Journal of thermal biology最新文献

{"title":"Machine learning in multi-spectral thermal imaging for enhanced detection of neurological disorders through thermoplasmonics","authors":"P. Anu ,&nbsp;Priti Sharma ,&nbsp;Harish Kumar ,&nbsp;Neetu Sharma ,&nbsp;Priyanka Rani ,&nbsp;K. Immanuvel Arokia James","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal imaging is employed as a non-invasive diagnosing instrument in various medical practices, especially neurology. This paper delineates a systematic methodology for the development and evaluation of a multi-spectral thermal imaging system for detecting neurological diseases.</div><div>The proposed methodology incorporates three spectral types, specifically Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR), Mid-Wave Infrared (MWIR), and Near-Infrared (NIR), along with artificial neural networks (ANNs). This comprehensive integration enables several critical capabilities: First, the imaging of both surface and the deep tissues’ temperature changes, offering information about the neural activity at varying depths. Second, it enables the identification of low-contrast temperature changes detected with high-resolution. Third, it facilitates measuring the level of neural activity based on the thermal profile data.</div><div>This system demonstrates outstanding diagnostic metrics, such as an AUC of 0.923 (95 % CI: in addition, the specificity index is 0, and sensitivity ranges from 0.897 to 0.949, and the F1 score ranges from 0.891 to 0.917), rendering it clinically viable. It also achieved a moderate diagnostic accuracy of approximately 88.6 % for various neurological disorders.</div><div>This study contributes towards the further advancement of thermal imaging technology for diagnosing neurological disorders in more efficient and non-invasive manners, thereby enhancing the early screening potential for various neurological pathologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 104102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legs are primary heat exchangers in nest-bound White storks","authors":"Julián Cabello-Vergel ,&nbsp;José A. Masero ,&nbsp;Auxiliadora Villegas ,&nbsp;Jorge S. Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endotherms must manage heat fluxes under changing environmental conditions to maintain safe core body temperatures. An important mechanism for energy management is peripheral heterothermy. Despite growing evidence that birds’ bare body parts such as legs and bills can serve as effective thermal windows (i.e. areas of controlled heat loss), the function and importance of such body regions likely differ across species and ecological contexts. This might be particularly important for birds breeding in exposed locations (such as open nests) that promote rapid heat gain and loss. Combining thermal imaging with weather data we assess the thermoregulatory role of various body parts (eye region, bill, gular skin, and legs) in White storks (<em>Ciconia ciconia</em>) breeding in Southwestern Iberia. In doing so, we also test whether adults and nestlings differ in their capacity to modulate surface temperature (T_surf) through these regions across a wide range of environmental temperatures (T_air = 15–38 °C). Our analyses showed that White storks finely tuned T_surf of all the regions tested in response to T_air, with nestlings showing an overall poorer capacity to modulate T_surf under colder conditions (T_air &lt; 20 °C). Notably, only the legs served as effective thermal windows in adult storks, with dry heat loss through these appendages representing up to 70 % of basal metabolic rate. Thus, passive heat exchange through the legs can significantly contribute to alleviate heat stress in nest-bound White storks. Yet, further work is needed to better understand the ontogeny of thermal windows in the face of climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 104105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating abnormal cold sensitivity among vibration-exposed workers using hand cold stress testing: A clinical cross-sectional study","authors":"Albin Stjernbrandt,&nbsp;Ingrid Liljelind,&nbsp;Jens Wahlström,&nbsp;Tohr Nilsson,&nbsp;Hans Pettersson","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Workers exposed to hand-arm vibration (HAV) commonly experience discomfort in their hands when cold. There is a lack of diagnostic tests for such abnormal cold sensitivity. The main aim of our study was to evaluate the results of cold stress testing in relation to self-reported cold sensitivity among HAV-exposed workers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recruited 225 workers exposed to HAV who responded to a written screening question about cold sensitivity. Cold stress testing was conducted, where the right hand was immersed in 3.0 °C circulating water for up to 60 seconds. The tolerance time for immersion as well as continuous pain ratings on a digital visual analog scale (ranging from 0 to 100 millimeters) were recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study sample consisted of 208 males (92.4 %) and 17 females, with a mean (SD) age of 40.6 (13.7) years. Among the 190 workers that completed cold stress testing, the mean (SD) tolerance time was 43.7 (16.4) seconds, mean (SD) maximum pain rating 69.8 (27.6) millimeters, and mean (SD) time to maximum pain 38.7 (15.9) seconds. Cold sensitivity was reported by 54 workers (24.1 %). Cold sensitivity was not statistically significantly associated with tolerance time or maximum pain rating, but symptomatic workers had a shorter time to maximum pain (<em>p</em> = 0.018).