Materials Today Bio最新文献

{"title":"Recent development of micro-nano carriers for oral antineoplastic drug delivery","authors":"Hongzheng Li ,&nbsp;Xiang Chen ,&nbsp;Shangrui Rao ,&nbsp;Minyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Jianhua Lu ,&nbsp;Danna Liang ,&nbsp;Bingzi Zhu ,&nbsp;Letian Meng ,&nbsp;Ji Lin ,&nbsp;Xiaoya Ding ,&nbsp;Qingfei Zhang ,&nbsp;Danhong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemotherapy is widely recognized as a highly efficacious modality for cancer treatment, involving the administration of chemotherapeutic agents to target and eradicate tumor cells. Currently, oral administration stands as the prevailing and widely utilized method of delivering chemotherapy drugs. However, the majority of anti-tumor medications exhibit limited solubility and permeability, and poor stability in harsh gastrointestinal environments, thereby impeding their therapeutic efficacy for chemotherapy. Therefore, more and more micro-nano drug delivery carriers have been developed and used to effectively deliver anti-cancer drugs, which can overcome physiological barriers, facilitate oral administration, and ultimately improve drug efficacy. In this paper, we first discuss the effects of various biological barriers on micro-nano drug carriers and oral administration approach. Then, the development of micro-nano drug carriers based on various biomedical components, such as micelles, dendrimers, hydrogels, liposomes, inorganic nanoparticles, etc. were introduced. Finally, the current dilemma and the potential of oral drug delivery for clinical treatment were discussed. The primary objective of this review is to introduce various oral delivery methods and serve as a point of reference for the advancement of novel oral delivery carriers, with the ultimate goal of informing the development of future clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18310,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Bio","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101445"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11762190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A screening setup to streamline in vitro engineered living material cultures with the host","authors":"Krupansh Desai ,&nbsp;Shrikrishnan Sankaran ,&nbsp;Aránzazu del Campo ,&nbsp;Sara Trujillo","doi":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineered living materials (ELMs), which usually comprise bacteria, fungi, or animal cells entrapped in polymeric matrices, offer limitless possibilities in fields like drug delivery or biosensing. Determining the conditions that sustain ELM performance while ensuring compatibility with ELM hosts is essential before testing them in vivo. This is critical to reduce animal experimentation and can be achieved through <em>in vitro</em> investigations. Currently, there are no standards that ensure ELM compatibility with host tissues. Towards this goal, we designed a 96-well plate-based screening method to streamline ELM growth across culture conditions and determine their compatibility potential <em>in vitro</em>. We showed proliferation of three bacterial species encapsulated in hydrogels over time and screened six different cell culture media. We fabricated ELMs in bilayer and monolayer formats and tracked bacterial leakage as a measure of ELM biocontainment. After screening, an appropriate medium was selected that sustained growth of an ELM, and it was used to study cytocompatibility <em>in vitro</em>. ELM cytotoxicity on murine fibroblasts and human monocytes was studied by adding ELM supernatants and measuring cell membrane integrity and live/dead staining, respectively, proving ELM cytocompatibility. Our work illustrates a simple setup to streamline the screening of compatible environmental conditions of ELMs with the host.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18310,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Bio","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101437"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doxorubicin-loaded PEGylated liposome modified with ANGPT2-specific peptide for integrative glioma-targeted imaging and therapy","authors":"Hongyan Li ,&nbsp;Rong Gan ,&nbsp;Jiadi Liu ,&nbsp;Duling Xu ,&nbsp;Qiyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Haidong Tian ,&nbsp;Huijun Guo ,&nbsp;Haijun Wang ,&nbsp;Zhimin Wang ,&nbsp;Xianwu Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liposomal nanocarriers are able to carry peptides for efficient and selective delivery of radioactive tracer and drugs into the tumors. Angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) is an excellent biomarker for precise diagnosis and therapy of glioma. The present study aimed to design ANGPT2-specific peptides to modify the surface of nanoliposomes containing doxorubicin (Dox) for integrative imaging and targeting therapy of glioma. The targeted ANGPT2 peptides were designed using the molecular operating environment. Peptide-conjugated PEGlated liposomes containing Dox (peptide-Lipo@Dox) were prepared for radionuclide and drug delivery. Glioma cell functions were determined based on cell cycle and viability, apoptosis, cell invasion and