Gadolinium in the Environment: A Double-Edged Sword for Plant Growth and Ecosystem Stability.

IF 3.4 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Metabolites Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI:10.3390/metabo15060415
Marlena Tomczuk, Beata Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz, Andrzej Bajguz
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Abstract

Gadolinium, a rare earth element, is increasingly released into the environment due to its widespread applications in medical imaging, industry, and agriculture. This review explores the dual role of gadolinium in plant systems, highlighting its potential benefits at subtoxic concentrations and detrimental effects at higher levels. At subtoxic doses, gadolinium can enhance plant growth, metabolism, and stress tolerance by promoting enzymatic activity and nutrient absorption. However, elevated concentrations induce oxidative stress, disrupt nutrient uptake, and impair photosynthesis, leading to cellular damage and reduced growth. The bioaccumulation of gadolinium in plant tissues raises concerns about its trophic transfer within food chains and its broader ecological impact. Current evidence suggests that previously regarded as stable and inert gadolinium complexes can degrade under environmental conditions, increasing their bioavailability and toxicity. Despite its potential for agricultural applications, including improving crop resilience, the ecological risks associated with gadolinium remain poorly understood. Addressing these risks requires coordinated efforts to optimize gadolinium usage, develop advanced waste management strategies, and enhance monitoring of its environmental presence. This review emphasizes the need for in-depth research on gadolinium interactions with plants and ecosystems to balance its industrial benefits with environmental sustainability.

环境中的钆:植物生长和生态系统稳定的双刃剑。
钆是一种稀土元素,由于其在医学成像、工业和农业中的广泛应用,越来越多地释放到环境中。这篇综述探讨了钆在植物系统中的双重作用,强调了其在亚毒性浓度下的潜在益处和在较高浓度下的有害影响。在亚毒性剂量下,钆可以通过促进酶活性和营养吸收来促进植物生长、代谢和逆境耐受性。然而,浓度升高会引起氧化应激,破坏营养吸收,损害光合作用,导致细胞损伤和生长减慢。钆在植物组织中的生物积累引起了人们对其在食物链中的营养转移及其更广泛的生态影响的关注。目前的证据表明,以前被认为是稳定和惰性的钆配合物可以在环境条件下降解,增加其生物利用度和毒性。尽管它在农业应用方面具有潜力,包括提高作物的抗灾能力,但与钆相关的生态风险仍然知之甚少。解决这些风险需要协调努力,优化钆的使用,制定先进的废物管理战略,并加强对其环境存在的监测。本文强调需要深入研究钆与植物和生态系统的相互作用,以平衡其工业效益和环境可持续性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Metabolites
Metabolites Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Molecular Biology
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
7.30%
发文量
1070
审稿时长
17.17 days
期刊介绍: Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal of metabolism and metabolomics. Metabolites publishes original research articles and review articles in all molecular aspects of metabolism relevant to the fields of metabolomics, metabolic biochemistry, computational and systems biology, biotechnology and medicine, with a particular focus on the biological roles of metabolites and small molecule biomarkers. Metabolites encourages scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on article length. Sufficient experimental details must be provided to enable the results to be accurately reproduced. Electronic material representing additional figures, materials and methods explanation, or supporting results and evidence can be submitted with the main manuscript as supplementary material.
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