Metabolites最新文献

{"title":"Urine Metabolomic Patterns to Discriminate the Burnout Levels and Night-Shift-Related Stress in Healthcare Professionals.","authors":"Andreea Petra Ungur, Andreea-Iulia Socaciu, Maria Barsan, Armand Gabriel Rajnoveanu, Razvan Ionut, Carmen Socaciu, Lucia Maria Procopciuc","doi":"10.3390/metabo15040273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Burnout syndrome, which significantly impacts both individual and societal quality of life, is primarily characterized by three key criteria: depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and low personal accomplishment, all linked to work-related stress. <b>Purpose</b>: Comparative evaluation of urine metabolite patterns that may discriminate the burnout levels and the effects of night shifts on healthcare professionals. The Maslach Burnout Inventory survey was administered to 64 physicians and nurses working day and night shifts, with scores for each criterion recorded. <b>Methods</b>: Urine samples were collected, and metabolomic patterns were analyzed using UHPLC-QTOF-ESI+-MS technology. This analysis employed both untargeted and semi-targeted metabolomics, coupled with multivariate and ANOVA statistics, utilizing the online Metaboanalyst 6.0 platform. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLSDA) was performed, along with VIP values, Random Forest graphs, and heatmaps based on 79 identified metabolites. These were further complemented by biomarker analysis (AUC ranking) and pathway analysis of metabolic networks. <b>Results</b>: The findings highlighted the biochemical effects of night shifts and their correlation with burnout scores from each dimension. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study demonstrated the involvement of three major metabolic pathways in diagnosing burnout: lipid metabolism, particularly related to steroid hormones (cortisol, cortisone, and androsterone metabolites); energetic metabolism, involving long-chain acylated carnitines as transporters of free fatty acids, which play a role in burnout control; and a third pathway affecting catecholamine metabolism (neurotransmitters derived from tyrosine, such as dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline), as well as tryptophan metabolism (serotonin and melatonin metabolites) and amino acid metabolism (including aspartate, arginine, and valine).</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nephrological, Pulmonary, and Dermatological Complications in the Context of MAFLD/NAFLD: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Vlad Pădureanu, Dalia Dop, Lucrețiu Radu, Dumitru Rădulescu, Rodica Pădureanu, Denisa Floriana Vasilica Pîrșcoveanu, Daniel Cosmin Caragea","doi":"10.3390/metabo15040272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: The most common cause of chronic liver disease is now known to be non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently redefined as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the pathophysiology and clinical implications of nephrological, pulmonary, and dermatological manifestations among NAFLD/MAFLD patients. In order to find safe and efficient treatments, NAFLD/MAFLD has emerged as a primary concern for hepatologists worldwide. <b>Methods</b>: We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature from major databases, focusing on studies that evaluated the extrahepatic manifestations of NAFLD/MAFLD. Emphasis was placed on identifying pathophysiological mechanisms and assessing their clinical impact on renal, pulmonary, and dermatological systems. <b>Results</b>: Recent developments in the management of chronic viral hepatitis have lowered the mortality rate associated with chronic liver disease. However, the prevalence of NAFLD/MAFLD continues to rise, making chronic liver disease a significant health concern for the future. An increasing percentage of patients on liver transplant waiting lists now have cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma due to non-alcoholic liver disease. Furthermore, the incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease have surged, linking NAFLD/MAFLD to higher morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. <b>Conclusions</b>: NAFLD/MAFLD is underdiagnosed and underappreciated, yet its incidence is rapidly increasing, raising concerns about a potential global epidemic. Given its multisystemic impact-extending to renal, pulmonary, and dermatological complications-it is crucial to develop interdisciplinary strategies for early detection and effective management of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Lipid Profile and Kidney Function in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Regardless of Diabetes and Hypertension Status.","authors":"Selena Gajić, Stefan Janković, Milorad Stojadinović, Kristina Filić, Ana Bontić, Jelena Pavlović, Ivana Mrđa, Kristina Petrović, Lara Hadži-Tanović, Jelena Žunić, Mihajlo Kostić, Aleksandra Kezić, Marko Baralić","doi":"10.3390/metabo15040271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive, irreversible impairment of kidney function due to various etiologies. Numerous studies have shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) slow the progression of CKD, due to their pleiotropic effects. Therefore, there has been an increase in interest in their effects not only on kidney function but also on other parameters in patients with CKD. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of SGLT2i on serum lipid values and kidney function in patients with CKD undergoing SGLT2i treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a retrospective data analysis of 75 patients with CKD on SGLT2i treatment. We compared the values of biochemical parameters, renal function outcomes, and blood pressure at two time points: baseline and 24 months after.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total cholesterol (Chol) significantly decreased in all patients, while triglyceride (Tg) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) levels also decreased in all patients. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) levels increased, but this increase was not significant. Creatinine clearance (Ccr) significantly decreased, and serum urea (Sur) significantly increased in all patients. The proteinuria (Prt) levels did not change significantly. The results showed that the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) significantly decreased in all patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that the use of SGLT2i reduced total Chol in all patients with CKD during the 24-month follow-up, regardless of diabetes mellitus (DM) status. No significant differences were observed for the Tg, LDLc, and HDLc values.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Effects of Ketogenic Diet and Aerobic Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Fiber Remodeling and Metabolic Adaptation in Simulated Microgravity Mice.","authors":"Jun Chen, Wenjiong Li, Liang Yu, Bowei Zhang, Zhili Li, Peng Zou, Bai Ding, Xiaoqian Dai, Qirong Wang","doi":"10.3390/metabo15040270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Prolonged microgravity environments impair skeletal muscle homeostasis by triggering fiber-type transitions and metabolic dysregulation. Although exercise and nutritional interventions may alleviate disuse atrophy, their synergistic effects under microgravity conditions remain poorly characterized. This study investigated the effects of an 8-week ketogenic diet combined with aerobic exercise in hindlimb-unloaded mice on muscle fiber remodeling and metabolic adaptation. <b>Methods:</b> Seven-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six groups: normal diet control (NC), normal diet with hindlimb unloading (NH), normal diet with hindlimb unloading and exercise (NHE), ketogenic diet control (KC), ketogenic diet with hindlimb unloading (KH), and ketogenic diet with hindlimb unloading and exercise (KHE). During the last two weeks of intervention, hindlimb unloading was applied to simulate microgravity. Aerobic exercise groups performed moderate-intensity treadmill running (12 m/min, 60 min/day, and 6 days/week) for 8 weeks. Body weight, blood ketone, and glucose levels were measured weekly. Post-intervention assessments included the respiratory exchange ratio (RER), exhaustive exercise performance tests, and biochemical analyses of blood metabolic parameters. The skeletal muscle fiber-type composition was evaluated via immunofluorescence staining, lipid deposition was assessed using Oil Red O staining, glycogen content was analyzed by Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, and gene expression was quantified using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). <b>Results:</b> Hindlimb unloading significantly decreased body weight, induced muscle atrophy, and reduced exercise endurance in mice. However, the combination of KD and aerobic exercise significantly attenuated these adverse effects, as evidenced by increased proportions of oxidative muscle fibers (MyHC-I) and decreased proportions of glycolytic fibers (MyHC-IIb). Additionally, this combined intervention upregulated the expression of lipid metabolism-associated genes, including CPT-1b, HADH, PGC-1α, and FGF21, enhancing lipid metabolism and ketone utilization. These metabolic adaptations corresponded with improved exercise performance, demonstrated by the increased time to exhaustion in the KHE group compared to other hindlimb unloading groups. <b>Conclusions:</b> The combination of a ketogenic diet and aerobic exercise effectively ameliorates simulated microgravity-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and endurance impairment, primarily by promoting a fiber-type transition from MyHC-IIb to MyHC-I and enhancing lipid metabolism gene expression (CPT-1b, HADH, and PGC-1α). These findings underscore the potential therapeutic value of combined dietary and exercise interventions for mitigating muscle atrophy under simulated microgravity conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics Insights into Gut Microbiota and Functional Constipation.","authors":"Fan Zheng, Yong Yang, Guanting Lu, Joo Shun Tan, Uma Mageswary, Yu Zhan, Mina Ehab Ayad, Yeong-Yeh Lee, Daoyuan Xie","doi":"10.3390/metabo15040269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota play a crucial role in various health conditions, including the occurrence and development of chronic constipation. Recent metabolomic advances reveal that gut microbiota-derived metabolites-such as SCFAs, bile acids, neurotransmitters, and microbial gases-play critical roles in regulating intestinal function. <b>Methods:</b> We systematically analyzed the current literature on microbial metabolomics in chronic constipation. This review consolidates findings from high-throughput metabolomic techniques (GC-MS, LC-MS, NMR) comparing metabolic profiles of constipated patients with healthy individuals. It also examines diagnostic improvements and personalized treatments, including fecal microbiota transplantation and neuromodulation, guided by these metabolomic insights. <b>Results:</b> This review shows that reduced SCFA levels impair intestinal motility and promote inflammation. An altered bile acid metabolism-with decreased secondary bile acids like deoxycholic acid-disrupts receptor-mediated signaling, further affecting motility. Additionally, imbalances in amino acid metabolism and neurotransmitter production contribute to neuromuscular dysfunction, while variations in microbial gas production (e.g., methane vs. hydrogen) further modulate gut transit. <b>Conclusions:</b> Integrating metabolomics with gut microbiota research clarifies how specific microbial metabolites regulate gut function. These insights offer promising directions for precision diagnostics and targeted therapies to restore microbial balance and improve intestinal motility.