Metabolites最新文献

{"title":"Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Characteristic Functional Components in Pigeon Eggs.","authors":"Rui Zhang, Lingling Chang, Xinyue Shen, Qingping Tang, Chunyu Mu, Shengyong Fu, Zhu Bu","doi":"10.3390/metabo15020122","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15020122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to identify the characteristic functional components of pigeon eggs and the differences among pigeon, chicken, and quail eggs. We analyzed the metabolite profiles of three kinds of eggs using an untargeted metabolomics-based approach to better understand the differences in metabolites among pigeon, chicken, and quail eggs. Then, we quantitatively validated the differences in abundance of partial metabolites through a targeted metabolomics-based approach. A total of 692 metabolites were identified in the three types of eggs. A total of 263 significantly differentially abundant metabolites were found between pigeon eggs and chicken eggs, and 263 significantly differentially abundant metabolites were found between pigeon eggs and quail eggs. The metabolites that were significantly more abundant in pigeon eggs than in other eggs were mainly lipids, lipid-like molecules, nucleosides, nucleotides, and their analogues. We identified the eight metabolites that were significantly greater in abundance in pigeon eggs than in chicken eggs and quail eggs and quantitatively validated the differences in abundance of these metabolites. Our study demonstrates that there are more functional components in pigeon eggs than chicken eggs and quail eggs, especially for the prevention and treatment of various disordered glucose and lipid metabolism-related diseases. The discovery of these differentially abundant metabolites paves the way for further research on the unique nutritional functions of pigeon eggs and the further utilization of pigeon egg products.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifluid Metabolomics Identifies Novel Biomarkers for Irritable Bowel Syndrome.","authors":"Daniel Kirk, Panayiotis Louca, Ilias Attaye, Xinyuan Zhang, Kari E Wong, Gregory A Michelotti, Mario Falchi, Ana M Valdes, Frances M K Williams, Cristina Menni","doi":"10.3390/metabo15020121","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15020121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex disorder affecting 10% of the global population, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. By integrating multifluid metabolomics, we aimed to identify metabolite markers of IBS in a large population-based cohort. <b>Methods</b>: We included individuals from TwinsUK with and without IBS, ascertained using the Rome III criteria, and analysed serum (232 cases, 1707 controls), urine (185 cases, 1341 controls), and stool (186 cases, 1284 controls) metabolites (Metabolon Inc.). <b>Results</b>: After adjusting for covariates, and multiple testing, 44 unique metabolites (25 novel) were associated with IBS, including lipids, amino acids, and xenobiotics. Androsterone sulphate, a sulfated steroid hormone precursor, was associated with lower odds of IBS in both urine (0.69 [95% confidence interval = 0.56-0.85], <i>p</i> = 2.34 × 10^-4) and serum (0.75 [0.63-0.90], <i>p</i> = 1.54 × 10^-3. Moreover, suberate (C8-DC) was associated with higher odds of IBS in serum (1.36 [1.15-1.61]; <i>p</i> = 1.84 × 10^-4) and lower odds of IBS in stool (0.76 [0.63-0.91]; <i>p</i> = 2.30 × 10^-3). On the contrary, 32 metabolites appeared to be fluid-specific, including indole, 13-HODE + 9-HODE, pterin, bilirubin (E,Z or Z,Z), and urolithin. The remaining 10 metabolites were associated with IBS in one fluid with suggestive evidence (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in another fluid. Finally, we identified androgenic signalling, dicarboxylates, haemoglobin, and porphyrin metabolism to be significantly over-represented in individuals with IBS compared to controls. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our results highlight the utility of a multi-fluid approach in IBS research, revealing distinct metabolic signatures across biofluids.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadly Targeted Metabolomics Analysis of Differential Metabolites Between <i>Bupleurum chinense</i> DC. and <i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd.","authors":"Min Li, Quanfang Zhang, Tongshan Zhu, Guoxia Liu, Wenxiao Chen, Yanli Chen, Xun Bu, Zhifeng Zhang, Yongqing Zhang","doi":"10.3390/metabo15020119","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15020119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Bupleuri Radix is a plant in the Apiaceae family <i>Bupleurum Chinense</i> DC. or <i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd. root. The dissimilarities in the metabolite profiles of plants directly correlate with the disparities in their clinical efficacy. <b>Methods</b>: Therefore, the wild <i>Bupleurum Chinense</i> DC. (YBC) and wild <i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd. (YNC) were used as research materials. They were analyzed using the UPLC-MS/MS and the similarities and differences were uncovered based on differential metabolites. <b>Results:</b> Our results proved that the differences in clinical efficacy between YBC and YNC may be attributed to their distinct metabolite profiles, as follows: (1) a total of 12 classes of 2059 metabolites were identified in the roots, with phenolic acids, terpenoids, and flavonoids