Metabolites最新文献

{"title":"Cardiovascular Manifestations of Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.","authors":"Vlad Pădureanu, Mircea Cătălin Forțofoiu, Mircea Pîrșcoveanu, Rodica Pădureanu, Dumitru Rădulescu, Ionuț Donoiu, Denisa Floriana Vasilica Pîrșcoveanu","doi":"10.3390/metabo15030149","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15030149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), more recently redefined as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is now recognized as the most prevalent cause of chronic liver disease. Its strong association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) underscores its emerging role in global morbidity and mortality. <b>Objective:</b> This review critically examines the pathophysiological mechanisms that link NAFLD/MAFLD with CVD. It focuses on shared metabolic disturbances, inflammatory pathways, and alterations in the gut microbiota that contribute to hepatic and cardiovascular pathology. <b>Review and Gaps:</b> Current evidence highlights insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, systemic inflammation, and gut dysbiosis as pivotal factors connecting NAFLD/MAFLD to CVD. Despite these insights, inconsistencies in diagnostic criteria and a lack of validated non-invasive biomarkers hinder a clear understanding of the causal relationship between liver and cardiovascular diseases. <b>Conclusions:</b> Addressing these knowledge gaps through standardized diagnostic protocols and large-scale longitudinal studies is essential. Improved biomarker validation and clearer delineation of the underlying mechanisms will improve cardiovascular risk stratification and enable more personalized therapeutic strategies for patients with NAFLD/MAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of a Plasmid-Free <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strain with Enhanced Heme Supply to Produce Active Hemoglobins.","authors":"Zihan Zhang, Baodong Hu, Jingwen Zhou, Jianghua Li, Jian Chen, Guocheng Du, Xinrui Zhao","doi":"10.3390/metabo15030151","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15030151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heme is an important cofactor and plays crucial roles in the correct folding of hemoproteins. The synthesis of heme can be enhanced by the plasmid-based expression of heme biosynthetic genes. However, plasmid-based expression is genetically unstable and requires the utilization of antibiotics to maintain high copy numbers of plasmids.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The rate-limiting steps in heme biosynthesis were first analyzed based on previous studies and the accumulation of heme intermediates was achieved by adding heme precursor (5-aminolevulinic acid, ALA). Next, the intracellular accumulation of porphyrin was increased by deleting the porphyrin transporter TolC. Finally, the heme synthetic genes were modified by integrating the <i>hemA</i> and <i>hemL</i> genes into the <i>cheW</i> and <i>yciQ</i> locus, assembling the rate-limiting enzymes HemC and HemD with RIAD-RIDD tags, replacing the promoters of <i>hemE/hemH</i> genes with the constitutive promoter P_J23100, and deleting the heme degradation gene <i>yfeX</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An enhanced heme supply HEME2 strain was obtained with a heme titer of 0.14 mg/L, which was 4.60-fold higher than that of the C41(DE3) strain. The HEME2 strain was applied to produce human hemoglobin and leghemoglobin. The titer and peroxidase activity of human hemoglobin were 1.29-fold and 42.4% higher in the HEME2-hHb strain than the values in the control strain C41-hHb. In addition, the peroxidase activity and heme content of leghemoglobin were increased by 39.2% and 53.4% in the HEME2-sHb strain compared to the values in the control strain C41-sHb.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A plasmid-free <i>Escherichia coli</i> C41(DE3) strain capable of efficient and stable heme supply was constructed and can be used for the production of high-active hemoglobins.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NMR-Based Metabolomics Analysis of Metabolite Profiles in Two Species of Boletes Subjected to Different Drying Methods.","authors":"Yangzong Zhuoma, Minghong Yang, Yijie Chen, Xiangxi Zhang, Xingyan Duan, Hongwei Cui, Xin Fang, Xujia Hu","doi":"10.3390/metabo15030152","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15030152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Wild boletes are famous for their exceptional flavor and nutritional value. Due to their susceptibility to decay and spoilage, dry storage is a common method for processing and preservation. However, few studies have reported on the alterations of metabolites of boletes resulting from different drying methods. This paper aims to investigate the metabolic changes in two species of boletes, <i>Butyriboletus roseoflavus</i> and <i>Lanmaoa asiatica</i>, subjected to three drying methods: hot-air drying, microwave drying, and freeze drying. <b>Method and Result:</b> Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics was utilized for multivariate data analysis. In total, 27 metabolites were identified from the two species of boletes, including amino acids such as glutamate and leucine, sugars like glucose and sucrose, and alkaloids like choline. Among these, 17 metabolites were classified as differential metabolites, comprising 12 amino acids, 4 sugars, and 1 alkaloid. Differential metabolites were quantified by quantitative NMR (qNMR), and these metabolites were subsequently analyzed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database for pathway enrichment analysis. