Metabolites最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Mixtures of Emerging Pollutants and Drugs on Modulation of Biomarkers Related to Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Cancer.","authors":"Simona Manuguerra, Fabrizia Carli, Egeria Scoditti, Andrea Santulli, Amalia Gastaldelli, Concetta Maria Messina","doi":"10.3390/metabo14100559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14100559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Over time, the scientific community has developed a growing interest in the effects of mixtures of different compounds, for which there is currently no established evidence or knowledge, in relation to certain categories of xenobiotics. It is well known that exposure to pollutants causes oxidative stress, resulting in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can affect signaling pathways that regulate the cell cycle, apoptosis, energy balance, and cellular metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sub-lethal concentrations of mixtures of emerging pollutants and pharmaceuticals on the modulation of biomarkers related to toxicity, oxidative stress, and cancer. <b>Methods:</b> In this study, the hepatoma cell line HepG2 was exposed to increasing concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ether 47 (BDE-47), cadmium chloride (CdCl₂), and carbamazepine (CBZ), both individually and in mixtures, for 72 h to assess cytotoxicity using the MTT assay. The subsequent step, following the identification of the sub-lethal concentration, was to investigate the effects of exposure at the gene expression level, through the evaluation of molecular markers related to cell cycle and apoptosis (<i>p53</i>), oxidative stress (<i>NRF2</i>), conjugation and detoxification of xenobiotics (<i>CYP2C9</i> and <i>GST</i>), DNA damage (<i>RAD51</i> and <i>γH2AFX</i>), and SUMOylation processes (<i>SUMO1</i> and <i>UBC9</i>) in order to identify any potential alterations in pathways that are normally activated at the cellular level. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that contaminants tend to affect the enzymatic detoxification and antioxidant system, influencing DNA repair defense mechanisms involved in resistance to oxidative stress. The combined effect of the compounds at sub-lethal doses results in a greater activation of these pathways compared to exposure to each compound alone, thereby exacerbating their cytotoxicity. <b>Conclusions:</b> The biomarkers analyzed could contribute to the definition of early warning markers useful for environmental monitoring, while simultaneously providing insight into the toxicity and hazard levels of these substances in the environment and associated health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Metabolic Trajectory of Pig Feces Across Different Ages and Senescence.","authors":"Chuanmin Qiao, Chengzhong Liu, Ruipei Ding, Shumei Wang, Maozhang He","doi":"10.3390/metabo14100558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14100558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine models are increasingly recognized for their similarities to humans and have been utilized in disease modeling and organ grafting research. While extensive metabolomics studies have been conducted in swine, primarily focusing on conventional cohorts or specific animal models, the composition and functions of fecal metabolites in pigs across different age groups-particularly in the elderly-remain inadequately understood. In this study, an untargeted metabolomics approach was employed to analyze the fecal metabolomes of pigs at three distinct age stages: young (one year), middle-aged (four years), and elderly (eight years). The objective was to elucidate age-associated changes in metabolite composition and functionality under standardized rearing conditions. The untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed a diverse array of age-related metabolites. Notably, L-methionine sulfoxide levels were found to increase with age, whereas cytidine-5-monophosphate levels exhibited a gradual decline throughout the aging process. These metabolites demonstrated alterations across various biological pathways, including energy metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Collectively, the identified key metabolites, such as L-methionine sulfoxide and Cholecalciferol, may serve as potential biomarkers of senescence, providing valuable insights into the mechanistic understanding of aging in pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142516533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rats Exposed to Excess Sucrose During a Critical Period Develop Inflammation and Express a Secretory Phenotype of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.","authors":"Verónica Guarner-Lans, Elizabeth Soria-Castro, Agustina Cano-Martínez, María Esther Rubio-Ruiz, Gabriela Zarco, Elizabeth Carreón-Torres, Oscar Grimaldo, Vicente Castrejón-Téllez, Israel Pérez-Torres","doi":"10.3390/metabo14100555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14100555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neonatal rats that receive sucrose during a critical postnatal period (CP, days 12 to 28) develop hypertension by the time they reach adulthood. Inflammation might contribute to changes during this period and could be associated with variations in the vascular smooth muscle (VSMC) phenotype.