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Workers who reported cold sensitivity experienced a more rapid increase in cold-related pain, had a tendency towards shorter tolerance time but did not differ in maximum pain ratings. Further studies are needed to determine how to effectively investigate cold sensitivity among HAV-exposed workers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 104125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a prediction model for hyperthermia-enhanced drug delivery using thermosensitive nanoparticles","authors":"Fatemeh Bahrami Einolghasi ,&nbsp;Behnam Zeinali ,&nbsp;Kambiz Vafai ,&nbsp;Afsaneh Mojra","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Therapies targeting solid tumors are often hindered by drug resistance mechanisms, which presenting significant challenges. This study investigates the synergistic effect of hyperthermia and chemotherapy by utilizing thermosensitive nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance drug uptake by cancer cells. The thermoresponsive nature of NPs enables precise drug release under hyperthermic conditions, making them ideal for localized treatment. To achieve this, we developed a multi-component numerical model of focused ultrasound-enhanced doxorubicin delivery using tumor-targeting nanoparticles. The model incorporates critical factors such as blood coagulation and non-Fourier heat transfer, and it was validated against experimental results, thereby enhancing the reliability and accuracy of our findings. Ultimately, a prediction model was developed to estimate heat-driven irreversible cell damage in relation to heating power and NP size. The results demonstrated a remarkable 13-fold increase in drug penetration and a 4.6-fold enhancement in the fraction of killed cells with hyperthermia. These findings underscore the importance of accurately controlling the temperature field and heating power for optimal hyperthermia-assisted chemotherapy outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 104124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of accidental hypothermia: Impact of insulation placement above or below an active external rewarming device on temperature and burn risk","authors":"Sigurd Mydske ,&nbsp;Guttorm Brattebø ,&nbsp;Ane Marthe Helland ,&nbsp;Øystein Wiggen ,&nbsp;Jörg Aßmus ,&nbsp;Øyvind Thomassen","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Prehospital treatment of accidental hypothermia typically involves using active external rewarming, usually either with chemical or electrical heating pads. Active external rewarming is a recommended treatment method, but carries the risk of burn injury, which can occur if tissue temperature exceeds 43 °C. Some device manufacturers discourage direct skin contact; however, there are no recommendations regarding type or amount of insulating material that should be placed between the patient and the device. We aimed to describe the impact of different insulating materials above and below various devices on the temperature at the contact area.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three different active external rewarming devices were suspended above a thermal imaging camera capable of recording the peak and average temperature of a surface area. Nine different scenarios with varying layers of insulation above and below the device, were tested over a 20-min period. The devices included an electric resistive heat pad, an oxygen-activated chemical heating blanket, and a sodium acetate chemical heat pack. Peak surface temperature was recorded every 30 s, and average surface temperature was calculated after each test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nine scenarios for three different devices were tested, resulting in 27 experiments. Development of peak surface temperature varied between devices. The electric device reached a highest average temperature of 42.9 °C and a peak temperature of 51.4 °C. The oxygen-reactive chemical heating device reached a highest average temperature of 27.2 °C, with a peak temperature of 57.5 °C. The sodium acetate chemical heat pack reached a highest average temperature of 50.4 °C and a peak temperature of 56.2 °C.