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the different drying methods resulted in significantly distinct metabolic pathways for these differential metabolites, resulting in the enrichment of amino acid metabolism and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways. <b>Conclusions:</b> This metabolomics study elucidates the differences in metabolite composition and abundance between the two species of boletes, providing a theoretical foundation for selecting appropriate drying methods for their preservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fasting Mimicking Diet for Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review of Human Studies.","authors":"Alina Delia Popa, Andreea Gherasim, Laura Mihalache, Lidia Iuliana Arhire, Mariana Graur, Otilia Niță","doi":"10.3390/metabo15030150","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15030150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an association of risk factors that share insulin resistance (IR), exerting a super cumulative effect on the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases. Lifestyle optimization is a key element in the prevention and non-pharmacological therapy of MetS. Certain studies have concluded that some dietary patterns could be more beneficial as an adjunctive treatment for MetS. Fasting mimicking diet (FMD) is a form of periodic fasting in which caloric intake is restricted for 5 days each month. It has been studied for its beneficial effects not only in patients with neoplasia and neurodegenerative diseases but also for its effects on IR and metabolism. In this narrative review, the effects of FMD in patients with MetS were analyzed, focusing on its impact on key metabolic components and summarizing findings from human studies. FMD has demonstrated beneficial effects on MetS by reducing BMI and waist circumference, preserving lean mass, and improving the metabolic profile. Moreover, individuals with a higher BMI or a greater number of MetS components appear to derive greater benefits from this intervention. However, limitations such as high dropout rates, small sample sizes, and methodological constraints restrict the generalizability of current findings. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these effects and establish FMD as a viable non-pharmacological strategy for managing MetS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Birth Characteristics, Weaning Practices, and the Metabolic Syndrome in Children: A Descriptive Study.","authors":"Teofana Otilia Bizerea-Moga, Tudor Voicu Moga, Ramona Stroescu, Lazar Chisavu, Otilia Mărginean, Flavia Chisavu","doi":"10.3390/metabo15030148","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15030148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Childhood obesity has seen an important rise in recent decades, in both the pediatric and adult populations. Excess weight can cause various health complications, such as the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of medical conditions linked to adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. Although MetS may be attributed mainly to adults, early life factors, such as birth characteristics and feeding practices, may influence its development in obese children. <b>Aim:</b> This study aims to investigate the relationships between birth metrics, early feeding practices, and the prevalence of MetS and its components among obese children. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective observational study was conducted on 800 obese patients aged 0-18 years, admitted to the \"Louis Țurcanu\" Children's Clinical and Emergency Hospital in Timișoara, Romania, from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2023. Patients were divided according to gestational age: small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and large for gestational age (LGA). <b>Results:</b> Type 2 diabetes (18.2%), hypercholesterolemia (24.6%), IR (41.3%), and MetS (39.2%) were more prevalent among oSGA patients included in the study. These patients were breastfed for longer periods but weaned at a younger age. oLGA patients had the highest BMI values (28.4 ± 4.2) and, in this study group, hypertriglyceridemia (29.4%), arterial hypertension (26.8%), and lower HDL-C (41.7 ± 6.3 mg/dL) were more prevalent. The incidence of MetS increased with age (12.6 ± 3.1 years). Among these patients, IR (52.3%) was more prevalent. The introduction of flour-based energy-dense foods before six months was more frequent in MetS patients, but not statistically significant. Logistic regression showed oSGA patients had a 4.49-fold higher MetS risk (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Older age at diagnosis increased the risk of developing MetS by 37%, a diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance by 19-fold, and a family history of diabetes by 2.7-fold. ROC analysis showed strong predictability (AUC = 0.905, sensitivity = 82%, specificity = 88%). <b>Conclusions:</b> Obese children born SGA had a higher risk for developing MetS. The incidence of MetS and its components increases with age