Journal of thermal biology最新文献

{"title":"Intermittent mild cold stimulation ameliorates hypothermic damage to broiler pectoral muscle by modulating the Nrf2/Keap1/AREs and AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathways","authors":"Yuanyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Qiang Xue ,&nbsp;Hongyu Wang ,&nbsp;Yong Zhang ,&nbsp;Shijie Zhang ,&nbsp;Haidong Wei ,&nbsp;Lu Xing ,&nbsp;Jianhong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the potential protective effect of intermittent cold stimulation in pectoral muscle of broilers. Firstly, we had divided broilers into control (CC) and cold exposure (C3 and C9) groups. Myoblasts were divided into control (C37) and cold exposure (C32 and C27) groups. The results showed that the value of L∗ (lightness) and a∗ (redness) in C9 group were lower than CC and C3 groups, whereas the value of b∗ (yellowness) and drip loss (Myofibre leakage and loss of water, iron and protein during the transition from muscle to meat) was higher than C3 group. The results showed that the mRNA and protein levels of HSPs were significantly higher in the C9 group compared with the CC group. Additionally, apoptosis-associated protein levels of Bcl-2/Bax, CytC, Caspase3, Caspase9 and Caspase8 were significantly elevated in the cold stimulation group, but the levels of Bcl-2/Bax were significantly reduced in the C9 group. Meanwhile, cold-stimulation increased CAT levels and activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway in the C3 group, but not in the C9 group. Moreover, AMPK and PGC-1α were significantly increased after cold stimulation. In vitro results showed that the protein levels of HSP60 and HSP70 were significantly reduced in the C32 and C27 groups compared with the C37 group. Moreover, apoptosis-related protein levels of Bcl-2/Bax, CytC, Caspase3, Caspase9 and Caspase8 were significantly increased in the cold-stimulated group. Cold stimulation increased the mRNA levels of GPx and decreased the mRNA levels of CAT and SOD2 in the C32 group. Meanwhile, the Nrf2 signaling pathway was activated in the cold-stimulated group. Additionally, AMPK and PGC-1α were significantly increased in the C32 group and significantly decreased in the C27 group compared with the C37 group. Therefore, intermittent mild cold-stimulation improved antioxidative function and energy metabolism by activated Nrf2/Keap1/AREs and AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway in broiler pectoral muscle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 104254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute stress-induced mortality in big Atlantic salmon at high temperatures is associated with insufficient oxygen uptake capacity","authors":"Malthe Hvas ,&nbsp;André Morin ,&nbsp;Ida B. Johansen ,&nbsp;Tone Vågseth","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal studies on fish can help us to understand their robustness to warming climates. Most experiments are performed on smaller individuals and may not represent larger life-stages owing to physiological scaling effects, particularly with regards to thermal tolerance and respiratory capacities. In this study, respirometry experiments were performed on big Atlantic salmon (<em>Salmo salar</em>) (≈4 kg) following 3-weeks acclimation to seawater of 9 °C or 19 °C. Additionally, gill and heart morphology traits were assessed. At 9 °C metabolic rates resembled earlier work on smaller fish. However, at 19 °C following stress exposure, 81 % died unexpectedly within ≈6 h while surviving fish struggled to recover a baseline metabolic rate. Most noteworthy was that maximum metabolic rates remained similar across temperature whereas smaller Atlantic salmon previously were found to increase their maximum metabolic rates until near-lethal temperatures. As standard metabolic rates also inevitably increases with temperature, aerobic scopes become reduced at 19 °C. Meanwhile lamellar density was unaffected, indicating similar gill surface areas. However, acclimation to 19 °C reduced ventricle roundness and symmetry, while bulbus width to ventricle width ratios increased. These changes presumably reflect adaptive responses to more metabolically demanding environments. Yet the fish appeared unable to supply sufficient oxygen at 19 °C during stress, which we attribute to physiological scaling constraints. Big Atlantic salmon were therefore more susceptible to stress-induced mortality at elevated temperatures, indicating reduced thermal tolerance relative to smaller individuals. This highlights the need to include larger fish in experiments as the underlying basis for thermal tolerance changes across large differences in body size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 104231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of microwave and radiofrequency ablations: A novel design for electrode-based radiofrequency ablation","authors":"Fahimeh Hamzavi,&nbsp;Mohammad Javad Karimi,&nbsp;Mahdi Bahadoran","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal ablation is a treatment modality for liver cancer that utilizes heat to destroy cancerous tissues. The numerical analysis of thermal ablation processes in liver tissue was studied using two different methods: microwave ablation (MWA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The effectiveness of both methods and the thermal characteristics of tumor ablation, including temperature distribution, temporal variation in temperature, volume of ablation, and destruction of cancerous tissue, were investigated. MWA requires less time for complete ablation than RFA and can generate larger ablation zones. Additionally, a novel electrode-based design for RFA, we call it Norfolk pine electrode (NPE), which focuses on ablating large and spherical tumors, has been proposed and analyzed. To the best of our knowledge, the conventional RFA designs, which utilize the Christmas tree electrode and umbrella electrode, are effective in ablating tumors smaller than <span><math><mrow><mn>3</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>c</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>. However, they fail to completely eradicate spherical tumors. Our proposed NPE can fully ablate spherical tumors larger than 3 cm, demonstrating faster and