Metabolites最新文献

{"title":"Analyses of Saliva Metabolome Reveal Patterns of Metabolites That Differentiate SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Disease Severity.","authors":"Violeta Larios-Serrato, Natalia Vázquez-Manjarrez, Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio, Nora Rios-Sarabia, Beatriz Meza, Oliver Fiehn, Javier Torres","doi":"10.3390/metabo15030192","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15030192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The metabolome of COVID-19 patients has been studied sparsely, with most research focusing on a limited number of plasma metabolites or small cohorts. This is the first study to test saliva metabolites in COVID-19 patients in a comprehensive way, revealing patterns significantly linked to disease and severity, highlighting saliva's potential as a non-invasive tool for pathogenesis or diagnostic studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 30 asymptomatic subjects with no prior COVID-19 infection or vaccination, 102 patients with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 61 hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 status. Saliva samples were analyzed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) in positive and negative ionization modes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences in metabolites were identified in COVID-19 patients, with distinct patterns associated with disease severity. Dipeptides such as Val-Glu and Met-Gln were highly elevated in moderate cases, suggesting specific protease activity related to SARS-CoV-2. Acetylated amino acids like N-acetylserine and N-acetylhistidine increased in severe cases. Bacterial metabolites, including muramic acid and indole-3-carboxaldehyde, were higher in mild-moderate cases, indicating that oral microbiota differs according to disease severity. In severe cases, polyamines and organ-damage-related metabolites, such as N-acetylspermine and 3-methylcytidine, were significantly increased. Interestingly, most metabolites that were reduced in moderate cases were elevated in severe cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Saliva metabolomics offers insightful information that is potentially useful in studying COVID-19 severity and for diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kidney Toxicity of Drugs for the Heart: An Updated Perspective.","authors":"Carlo Caiati, Roberto Arrigoni, Alessandro Stanca, Mario Erminio Lepera","doi":"10.3390/metabo15030191","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15030191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular drugs are widely used for the prevention and treatment of various cardiac and vascular disorders. However, some of these drugs can also cause adverse effects on the kidney, leading to acute or chronic renal dysfunction, electrolyte imbalances, and increased mortality. The mechanisms of drug-induced renal toxicity vary depending on the type and class of the drug, the dose and duration of exposure, and the patient's characteristics and comorbidities. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the renal effects of some common cardiovascular drugs, such as diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers, antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, and statins and proton-pump inhibitors. We also discuss the clinical implications and management strategies for preventing or minimizing drug-induced nephrotoxicity, as well as the potential role of oxidative stress in its pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Inflammatory Markers in Linking Metabolic Syndrome to Cognitive Decline in Middle-Aged Women: A Focus on TNF-α and IL-6.","authors":"Kinga Mruczyk, Angelika Cisek-Woźniak, Marta Molska, Aleksandra Skoczek-Rubińska","doi":"10.3390/metabo15030186","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15030186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related disorders, such as insulin resistance, pose significant health risks in middle-aged women, including cognitive decline. Chronic inflammation, characterized by elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), has been identified as a key mechanism linking metabolic disturbances to neurodegenerative processes. <b>Methods</b>: This study aimed to examine the associations between metabolic disorders, inflammatory markers, and cognitive function among middle-aged women. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 179 non-smoking perimenopausal and postmenopausal women aged 43-73 years. Anthropometric, metabolic, and cognitive parameters were assessed, including body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), fasting glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TG), IL-6, TNF-α, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. Logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the relationships between inflammation, MetS components, and cognitive impairments. <b>Results</b>: Women with insulin resistance showed significantly worse metabolic profiles and lower MMSE scores (23.98 vs. 24.91, <i>p</i> = 0.032). IL-6 levels were strongly associated with hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 1.096, 95% CI: 1.044-1.151, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and insulin resistance (OR = 1.068, 95% CI: 1.030-1.107, <i>p</i> < 0.001), while TNF-α correlated with abdominal obesity (WHtR OR = 1.429, 95% CI: 1.005-2.031, <i>p</i> = 0.047). Moreover, TNF-α was a significant predictor of cognitive impairments (OR = 1.362, 95% CI: 1.153-1.610, <i>p</i> < 0.001), whereas IL-6 showed no significant association. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings highlight that TNF-α may be a key inflammatory marker associated with metabolic disturbances and cognitive decline in middle-aged women. IL-6 appears to be more specifically linked to lipid abnormalities and insulin resistance. Targeted interventions to reduce inflammation may moderate metabolic and cognitive risks in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Olive Oil in Cardiometabolic Risk.","authors":"Andrea Salvo, Antonino Tuttolomondo","doi":"10.3390/metabo15030190","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15030190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Olive oil, the primary fat source in the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), especially oleic acid, which constitutes 70-80% of its composition. Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), produced by mechanically pressing olives, is the highest quality olive oil, with an intense flavor and acidity <1%. In contrast, refined olive oil (ROO), a blend of virgin and refined oils, contains fewer antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds. EVOO's health benefits stem largely from its MUFA content, which is linked to reduced risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD), neurodegenerative conditions, and certain cancers. Additionally, EVOO contains minor, but bioactive, components such as polyphenols, tocopherols, and phytosterols, contributing to its oxidative stability, sensory qualities, and health-promoting properties. These include polyphenols, like oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anticancer effects. Epidemiological studies suggest an inverse relationship between olive oil intake and CVD, with EVOO-enriched MedDiet interventions showing improved lipid profiles, reduced blood pressure, and lower cardiovascular event risk. The PREDIMED study highlights the significant role of EVOO in reducing cardiometabolic risk. This review explores the impact of EVOO's chemical components within the MedDiet framework on metabolic variables influencing cardiometabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing Microbial Inoculants to Alleviate Continuous Cropping Obstacles: Insights into the Metabolites and Transcriptomic Responses of <i>Pinellia ternata</i>.","authors":"Xinyu Wang, Mohammad Murtaza Alami, Shuqi Gong, Qinglin Cheng, Chaoqun Chen, Xinghui Li, Shumei Zhong, Zhigang He, Dilin Chen, Shengqiu Feng, Shenghu Chen, Shaohua Shu","doi":"10.3390/metabo15030189","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15030189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pinellia ternata</i> (Thunb.) Breit is a widely used medicinal herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Still, its sustainable cultivation is threatened by continuous cropping obstacles, which disrupt soil ecosystems, reduce yield, and degrade quality. <b>Objectives:</b> This study explores the potential of microbial inoculants to mitigate these challenges through integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. <b>Methods</b>: Soil samples from fields with and without continuous cropping issues were used to compare the effects of microbial inoculants on the secondary metabolism and gene expression of <i>P. ternata</i>. <b>Results and Discussion:</b> Metabolomic profiling identified 20,969 metabolites, with significant changes in lipid-like molecules (22.2%), organic acids (9.1%), and phenylpropanoids (7.0%) under microbial treatment. Notable increases in phenylalanine and caffeic acid levels were observed in microbial-inoculated plants. Correspondingly, transcriptomic analysis revealed the upregulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and other stress-related genes, confirming the metabolic shifts. Clustering and machine learning analyses highlighted the critical roles of metabolites and genes in enhancing plant resilience. Microbial inoculants improved secondary metabolite production. <b>Implications:</b> These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of microbial-plant interactions and establish a sustainable approach for cultivating <i>P. ternata</i>, addressing the challenges of continuous cropping while improving crop productivity and quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Lipid Composition of the Exo-Metabolome from <i>Haemonchus contortus</i>.","authors":"Pablo Godoy, Behrouz Rezanezhad Dizaji, Adriana Zardini Buzatto, Laura Sanchez, Liang Li","doi":"10.3390/metabo15030193","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15030193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Metabolomic studies of different parasite-derived biomolecules, such as lipids, are needed to broaden the discovery of novel targets and overcome anthelmintic resistance. Lipids are involved in diverse functions in biological systems, including parasitic helminths, but little is known about their role in the biology of these organisms and their impact on host-parasite interactions. This study aimed to characterize the lipid profile secreted by <i>Haemonchus contortus</i>, the major parasitic nematodes of farm ruminants. <b>Methods</b>: <i>H. contortus</i> adult worms were recovered from infected sheep and cultured ex vivo. Parasite medium was collected at different time points and samples were subjected to an untargeted global lipidomic analysis. Lipids were extracted and subjected to Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Annotated lipids were normalized and subjected to statistical analysis. Lipid clusters' fold change (FC) and individual lipid features were compared at different time points. Lipids were also analyzed by structural composition and saturation bonding. <b>Results</b>: A total of 1057 <i>H. contortus</i> lipid features were annotated, including glycerophospholipids, fatty acyls, sphingolipids, glycerolipids, and sterols. Most of these compounds were unsaturated lipids. We found significant FC differences in the lipid profile in a time-dependent manner. <b>Conclusions</b>: We predict that many lipids found in our study act as signaling molecules for nematodes' physiological functions, such as adaptation to nutrient changes, life span and mating, and as modulators on the host immune responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of Peripheral