among obese patients. Monitoring growth patterns and dietary habits in early life is paramount to mitigate future metabolic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolism of Tryptophan, Glutamine, and Asparagine in Cancer Immunotherapy-Synergism or Mechanism of Resistance?","authors":"Kajetan Kiełbowski, Estera Bakinowska, Rafał Becht, Andrzej Pawlik","doi":"10.3390/metabo15030144","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15030144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amino acids are crucial components of proteins, key molecules in cellular physiology and homeostasis. However, they are also involved in a variety of other mechanisms, such as energy homeostasis, nitrogen exchange, further synthesis of bioactive compounds, production of nucleotides, or activation of signaling pathways. Moreover, amino acids and their metabolites have immunoregulatory properties, significantly affecting the behavior of immune cells. Immunotherapy is one of the oncological treatment methods that improves cytotoxic properties of one's own immune system. Thus, enzymes catalyzing amino acid metabolism, together with metabolites themselves, can affect immune antitumor properties and responses to immunotherapy. In this review, we will discuss the involvement of tryptophan, glutamine, and asparagine metabolism in the behavior of immune cells targeted by immunotherapy and summarize results of the most recent investigations on the impact of amino acid metabolites on immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of Packaged Vegetable Soybeans Based on Freshness by Metabolomics Combined with Convolutional Neural Networks.","authors":"Yoshio Makino, Yuta Kurokawa, Kenji Kawai, Takashi Akihiro","doi":"10.3390/metabo15030145","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15030145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Effectiveness of modified atmosphere (MA) packaging for the preservation of the freshness of vegetable soybeans was confirmed by using metabolomics combined with convolutional neural networks (CNNs). <b>Methods:</b> Stored under a low O₂, high CO₂ environment, the vegetable soybeans' freshness was tracked through changes in hue angle on the surface of the crops and metabolite levels compared to those stored under normoxia. <b>Results:</b> MA packaging slowed respiration and reduced pectin decomposition, succinic acid oxidation, and fatty acid consumption, all linked to freshness maintenance. Using 62 key metabolite concentrations as inputs, CNNs classified vegetable soybean freshness into seven categories with 92.9% accuracy, outperforming traditional linear discriminant analysis by 14.3%. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings demonstrate MA packaging's effectiveness in extending freshness of vegetable soybeans by monitoring specific metabolic changes. This will contribute to the advancement of research aimed at elucidating the relationship between freshness and metabolism in horticultural crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Dietary Ceramide 2-Aminoethylphosphonate on Aberrant Crypt Foci Formation and Colon Inflammation in 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-Treated Mice: A Comparison with the Role of Sphingomyelin.","authors":"Shinji Yamashita, Wakaba Yutani, Maho Sugimoto, Kazuo Miyashita, Mikio Kinoshita","doi":"10.3390/metabo15030147","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15030147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Ceramide 2-aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP), a major sphingolipid class in mollusks, possesses unique structures that are not observed in other sphingolipids. CAEP has a carbon-phosphorus bond and unusual long-chain bases (LCBs). CAEP has been reported to exhibit nutritional functions, such as improving skin conditions and promoting cholesterol metabolism. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the role of dietary CAEP in the formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and colon inflammation induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in mice. <b>Methods</b>: Five-week-old female Bagg Albino/c mice were divided into four groups (<i>n</i> = 11), which were treated with the respective experimental diet and DMH intraperitoneal injection nine times for ten weeks. The results obtained after administering CAEP were compared with those obtained after administering sphingomyelin (SPM), which is a major sphingolipid in mammal-derived foods. <b>Results</b>: The predominant LCB in the octopus-extracted CAEP was determined as hexadeca-4-sphingenine. Dietary CAEP suppressed the formation of ACF, and egg yolk-derived dietary SPM exerted a higher suppressive effect on the formation of ACF. Additionally, dietary CAEP suppressed the DMH-decreased expressions of two inflammation-related cytokines in the colon mucosa, whereas dietary SPM normalized the expressions of two cytokines different from those suppressed by CAEP. <b>Conclusions</b>: CAEP provides intestinal protection, with effects that differ from those of SPM. The polar head groups or LCBs in sphingolipids are important for determining their nutritional function in the intestine. The study findings contribute toward the understanding of the nutritional benefits of sphingolipids in daily diets or supplements in maintaining intestinal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Chalcone