Metabolites最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Cooking and Cooling Chickpea Pasta on Resistant Starch Content, Glycemic Response, and Glycemic Index in Healthy Adults.","authors":"Adrianna Bojarczuk, Paulina Kęszycka, Krystian Marszałek, Danuta Gajewska","doi":"10.3390/metabo14110585","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo14110585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Legume seeds, such as chickpeas, are a rich source of resistant starch (RS) and have a low glycemic index (GI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cooking and cooling chickpea pasta on the RS content, glycemic response, and GI in healthy subjects. <b>Methods:</b> Twelve healthy subjects of both sexes, aged 18-65 years, participated in this study. Each person consumed two standardized portions of chickpea pasta: (i) freshly cooked (FCP) and (ii) cooked chickpea pasta which was cooled for 24 h at 4 °C and reheated before consumption (CCP). Glucose solution was provided as a reference food. Participants consumed chickpea pasta in a random order. GI measurements were completed using the standard methodology and calculated according to the ISO 2010 standard. <b>Results:</b> The cooling and reheating process significantly increased the RS content of boiled chickpea pasta (from 1.83 g/100 g to 3.65 g/100 g) and had a beneficial effect on postprandial glycemia in healthy individuals. The CCP pasta had a significantly lower GI value than the FCP pasta (33 vs. 39, <i>p</i> = 0.0022). A significant difference in the glucose, as identified by the incremental area under the curve (IAUC), was observed between the CCP and FCP (1327.9 ± 414.8 mg/dL/min vs. 1556.1 ± 456.9 mg/dL/min, <i>p</i> = 0.0022). The cooling-reheating process did not affect the sensory attributes of the chickpea pasta. In general, the overall acceptability of the CCP pasta was similar to that of the FCP pasta. <b>Conclusions:</b> The results of our study support the hypothesis that a reduced glycemic response after simple changes in technological intervention leads to a decrease in postprandial blood glucose and GI. This can be helpful for people who need to control postprandial glycemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11596303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142730299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Insights into the Fecal Metabolome of Healthy, Free-Roaming Giraffes (<i>Giraffa camelopardalis</i>): An Untargeted GCxGC/TOF-MS Metabolomics Study.","authors":"Andri Grobbelaar, Gernot Osthoff, Ilse du Preez, Francois Deacon","doi":"10.3390/metabo14110586","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo14110586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>This study provides the first insights to the fecal metabolome of the giraffe (<i>Giraffa camelopardalis</i>). By using untargeted metabolomics via gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC/TOF-MS), this study primarily aims to provide results of the impact that external stimuli, such as supplemental feeding (SF) practices, seasonal variation and sex, might have on the fecal metabolome composition of healthy, free-roaming giraffes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Untargeted GCxGC/TOF-MS analysis was applied to the feces collected from thirteen giraffes (six males and seven females) from six different locations within the central Free State Province of South Africa over a period of two years. Statistical analysis of the generated data was used to identify the metabolites that were significantly different between the giraffes located in environments that provided SF and others where the giraffes only fed on the natural available vegetation. The same metabolomics analysis was used to investigate metabolite concentrations that were significantly different between the wet and dry seasons for a single giraffe male provided with SF over the two-year period, as well as for age and sex differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2042 features were detected from 26 giraffe fecal samples. Clear variations between fecal metabolome profiles were confirmed, with higher levels of amino acid-related and carbohydrate-related metabolites for giraffes receiving SF. In addition, a separation between the obtained profiles of samples collected from a single adult male giraffe during the wet and dry seasons was identified. Differences, such as higher levels of carbohydrate-related metabolites and organic compounds during the wet season were noted. Distinct variations in profiles were also identified for the metabolites from fecal samples collected from the six males and seven females, with higher concentrations in carbohydrate-related metabolites and alkanes for female giraffes comparatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study to investigate the composition of the fecal metabolome of free-roaming giraffes, as well as the effects that external factors, such as environmental exposures, feeding practices, seasonal variations, age and sex, have on it. This novel use of fecal metabolomics assists in developing non-invasive techniques to determine giraffe populations' health that do not require additional stressors such as capture, restraint and blood collection. Ultimately, such non-invasive advances are beneficial towards the conservation of wildlife species on a larger scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11596133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142730218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Diabetic Effects of Oleuropein.","authors":"Michael Iantomasi, Matthew Terzo, Evangelia Tsiani","doi":"10.3390/metabo14110581","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo14110581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Oleuropein, a secoiridoid polyphenol found in olive oil as well as the fruit and leaves of the olive tree, has been reported to have antioxidant, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic properties. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (TD2M) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by impaired insulin action, termed insulin resistance. The development of T2DM is closely associated with obesity and chronic low-grade inflammation. In recent years, a rise in sedentary lifestyles and diets rich in refined carbohydrates and saturated fats has contributed to an increase in the prevalence of obesity and TD2M. Currently, the strategies for treating T2DM and its prevention lack efficacy and are associated with adverse side effects. Hence, there is an urgent need for novel treatment strategies, including naturally occurring compounds possessing hypoglycemic and insulin-sensitizing properties. <b>Methods</b>: This review summarizes the evidence of the anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties of oleuropein from in vitro and in vivo animal studies, as well as the available clinical trials. <b>Results</b>: The existing evidence indicates that oleuropein may exert its anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in hepatic and adipose tissue. Additionally, the evidence suggests that oleuropein targets skeletal muscle and enhances glucose uptake and its related protein signalling cascades, improving glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. <b>Conclusions</b>: Despite the evidence of oleuropein's anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic potential, more animal and clinical studies are needed to proceed towards its clinical/therapeutic use for metabolic diseases confidently.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11597061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the Pathway Involvement of All Pathway and Associated Compound Entries Defined in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.","authors":"Erik D Huckvale, Hunter N B Moseley","doi":"10.3390/metabo14110582","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo14110582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Predicting the biochemical pathway involvement of a compound could facilitate the interpretation of biological and biomedical research. Prior prediction approaches have largely focused on metabolism, training machine learning models to solely predict based on metabolic pathways. However, there are many other types of pathways in cells and organisms that are of interest to biologists. <b>Methods</b>: While several publications have made use of the metabolites and metabolic pathways available in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), we downloaded all the compound entries with pathway annotations available in the KEGG. From these data, we constructed a dataset where each entry contained features representing compounds combined with features representing pathways, followed by a binary label indicating whether the given compound is associated with the given pathway. We trained multi-layer perceptron binary classifiers on variations of this dataset. <b>Results</b>: The models trained on 6485 KEGG compounds and 502 pathways scored an overall mean Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) performance of 0.847, a median MCC of 0.848, and a standard deviation of 0.0098. <b>Conclusions</b>: This performance on all 502 KEGG pathways represents a roughly 6% improvement over the performance of models trained on only the 184 KEGG metabolic pathways, which had a mean MCC of 0.800 and a standard deviation of 0.021. These results demonstrate the capability to effectively predict biochemical pathways in general, in addition to those specifically related to metabolism. Moreover, the improvement in the performance demonstrates additional transfer learning with the inclusion of non-metabolic pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11596622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142730206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulatory L-Alliin Effect on Acute Inflammatory Cytokines in Diet-Induced Obesity Mice.","authors":"Daniel Ulises Torres-Reyes, Marina Alma Sánchez-Sánchez, Carmen de la Rocha, Argelia Esperanza Rojas-Mayorquín, Rocío Ivette López-Roa, Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún, Lucrecia Carrera-Quintanar","doi":"10.3390/metabo14110580","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo14110580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> The inflammatory response has evolved as a protective mechanism against pathogens and tissue damage. However, chronic inflammation can occur, potentially leading to severe disease. Low-grade chronic inflammation is associated with obesity, and the Th1 cytokine profile plays an important role in this proinflammatory environment. Diet-induced obesity (DIO) can lead to persistent dysbiosis and maintain high concentrations of circulating lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) over prolonged periods of time, resulting in metabolic endotoxemia. In this context, the study of natural immunomodulators has recently increased. <b>Objective:</b> The aim of this study is improve scientific evidence for the immunomodulatory role of L-Alliin in obesity and inflammation. <b>Methods:</b> In the present work, we describe the effect of L-Alliin on serum levels of cytokines in DIO mice after an acute inflammatory challenge. L-Alliin is the main organosulfurized molecule of garlic that has been studied for its numerous beneficial physiological effects in health and disease and is beginning to be considered a nutraceutical. Two situations are simulated in this experimental model, health and chronic, low-grade inflammation that occurs in obesity, both of which are confronted with an acute, inflammation-inducing challenge. <b>Results:</b> Based on our findings, L-Alliin seems to somehow stimulate the cellular chemotaxis by eliciting the release of key molecules, including IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-9, and G-CSF. However, the molecular mechanism involved remains unknown. This, in turn, mitigates the risk of severe inflammatory symptoms by preventing the release of IL-1β and its downstream molecules such as IL-1α, GM-CSF, and RANTES. <b>Conclusions:</b> Taken together, these results indicate that L-Alliin can boost immunity in healthy organisms and