Metabolites最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Mechanism of Luteolin in Protecting Chickens from Ammonia Poisoning Based on Proteomic Technology.","authors":"Yu Jin, Azi Shama, Haojinming Tang, Ting Zhao, Xinyu Zhang, Falong Yang, Dechun Chen","doi":"10.3390/metabo15050326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15050326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ammonia (NH₃), a harmful gas, reduces livestock productivity, threatens their health, and causes economic losses. Luteolin (Lut), an anti-inflammatory flavonoid, may counteract these effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study explored luteolin's protective mechanisms on chicken splenic lymphocytes under ammonia stress using a simulation model and four-dimensional fast data-independent acquisition (4D-FastDIA) proteomics. We identified 316 proteins, with 69 related to ammonia's negative effects and 247 to Lut's protection. Thirty differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were common to both groups, with 27 showing counter-regulation with Lut.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed DEPs enriched in molecular responses to interferons and the negative regulation of immune responses, mainly located extracellularly. Molecular function analysis revealed DEPs in antigen binding and synthase activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis linked DEPs to pathways like estrogen signaling, NOD-like receptor signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and JAK-STAT signaling. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results indicated that the mRNA levels of Interferon Alpha and Beta Receptor subunit 2 (IFNAR2) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1) were trending downward. This observation was in strong agreement with the downregulation noted in the proteomics analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lut's protective role against ammonia's adverse effects on chicken splenic lymphocytes is linked to the modulation of key signaling pathways, offering insights for further research on treating ammonia exposure with Lut.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Dexamethasone-Mediated Atrophy on Mitochondrial Function and BCAA Metabolism During Insulin Resistance in C2C12 Myotubes.","authors":"Kayla J Ragland, Kipton B Travis, Emmalie R Spry, Toheed Zaman, Pamela M Lundin, Roger A Vaughan","doi":"10.3390/metabo15050322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15050322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Muscle loss during sarcopenia and atrophy is also commonly associated with age-related insulin resistance. Interestingly, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) which are known for stimulating muscle protein synthesis are commonly elevated during insulin resistance and sarcopenic obesity. <b>Objectives</b>: This study investigated the effects of the interplay between atrophy and insulin resistance on insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial metabolism, and BCAA catabolic capacity in a myotube model of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. <b>Methods</b>: C2C12 myotubes were treated with dexamethasone to induce atrophy. Insulin resistance was induced via hyperinsulinemia. Gene and expression were measured using qRT-PCR and Western blot, while mitochondrial and lipid content were assessed using fluorescent staining. Cell metabolism was analyzed via Seahorse metabolic assays. <b>Results</b>: Both dexamethasone-induced atrophy and insulin resistance independently reduced insulin-stimulated pAkt levels, as well as mitochondrial function and content. However, neither treatment affected gene or protein expression associated with mitochondrial biogenesis or content. Although dexamethasone independently reduced insulin sensitivity in otherwise previously insulin-sensitive cells, dexamethasone had no significant effect on extracellular BCAA content. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings indicate the metabolic interplay between atrophy and insulin resistance and demonstrate that both can reduce mitochondrial function, though only limited effects were observed on indicators of BCAA catabolism and utilization. This emphasizes the need for future studies to investigate the mechanisms that underlie atrophy and other metabolic disorders to develop new interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma Metabolic Outliers Identified in Estonian Human Knockouts.","authors":"Ketian Yu, Estonian Biobank Research Team, Karol Estrada, Tõnu Esko, Mart Kals, Tiit Nikopensius, Jaanika Kronberg, Urmo Võsa, Arthur Wuster, Lorenzo Bomba","doi":"10.3390/metabo15050323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15050323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Metabolomics, in combination with genetic data, is a powerful approach to study the biochemical consequences of genetic variation. We assessed the impact of human gene knockouts (KOs) on the metabolite levels of Estonia Biobank (EstBB) participants and integrated the results with electronic health record data. <b>Methods:</b> In 150,000 EstBB genotyped participants, we identified 723 KOs with 152 different predicted loss of function (pLoF) variants in 115 genes. For those KOs and 258 controls, 1387 metabolites were profiled using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. <b>Results:</b> We identified 48 associations linking rare pLoF variants in 22 genes to 43 metabolites. Out of 48 associations, 27 (56%) were found in genes that cause inborn errors of metabolism. The top associations identified in our analysis included genes and metabolites involved in the degradation pathway of the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine (<i>DPYD</i> and <i>UPB1</i>). We found <i>DPYD</i> gene KOs to be associated with elevated levels of Uracil, confirming that DPD-deficiency is a leading cause of severe 5-Fluorouracil toxicity. Overall, 54% of reported associations are gene targets of approved drugs or bioactive drug-like compounds. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings contribute to assessing the impact of human KOs on metabolite levels and offer insights into gene functions, disease mechanism, and drug target validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Postharvest Metabolic Shifts and NOX2 Inhibitory Potential in Strawberry Fruits and Leaves via Untargeted LC-MS/MS and Chemometric Analysis.","authors":"Georgia Ladika, Paris Christodoulou, Eftichia Kritsi, Thalia Tsiaka, Georgios Sotiroudis, Dionisis Cavouras, Vassilia J Sinanoglou","doi":"10.3390/metabo15050321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15050321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Strawberries are highly appreciated for their rich phytochemical composition, but rapid postharvest deterioration limits their shelf life and nutritional quality. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic changes occurring in both strawberry fruits and leaves during storage and to evaluate the NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) inhibitory potential of strawberry-derived metabolites. <b>Methods:</b> Untargeted LC-MS/MS analysis was conducted on fruit and leaf tissues stored at 8 ± 0.5 °C. A total of 37 metabolites were identified, including organic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. Multivariate statistical analyses (ANOVA, PLS-DA, and volcano plots) were used to assess temporal and tissue-specific metabolic shifts. Additionally, a machine learning-based predictive model was applied to evaluate the NOX2 inhibitory potential of 24 structurally characterized metabolites. <b>Results:</b> Storage induced significant and tissue-specific metabolic changes. In fruits, malic acid, caffeic acid, and quercetin-3-glucuronide showed notable variations, while ellagic acid aglycone and galloylquinic acid emerged as prominent markers in leaves. The predictive model identified 21 out of 24 metabolites as likely NOX2 inhibitors, suggesting potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivity. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings provide new insights into postharvest biochemical dynamics in both strawberry fruits and leaves. The results highlight the value of leaves as a source of bioactive compounds and support their potential valorization in functional food and nutraceutical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Trajectory of Free Fatty Acids in Pregnancy According to First-Trimester Maternal Metabolic Status and the Presence of Gestational Diabetes.","authors":"Otilia Perichart-Perera, Isabel González-Ludlow, Omar Piña-Ramírez, Maricruz Tolentino-Dolores, Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez, Sandra B Parra-Hernández, Maribel Sánchez-Martínez, Omar Granados-Portillo, Ameyalli M Rodríguez-Cano","doi":"10.3390/metabo15050320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15050320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Maternal free fatty acids (FFAs) play a critical role in maternal metabolism, fetal growth, and pregnancy outcomes. However, their relationship with maternal metabolic status in early pregnancy and the subsequent development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Assess the trajectory of FFA concentrations during pregnancy, considering first-trimester metabolic status (obesity, insulin resistance-IR) and the development of GDM, and evaluate whether first-trimester FFA is a relevant risk factor for GDM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study nested within the OBESO cohort (Mexico City, pregnant women and their children), classified women according to first-trimester metabolic status (pregestational body mass index-pBMI, insulin resistance homeostasis model assessment-HOMA-IR > 1.6), as well as the presence of GDM: Group 1 (normal weight without IR, n = 60), Group 2 (obesity without IR, no GDM, n = 20), Group 3 (obesity with IR, no GDM, n = 20), and Group 4 (obesity with IR, with GDM, n = 9). FFA concentrations were measured each trimester. Statistical analyses included repeated measures ANOVA and logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FFA concentrations were the highest in Group 4 across all trimesters (<i>p</i> < 0.05). FFAs decreased throughout pregnancy in all groups (<i>p</i> = 0.023), with the most significant decline from the first to the third trimester (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The greatest reduction occurred in Group 4 (<i>p</i> < 0.001), followed by Group 3. Multivariate logistic regression showed no association between first-trimester FFAs and the development of GDM. Higher gestational weight gain was associated with a higher GDM risk (OR: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.01-1.48), when the FFAs difference was accounted for.