Metabolites最新文献

{"title":"Changes in Phenylacetylglutamine Levels Provide Add-On Value in Risk Stratification of Hypertensive Patients: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.","authors":"Xuan Xu, Lixin Jia, Bokang Qiao, Yanyan Gong, Shan Gao, Yuan Wang, Jie Du","doi":"10.3390/metabo15010064","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15010064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite antihypertensive treatment, some high-risk hypertensive patients still experience major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Current risk stratification tools may underestimate the presence of metabolites in hypertension and thereby risk of MACEs.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to explore the potential value of gut microbiota-derived metabolite phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln) in risk stratification of hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured plasma PAGln levels using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in 1543 high-risk hypertensive patients, dividing them into a discovery cohort (n = 792) and a validation cohort (n = 751). After follow-up, the Kaplan-Meier curve and the Cox regression model were utilized to determine the correlation between PAGln and MACEs (death, non-fatal ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, non-fatal acute coronary syndrome and unplanned revascularization). We examined the predictive performance of PAGln in different subgroups and evaluated the incremental predictive value of PAGln as an addition to the ASCVD risk assessment model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among all high-risk hypertensive patients, 148 patients experienced MACEs after a mean follow-up of 3.02 years. In both cohorts, after adjusting other confounding risk factors, PAGln remained an independent risk factor the MACEs in hypertensive patients. Patients with plasma PAGln ≥ 1.047 μmol/L have a higher risk of MACEs. PAGln concentration provided incremental predictive value to the ASCVD risk model, with better performance in the discovery cohort. It was most effective in female, patients with a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 130 mmHg and taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PAGln was associated with an increased risk of MACEs in hypertension, especially in women or in subgroups with SBP ≥ 130 mmHg and taking ACEIs. PAGln should be considered as an independent predictor in risk stratification to improve prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolics-Based Study on the Therapeutic Mechanism Behind the Effect of Shenhuang Plaster Applied to the Shenque Acupoint on Gastrointestinal Motility in POI Mice.","authors":"Yanan Shi, Chenglei Wu, Ting Liu, Rongyun Wang, Bin Ding, Qiuhua Sun","doi":"10.3390/metabo15010065","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15010065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common postoperative clinical complication that significantly affects postoperative rehabilitation and quality of life in patients and can even produce secondary complications, leading to serious consequences. External treatment using Shenhuang Plaster (SHP) (Shenque acupoint administration) has definite effects and unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of POI, but its mechanism is not completely clear. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic mechanism behind the effect of Shenhuang Plaster applied to the Shenque acupoint on gastrointestinal motility in POI mice based on metabolomics.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: blank control (Ctrl), model (POI), and intervention (POI + SHP) groups. SHP treatment was started 3 days before modeling. We employed several behavioral tests and gastrointestinal transit function measurements and performed qRT-PCR analysis, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and metabolomics analysis on serum metabolites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that SHP could reduce the mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators in the smooth muscle tissue of the small intestine, regulate the structure and function of the intestinal microbiota, and modulate serum phenylalanine, carnitine, and glutamic acid levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>POI mice had obvious intestinal flora disorders and metabolic disorders of amino acids and their derivatives, and there was a significant correlation between differential flora and differential metabolites. SHP could effectively regulate the concentration of intestinal flora and serum metabolites and the metabolic pathway related to amino acids in vivo and, ultimately, achieve a therapeutic purpose in POI. In this study, it was found, for the first time, that applying SHP to the Shenque acupoint could effectively regulate the serum metabolites of phenylalanine, carnitine, and glutamate, and improve postoperative intestinal motile disturbance through association with the intestinal flora.