Mast Cell and Brain Microglia Axis via Kinase Inhibition.","authors":"Xiaoguang Liu, Michaeline Hebron, Kaluvu Balaraman, Louis Ballard, Kimberly Liu, Max Stevenson, Charbel Moussa","doi":"10.3390/metabo15030194","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15030194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Kinase inhibition is a hot therapeutic strategy for several human diseases, including neurodegeneration. Tyrosine kinase c-KIT activates peripheral mast cells, while other kinases including Abelson (c-Abl) promotes autophagy and FYN mediates Tau phosphorylation. We synthesized a novel broad kinase inhibitor (BK40196) and investigated its effects on tau hyper-phosphorylation, cell loss, inflammation and behavior in transgenic rTg4510 and TgAPP (TgSwDI) mice. <b>Methods:</b> Drug synthesis and investigation of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics effects of BK40196 on behavior, protein levels, mast cells and microglial activity in vivo. <b>Results:</b> We synthesized a novel kinase inhibitor (BK40196) that exhibited high brain penetration and a potentially wide therapeutic dose. BK40196 is a dual c-KIT/c-Abl (Abelson) inhibitor but also displays binding affinity to other kinases, including fused in sarcoma (SRC) and FYN. BK40196 induces autophagy in vitro and limits the maturation of mast cells in vitro and in vivo. BK40196 significantly reduces the levels of hyper-phosphorylated tau and attenuates cell loss, while improving motor, cognitive and behavioral (anxiety) functions in models of neurodegeneration. BK40196 reduces microglial activity and the levels of brain tryptase in parallel with mast cell activation. <b>Conclusions:</b> BK40196 inhibits c-Kit and may play an important role in peripheral and central immunity via mast cells and microglia, respectively, and induces synergistic mechanisms through anti-inflammation and protein clearance that are mutually beneficial to alleviate neurodegenerative pathology. BK40196 is a potential candidate for the treatment of human tauopathies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Badillo-Sanchez et al. Human Archaeological Dentin as Source of Polar and Less Polar Metabolites for Untargeted Metabolomic Research: The Case of <i>Yersinia pestis</i>. <i>Metabolites</i> 2023, <i>13</i>, 588.","authors":"Diego Armando Badillo-Sanchez, Donald J L Jones, Meriam Guellil, Sarah A Inskip, Christiana L Scheib","doi":"10.3390/metabo15030187","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15030187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One contributor's name was missing in the original version of the authorship of the paper [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metatranscriptomics for Understanding the Microbiome in Food and Nutrition Science.","authors":"Christina F Butowski, Yash Dixit, Marlon M Reis, Chunlong Mu","doi":"10.3390/metabo15030185","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15030185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbiome science has greatly expanded our understanding of the diverse composition and function of gut microorganisms over the past decades. With its rich microbial composition, the microbiome hosts numerous functionalities essential for metabolizing food ingredients and nutrients, resulting in the production of active metabolites that affect food fermentation or gut health. Most of these processes are mediated by microbial enzymes such as carbohydrate-active enzymes and amino acid metabolism enzymes. Metatranscriptomics enables the capture of active transcripts within the microbiome, providing invaluable functional insights into metabolic activities. Given the inter-kingdom complexity of the microbiome, metatranscriptomics could further elucidate the activities of fungi, archaea, and bacteriophages in the microbial ecosystem. Despite its potential, the application of metatranscriptomics in food and nutrition sciences remains limited but is growing. This review highlights the latest advances in food science (e.g., flavour formation and food enzymology) and nutrition science (e.g., dietary fibres, proteins, minerals, and probiotics), emphasizing the integration of metatranscriptomics with other technologies to address key research questions. Ultimately, metatranscriptomics represents a powerful tool for uncovering the microbiome activity, particularly in relation to active metabolic processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Markers for the Assessment of Microvascular Complications in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.","authors":"Diana Nikolova, Zdravko Kamenov","doi":"10.3390/metabo15030184","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15030184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder characterized by the coexistence of multiple risk factors, including dysglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and visceral obesity. Both metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus are closely associated with the onset of microvascular complications such as retinopathy, polyneuropathy, and nephropathy. <b>Methods</b>: This narrative review analyzed 137 studies published up to 2025, retrieved from PubMed and Crossref databases. The objective was to identify and evaluate potential biomarkers that could facilitate the early detection of microvascular complications in patients with metabolic syndrome. <b>Results</b>: Several biomarkers demonstrated a strong correlation with microvascular complications in individuals with metabolic syndrome. These findings suggest their potential role in early diagnosis and risk assessment. <b>Conclusions</b>: The identification of reliable biomarkers may enhance early detection and targeted interventions for microvascular complications in metabolic syndrome. Further research is essential to validate these markers and establish their clinical applicability in routine medical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}