migration, and colony-formation assays. The anti-tumor effect of peptide-Lipo@Dox was validated in intracranial U87-MG cell glioma-bearing mice <em>in vivo</em>. The peptides GSFIHSVPRH (GSF) and HSVPRHEV (HSV) showed specific affinity for ANGPT2 and a better cellular uptake in U87-MG cells. Micro-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging was used to visualize the orthotopic transplantation of glioma in the brain 1 h after injection of radionuclide ⁶⁸Ga-labeled peptide-Lipo@Dox. Lipo@Dox with peptide modification demonstrated stable Dox loading, small sizes (&lt;40 nm), and enrichment in the tumor region of the mouse brain. Peptide-Lipo@Dox treatment inhibited the Tie-2/Akt/Foxo-1 pathway, thereby inhibiting cell invasion and migration, cell viability, and colony-forming ability of U87-MG cells. Lipo@Dox peptide modification showed a better suppression of glioma development than Lipo@Dox. Thus, the ANGPT2-specific peptides were successfully designed, and the PEGylated liposome modified with ANGPT2-specific peptide served as part of a potent delivery method for integrative glioma-targeted imaging and therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18310,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Bio","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101455"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11762577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital light processing printing of non-modified protein-only compositions","authors":"Ayelet Bunin ,&nbsp;Orit Harari-Steinberg ,&nbsp;Doron Kam ,&nbsp;Tatyana Kuperman ,&nbsp;Moran Friedman-Gohas ,&nbsp;Bruria Shalmon ,&nbsp;Liraz Larush ,&nbsp;Shay I. Duvdevani ,&nbsp;Shlomo Magdassi","doi":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the utilization of digital light processing (DLP) printing to fabricate complex structures using native gelatin as the sole structural component for applications in biological implants. Unlike approaches relying on synthetic materials or chemically modified biopolymers, this research harnesses the inherent properties of gelatin to create biocompatible structures. The printing process is based on a crosslinking mechanism using a di-tyrosine formation initiated by visible light irradiation. Formulations containing gelatin were found to be printable at the maximum documented concentration of 30 wt%, thus allowing the fabrication of overhanging objects and open embedded. Cell adhesion and growth onto and within the gelatin-based 3D constructs were evaluated by examining two implant fabrication techniques: (1) cell seeding onto the printed scaffold and (2) printing compositions that contain cells (cell-laden). The preliminary biological experiments indicate that both the cell-seeding and cell-laden strategies enable making 3D cultures of chondrocytes within the gelatin constructs. The mechanical properties of the gelatin scaffolds have a compressive modulus akin to soft tissues, thus enabling the growth and proliferation of cells, and later degrade as the cells differentiate and form a grown cartilage. This study underscores the potential of utilizing non-modified protein-only bioinks in DLP printing to produce intricate 3D objects with high fidelity, paving the way for advancements in regenerative tissue engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18310,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Bio","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101384"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11714671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel ultrasound-driven piezoelectric GBR membrane dispersed with boron nitride nanotubes promotes bone regeneration and anti-bacterial properties","authors":"Keshi Zhu ,&nbsp;Ruixue Li ,&nbsp;Shi Yin ,&nbsp;Fei Yang ,&nbsp;Yang Sun ,&nbsp;Yixiao Xing ,&nbsp;Yiling Yang ,&nbsp;Wanjing Xu ,&nbsp;Youcheng Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bone graft absorption and infection are the major challenges to guided bone regeneration(GBR), yet the GBR membrane is neither osteogenic nor antibacterial. Hence, we followed sono-piezo therapy strategy by fabricating an electrospun membrane dispersed with boron nitride nanotubes. The PLLA/Gelatine/PDA@BNNT (PGBT) membrane has improved mechanical and biocompatible properties and generate piezovoltages of 130 mV when activated by ultrasound stimulation under 100 mW/cm² without extra polarization. The PGBT with ultrasound is conducive to cellular osteogenesis, barrier function, and shows antibacterial rate of about 40 %. The rat cranial defect experiments revealed that PGBT with ultrasound could promote osteogenesis in-vivo and show great potentials for vertical bone defect repair.