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteopenia Metabolomic Biomarkers for Early Warning of Osteoporosis.","authors":"Jie Wang, Dandan Yan, Suna Wang, Aihua Zhao, Xuhong Hou, Xiaojiao Zheng, Jingyi Guo, Li Shen, Yuqian Bao, Wei Jia, Xiangtian Yu, Cheng Hu, Zhenlin Zhang","doi":"10.3390/metabo15010066","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15010066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b>: This study aimed to capture the early metabolic changes before osteoporosis occurs and identify metabolomic biomarkers at the osteopenia stage for the early prevention of osteoporosis. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: Metabolomic data were generated from normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups with 320 participants recruited from the Nicheng community in Shanghai. We conducted individual edge network analysis (iENA) combined with a random forest to detect metabolomic biomarkers for the early warning of osteoporosis. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and mediation analysis were used to explore the clinical impacts of metabolomic biomarkers. <b>Results</b>: Visual separations of the metabolic profiles were observed between three bone mineral density (BMD) groups in both genders. According to the iENA approach, several metabolites had significant abundance and association changes in osteopenia participants, confirming that osteopenia is a critical stage in the development of osteoporosis. Metabolites were further selected to identify osteopenia (nine metabolites in females; eight metabolites in males), and their ability to discriminate osteopenia was improved significantly compared to traditional bone turnover markers (BTMs) (female AUC = 0.717, 95% CI 0.547-0.882, versus BTMs: <i>p</i> = 0.036; male AUC = 0.801, 95% CI 0.636-0.966, versus BTMs: <i>p</i> = 0.007). The roles of the identified key metabolites were involved in the association between total fat-free mass (TFFM) and osteopenia in females. <b>Conclusion</b>: Osteopenia was identified as a tipping point during the development of osteoporosis with metabolomic characteristics. A few metabolites were identified as candidate early-warning biomarkers by machine learning analysis, which could indicate bone loss and provide new prevention guidance for osteoporosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Artemia</i> Nauplii Enriched with Soybean Lecithin Enhances Growth Performance, Intestine Morphology, and Desiccation Stress Resistance in Yellow Drum (<i>Nibea albiflora</i>) Larvae.","authors":"Zhenya Zhou, Pian Zhang, Peng Tan, Ruiyi Chen, Weihua Hu, Ligai Wang, Yuming Zhang, Dongdong Xu","doi":"10.3390/metabo15010063","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15010063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The inherent deficiency of phospholipids in <i>Artemia</i> limits its nutritional value as live prey for marine fish larvae. In our previous study, we optimized a phospholipid enrichment method by incubating <i>Artemia</i> nauplii with 10 g of soybean lecithin per m³ of seawater for 12 h, significantly enhancing their phospholipid content. <b>Purpose</b>: The present study evaluated the impact of this enrichment on yellow drum (<i>Nibea albiflora</i>) larvae, focusing on growth performance, intestinal morphology, body composition, weaning success, and desiccation stress resistance. <b>Methods</b>: The larvae (12 days post-hatching, dph) were fed either soybean lecithin-enriched (SL group) or newly hatched (NH group) <i>Artemia</i> nauplii for 10 days. <b>Results</b>: By the end of the experiment, the SL group exhibited a markedly greater body weight and standard length compared to the NH group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). This growth improvement was due to enhanced intestinal morphology, characterized by a significantly higher mucosal fold height, microvillus density, and microvillus length (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Intestinal RNA sequencing identified 160 upregulated and 447 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the SL group compared to the NH group. Soybean lecithin enrichment reduced the expression of lipogenesis-related genes (<i>fasn</i>, <i>scd</i>, <i>elovl1</i>) while upregulating lipid catabolism genes (<i>ppara</i>, <i>cpt1</i>, <i>cpt2</i>), indicating increased lipid breakdown and energy production. After a 5-day weaning period onto a commercial microdiet, the SL group continued to show significantly superior growth performance. In an afterward desiccation stress test, larvae from the SL group demonstrated significantly higher survival rates, potentially due to the decreased expression of intestinal cytokine genes (<i>ccl13</i>, <i>mhc1</i>, <i>mhc2</i>) observed in the RNA-seq analysis. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study highlights that feeding soybean lecithin-enriched <i>Artemia</i> nauplii enhances growth performance and desiccation stress in yellow drum larvae by promoting lipid catabolism, improving intestinal structure, and regulating immune responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LC-MS-Based Global Metabolic Profiles of Alternative Blood Specimens Collected by Microsampling.","authors":"Marlene N Thaitumu, Daniel Marques De Sá E Silva, Philippine Louail, Johannes Rainer, Glykeria Avgerinou, Anatoli Petridou, Vassilis Mougios, Georgios Theodoridis, Helen Gika","doi":"10.3390/metabo15010062","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15010062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood microsampling (BμS) has recently emerged as an interesting approach in the analysis of endogenous metabolites but also in metabolomics applications. Their non-invasive way of use and the simplified logistics that they offer renders these technologies highly attractive in large-scale studies, especially the novel quantitative microsampling approaches such as VAMs or qDBS. <b>Objectives:</b> Herein, we investigate the potential of BµS devices compared to the conventional plasma samples used in global untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics of blood. <b>Methods:</b> Two novel quantitative devices, namely, Mitra, Capitainer, and the widely used Whatman cards, were selected for comparison with plasma. Venous blood was collected from 10 healthy, overnight-fasted individuals and loaded on the devices; plasma was also collected from the same venous blood. An extraction solvent optimization study was first performed on the three devices before the main study, which compared the global metabolic profiles of the four extracts (three BµS devices and plasma). Analysis was conducted using reverse phase LC-TOF MS in positive mode. <b>Results:</b> BµS devices, especially Mitra and Capitainer, provided equal or even superior information on the metabolic profiling of human blood based on the number and intensity of features and the precision and stability of some annotated metabolites compared to plasma. Despite their rich metabolic profiles, BµS did not capture metabolites associated with biological differentiation of sexes. <b>Conclusions:</b> Overall, our results suggest that a more in-depth investigation of the acquired information is needed for each specific application, as a metabolite-dependent trend was obvious.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an Alternative Protocol to Study Muscle Fatigue.","authors":"Daniela A Alambarrio, Benjamin K Morris, R Benjamin Davis, Emily B Grabarczyk, Kari K Turner, John M Gonzalez","doi":"10.3390/metabo15010054","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15010054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When measuring real-time in vivo muscle fatigue with electromyography (<b>EMG</b>), data collection can be compromised by premature sensor removal or environmental noise; therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a postmortem in vivo methodology to induce muscle fatigue and measure it using EMG. Barrows (<i>N</i> = 20) were stratified by weight and randomly allocated into one of two treatments. The treatments consisted of barrows being subjected to a hog electric stunner super-contraction cycle (<b>ES</b>) or not (<b>CON</b>) postmortem. The right hind limb bicep femoris (<b>BF</b>) and semitendinosus (<b>ST</b>) were selected for ambulatory movement simulation using electronic muscle stimulation (<b>EMS</b>). Muscle workload during EMS was measured with EMG using median power frequency (<b>MdPF</b>) and root mean square (<b>RMS</b>) as indicators of action potential velocity and muscle fiber recruitment. Ambulatory movement was induced and recorded for 20 min with a 4:4 duty cycle at 70 Hz. Muscle biopsies were collected pre- and post-EMS for metabolite analyses to corroborate muscle fatigue onset. There was a TRT × Muscle interaction for normalized RMS percentage (<i>p</i> < 0.01), where BF from CON barrows had greater values (<i>p</i> < 0.01). There were no interactions or TRT main effects for the MdPF normalized value (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.25), but there were Period and muscle effects on MdPF (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Bicep femoris had smaller (<i>p</i> < 0.01) MdPF than ST. The percentage of MdPF decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.01) by Period 5 compared to the other Periods, which did not differ from each other (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.38). There were TRT × Muscle and Muscle × Period interactions for ATP muscle concentration (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.03). The concentration of CON BF ATP was greater (<i>p</i> < 0.01) than that of ES BF and CON and ES ST, which did not differ from each other (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.11), but the APT concentration tended to differ between ES BF and ES ST (<i>p</i> = 0.06). Semitendinosus ATP concentration decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.01) post-EMS compared to ST pre- and BF pre- and post-EMS (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.29), but BF and ST concentration tended to differ pre-EMS (<i>p</i> = 0.07). The data indicated that EMS is a valuable tool for replicating ambulatory movement or physical activity, but super-contraction is not a means to accelerate postmortem muscle fatigue onset. Therefore, further refinement, such as longer EMS stimulation time, should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study of Lipid Profile for Mice Treated with Cyclophosphamide by HPLC-HRMS and Bioinformatics.","authors":"Ekaterina Demicheva, Fernando Jonathan Polanco Espino, Pavel Vedeneev, Vadim Shevyrin, Aleksey Buhler, Elena Mukhlynina, Olga Berdiugina, Alicia Del Carmen Mondragon, Alberto Cepeda Sáez, Aroa Lopez-Santamarina, Alejandra Cardelle-Cobas, Olga Solovyova, Irina Danilova, Jose Manuel Miranda, Elena Kovaleva","doi":"10.3390/metabo15010060","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15010060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Immunodeficiency conditions, which are characterized by reduced immune activity that promotes the development of chronic diseases, are needed for efficient monitoring. A promising area of monitoring and early diagnosis of immunodeficiency diseases is the determination of metabolic biomarkers in the blood. <b>Methods:</b> In this work, we identified a set of lipid biomarkers of immunodeficiency states by performing high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) analysis of blood plasma samples from mice and processing them with bioinformatics approaches. Potential biomarkers were selected through statistical analysis and further validated by MS/MS. <b>Conclusions:</b> As a result, 15 lipids were confirmed and selected as potential biomarkers of immunodeficiency states. The selected biomarkers can be further studied and serve as promising targets for the early diagnosis of immunodeficiency diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colostrum-Derived Melatonin Plus PEG Microspheres Modulate the Oxidative Metabolism of Human Colostrum Phagocytes.","authors":"Caroline G Silva, Viviane F Luz, Victor L Nunes, Ana B M Verzoto, Aron C de M Cotrim, Wagner B Dos Santos, Eduardo L França, Adenilda C Honorio-França","doi":"10.3390/metabo15010057","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15010057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Exogenous melatonin adsorbed onto PEG microspheres can modulate the functional activity of phagocytes in colostrum, but no data are available on the activity of melatonin found in colostrum. Therefore, the objective of this study was to extract melatonin from human colostrum, develop and characterize PEG microspheres with the extracted melatonin adsorbed onto them, and evaluate the effects of this system on the oxidative metabolism of colostrum phagocytes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty colostrum samples were collected; ten were used for melatonin extraction, while twenty were used to obtain phagocytes. Melatonin was extracted from the colostrum supernatant through affinity chromatography and quantified by ELISA. The polyethylene glycol microspheres produced were analyzed using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Oxidative metabolism was assessed by measuring the release of the superoxide anion and superoxide enzymes. A control was conducted using commercial melatonin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that PEG microspheres can adsorb melatonin. There was an increase in superoxide release in phagocytes incubated with colostrum-derived or synthetic melatonin. When exposed to bacteria, colostrum phagocytes treated with colostrum melatonin adsorbed to PEG microspheres exhibited increased superoxide, accompanied by a decrease in the release of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a lower SOD-to-superoxide ratio. In contrast, synthetic melatonin reduced the release of superoxide and increased the release of the enzyme and the SOD-to-superoxide ratio.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data highlight the importance of melatonin on cellular metabolism and suggest that colostrum-derived melatonin may be a more effective option for controlling oxidative metabolism, particularly during infectious processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Positive Regulatory Effect of DBT on Lipid Metabolism in Postpartum Dairy Cows.","authors":"Zheng Zhou, Kang Yong, Zhengzhong Luo, Zhenlong Du, Tao Zhou, Xiaoping Li, Xueping Yao, Liuhong Shen, Shumin Yu, Yixin Huang, Suizhong Cao","doi":"10.3390/metabo15010058","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15010058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The transition from a non-lactating to a lactating state is a critical period for lipid metabolism in dairy cows. Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT), stimulating energy metabolism, ameliorates diseases related to lipid metabolism disorders and is expected to be an effective supplement for alleviating excessive lipid mobilisation in periparturient dairy cows. This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplemental DBT on serum biochemical indices, faecal microbial communities, and plasma metabolites in dairy cows.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty cows were randomly divided into three groups: H-DBT group, L-DBT group, and control group. DBT administration was started on the day of calving and continued once daily for seven days. Faecal and blood samples were collected on calving day, 7 days after calving, and 14 days after calving. The levels of serum biochemical indices were measured at three time points in the three groups using commercial kits. Cows in the H-DBT group and control group were selected for metabolome and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our research shows that, in dairy cows 7 days postpartum, DBT significantly reduced serum 3-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) concentrations and the number of cows with BHB concentrations ≥ 1 mmol/L. Additionally, DBT increased serum total cholesterol contents at both 7 and 14 days postpartum. Analysis of the microbiota community showed that DBT modulated the composition and structure of the hindgut microbiota. Metabolomic analysis revealed decreased plasma acetylcarnitine, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, and BHB levels 7 days postpartum, whereas the TCA cycle was enhanced. At 14 days postpartum, DBT altered the plasma bile acid profile, especially glycine-conjugated bile acids, including GCDCA, GUDCA, and GDCA. Correlation analyses showed that the relative abundances of <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Solibacillus, Dorea</i>, and <i>Romboutsia</i> were strongly correlated with the differential metabolites, which is crucial for the beneficial effects of DBT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DBT improves energy status and lipid metabolism in postpartum dairy cows by modulating hindgut microbiota and serum lipid metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Center, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effects of Pre-Meal Whey Protein Microgel on Post-Prandial Glucometabolic and Amino Acid Response in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity.","authors":"Ian J Neeland, Luiz H de Gregório, Roberto Zagury, Bo Ahrén, Joel Neutel, Christian Darimont, John Corthesy, Yohan Grzywinski, Emilie Perrin, Maximilian von Eynatten, Odd Erik Johansen","doi":"10.3390/metabo15010061","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15010061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>: Whey protein (WP) consumption prior to a meal curbs appetite and reduces postprandial glucose (PPG) through stimulating endogenous GLP-1 secretion and insulin. <b>Methods</b>: We assessed the metabolic effects of a concentrated WP, using a new micelle-technology (WPM), in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight or obesity (NCT04639726). In a randomized-crossover design, participants performed two 240 min lunch meal (622 kcal) tests 7 ± 4 days apart. After an overnight fast and a standardized breakfast, 10 g (125 mL) WPM (40 kcal) or placebo (125 mL water, 0 kcal) was consumed 15 min ahead of the mixed-nutrient meal. Effects on PPG (primary endpoint), insulin, GLP-1, and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) were evaluated with frequent blood sampling. Changes in incremental areas under the concentration curve (iAUC) were compared using a mixed model. <b>Results</b>: Twenty-six individuals (14 females, mean ± SD age 62.0 ± 8.3 years, HbA1c 58 ± 12 mmol/mol/7.5 ± 1.1%, BMI 29.2 ± 4.8 kg/m²) completed both tests. WPM significantly reduced PPG iAUC_0-2h by 22% (<i>p</i> = 0.028), and iAUC_0-3h numerically by -18% (<i>p</i> = 0.090) vs. placebo. WPM also increased insulin iAUC_0-1h by 61% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and iAUC_0-3h by 30% (<i>p</i> = 0.004), respectively. Total GLP-1 iAUC_0-2h was enhanced by 66% (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Postprandial plasma BCAA patterns were characterized by a rapid increase and larger iAUC_0-2h (all <i>p</i> < 0.001) after WPM. No adverse events were ascribed to consuming WPM. <b>Conclusions</b>: A 125 mL pre-meal drink containing just 10 g WPM before a mixed meal reduced PPG and increased insulin, GLP-1, and BCAAs. WPM may therefore serve as a metabolic modulator in people with T2D living with overweight or obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}