabolites, may serve as complementary diagnostic tools to traditional morphological and molecular approaches. These findings advance our understanding of myeloproliferative neoplasm pathophysiology and provide a foundatio","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient Mass Spectrometry Imaging Reveals Spatiotemporal Brain Distribution and Neurotransmitter Modulation by 1,8-Cineole: An Epoxy Monoterpene in Mongolian Medicine Sugmel-3.","authors":"Jisiguleng Wu, Qier Mu, Junni Qi, Hasen Bao, Chula Sa","doi":"10.3390/metabo15090631","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15090631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> 1,8-Cineole, an epoxy monoterpene, is a key volatile component of Sugmel-3, a traditional Mongolian medicine used for treating insomnia. Although previous studies suggest that 1,8-Cineole can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), its precise spatiotemporal distribution in the brain and its in situ association with alterations in neurotransmitter (NT) levels remain unclear. This study utilized ambient mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI) to investigate the dynamic brain distribution of 1,8-Cineole and its major metabolite, as well as their correlation with NT levels. <b>Methods:</b> Sprague Dawley rats (<i>n</i> = 3 per time point) received oral administration of 1,8-Cineole (65 mg/kg). Brain tissues were harvested 5 min, 30 min, 3 h, and 6 h post dose and analyzed using AFADESI-MSI. The spatial and temporal distributions of 1,8-Cineole, its metabolite 2-hydroxy-1,8-Cineole, key neurotransmitters (e.g., 5-HT, GABA, glutamine, melatonin), and related endogenous metabolites were mapped across 13 functionally distinct brain microregions. <b>Results:</b> AFADESI-MSI demonstrated rapid brain entry of 1,8-Cineole and its metabolite, with distinct spatiotemporal pharmacokinetics. The metabolite exhibited higher brain exposure, with 1,8-Cineole predominant in the cortex (CTX) and hippocampus (HP), while its metabolite showed pronounced accumulation in the pineal gland (PG), alongside CTX/HP. Region-dependent alterations in neurotransmitter levels (notably in PG, HP) correlated with drug concentrations, with observed increases in key molecules of the serotonergic and GABAergic pathways. <b>Conclusions:</b> Using AFADESI-MSI, this study provides the first spatiotemporal map of 1,8-Cineole and its metabolite in the brain. The correlation between their region-specific distribution and local neurotransmitter alterations suggests a direct mechanistic link to Sugmel-3's sedative-hypnotic efficacy, guiding future target identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination of Metabolomic Analysis and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Differential Mechanism of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis and Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Wild and Cultivated Forms of <i>Angelica sinensis</i>.","authors":"Yuanyuan Wang, Jialing Zhang, Yiyang Chen, Juanjuan Liu, Ke Li, Ling Jin","doi":"10.3390/metabo15090633","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15090633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong><i>Angelica sinensis</i> is a type of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used primarily as a blood tonic. The chemical components that exert their efficacy are mainly bioactive metabolites, such as ferulic acid, flavonoids, and volatile oils. The resources of wild <i>Angelica sinensis</i> (WA) are very scarce, and almost all the market circulation of TCM formulations relies on cultivated <i>Angelica sinensis</i> (CA). Some studies have shown that WA and CA differ in morphological features and chemical composition, but the reasons and mechanisms behind the differences have not been studied deeply.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Herein, metabolomics analysis (MA) and transcriptomics analysis (TA) were used to reveal the differences in bioactive metabolites and genes between WA and CA. Expression of key genes was verified by real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that 12,580 differential metabolites (DMs) and 1837 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between WA and CA. Fourteen DMs (e.g., cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, <i>p</i>-coumaroylquinic acid, and phlorizin) and 27 DEGs (e.g., cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (<i>C4H</i>), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (<i>4CL</i>), shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (<i>HCT</i>), caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase (<i>COMT</i>), cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (<i>CAD</i>), flavonol synthase (<i>FLS</i>)) were screened in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis. A combined analysis of MA and TA was performed, and a network map of DMs regulated by DEGs was plotted. The results of real-time RT-qPCR showed that the transcriptome data were reliable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide a reference for further optimization of the development of WA cultivation and breeding of CA varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Caprylic Acid for the Prevention and Treatment of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection and Gastric Cancer: A Review.","authors":"Alexandra Balderrama-Gómez, Victor Manuel Muñoz-Pérez, Mario I Ortiz, Raquel Cariño-Cortés, Javier Castro-Rosas, Abigail Betanzos, Eduardo Fernández-Martínez, Israel Castillo-Juárez","doi":"10.3390/metabo15090629","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15090629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigates the bactericidal and anticancer potential of caprylic acid (CA) against <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection, a major global risk factor for gastric cancer. Several chronic inflammatory processes, bacterial virulence factors, and carcinogenic mechanisms-capable of inducing DNA damage in gastric epithelial cells, promoting genomic instability, and contributing to the development of gastritis or peptic ulcer disease in susceptible individuals-remain incompletely understood. CA, a medium-chain fatty