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Inflammation to Infertility: How Oxidative Stress and Infections Disrupt Male Reproductive Health.","authors":"Anastasios Potiris, Efthalia Moustakli, Eleni Trismpioti, Eirini Drakaki, Despoina Mavrogianni, Alkis Matsas, Athanasios Zikopoulos, Antonios Sfakianakis, Ioannis Tsakiridis, Themistoklis Dagklis, Athanasios Zachariou, Panagiotis Christopoulos, Ekaterini Domali, Peter Drakakis, Sofoklis Stavros","doi":"10.3390/metabo15040267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Inflammation, infections, and oxidative stress (OS) all have an impact on male infertility, which is a complicated, multifaceted illness. OS affects motility and fertilization capability. It accomplishes this through damaging sperm DNA, oxidizing proteins, and triggering lipid peroxidation. These effects occur due to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review aims to evaluate the impact of oxidative stress and inflammation on male infertility by assessing recent literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pro-inflammatory cytokines, like TNF-α and IL-6, interfere with spermatogenesis and promote oxidative damage. Additionally, infections caused by pathogens like <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Chlamydia trachomatis alter the reproductive microenvironment, leading to sperm dysfunction and inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early detection and targeted treatment are essential due to the intricate interactions among these elements. Microbiota-modulating techniques, antimicrobial therapies, anti-inflammatory drugs, and antioxidants are therapeutic approaches that may help reduce oxidative damage and enhance male fertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effects of Turmeric Secondary Metabolites Across Resorptive Bone Diseases.","authors":"Laura E Wright, Jennifer B Frye, Andrew G Kunihiro, Barbara N Timmermann, Janet L Funk","doi":"10.3390/metabo15040266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa</i> L.) rhizomes, whose secondary metabolites include polyphenols and terpenoids, have been used medicinally for millennia. However, modern scientific inquiry has primarily focused on medicinal effects of turmeric's polyphenolic curcuminoids, including when evaluating turmeric use to maintain bone health. <b>Methods</b>: Disease-specific biological effects of turmeric's major secondary metabolites (polyphenols and/or terpenoids), with or without associated turmeric rhizome-derived polysaccharides, were determined in vivo using pre-clinical models of clinically relevant resorptive bone diseases induced by different mechanisms. These included inflammatory arthritis, cancer-driven osteolytic bone metastases, and hormone deficiency-driven post-menopausal osteoporosis. <b>Results</b>: In the arthritis model, the safety profile of curcuminoids alone was superior. However, curcuminoids and terpenoids each had anti-inflammatory effects and prevented bone resorption, with polysaccharide-containing curcuminoid extracts having greater effect than curcuminoids alone. In the human osteolytic breast cancer bone metastases model, curcuminoid extracts containing polysaccharides tended to yield greater effects in reducing bone osteolysis and tumor progression than curcuminoids alone or more complex extracts. In contrast, only purified curcuminoids prevented bone loss in a post-menopausal osteoporosis model, while polysaccharide-containing curcuminoid extracts were without effect. In vitro metabolite effects on disease-specific mechanistic pathways in synoviocytes, osteoclasts, or breast cancer cells were consistent with documented in vivo outcomes and included differential metabolite-specific effects. <b>Conclusions</b>: In summary, these findings suggest that turmeric's potential medicinal musculoskeletal effects are complex, pathway- and target-specific, and not limited to curcuminoids, with safety concerns potentially limiting certain uses.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Evaluation of Colour Change in Rosemary and Biluochun Tea Infusions.","authors":"Yuan Yuan, Caochuang Fang, Chaohan Li, Jiaqi You, Kun Ma","doi":"10.3390/metabo15040265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The colour of tea beverages during processing and storage significantly influences their visual quality. However, natural pink tea products are rare. This study investigated the mechanism behind the pink colouration in the mixed infusion of Biluochun (a green tea) and rosemary.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Infusions of Biluochun (B), rosemary (R), and their mixture (BR), brewed with boiling water for 10 min, were analysed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Additionally, the pH value and tea pigment content were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 134 differential metabolites (DEMs) were detected. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that phenylalanine metabolism and tyrosine metabolism pathways were enriched with abundant DEMs. Some amino acids in BR showed degradation. The content of pelargonin, a compound in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, was significantly elevated in BR compared to that in B and R. DEMs related to fatty acid metabolism were at low levels in BR. Other compounds, such as quercetin, caffeate, rosmarinic acid, and isoferulic acid, were also more abundant in BR. No significant differences in pH value and tea pigment content were found among the three infusions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A model of pink colouration formation in BR was proposed based on the results of this study. Some substances in Biluochun and rosemary were released during the brewing process. Tyrosine was converted into p-coumaric acid, which further reacted to form pelargonin. Pelargonin, an orange-red (pH ≈ 5.0) anthocyanin, was the primary contributor to the pink colouration in BR. Additionally, p-coumaric acid formed co-pigments such as quercetin, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and isovaleric acid. These co-pigments stabilised or enhanced the colour of pelargonin through co-pigmentation. The findings provide a theoretical basis for optimising tea processing techniques and improving quality control in beverage production.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Inhibitory Effects of Three Endophytic <i>Bacillus</i> Strains on <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> in Maize.","authors":"Siyu Ma, Min Li, Siqi Zhang, Yin Yang, Fengsha Zhu, Xingyu Li, Shahzad Munir, Pengfei He, Pengbo He, Yixin Wu, Yueqiu He, Ping Tang","doi":"10.3390/metabo15040268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maize is easily contaminated by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>, and the aflatoxin produced by <i>A. flavus</i> has been classified as a Group 1 carcinogen, for which there are currently no effective control measures. Biological control is regarded as an environmentally friendly and safe approach. Strains ZH179, ZH409, and ZH99 are three bacteria isolated from our laboratory that exhibit antagonistic effects against <i>A. flavus</i>. We conducted experiments to investigate their biocontrol efficacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The experimental results demonstrated that these three strains effectively inhibited <i>A. flavus</i> on plates and stored maize seeds. Identification revealed that ZH179 is <i>Bacillus velezensis</i>, while ZH409 and ZH99 are <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i>. We also identified lipopeptide synthetase-related genes, including <i>srfAA</i>, <i>srfAD</i>, <i>fenA</i>, <i>fenB</i>, <i>ituA</i>, <i>ituB</i>, <i>ituD</i>, <i>bmyA</i>, <i>bmyB</i>, and <i>bmyC</i>, in these three strains. Furthermore, LC-MS analysis confirmed that these strains could produce lipopeptide compounds such as surfactin, fengycin, iturin, and bacillomycin. Using the Oxford cup method, we found that the lipopeptide compounds produced by these strains can inhibit the growth of <i>A. flavus</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that strains ZH179, ZH409, and ZH99 have good control effects on <i>A. flavus</i> during the storage of maize, primarily due to the lipopeptide compounds. This study provides a theoretical basis for using these three strains in the biological control of <i>A. flavus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Plant Resistance to Sri Lankan Cassava Mosaic Virus Using Salicylic Acid.","authors":"Chonnipa Pattanavongsawat, Srihunsa Malichan, Nattachai Vannatim, Somruthai Chaowongdee, Nuannapa Hemniam, Atchara Paemanee, Wanwisa Siriwan","doi":"10.3390/metabo15040261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Cassava mosaic disease (CMD), caused by the Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV), significantly increases cassava yield losses in Thailand, with losses ranging from 30% to 80%, and is exacerbated by limited access to healthy planting materials. <b>Methods:</b> This study explored salicylic acid (SA) as a potential treatment for enhancing disease resistance in CMD infected cassava plants. SA was applied at 100 and 200 mg/mL, and its effects were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and reverse transcription qPCR (RT-qPCR) to measure viral loads and the expression levels of resistance genes. <b>Results:</b> Although SA treatment did not considerably affect disease severity, foliar CMD symptoms visibly decreased, particularly with 200 mg/mL SA, which also reduced SLCMV particle counts at 1- and 2-weeks post-treatment. SA upregulated the expression of pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs), including <i>HSP90.9</i>, <i>WRKY59</i>, <i>SRS1</i>, and <i>PR9e</i>. Additionally, SA enhanced the regulation of secondary metabolite pathways involving L-serine within the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, as well as the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings collectively indicate that SA enhances resistance through the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) pathway and can serve as a potential strategy for the management of CMD, particularly in regions where healthy cassava planting materials are scarce. The study highlights the efficacy of SA in reducing viral particles, inducing the immune response, and providing a promising approach for controlling CMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}