Synthase-like Bacterial Protein Catalyzes Heterocyclic C-Ring Cleavage of Naringenin to Alter Bioactivity Against Nuclear Receptors in Colonic Epithelial Cells.","authors":"Ebru Ece Gülşan, Farrhin Nowshad, Meredith Davis Leigh, Jimmy Walter Crott, Hyejin Park, Greg Martin, Stephen Safe, Robert S Chapkin, Arul Jayaraman, Kyongbum Lee","doi":"10.3390/metabo15030146","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15030146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gut microbial metabolism of dietary flavonoids leads to a diverse array of bioactive products that are closely associated with human health. Combining enzyme promiscuity prediction, metabolomics, and in vitro model systems, we identified a chalcone-synthase-like bacterial polyketide synthase that can initiate the metabolism of naringenin by catalyzing the C-ring cleavage. This was validated using a mutant strain of the model organism <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (ATCC 23857). Our prediction-validation methodology could be used to systematically characterize the products of gut bacterial flavonoid metabolism and identify the responsible enzymes and species. In vitro experiments with Caco-2 cells revealed that naringenin and its bacterial metabolites differentially engage the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and orphan nuclear receptor 4A (NR4A). These results suggest that metabolism by gut bacterial species could directly impact the profile of bioactive flavonoids and influence inflammatory responses in the intestine. These results are significant for understanding gut-microbiota-dependent physiological effects of dietary flavonoids.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoimmune Processes and Chronic Inflammation as Independent Risk Factors for Metabolic Complications in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.","authors":"Katarzyna Suchta, Natalia Zeber-Lubecka, Monika Grymowicz, Roman Smolarczyk, Maria Kulecka, Ewa E Hennig","doi":"10.3390/metabo15030141","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15030141","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) have a high prevalence in women of reproductive age. PCOS can lead to long-term adverse health effects such as obesity, diabetes, and increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk. Although it is known that subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism may also worsen body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, and metabolic risk, there are few studies on the impact of elevated thyroid autoantibodies alone and associated chronic inflammation on metabolic complications in women with PCOS. The main aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of AITD among Polish women with PCOS and the metabolic impact of the co-occurrence of both diseases in euthyroid individuals. The additional aim was a review of the literature on the prevalence of co-occurrence of PCOS and AITD and the metabolic consequences of this condition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 424 women aged 16-46 years were recruited into the study-230 women diagnosed with PCOS and 194 women diagnosed with PCOS and co-occurrence of euthyroid AITD. Before participating in the study, patients signed a written informed consent. The study was approved by the local ethics committee. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (v.25). A mini-review of the literature was performed using the PubMed database.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Women with co-occurrence of PCOS and euthyroid AITD had statistically significantly higher serum levels of total cholesterol (189.57 mg/dL vs. 180.16 mg/dL; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.005; d Cohen's = -0.278), LDL-cholesterol (109.80 mg/dL vs. 102.01 mg/dL; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.009; d Cohen's = -0.256), and triglycerides (107.77 mg/dL vs. 96.82 mg/dL; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.027; d Cohen's = -0.219) compared to women with PCOS. The difference was observed regardless of body weight. BMI was also statistically significantly higher in the PCOS-AITD group (27.55 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; vs. 25.46 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003; d Cohen's = -0.319), as was the prevalence of obesity (32.5% vs. 20.7%; Chi-square = 7.956; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.047). The mini-review of the literature did not find many studies evaluating the impact of thyroid autoantibodies on metabolic outcomes in PCOS euthyroid women, and the data are still inconclusive.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The presence of elevated serum concentrations of thyroid autoantibodies in euthyroid women with PCOS increases the risk of obesity and metabolic consequences. It is observed even in euthyroid and non-obese individuals. Consequently, the cardiovascular risk in these women may be higher than in PCOS women without elevated thyroid autoantibodies. It is important to assess thyroid autoantibodies in all women with PCOS. In euthyroid PCOS women with co-occurrence of elevated serum levels of thyroid autoantibodies, it is crucial to pay more attention to maintaining an appropriate body mass index. There is an urgent need for further studies in","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}