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The devices demonstrated different temperature development characteristics depending on amount and relative placement of insulation, and all had the potential to exceed the threshold of potential thermal injury to the skin. Rescuers need to be aware of both the benefits and risks associated with the rewarming devices they use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 104126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of generalized two-dimensional bioheat problem in the context of memory-dependent derivative","authors":"Prajjwal Parmar ,&nbsp;Subhadip Karmakar ,&nbsp;Abhijit Lahiri ,&nbsp;Smita Pal Sarkar","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding heat transfer and thermo-mechanical interactions in skin tissue is vital for effective thermal treatments. This study aims to analytically investigate the effect of Memory Dependent Derivative (MDD) on a two-dimensional Dual Phase Lag (DPL) bio-heat transfer model in skin tissue, utilizing the displacement potential approach. The surface boundary of the half-space experiences a thermal response under ramp-type heating conditions, with zero traction applied. To solve the governing equations, the study applies a combined Laplace–Fourier transform to obtain the field variables in the transformed domain. The Stehfest method and a seven-point Gaussian quadrature technique are employed for the simultaneous numerical inversion of these transforms. The results, presented graphically, illustrate the influence of ramp-type heating parameters <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, kernel functions <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>K</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>ζ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, and the time parameter <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> on the spatial variables <span><math><mi>x</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>y</mi></math></span>. The numerical results, along with the graphical representations, demonstrate that the memory effects significantly influence the distribution of the analyzed field variables.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 104107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The jumping performance of two Eleutherodactylus frog species: the effect of temperature","authors":"Gisela Mía Crespo-Martínez ,&nbsp;Neftalí Ríos-López ,&nbsp;Raymond Tremblay ,&nbsp;Alberto Sabat","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study was undertaken to understand the species-specific response and the effect of changes in ambient temperature on the jumping performance of two congeneric tropical frog species, environmental specialist <em>Eleutherodactylus wightmanae</em> and environmental generalist <em>Eleutherodactylus coqui</em>, obtained from three distinct populations across their east-west longitudinal range in Puerto Rico. Three environmental temperatures currently experienced in their natural habitat were selected for treatments: 18 °C, 21 °C, and 24 °C. Jumping performance was determined by the average distance traveled per jump and the average speed per jump based on three consecutive jumps. A significant increase in distance per jump was observed in both species with the temperature treatment of 24 °C, resulting in the longest jump. On average, the specialist <em>Eleutherodactylus wightmanae</em> outperformed the generalist <em>Eleutherodactylus coqui</em>, but the effect was largely affected by temperature treatment and location. At a population level, individuals of both species obtained from the Toro Negro Forest jumped farther than individuals from Maricao and Cayey. Speed per jump was not affected by temperature treatments; instead, differences in speed were observed at the population (i.e. locality) and species level. Individuals of <em>Eleutherodactylus coqui</em> obtained from the Cayey Forest were significantly slower than all other sites in all treatments. In contrast, individuals of <em>Eleutherodactylus wightmanae</em> from the Maricao Forest were slowest in all treatments. The study provides evidence of the species-specific response to increases in temperature and the local adaptation capabilities and thermal plasticity observed across the longitudinal range for two frog species of Puerto Rico. The study also reinstates multifactorial aspects concerning anuran physiology and how biotic conditions affect their performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 104113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of heat stress and mastitis induced by K. pneumoniae on inflammation responses and blood-milk barrier in rats","authors":"Jia Guo ,&nbsp;Qinqin Cao ,&nbsp;Zhihao Wang ,&nbsp;Pengzi Wang ,&nbsp;Kangjun Liu ,&nbsp;Long Guo ,&nbsp;Junsheng Dong ,&nbsp;Luying Cui ,&nbsp;Jianji Li ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Xia Meng ,&nbsp;Heng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incidence of bovine mastitis caused by <em>K. pneumoniae</em> increases during summer. This experiment aimed to clarify the connection between heat stress and <em>K. pneumoniae</em>-induced mastitis in terms of inflammatory responses and barrier function. From day 9–16 of the postpartum period, lactating rats were exposed to 35 °C in the daytime and 29 °C at night to establish a heat stress model. On day 8 of the heat stress treatment, the rat mastitis model was established by intramammary infection with <em>K. pneumoniae</em> through the milk ducts. At 12 h post-infection, the rectal temperature, serum biochemistry, <em>K. pneumoniae</em> burden, as well as histopathology, epithelium integrity, inflammatory response, and HSP70 expression of the mammary glands were detected. The results showed