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We studied changes in inflammatory pathways that could underlie the expression of the secretory phenotype in the VSMC in the thoracic aorta of rats that received sucrose during CP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed histological changes in the aorta and the expression of the COX-2, TLR4, iNOS, eNOS, MMP-2 and -9, and β- and α-actin, the quantities of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β using ELISA, and the levels of fatty acids using gas chromatography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The aortic wall presented disorganization, decellularization, and wavy elastic fibers and an increase in the lumen area. The α- and β-actin expressions were decreased, while COX-2, TLR4, TNF-α, and the activity of IL-6 were increased. Oleic acid was increased in CP in comparison to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is transient hypertension at the end of the CP that is accompanied by inflammation and a change in the phenotype of VSMC to the secretory phenotype. The inflammatory changes could act as epigenetic signals to determine the development of hypertension when animals reach adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silybin Meglumine Mitigates CCl₄-Induced Liver Fibrosis and Bile Acid Metabolism Alterations.","authors":"Xiaoxin Liu, Ninglin Xia, Qinwei Yu, Ming Jin, Zifan Wang, Xue Fan, Wen Zhao, Anqin Li, Zhenzhou Jiang, Luyong Zhang","doi":"10.3390/metabo14100556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14100556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Altered patterns of bile acids (BAs) are frequently present in liver fibrosis, and BAs function as signaling molecules to initiate inflammatory responses. Silybin meglumine (SLB-M) is widely used in treating various liver diseases including liver fibrosis. However, research on its effects on bile acid (BA) metabolism is limited. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of SLB-M on liver fibrosis and BA metabolism in a CCl₄-induced murine model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A murine liver fibrosis model was induced by CCl4. Fibrosis was evaluated using HE, picrosirius red, and Masson's trichrome staining. Liver function was assessed by serum and hepatic biochemical markers. Bile acid (BA) metabolism was analyzed using LC-MS/MS. Bioinformatics analyses, including PPI network, GO, and KEGG pathway analyses, were employed to explore molecular mechanisms. Gene expression alterations in liver tissue were examined via qRT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SLB-M treatment resulted in significant histological improvements in liver tissue, reducing collagen deposition and restoring liver architecture. Biochemically, SLB-M not only normalized serum liver enzyme levels (ALT, AST, TBA, and GGT) but also mitigated disruptions in both systemic and hepatic BA metabolism by increased unconjugated BAs like cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid but decreased conjugated BAs including taurocholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid, compared to that in CCl₄-induced murine model. Notably, SLB-M efficiently improved the imbalance of BA homeostasis in liver caused by CCl₄ via activating Farnesoid X receptor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore SLB-M decreased inflammatory response, reconstructed BA homeostasis possibly by regulating key pathways, and gene expressions in BA metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liraglutide Therapy in Obese Patients Alters Macrophage Phenotype and Decreases Their Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Release and Oxidative Stress Markers-A Pilot Study.","authors":"Łukasz Bułdak, Aleksandra Bołdys, Estera Skudrzyk, Grzegorz Machnik, Bogusław Okopień","doi":"10.3390/metabo14100554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14100554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b>: Obesity is one of the major healthcare challenges. It affects one in eight people around the world and leads to several comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and arterial hypertension. GLP-1 analogs have become major players in the therapy of obesity, leading to significant weight loss in patients. However, benefits resulting from their usage seem to be greater than simple appetite reduction and glucose-lowering potential. Recent data show better cardiovascular outcomes, which are connected with the improvements in the course of atherosclerosis. Macrophages are crucial cells in the forming and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Previously, it was shown that in vitro treatment with GLP-1 analogs can affect macrophage phenotype, but there is a paucity of in vivo data. <b>Objective</b>: To evaluate the influence of in vivo treatment with liraglutide on basic phenotypic and functional markers of macrophages. <b>Methods</b>: Basic phenotypic features were assessed (including inducible nitric oxide synthase, arginase 1 and mannose receptors), proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, TNFα) release, and oxidative stress markers (reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde) in macrophages obtained prior and after 3-month therapy with liraglutide in patients with obesity. <b>Results</b>: Three-month treatment with subcutaneous liraglutide resulted in the alteration of macrophage phenotype toward alternative activation (M2) with accompanying reduction in the TNFα release and diminished oxidative stress markers. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our results show that macrophages in patients treated with GLP-1 can alter their phenotype and function. Those findings may at least partly explain the pleiotropic beneficial cardiovascular effects seen in subjects treated with GLP-1 analogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Dietary Deficiencies in Folic Acid and Choline Change Metabolites Levels in Offspring after Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Faizan Anwar, Mary-Tyler Mosley, Paniz Jasbi, Jinhua Chi, Haiwei Gu, Nafisa M Jadavji","doi":"10.3390/metabo14100552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14100552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/objectives</b>: Ischemic stroke is a major health concern, and nutrition is a modifiable risk factor that can influence recovery outcomes. This study investigated the impact of maternal dietary deficiencies in folic acid (FADD) or choline (ChDD) on the metabolite profiles of offspring after ischemic stroke. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 32 mice (17 males and 15 females) were used to analyze sex-specific differences in response to these deficiencies. <b>Results</b>: At 1-week post-stroke, female offspring from the FADD group showed the greatest number of altered metabolites, including pathways involved in cholesterol metabolism and neuroprotection. At 4 weeks post-stroke, both FADD and ChDD groups exhibited significant disruptions in metabolites linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotransmission. <b>Conclusions</b>: These alterations were more pronounced in females compared to males, suggesting sex-dependent responses to maternal dietary deficiencies. The practical implications of these findings suggest that ensuring adequate maternal nutrition during pregnancy may be crucial for reducing stroke susceptibility and improving post-stroke recovery in offspring. Nutritional supplementation strategies targeting folic acid and choline intake could potentially mitigate the long-term adverse effects on metabolic pathways and promote better neurological outcomes. Future research should explore these dietary interventions in clinical settings to develop comprehensive guidelines for maternal nutrition and stroke prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial Abundance and Function Differ Across Muscle Within Species.","authors":"Con-Ning Yen, Jocelyn S Bodmer, Jordan C Wicks, Morgan D Zumbaugh, Michael E Persia, Tim H Shi, David E Gerrard","doi":"10.3390/metabo14100553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14100553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>: Mitochondria are considered the powerhouse of cells, and skeletal muscle cells are no exception. However, information regarding muscle mitochondria from different species is limited. <i>Methods</i>: Different muscles from cattle, pigs and chickens were analyzed for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), protein and oxygen consumption. <i>Results</i>: Bovine oxidative muscle mitochondria contain greater mtDNA (<i>p</i> < 0.05), protein (succinate dehydrogenase, SDHA, <i>p</i> < 0.01; citrate synthase, CS, <i>p</i> < 0.01; complex I, CI, <i>p</i> < 0.05), and oxygen consumption (<i>p</i> < 0.01) than their glycolytic counterpart. Likewise, porcine oxidative muscle contains greater mtDNA (<i>p</i> < 0.01), mitochondrial proteins (SDHA, <i>p</i> < 0.05; CS, <i>p</i> < 0.001; CI, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and oxidative phosphorylation capacity (OXPHOS, <i>p</i> < 0.05) in comparison to glycolytic muscle. However, avian oxidative skeletal muscle showed no differences in absolute mtDNA, SDHA, CI, complex II, lactate dehydrogenase, or glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase compared to their glycolytic counterpart. Even so, avian mitochondria isolated from oxidative muscles had greater OXPHOS capacity (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than glycolytic muscle. <i>Conclusions</i>: These data show avian mitochondria function is independent of absolute mtDNA content and protein abundance, and argue that multiple levels of inquiry are warranted to determine the wholistic role of mitochondria in skeletal muscle.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic and Immune Parameters in Pregnant Women with Impaired Glucose Metabolism-A Pilot Study.","authors":"Jelena Omazić, Andrijana Muller, Blaž Dumančić, Mirta Kadivnik, Jasna Aladrović, Lana Pađen, Kristina Kralik, Nikolina Brkić, Blaženka Dobrošević, Barbara Vuković, Jasenka Wagner","doi":"10.3390/metabo14100551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14100551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a public health problem with increasing prevalence. Analyses of metabolic and immune profiles have great potential for discovering new markers and mechanisms related to the development of GDM. We monitored 61 pregnant women during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy, including 13 pregnant women with GDM, 14 pregnant women with elevated glucose in the first trimester and 34 healthy pregnant women. A number of metabolic and immunological parameters were measured, including glucose, insulin, lipid status, fatty acids, lymphocyte profile, adiponectin, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-a. A higher number of T-helper lymphocytes and a higher ratio of helper/cytotoxic lymphocytes was found in the control group in the first trimester of pregnancy. Pregnant