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FFA levels are higher in women with GDM compared with women with obesity or a normal weight. However, FFAs progressively decline from the first to the third trimester, with the most pronounced decrease in women with obesity, IR, and GDM.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Analysis of Small RNA Modifications in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and Their Dynamics During Seed Germination.","authors":"Liu-Cheng Jiang, Meng Men, Xuan-Jun Cui, Ren-Jie Zeng, Shu-Yi Gu, Tian Feng, Chen Zeng, Tiantian Ye, Jun Xiong, Bi-Feng Yuan, Yu-Qi Feng","doi":"10.3390/metabo15050319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15050319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Small RNA, defined as RNA molecules of less than 200 nucleotides in length, play pivotal regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and environmental stress responses. However, research on modifications in plant small RNA remains limited. <b>Methods</b>: In this study, we developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous detection of 41 RNA modifications, facilitating the systematic qualification and quantification of modifications in plant small RNA. <b>Results</b>: We identified a total of nine modifications, among which <i>N</i>⁶,<i>N</i>⁶-dimethyladenosine (m^6,6A) is a newly identified modification in plant small RNA. Furthermore, we conducted a quantitative analysis of these modifications in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> during the germination process and observed significant dynamic changes in their abundance from 1 to 5 days post-germination. Notably, the trends in the contents of these modifications exhibited a strong correlation with the reported gene expression levels of the relevant modifying enzymes and demodifying enzymes, suggesting that these modifications may play essential roles during seed germination and are tightly regulated by the genes of the corresponding enzymes. <b>Conclusions</b>: The discovery of these modifications in plant small RNA, coupled with the dynamic changes in their levels during germination, holds great promise for a further understanding of the physiological functions of small RNA modifications and their associated regulatory mechanisms in plant seed germination.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty Liver and Hyperuricemia in Workers: Combined Effects on Metabolic Dysfunction and the Role of Lifestyle Factors.","authors":"Jui-Hua Huang, Ren-Hau Li, Hon-Ke Sia, Feng-Cheng Tang","doi":"10.3390/metabo15050318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15050318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Fatty liver and hyperuricemia are growing public health concerns linked to unhealthy lifestyles, yet their combined effects in working populations remain underexplored. This study investigates their associations with metabolic risk factors, inflammation, and liver dysfunction to inform workplace health strategies. <b>Methods</b>: The participants were employees aged 20 or older from four industrial enterprises located in central Taiwan. A total of 3089 participants (2571 males, 518 females) were analyzed. Lifestyle factors were assessed via a self-administered questionnaire, fatty liver was diagnosed using ultrasound, and serum uric acid levels, metabolic parameters, inflammatory markers, and liver function were measured. <b>Results</b>: The prevalence of fatty liver (43.2%) exceeded that of hyperuricemia (25.5%), with a higher burden among males. Fatty liver was associated with lower physical activity, while alcohol consumption was significantly higher in individuals with both conditions. Both conditions correlated with increased metabolic risk factors, liver dysfunction, and inflammation. Health-related risk factors were compared across four groups, using Group A (no hyperuricemia/no fatty liver, OR = 1.00) as the reference. The risk of metabolic syndrome increased progressively: 2.90 (Group B: hyperuricemia/no fatty liver), 6.15 (Group C: no hyperuricemia/fatty liver), and 11.52 (Group D: hyperuricemia/fatty liver), following the trend A < B < C < D. Notably, Group D had the highest risk, with exacerbated inflammation and liver dysfunction. <b>Conclusions</b>: Fatty liver and hyperuricemia synergistically worsen metabolic disorders, inflammation, and liver dysfunction. Early detection and lifestyle interventions are crucial to mitigating long-term health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Maillard Reaction Products on Skeletal Muscle Cells: An In Vitro Study Using C2C12 Myotubes.","authors":"Marina Miyaki, Yusuke Komiya, Itsuki Sumiya, Rina Yamaguchi, Moeka Kuno, Chika Kojima, Ryosuke Makino, Takahiro Suzuki, Yoshihiro Suzuki, Issei Yokoyama, Keizo Arihara","doi":"10.3390/metabo15050316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15050316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Maillard