acid naturally found in plant and animal sources such as coconut oil and goat's milk, possesses notable biological properties that may confer gastroprotective effects against gastric cancer induced by <i>H. pylori</i>. Despite advances in medical management, no universally effective strategy currently exists for the treatment or prevention of <i>H. pylori</i>-associated gastric cancer. Conventional therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, often entail long-term complications that may affect patients' nutritional status. In brief, further elucidation of the mechanisms underlying medium-chain fatty acid metabolism, particularly that of CA in gastric cancer cells, may yield valuable insights for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. Consequently, the integration of CA into therapeutic dietary regimens and the formulation of nutraceuticals targeting <i>H. pylori</i> infection and related gastric pathologies warrant consideration. Therefore, CA could be considered a potential adjuvant in the preventive treatment of <i>H. pylori</i>-induced gastritis and its associated complications. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to confirm its beneficial use for this pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Invasive Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Using Volatile Organic Compounds.","authors":"Chuan Hao Gui, Zhunan Jia, Alex Chengyao Tham, Khai Beng Chong, Zihao Xing, Fuchang Zhang, Fang Du, Yaw Khian Chong, Hao Li, Ernest Weizhong Fu, Jereme Yijin Gan, Agnes Si Qi Chew, Ming Yann Lim","doi":"10.3390/metabo15090632","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15090632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a leading head and neck cancer in Asia, where late-stage presentation contributes to poor survival. Non-invasive diagnostic strategies such as breath analysis may improve early detection. <b>Objectives:</b> This study aimed to investigate whether volatile organic compound (VOC) features in exhaled breath, detected using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), can distinguish NPC patients from healthy controls. <b>Methods:</b> Breath samples were collected from 50 NPC patients and 40 healthy controls. PTR-TOF-MS was used to measure exhaled VOC features. Group comparisons were performed using univariate analysis, while multivariable regression was adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, and medication use. Multivariate methods, including principal component analysis (PCA) and random forest classification, were used to assess discriminatory potential. <b>Results:</b> Seven distinct VOC features (measured as <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> values) showed significant differences between NPC patients and healthy controls, with m089 and m175 emerging as the strongest markers of distinction. PCA after normalization revealed clearer separation between NPC patients and controls. Random forest models incorporating significant VOCs achieved moderate classification accuracy, and the results remained robust after adjusting for confounders. <b>Conclusions:</b> PTR-MS breath analysis can detect disease-specific VOC features in NPC and shows promise as a non-invasive diagnostic tool. Larger validation studies and definitive compound identification are needed to confirm clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the Role of Different Ceramide Synthases in the Human Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophic Response.","authors":"Alexandra M Wiley, Melissa A Krueger, Nona Sotoodehnia, Jason G Umans, Andrew N Hoofnagle, Rozenn N Lemaitre, Rheem A Totah, Sina A Gharib","doi":"10.3390/metabo15090635","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15090635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Recent studies suggest that plasma ceramide levels may be better predictors of CVD risk than LDL cholesterol. Ceramides are part of the sphingolipid class of lipids and are the central intermediates in complex sphingolipid biosynthesis. Sphingolipids are crucial for cellular structure and have important biological roles as complex signaling lipids, structurally and functionally differentiated by their acylated fatty acid. Higher plasma concentrations of 16:0 ceramide are associated with increased risk of heart failure. In contrast, higher concentrations of 22:0 plus 24:0 ceramide are associated with lower risk. We aim to address how alterations in these lipids can affect the human cardiac hypertrophic response. <b>Methods</b>: We silenced the ceramide synthase genes (<i>CERS</i>) responsible for the production of 16:0 ceramide (<i>CERS5</i>/<i>6</i>) or 22:0 and 24:0 ceramide (<i>CERS2</i>) in immortalized human ventricular cardiomyocytes and examined the altered cardiac hypertrophic response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment by examining changes in the transcriptome. <b>Results</b>: We discovered that silencing <i>CERS2</i> or <i>CERS5</i>/<i>6</i> drastically altered the cardiac cell hypertrophic response. We demonstrated that human cardiomyocytes with silenced <i>CERS2</i> appeared to have an exacerbated hypertrophy response, while cardiomyocytes with silenced <i>CERS5</i>/<i>6</i> had a more favorable response, suggesting that <i>CERS2</i> and <i>CERS5</i>/<i>CERS6</i> and their gene product metabolites may have opposing roles in the development and progression of CVD. <b>Conclusions</b>: The exact mechanisms through which various ceramides contribute to CVD progression are still unknown. This study will help elucidate the role of specific ceramides during cardiac hypertrophy and suggests that drugs targeting specific sphingolipids can potentially be a viable treatment option for the prevention of CVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential Amino Acid Supplementation May Attenuate Systemic Inflammation and Improve Hypoalbuminemia in Subacute Hemiplegic Stroke Patients.","authors":"Mirella Boselli, Roberto Aquilani, Roberto Maestri, Paolo Iadarola, Alessandro Magistroni, Chiara Ferretti, Antonia Pierobon, Matteo Cotta Ramusino, Alfredo Costa, Daniela Buonocore, Marco Peviani, Federica Boschi, Manuela Verri","doi":"10.3390/metabo15090626","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15090626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Post-stroke inflammation and hypoalbuminemia can negatively affect neurocognitive recovery. This study evaluated whether oral amino acid (AA) supplementation with prevalently essential amino acids (EAAs, 82.1%) could improve inflammation and albumin levels in post-stroke patients undergoing neurorehabilitation. <b>Methods:</b> Sixty-four patients with subacute stroke (less than three 3 months from acute event) and elevated inflammation markers (C-reactive protein, CRP > 0.5 mg/dL) were enrolled. All underwent anthropometric assessments and blood tests for CRP (normal value < 0.5 mg/dL), albumin (normal range: 3.5-4.76 g/dL), prealbumin (18-32 mg/dL), and white blood cell count. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either oral EAAs (8.4 g/day) or placebo (maltodextrin, 8.4 g/day) for 55 days. Measurements were taken at baseline (T0) and at discharge (T1), approximately two months later. <b>Results:</b> At baseline, both groups had comparable levels of systemic inflammation, albumin and prealbumin: CRP, 2.13 ± 1.82 mg/dL (placebo) vs. 2.89 ± 2.12 mg/dL (EAAs), <i>p</i> = 0.13; albumin, 3.10 ± 0.46 g/dL (placebo) vs. 3.07 ± 0.57 g/dL (EAAs), <i>p</i> = 0.82; prealbumin, 18.3 ± 6.2 mg/dL (placebo) vs. 16.9 ± 3.9 mg/dL (EAAs), <i>p</i> = 0.28. During rehabilitation, only the EAA group showed significant reductions in CRP (<i>p</i> = 0.036 vs. placebo) and improvements in albumin (<i>p</i> = 0.033 vs. placebo) and prealbumin levels (<i>p</i> = 0.05 vs. placebo). However, full normalization of CRP and albumin was not achieved. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study demonstrates that a physiological dose of supplemented EAAs may attenuate, but not fully resolve, post-stroke inflammation and hypoalbuminemia. Further research is needed to determine whether higher EAA doses and/or modifications in EAA composition could enhance or normalize systemic inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Modulation of Metabolic Health: From Bioactive Compounds to Personalized Nutrition.","authors":"Aleksandra Leziak, Julia Lipina, Magdalena Reclik, Piotr Kocelak","doi":"10.3390/metabo15090624","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15090624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic health is a dynamic equilibrium influenced by diet and lifestyle. This review synthesizes evidence on how specific dietary patterns and bioactive nutrients modulate metabolic disorders. Diets like the Mediterranean and DASH plans consistently improve cardiometabolic markers: a Mediterranean diet can halve metabolic syndrome prevalence (~52% reduction) in as little as 6 months, while the DASH diet typically lowers systolic blood pressure by ~5-7 mmHg and modestly improves lipid profiles (LDL-C by ~3-5 mg/dL). Plant-based diets (vegetarian/vegan) are associated with lower BMI, improved insulin sensitivity, and reduced inflammation. Ketogenic diets induce rapid weight loss (~12% body weight vs. 4% on control diets) and improve glycemic control (reducing HbA1c and triglycerides), though long-term effects (elevated LDL) warrant caution. Bioactive compounds present in these diets play critical roles: polyphenols improve insulin signaling and reduce oxidative stress (resveratrol supplementation reduced HOMA-IR by ~0.5 units and fasting glucose by ~0.3 mmol/L); omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) reduce triglycerides by ~25-30% and inflammation; and probiotic interventions modestly enhance glycemic control (lowering HOMA-IR and HbA1c) and gut health. Personalized nutrition approaches, which account for genetic and microbiome differences, are emerging to maximize these benefits. In conclusion, evidence-based dietary strategies rich in fiber, unsaturated fats, and phytochemicals can substantially improve metabolic health outcomes, underscoring the potential of tailored nutrition in preventing and managing obesity-related metabolic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Salivary Amino Acid Concentrations on 8 km Running Performance in Male Undergraduate Students: A Prospective Observational Study Based on HPLC.","authors":"Hai Zhao, Kangwei Shen, Wei Fan, Mengjie Li, Xuejun Kang","doi":"10.3390/metabo15090625","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15090625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore the potential relationship between salivary amino acid concentrations and 8 km running performance in male undergraduate students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty male undergraduate students were recruited. Participants completed an 8 km run while wearing smart bracelets. Saliva samples were collected before, immediately after, and 24 h after the run. Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) was used to quantify salivary amino acids.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fast group (average speed > 12.80 km/h) had a significantly shorter running time (35.66 ± 1.30 min, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and higher speed (13.59 ± 0.46 km/h, <i>p</i> < 0.001) than the slow group. Before the run, salivary serine concentration (20.19 µg/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.013) was higher in the fast group. After 24 h, salivary glutamine concentration (6.65 µg/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.047) was lower in the fast group. Salivary threonine concentration was positively correlated with running speed. For every 1 µg/mL increase in salivary threonine concentration, average running speed increased by 0.011 km/h, and this correlation persisted after adjusting for age and heart rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found a positive correlation between salivary threonine and 8 km running speed, along with differences in serine and glutamine concentrations among runners with different speeds. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the relationship between salivary amino acid concentrations and running performance, though further research with larger samples and diverse exercise types is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}