women whose glucose threshold values were measured in the first trimester, but who did not develop GDM, showed a higher percentage of neutrophils and a lower percentage of lymphocytes in the third trimester. Differences in polyunsaturated fatty acids levels were observed between healthy pregnant women and those with glucose metabolism disorders in the first trimester of pregnancy. The results of this pilot study demonstrate that there are differences in the profiles of T lymphocytes, NK cells and polyunsaturated fatty acids between the examined groups of pregnant women, which can serve as a direction for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142516531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Modal Investigation of Metabolism in Murine Breast Cancer Cell Lines Using Fluorescence Lifetime Microscopy and Hyperpolarized 13C-Pyruvate Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.","authors":"Sarah Erickson-Bhatt, Benjamin L Cox, Erin Macdonald, Jenu V Chacko, Paul Begovatz, Patricia J Keely, Suzanne M Ponik, Kevin W Eliceiri, Sean B Fain","doi":"10.3390/metabo14100550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14100550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Despite the role of metabolism in breast cancer metastasis, we still cannot predict which breast tumors will progress to distal metastatic lesions or remain dormant. This work uses metabolic imaging to study breast cancer cell lines (4T1, 4T07, and 67NR) with differing metastatic potential in a 3D collagen gel bioreactor system. <b>Methods</b>: Within the bioreactor, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HP-MRS) is used to image lactate/pyruvate ratios, while fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of endogenous metabolites measures metabolism at the cellular scale. <b>Results</b>: HP-MRS results showed no lactate peak for 67NR and a comparatively large lactate/pyruvate ratio for both 4T1 and 4T07 cell lines, suggestive of greater pyruvate utilization with greater metastatic potential. Similar patterns were observed using FLIM with significant increases in FAD intensity, redox ratio, and NAD(P)H lifetime. The lactate/pyruvate ratio was strongly correlated to NAD(P)H lifetime, consistent with the role of NADH as an electron donor for the glycolytic pathway, suggestive of an overall upregulation of metabolism (both glycolytic and oxidative), for the 4T07 and 4T1 cell lines compared to the non-metastatic 67NR cell line. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings support a complementary role for HP-MRS and FLIM enabled by a novel collagen gel bioreactor system to investigate metastatic potential and cancer metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142516532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Modulation of the Gut-Brain Axis: A Comprehensive Review of Dietary Interventions in Depression and Anxiety Management.","authors":"Mariana Merino Del Portillo, Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, Pablo Ruisoto, Manuel Jimenez, Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo, Ana Isabel Beltran-Velasco, Ismael Martínez-Guardado, Alejandro Rubio-Zarapuz, Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez, José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera","doi":"10.3390/metabo14100549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14100549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental health is an increasing topic of focus since more than 500 million people in the world suffer from depression and anxiety. In this multifactorial disorder, parameters such as inflammation, the state of the microbiota and, therefore, the patient's nutrition are receiving more attention. In addition, food products are the source of many essential ingredients involved in the regulation of mental processes, including amino acids, neurotransmitters, vitamins, and others. For this reason, this narrative review was carried out with the aim of analyzing the role of nutrition in depression and anxiety disorders. To reach the review aim, a critical review was conducted utilizing both primary sources, such as scientific publications and secondary sources, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases. The search was conducted in PsychINFO, MedLine (Pubmed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, and CinAhl. The results show a direct relationship between what we eat and the state of our nervous system. The gut-brain axis is a complex system in which the intestinal microbiota communicates directly with our nervous system and provides it with neurotransmitters for its proper functioning. An imbalance in our microbiota due to poor nutrition will cause an inflammatory response that, if sustained over time and together with other factors, can lead to disorders such as anxiety and depression. Changes in the functions of the microbiota-gut-brain axis have been linked to several mental disorders. It is believed that the modulation of the microbiome composition may be an effective strategy for a new treatment of these disorders. Modifications in nutritional behaviors and the use of ergogenic components are presented as important non-pharmacological interventions in anxiety and depression prevention and treatment. It is desirable that the choice of nutritional and probiotic treatment in individual patients be based on the results of appropriate biochemical and microbiological tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}