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18310,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Bio","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101418"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrophage-mimicking nanotherapy for attenuation of acute pancreatitis","authors":"Fengyu Shi ,&nbsp;Akmal Ergashev ,&nbsp;Zhenyan Pan ,&nbsp;Hongwei Sun ,&nbsp;Lingming Kong ,&nbsp;Yuepeng Jin ,&nbsp;Tan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhu Liu ,&nbsp;Haonan Xie ,&nbsp;Jinhui Wang ,&nbsp;Huiping Li ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Lifei Zheng ,&nbsp;Jianliang Shen ,&nbsp;Andreas Herrmann ,&nbsp;Gang Chen ,&nbsp;Hongru Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a highly fatal pancreatic inflammation. In recent years, synthetic nanoparticles have been extensively developed as drug carriers to address the challenges of systemic adverse reactions and lack of specificity in drug delivery. However, systemically administered nanoparticle therapy is rapidly cleared from circulation by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), leading to suboptimal drug concentrations in inflamed tissues and suboptimal pharmacokinetics. To address this challenge, we herein demonstrate a surface masking strategy that involves coating the surface of selenylated Poria cocos polysaccharide nanoparticles with a layer of macrophage plasma membrane to circumvent MPS sequestration, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of selenylated Poria cocos polysaccharide nanoparticles. Nanoparticles encapsulated with macrophage membranes can simulate the active homing efficacy of macrophages to inflamed lesions during AP, resulting in excessive infiltration of macrophages in pancreatic inflammation sites and prolonged tissue retention time. This technique converts non-adhesive lipid nanoparticles into bioadhesive nanoparticles, increasing local tissue accumulation under inflammatory conditions, including the pancreas and vulnerable lungs. The mechanism is related to targeting pro-inflammatory macrophages. In murine models of mild and severe AP, intravenous treatment with macrophage-mimicking nanoparticles effectively reduces systemic inflammation level and diminishes the recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils. Mechanistic studies elucidate that macrophage membrane-biomimetic selenylated Poria cocos polysaccharide nanoparticles primarily mitigate pancreatic inflammation by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR pathway to reverse autophagic flux impairment. This allows us to envision that the developed biomimetic nanotherapy approach could potentially serve as a novel strategy for pancreatic drug therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18310,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Bio","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101406"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11733200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional drug delivery nanoparticles for combined chemotherapy/chemodynamic/photothermal therapy against colorectal cancer through synergistic cuproptosis/ferroptosis/apoptosis","authors":"Xiuzhang Yan ,&nbsp;Heshi Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Guo ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Shichen Zhang ,&nbsp;Xue Wang ,&nbsp;Yixin Tang ,&nbsp;Rui Zhou ,&nbsp;Xin Jiang ,&nbsp;Erlei Wang ,&nbsp;Shuohui Gao ,&nbsp;Caina Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of combination therapies that employ a variety of cell death mechanisms has emerged as a promising avenue of research in the treatment of cancer. However, the optimization of therapeutic synergies when integrating different modes remains a significant challenge. To this end, we developed a multifunctional intelligent drug-carrying nanoparticle (DFMTCH NPs) based on the metal-organic framework MIL-100, loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and disulfiram (DSF), coated with a Cu-tannic acid (Cu-TA) network and hyaluronic acid (HA), for the purpose of combined chemotherapy/chemodynamic/photothermal anti-cancer therapy. On the one hand, the DFMTCH NPs exhibited a range of therapeutic capabilities, including chemotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), and chemodynamic therapy (CDT), which collectively enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, DFMTCH NPs proved sensitive photoacoustic imaging (PAI) in image-guided therapy. On the other hand, DFMTCH NPs could produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consume glutathione (GSH) by amplifying cellular oxidative stress, while causing intracellular mitochondrial dysfunction, inducing effective cuproptosis/ferroptosis/apoptosis to inhibit tumor growth. Collectively, this work provided an innovative strategy for designing multifunctional nanoparticles for effective combination therapies to combat colorectal cancer (CRC).