being the most abundant metabolic products, with 2026 shared components between the two, 2045 in YBC, and 2040 in YNC; (2) a total of 718 differential metabolites were identified, accounting for 35.44% of the shared metabolites. Among them, YBC had 452 metabolites with higher content relative to YNC, representing 62.95%, and 266 components with lower content, representing 37.05%; (3) the KEEG enrichment analysis results show that the differential metabolic pathways are flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, and linolenic acid metabolism. <b>Conclusions:</b> These new findings will serve as a foundation for further study of the BR biosynthetic pathway and offer insights into the practical use of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in the Prevalence and Clinical Correlates Between Early-Onset and Late-Onset Major Depressive Disorder Patients with Comorbid Abnormal Lipid Metabolism.","authors":"Xiao Huang, Anshi Wu, Xiangyang Zhang","doi":"10.3390/metabo15020117","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15020117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Growing evidence suggested that abnormal lipid metabolism (ALM) was associated with an increased severity of depressive symptoms, but no previous studies have examined the differences in comorbid ALM in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients of different ages of onset. We aim to compare the differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of ALM between early-onset and late-onset patients with first-episode and drug-naive (FEDN) MDD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited a total of 1718 FEDN MDD outpatients in this study. We used the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17), The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive subscale, and Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) to assess their depression, anxiety, and psychotic symptoms and clinical severity, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 349 patients (20.3%) in the early-onset subgroup and 1369 (79.7%) in the late-onset subgroup. In this study, 65.1% (1188/1718) of patients were diagnosed with ALM. The prevalence of ALM in the late-onset group (81.5%, 1116/1369) was significantly higher than that in the early-onset group (20.6%, 72/349) (<i>p</i> = 0.36, OR = 1.147, 95%CI = 0.855-1.537). The HAMD total score (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.18-1.53, <i>p</i> < 0.001) was the only risk factor for ALM in early-onset MDD patients. In late-onset MDD patients, the HAMD total score (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.11-1.28, <i>p</i> < 0.001), TSH (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.16-1.36, <i>p</i> < 0.001), CGI (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.31-2.19, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and anxiety (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.23-4.02, <i>p</i> = 0.008) were risk factors for ALM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and scientific significance: </strong>Our results suggest that there are significant differences in the prevalence and clinical factors of comorbid ALM between early-onset and late-onset FEND MDD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Biomarkers of Fatal Hypothermia Revealed by UHPLC-MS Metabolomics in Mice.","authors":"Xin-Zhi Cao, Zhong-Wen Wu, Xing-Yu Ma, Wei-Liang Deng, Ding-Hao Chen, Jia-Li Liu, Jia-Hao Li, Hui Wang, Bao-Qing Pei, Dong Zhao, Qi Wang","doi":"10.3390/metabo15020116","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15020116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The postmortem diagnosis of fatal hypothermia presents a considerable challenge in forensic medicine. Metabolomics, a powerful tool reflecting comprehensive changes in endogenous metabolites, offers significant potential for exploring disease mechanisms and identifying diagnostic markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we employed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) to perform a non-targeted metabolomic analysis of liver, stomach, spleen, and musculus gastrocnemius tissues from mice subjected to fatal hypothermia.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A substantial number of differential metabolites were identified in each tissue: 1601 in the liver, 420 in the stomach, 732 in the spleen, and 668 in the gastrocnemius muscle. The most significantly altered metabolites were as follows: magnoflorine (liver, upregulated, ranked first in fold-change), gibberellic acid (stomach, downregulated, ranked first in fold-change), nitrofurantoin (spleen, upregulated, ranked first in fold-change), and isoreserpin (gastrocnemius muscle, downregulated, ranked first in fold-change). Glycerophospholipid metabolism exhibited notable enrichment in all tissues (spleen: second, liver: tenth, stomach: eleventh, gastrocnemius muscle: twenty-first), as did tryptophan metabolism (spleen: thirteenth, liver: eighth, stomach: third, gastrocnemius muscle: seventeenth).