act as an immunomodulator in low-grade inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11596104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142730263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Age at First Calving on the Reproduction Parameters, Metabolic Profile, and Fatty Acid Composition of Polish Holstein Friesian (PHF) and Crossbreds PHF × Swedish Red (SRB) Cattle.","authors":"Paweł Solarczyk, Marcin Gołębiewski, Jan Slósarz, Antonio Natalello, Martino Musati, Ruggero Menci, Tomasz Sakowski, Karol Tucki, Kamila Puppel","doi":"10.3390/metabo14110583","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo14110583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The high dairy production of Polish Holstein Friesian (PHF) cows determines high energy requirements in the early stages of lactation. Unfortunately, it is very often difficult to meet this demand through feedstuffs; therefore, homeostasis may be disturbed and metabolic diseases may occur, causing a majority of cows' health problems. Breeders are, therefore, looking for alternatives to the PHF breed using crossbreeding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This experiment involved 30 PHF cows and 30 PHF × Swedish Red (SRB) crossbred hybrid cows, divided into two age groups, <2 years and >2 years, at first calving. Milk and blood samples were collected at 35 ± 5 days postpartum for analysis. Data on reproductive performance were also analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study revealed lower milk production for the crossbreds hybrid (27.44 kg compared to 32.08 kg), with a higher basic composition content than PHF cows (fat: 3.97% compared to 3.83%, protein: 3.53% compared to 3.27%). The heifers of the crossbreds hybrid reached sexual maturity earlier but did not affect the lower age at first calving. Dividing the cows into age categories provided a more detailed perspective of the impact of genotypic differences on reproductive and metabolic profiles in PHF and PHF × SRB cattle. The findings highlight the importance of considering age-specific effects when assessing the performance and health of dairy cattle with diverse genotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The choice between PHF and PHF × SRB should depend on the specific goals and priorities of the cattle farming operation. Factors such as overall milk yield requirements, market demands, reproductive management strategies, and health considerations should be carefully evaluated to determine the most suitable breed for a given farming context.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11596136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142730128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-Response Relationship Between Serum 25(OH)D and the Risk of Abnormal Glycemic Status in Chinese Older Adults.","authors":"Yuting Li, Jing Chen, Qingqing Man, Rui Wang, Deqian Mao, Min Li, Jian Zhang, Yichun Hu, Lichen Yang","doi":"10.3390/metabo14110579","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo14110579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitaminD (25(OH)D) concentration and the risk of abnormal glycemic status remains contradictory. Whether sufficient 25(OH)D plays a role in reducing the risk of diabetes and prediabetes is debatable. Its dose-response relationship and the optimal 25(OH)D threshold are not clear. This study investigated the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and the risk of abnormal glycemic status to explore the optimal cut-off value.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 5856 Chinese older adults aged 60 years and above from the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Survey (CACDNS 2015-2017). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was measured via an enzyme-linked immuosorbent assay. Abnormal glycemic status in the present study includes diabetes and prediabetes. Statistical methods such as a locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplot (LOESS), restricted cubic spline regression (RCS) and binary and trend logistic regression were used to explore the dose-response relationship and the optimal 25(OH)D threshold.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The concentration of 25(OH)D was nonlinearly related to the levels of FPG and HbA_1C in the LOESS curves. The nonlinear relation between 25(OH)D and the risk of diabetes and prediabetes was illustrated in the RCS curves and the optimal 25(OH)D threshold beneficial for diabetes was preliminarily explored to be 29.06 ng/mL, but no threshold for prediabetes was found. The dose-response results showed that for each 1 ng/mL increase in 25(OH)D, the risk of the fasting glucose type of diabetes reduced by 2.1%, the risk of the abnormal HbA_1C type of diabetes reduced by 2.2% and the risk of the mixed type of diabetes reduced by 1.7%, whereas a dose-response relationship was not found for prediabetes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations in Chinese older adults were associated with a reduced risk of glycemic abnormalities. The optimal 25(OH)D cut-off value was sufficiently beneficial if the diseased diabetes risk was 29.06 ng/mL, but no threshold was found for prediabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11597016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142730119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Acorns on Meat Quality and Lipid Metabolism-Related Gene Expression in Muscle Tissues of Yuxi Black Pigs.","authors":"Zhe Sun, Yadi Chang, Luyao Huang, Siyuan An, Dongyang Liu, Jinzhou Zhang, Zhiguo Miao","doi":"10.3390/metabo14110578","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo14110578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acorn diets on the composition of fatty acid (FA) and the intramuscular fat (IMF) content in Yuxi black pigs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety Yuxi black pigs with similar body weight (99.60 ± 2.32 kg) were randomly divided into five groups. The control group was fed a basal diet, and the AD20, AD30, AD40, and AD50 groups were fed experimental diets which contained 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% acorns, respectively. The feeding experiment lasted for 120 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that compared with the control group, the content of SFA in <i>longissimus dorsi</i> and <i>biceps femoris</i> tissues in the AD30 group decreased by 8.57% and 20.10%, and the content of MUFA increased by 5.40% and 15.83%, respectively, while the PUFA content of <i>biceps femoris</i> increased by 5.40% (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Meanwhile, the IMF content of the AD30 group was significantly higher than that of the control group in the <i>longissimus dorsi</i> and <i>biceps femoris</i>. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of the <i>ATGL</i>, <i>PPARγ</i>, and <i>FABP4</i> genes in <i>longissimus dorsi</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were up-regulated, and <i>HSL</i> were down-regulated (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the AD30 group. In the <i>biceps femoris</i> of the AD30 group, it was observed that the expression levels of the <i>ACC</i> and <i>FAS</i> genes were up-regulated (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while <i>HSL</i> and <i>ATGL</i> genes were down-regulated (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results demonstrated that the addition of appropriate amounts of acorn to the diet (a 30% acorn diet) could improve the nutritional value of pork.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11596760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142730145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiprotozoal Natural Products from Endophytic Fungi Associated with Cacao and Coffee.","authors":"Cristopher A Boya P, Candelario Rodriguez, Randy Mojica-Flores, Jean Carlo Urrutia, Víctor Cantilo-Diaz, Masiel Barrios-Jaén, Michelle G Ng, Laura Pineda, Alejandro Llanes, Carmenza Spadafora, Luis C Mejía, Marcelino Gutiérrez","doi":"10.3390/metabo14110575","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo14110575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Collectively, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease cause approximately 8 million cases and more than 40,000 deaths annually, mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. The current drugs used to treat these diseases have limitations and many undesirable side effects; hence, new drugs with better clinical profiles are needed. Fungal endophytes associated with plants are known to produce a wide array of bioactive secondary metabolites, including antiprotozoal compounds. In this study, we analyzed endophytic fungal isolates associated with <i>Theobroma cacao</i> and <i>Coffea arabica</i> crop plants, which yielded extracts with antitrypanosomatid activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Crude extracts were subjected to bioassay-guided isolation by HPLC, followed by spectrometric and spectroscopic analyses via mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Results: Compounds <b>1</b>-<b>9</b> were isolated and displayed novel antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activities ranging from 0.92 to 32 μM. Tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of the organic extracts from different strains via the feature-based Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) molecular networking platform allowed us to dereplicate a series of metabolites (<b>10</b>-<b>23</b>) in the extracts. Molecular docking simulations of the active compounds, using the 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase protein from <i>L. donovani</i> (Ld3MST) and the cruzipain enzyme from <i>T. cruzi</i> as putative molecular targets, allowed us to suggest possible mechanisms for the action of these compounds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The isolation of these antiprotozoal compounds confirms that crop plants like coffee and cacao harbor populations of endophytes with biomedical potential that confer added value to these crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11596112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical Localization of Fibroblast Activation Protein in Coronary Arteries with Different Forms of Atherosclerosis.","authors":"Adam Mohmand-Borkowski, Tomasz Rozmyslowicz","doi":"10.3390/metabo14110573","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo14110573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed by myofibroblasts in areas of active tissue remodeling. It plays a potentially important role in cardiac remodeling, atherosclerotic plaque formation, and plaque rupture. Given the distinct pathophysiology and morphology of different forms of atherosclerosis, we analyzed FAP expression in human coronary vessels with no coronary artery disease, atherosclerotic plaques at different levels of progression, and other distinct forms of coronary disease in post bypass vein grafting and cardiac allograft vasculopathy after a heart transplant. <b>Methods:</b> Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal F19 mouse anti-human FAP antibody was performed to identify FAP in human atherosclerotic plaques, coronary bypass atherosclerosis, and post-transplant arteriosclerosis. The presence and distribution of FAP in different types and stages of human atherosclerosis were compared. <b>Results:</b> There was no FAP staining in patients with no significant coronary disease. All different types of human atherosclerotic lesioning lesions showed the presence of FAP expression, with different staining patterns in advanced atherosclerotic plaque, vein graft atherosclerosis lesions, and arteriosclerosis after a heart transplant. <b>Conclusions:</b> These data suggest that FAP may be a potential diagnostic marker and target for interventions, not only in coronary atherosclerotic plaque, but also in other forms of coronary disease, which have distinct pathophysiologies and currently limited treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11596198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142730175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}