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18310,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Bio","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101427"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalized biomimetic nanoparticles loaded with salvianolic acid B for synergistic targeted triple-negative breast cancer treatment","authors":"Nuo Cheng ,&nbsp;Qianqian Zhou ,&nbsp;Zongfang Jia ,&nbsp;Yang Mu ,&nbsp;Sheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Yunna Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is unsatisfactory. The immune \"cold\" microenvironment caused by tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) has an adverse effect on the antitumor response. Therefore, in this study, mixed cell membrane-coated porous magnetic nanoparticles (PMNPs) were constructed to deliver salvianolic acid B (SAB) to induce an antitumor immune response, facilitating the transition from a \"cold\" to a \"hot\" tumor and ultimately enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. PMNP-SAB, which is based on a mixed coating of red blood cell membrane and TAF membrane (named PMNP-SAB@RTM), can simultaneously achieve the dual effects of \"immune escape\" and \"homologous targeting\". Under the influence of an external magnetic field (MF), SAB can be targeted and concentrated at the tumor site. The SAB released in tumors can effectively inhibit the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) by TAFs, promote T-cell infiltration, and induce antitumor immune responses. Ultimately, the combination of PMNP-SAB@RTM and BMS-1 (PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor 1) effectively inhibited tumor growth. Finally, this study presents a precise and effective new strategy for TNBC immunotherapy on the basis of the differentiation of \"cold\" and \"hot\" microenvironments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18310,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Bio","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101441"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11762562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-drug loaded chondroitin sulfate embolization beads enhance TACE therapy for HCC by integrating embolization, chemotherapy, and anti-angiogenesis","authors":"Jin-Xin Huang ,&nbsp;Rui Yang ,&nbsp;Huan Long ,&nbsp;Jie Kong ,&nbsp;Guo-Qiang Shao ,&nbsp;Fei Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health threat due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), the primary treatment for intermediate-to-advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), commonly utilizes embolic agents loaded with anthracycline-based cytotoxic drugs. Post-TACE, the hypoxic microenvironment in the tumor induced by embolization stimulates the formation of new blood vessels, potentially leading to revascularization and diminishing TACE's efficacy. In clinical practice, combined therapy for liver cancer using TACE and oral targeted drugs often encounters the limitation that targeted drugs cannot efficiently reach the tumor site following TACE. We have developed chondroitin sulfate microspheres (CMs) capable of encapsulating both the cytotoxic drug idarubicin (Ida) and the vascular inhibitor Lenvatinib (Len), thereby achieving a triple therapeutic effect on liver cancer: embolic starvation, drug toxicity, and efficient inhibition of neovascularization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18310,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Bio","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101419"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inactivation of antibiotic resistant bacteria by nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots through spontaneous generation of intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species","authors":"Weibo Xia ,&nbsp;Zixia Wu ,&nbsp;Bingying Hou ,&nbsp;Zhang Cheng ,&nbsp;Dechuang Bi ,&nbsp;Luya Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Heyang Yuan ,&nbsp;Leo H. Koole ,&nbsp;Lei Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread antibiotic resistance has called for alternative antimicrobial agents. Carbon nanomaterials, especially carbon quantum dots (CQDs), may be promising alternatives due to their desirable physicochemical properties and potential antimicrobial activity, but their antimicrobial mechanism remains to be investigated. In this study, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) were synthesized to inactivate antibiotic-resistant bacteria and treat bacterial keratitis. N-CQDs synthesized via a facile hydrothermal approach displayed a uniform particle size of less than 10 nm, featuring a graphitic carbon structure and functional groups including -OH and -NH₂. The N-CQDs demonstrated antimicrobial activity against <em>Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)</em> and methicillin-resistant <em>S. aureus</em>, which was both dose- and time-dependent, reducing the survival rate to below 1 %. The antimicrobial activity was confirmed by live/dead staining. In <em>in vivo</em> studies, the N-CQDs were more efficient in treating drug-resistant bacterial keratitis and reducing corneal damage compared to the common antibiotic levofloxacin. The N-CQDs were shown to generate intracellular and extracellular ROS, which potentially caused oxidative stress, membrane disruption, and cell death. This antimicrobial mechanism was supported by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, significant regulation of genes related to oxidative stress, and increased protein and lactate dehydrogenase leakage. This study has provided insight into the development, application, and mechanism of N-CQDs in antimicrobial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18310,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Bio","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101428"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}