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings provide insights into the metabolic perturbations associated with fatal hypothermia in different tissues and lay a foundation for the identification of potential tissue biomarkers for forensic diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential Role of Intestinal Microbiota on the Intestine-Protective and Lipid-Lowering Effects of Berberine in Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Under High-Lipid Stress.","authors":"Chang Gao, Heng Wang, Xuan Xue, Lishun Qi, Yanfeng Lin, Lei Wang","doi":"10.3390/metabo15020118","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15020118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Berberine has extremely low oral bioavailability, but shows a potent lipid-lowering effect, indicating its potential role in regulating intestinal microbiota, which has not been investigated. <b>Methods:</b> In the present study, five experimental diets, a control diet (Con), a high-lipid diet (HL), and high-lipid·diets·supplemented with an antibiotic cocktail (HLA), berberine (HLB), or both (HLAB) were fed to zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) for 30 days. <b>Results:</b> The HLB group showed significantly greater weight gain and feed intake than the HLA and other groups, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Hepatic triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels, lipogenesis, and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression were significantly upregulated by the high-lipid diet, but significantly downregulated by berberine supplementation. Conversely, the expression levels of intestinal and/or hepatic farnesoid X receptor (<i>fxr</i>), Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (<i>tgr5</i>), lipolysis genes, and zonula occludens 1 (<i>zo1</i>) exhibited the opposite trend. Compared with the HLB group, the HLAB group displayed significantly greater hepatic TG content and proinflammatory cytokine expression, but significantly lower intestinal bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity and intestinal and/or hepatic <i>fxr</i> and <i>tgr5</i> expression levels. The HL treatment decreased the abundance of certain probiotic bacteria (e.g., <i>Microbacterium</i>, <i>Cetobacterium</i>, and <i>Gemmobacter</i>) and significantly increased the pathways involved in cytochrome P450, p53 signaling, and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. The HLB group increased some probiotic bacteria abundance, particularly BSH-producing bacteria (e.g., <i>Escherichia Shigella</i>). Compared with the HLB group, the abundance of BSH-producing bacteria (e.g., <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i>) and pathways related to Notch signaling and Wnt signaling were reduced in the HLAB group. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study revealed that berberine's lipid-lowering and intestine-protective effects are closely related to the intestinal microbiota, especially BSH-producing bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Omics Approach to Evaluate Effects of Dietary Sodium Butyrate on Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Function and Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Adult Ragdoll Cats.","authors":"Anxuan Zhang, Deping Li, Tong Yu, Mingrui Zhang, Yingyue Cui, Haotian Wang, Tianyu Dong, Yi Wu","doi":"10.3390/metabo15020120","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15020120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Sodium butyrate (SB) is a typical postbiotic known to positively affect economic animals in recent years, but research on SB in pet cats is scarce. Consequently, this study sought to explore the influence of SB on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity, immune function, and gut microbiota of adult cats through the assessment of biochemical parameters and comprehensive integrative omics analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 30 adult cats were divided into three groups: a basal diet (NC), basal diet with 0.05% SB (SB5), and basal diet with 0.1% SB (SB10). The experiment lasted for 6 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that the fecal level of calprotectin was lower in the SB10 group than in the SB5 and NC groups. The SB10 group reduced the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and DAO compared with the NC group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, the SB10 diet increased the GSH-Px level and decreased MDA content compared with the NC diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis showed that the gene expression of <i>VCAM1</i> exhibited a notable decrease in the SB10 group compared to the NC group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The analysis of gut microbiota revealed that the richness of gut microbiota was higher in the SB10 than in the NC group (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the abundance of Lachnospiraceae, <i>Lachnoclostridium</i>, <i>Blautia</i>, and <i>Roseburia</i> was greater in the SB10 than in the NC group (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dietary SB could enhance the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity, improve immune function, and positively regulate the gut microbiota composition in adult cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxic Effects of Exposure to Phthalates on Cardiac Injury Biomarkers: Evidence from NHANES 1999-2004.","authors":"He Li, Jifan Bu, Weilong Xing","doi":"10.3390/metabo15020114","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15020114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Humans are consistently and increasingly exposed to phthalate products, but the effect of the combined exposure to phthalates on myocardial injury remains largely unexplored. The present study aimed to explore the effect of the combined exposure to phthalates on myocardial injury. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 1237 male adults (aged ≥20) without coronary artery disease (CAD) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 1999-2004 were included in the current study. Multiple linear regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and a weighted quantile sum (WQS) model were employed to examine the associations of urinary phthalate metabolites with two cardiac injury biomarkers, including troponin T (TNT) and troponin I, using four highly sensitive assays (Abbott, Chicago, IL, USA; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany; and Ortho, Raritan, NJ, USA) (TNIA, TNIS, TNIO). <b>Results</b>: According to the linear regression analysis, mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP, a metabolite of di-n-octyl phthalate) was found to be positively associated with serum TNT; a positive association was found between mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP, a metabolite of di-isobutyl phthalate) and TNIA, as well as MiBP and TNIS. Mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP, a metabolite of butyl benzyl phthalate) and MCPP were positively associated with serum TNIO. The BKMR analyses showed a positive overall relationship of serum TNT, TNIA, TNIS, and TNIO with increased concentrations of phthalate metabolites. The WQS model showed MCPP and MBzP were the top two contributors to being an increased risk for elevated TNT levels. MCPP and mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP, a metabolite of diethyl phthalate) were identified as the leading contributors to increased TNIA and TNIS. MCPP and MBzP were the dominant contributors to elevated TNIO. <b>Conclusions</b>: As a combined mixture, phthalate metabolites were positively associated with serum TNT and TNI among adults without CAD, indicating the potential toxic effect of phthalate exposure on cardiac injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bioprospecting of <i>Bixa orellana</i> L. for the Selection of Characters with Biological Activity.","authors":"Luz A Guerrero-Lagunes, Lucero M Ruiz-Posadas, Jorge Cadena-Iñiguez, Ramón Marcos Soto-Hernández, Carlos H Avendaño-Arrazate, Juan F Aguirre-Medina, Celeste Soto-Mendoza, Juan F Aguirre-Cadena","doi":"10.3390/metabo15020115","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15020115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A meta-analysis of 28 sources of information was conducted, considering different variables in <i>Bixa orellana</i>, with the aim of identifying bioprospective variables. Variables were approached, such as the organ of extraction and extraction method, with 63 biochemical classes and 20 for biological activity, and their states were codified. The statistical analysis was developed through a cladistics analysis using the WinClada version1.00.08 84,85 software and the explicative accumulated variance was determined through a descriptive multivariate analysis and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). The tree obtained showed the phenotype Africa1 as the one closest to the basal state. After Africa1, nine clades are derived and the phenotypes Colombia3 and Colombia5 were the most evolved. The analyses demonstrated that in <i>B. orellana</i> L., the phenotypes from India, Brazil, and Yucatán present anticancer activity against the cell lines U251, MCF-7, HeLa, NCI-H460, PC-3, A549 and HT-29, as well as biological activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, related primarily with biochemical compounds such as geranylgeraniol, ellagic acid, and carotenoids (bixin and norbixin), naringenin and alkaloids. The conditions of reproductive isolation of the phenotypes mentioned before providing the ideal agroclimatic conditions to produce compounds with biological activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic Analysis of Maize Response to Northern Corn Leaf Blight.","authors":"Yingnan Gu, Bowei Yan, Ye Yang, Ying Huang, Xin Liu, Shubin Liu","doi":"10.3390/metabo15020113","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15020113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> As a major food crop, maize is highly susceptible to pathogenic bacteria, which greatly reduces its yield and quality. Metabolomics reveals physiological and biochemical changes in organisms and aids in analyzing metabolic changes caused by various factors. <b>Methods:</b> This study utilized metabolomics to examine maize's metabolic changes after NCLB infestation, aiming to uncover related pathways and potential biomarkers. The metabolite measurements were performed during the maize silking stage. <b>Results:</b> PCA showed an obvious dispersion between the treated and untreated groups. OPLS-DA identified 1274 differential metabolites, with 242 being downregulated (mainly phenolics and esters) and 1032 upregulated (primarily organic acids, amino acids, sugars, and derivatives). KEGG annotation revealed 50 affected metabolic pathways, and the biosynthesis of secondary metab-olites and amino acids was significantly enriched. <b>Conclusions:</b> We hypothesized that metabolic pathways related to sugar metabolism, proline metabolism, and jasmonic acid synthesis are associated with NCLB susceptibility. These findings provide critical insights into the metabolic responses of maize to biotic stress, offering a theoretical basis for future research on plant resistance mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}