reaction products (MRPs) are known for their antioxidant properties; however, their effects on muscle cells remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the effects of MRPs on muscle hypertrophy and atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. <b>Methods</b>: MRPs were prepared by heating L-lysine and D-glucose, and their antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Subsequently, mouse C2C12 myoblasts were cultured with MRPs until myotubes formed, and their diameters were measured to assess hypertrophic and atrophic changes. Akt phosphorylation was evaluated by Western blotting, and gene expression levels were analyzed via quantitative PCR. <b>Results</b>: The prepared MRPs exhibited high antioxidant activity in the DPPH radical scavenging assay. MRP treatment significantly increased the average myotube diameter by approximately 40% and enlarged the largest myotube diameter by up to 80%, potentially mediated by enhanced Akt phosphorylation. Under dexamethasone-induced atrophy, MRPs modestly attenuated the reduction in myotube diameter by approximately 20%, although the effect was not statistically significant, and did not significantly alter the fusion index either. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that MRP treatment significantly reduced the mRNA expression of <i>Nfe2l2</i>, a key regulator of antioxidant response, whereas it had no notable effects on the expression of genes related to myoblast proliferation (<i>Myod1</i>), differentiation (<i>Myog</i>), hypertrophy (<i>Igf1</i>), atrophy (<i>Foxo1</i> and <i>Trim63</i>), and oxidative stress (<i>Cat</i>, <i>Gclc</i>, and <i>Nqo1</i>). <b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings suggested that MRPs possess antioxidant activity and promote myotube hypertrophy via Akt signaling. This study highlighted the potential of MRPs as functional ingredients for promoting muscle health, though further in vivo studies are required to validate their physiological relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Data-Driven Approach to Link GC-MS and LC-MS with Sensory Attributes of Chicken Bouillon with Added Yeast-Derived Flavor Products in a Combined Prediction Model.","authors":"Simon Leygeber, Carmen Diez-Simon, Justus L Großmann, Anne-Charlotte Dubbelman, Amy C Harms, Johan A Westerhuis, Doris M Jacobs, Peter W Lindenburg, Margriet M W B Hendriks, Brenda C H Ammerlaan, Marco A van den Berg, Rudi van Doorn, Roland Mumm, Age K Smilde, Robert D Hall, Thomas Hankemeier","doi":"10.3390/metabo15050317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15050317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a continuous demand to create new, superior sensory food experiences. In the food industry, yeast-derived flavor products (YPs) are often used as ingredients in foods to create new aromas and taste qualities that are appreciated by consumers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chicken bouillon samples containing diverse YPs were chemically and sensorially characterized using statistical multivariate analyses. The sensory evaluation was performed using quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) by trained panelists. Thirty-four sensory attributes were scored, including odor, flavor, mouthfeel, aftertaste and afterfeel. Untargeted metabolomic profiles were obtained using stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) coupled to GC-MS, RPLC-MS and targeted HILIC-MS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 261 volatiles were detected using GC-MS, from chemical groups of predominantly aldehydes, esters, pyrazines and ketones. Random Forest (RF) modeling revealed volatiles associated with roast odor (2-ethyl-5-methyl pyrazine, 2,3,5-trimethyl-6-isopentyl pyrazine) and chicken odor (2,4-nonadienal, 2,4-decadienal, 2-acetyl furan), which could be predicted by our combined model with R² > 0.5. In total, 2305 non-volatiles were detected for RPLC-MS and 34 for targeted HILIC-MS, where fructose-isoleucine and cyclo-leucine-proline were found to correlate with roast flavor and odor. Furthermore, a list of metabolites (glutamate, monophosphates, methionyl-leucine) was linked to umami-related flavor. This study describes a straightforward data-driven approach for studying foods with added YPs to identify flavor-impacting correlations between molecular composition and sensory perception. It also highlights limitations and preconditions for good prediction models. Overall, this study emphasizes a matrix-based approach for the prediction of food taste, which can be used to analyze foods for targeted flavor design or quality control.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Chen et al. Metabolomics-Based Study on the Anticonvulsant Mechanism of <i>Acorus tatarinowii</i>: GABA Transaminase Inhibition Alleviates PTZ-Induced Epilepsy in Rats. <i>Metabolites</i> 2025, <i>15</i>, 175.","authors":"Liang Chen, Jiaxin Li, Chengwei Fang, Jiepeng Wang","doi":"10.3390/metabo15050315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15050315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Error in Figure [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}