that heat-stressed rats with <em>K. pneumoniae</em> infection displayed higher rectal temperatures, more neutrophil infiltration, and more significant pathological damage to the acinar lumen. Heat stress promoted the disruption of the structural integrity of tight junction and the downregulation of relative protein expressions (ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-3) as a consequence of the increased production of inflammatory parameters (endotoxin, MPO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) by accelerating NF-κB pathway activation and HSP70 expression after <em>K. pneumoniae</em> infection. Thus, heat stress disrupts mammary epithelium integrity, contributing to the pathogen invasion, and aggravates intramammary damage during <em>K. pneumoniae</em> mastitis by facilitating barrier disruption and inflammatory response, which could trigger more severe mastitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 104114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the influence of spatiotemporal distribution of skin contact temperature on perceived thermal sensation in human fingers","authors":"Jinu Sudhakaran ,&nbsp;Jung Kyung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The temperature distribution upon direct skin contact with a hot solid surface plays a critical role in the resulting human physiological response as it influences both thermal sensation and pain perception. This study aims to advance understanding regarding the skin contact temperature (T_SC) and its spatial distribution on the skin surface upon direct contact with a hot solid surface maintained at a fixed temperature (T_H) ranging from 50 to 70 °C, using an innovative visualization technique under controlled thermal conditions with human subjects. Results highlight significant gender-based differences in changes in the spatial summation of T_SC, with male subjects exhibit an average of 4.2 °C higher than that of female subjects at elevated T_H levels, while females adapt faster, resulting in longer pain onset times. Additionally, this study explores the effects of skin properties, specifically skin thickness and skin viscoelasticity, on changes in the spatial summation temperature (delta T_SC,S) and thermal sensitivity; the findings demonstrate limited influence at moderate T_H, with marginal effects at higher T_H. These insights have significant implications for the design and development of safer prosthetics, thermal devices, and haptic technologies. By establishing guidelines such as maintaining the delta T_SC,S value below 10 °C to mitigate pain onset, this research provides critical parameters for creating systems that accurately mimic human physiological responses to thermal input. Future studies should explore these thermal psychophysical responses across diverse populations and dynamic conditions to broaden the applicability of the insights gained by the present work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 104108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of duration and type of cold acclimation on the subsequent cold tolerance of a tenebrionid beetle","authors":"Samira Khodayari ,&nbsp;Stéphane A.P. Derocles ,&nbsp;David Renault","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of cold acclimation on the subsequent survival and recovery of cold-exposed adults of <em>Alphitobius diaperinus</em> (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) was examined. Acclimation conditions were: 1, 2, 4 and 8 days at 5, 10, 15, 25 °C and fluctuating temperatures of 5–10-15 °C (8:8:8 h). Acute and chronic cold stresses were induced by keeping beetles at −8 °C for 8 h and 0 °C for 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 days respectively. Survival was recorded after 5 days of recovery at 25 °C. The insects acclimated to 5, 10, 15 and 25 °C for 1 and 4 days were selected for metabolic response studies which was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Beetles acclimated at 25 °C (control) and beetles acclimated at 5 °C for 1 or 8 days did not survive after acute cold stress. Survival increased to 100 % after acute cold stress in beetles acclimated to fluctuating temperatures for 2 days. The lethal times for 50 % of the population (Lt₅₀) were calculated for beetles after chronic cold stress and range from 4.89 days in beetles acclimated to fluctuating temperatures for 4 days–0.018 days in beetles acclimated to 5 °C for 8 days. The metabolic profile analysis showed that proline exhibited the highest concentration in all experimental groups. Increases of alanine and glycine in cold acclimated beetles were observed. Glutamic acid had opposite pattern and decreased significantly in acclimated beetles at 5 °C for 4 days. Alanine accumulation and glutamic acid decrease suggest that alanine has derived from transamination of glutamic acid and pyruvate. Erythritol, sorbitol, arabitol, adonitol, xylitol, glucose and maltose were the polyols and sugars that have been accumulated in cold acclimated beetles especially at 5 °C. Mannose has only accumulated in 1d acclimated beetles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 104100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}