more effective tissue ablation with higher necrosis rates than the conventional umbrella-shaped electrode designs. This NPE could be a promising and practical advancement in the realm of tumor treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 104247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary micronutrient supplementation on growth and reproductive parameters in bull calves","authors":"Parul Kuraichya ,&nbsp;Prasanth M. Nair ,&nbsp;Rashika Srivastava ,&nbsp;Vaibhav Dhaigude ,&nbsp;Parul Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Mukesh Bhakat ,&nbsp;Veena Mani ,&nbsp;Goutam Mondal","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimal nutrition during early growth is crucial for enhancing calves' development and future productivity. This study evaluated the impact of supra-nutritional supplementation of specific micronutrients on growth, antioxidant status, immunity, and reproductive parameters in Sahiwal bull calves. Eighteen male calves (6 months old) were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 6): T1 (basal diet), T2 (25 % higher Zn, Mn, Vit. A &amp; E than in the basal diet), and T3 (50 % higher than in the basal diet). The trial lasted for 180 days. No significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) were observed among groups for body weight, morphometric measurements, average daily gain (0.54–0.57 kg/day), dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, or nitrogen balance. Hematological and most biochemical parameters (Haemoglobin: 9.6–10.2 g/dL, Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin) remained unaffected. However, alkaline phosphatase activity increased significantly in T2 (88.3 IU/L) and T3 (93.6 IU/L) compared to T1 (74.5 IU/L) (P &lt; 0.01). Supplementation improved (P &lt; 0.01) antioxidant status: superoxide dismutase activity increased by 18–22 %, and ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power by 15–19 % in T2 and T3. Total immunoglobulin levels were higher (P &lt; 0.05) in the supplemented groups (T2: 2.87 mg/mL; T3: 2.95 mg/mL) compared to the control (T1: 2.61 mg/mL). Plasma mineral levels of zinc and manganese and vitamin A and E concentrations increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) in T2 and T3. Notably, testosterone levels rose significantly after four months (T1: 1.42 ng/mL; T2: 1.62 ng/mL; T3: 1.67 ng/mL; P &lt; 0.05), indicating potential for earlier puberty onset. Scrotal circumference and testicular temperature gradient measured by infrared thermography were similar (P &gt; 0.05) among the groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Zn, Mn, vitamin A, and E at 25 % above basal levels enhances antioxidant status, immune response, and testosterone production in bull calves without affecting growth performance, supporting earlier reproductive maturity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 104225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144894872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity of the CORE wearable sensor during constant-load cycling exercise in the heat","authors":"Brayden C. McLaughlin ,&nbsp;Joseph T. Aguilera ,&nbsp;Andrew C. D'Lugos","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat exposure is an increasing threat to human health and accurately monitoring core body temperature is vital to avoiding heat-related illnesses during exercise and outdoor occupations. Recently, a wearable device (CORE^TM) was developed to non-invasively estimate core body temperature (T_C). The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the CORE sensor and identify subcutaneous fat as a potential contributor to the device's bias.</div><div>Twenty-four healthy males (n = 13) and females (n = 11) completed 60 min of cycling exercise at 60 % of their maximum aerobic power output (166 ± 46.5 W) in the heat (35.9 °C &amp; 20.7 % relative humidity). During exercise, T_C and skin temperature (T_SK) measures from the CORE sensor were compared to rectal probe and skin surface probe, respectively. Midaxillary subcutaneous fat thickness (MSFT) at the site of the CORE sensor was measured via ultrasonography.</div><div>Throughout the entire exercise bout, the CORE displayed a non-statistically significant overestimation of T_C (0.15 ± 0.43 °C, p = 0.057). However, CORE significantly overestimated T_C during the third (0.31 ± 0.43 °C, p = 0.002) and fourth (0.36 ± 0.45 °C, p = 0.004) quarters of exercise. CORE also significantly overestimated T_SK (1.28 ± 0.96 °C, p &lt; 0.0001) throughout the entire exercise bout. MSFT was positively correlated with the bias in T_C (overestimation by CORE) during the third (r = 0.438, p = 0.032) and fourth (r = 0.482, p = 0.017) quarters of exercise.</div><div>In conclusion, compared to rectal temperature, the CORE sensor overestimated T_C during constant-load exercise in a hot environment. Overestimated T_SK and local subcutaneous fat may be potential contributors to bias in the CORE sensor's T_C estimation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 104241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal ecology and swimming performance of native tadpoles Dryophytes femoralis in central Florida","authors":"Jessalyn M. Aretz ,&nbsp;Deby Cassill ,&nbsp;Stephen M. Deban ,&nbsp;Alessandro Catenazzi ,&nbsp;Alison M. Gainsbury","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization and climate warming have contributed to global amphibian declines in recent decades, and amphibians are particularly vulnerable to warming because temperature influences their physiological processes across all life stages. Tadpole responses to warming in tropical climates are relatively understudied, and previous studies demonstrated species-specific responses to warming temperature. Warming ponds may quicken tadpole development and increase thermal tolerances, but increasing local temperatures push populations towards their physiological limits. Specifically, baseline responses of thermal ecology traits of pinewoods tree frog (<em>Dryophytes femoralis</em>) tadpoles in Florida to warming temperature are unknown. Herein, we tested if the thermal ecology and swimming performance of a native Florida tadpole varied with rearing temperature to determine if these traits exhibit plasticity. We collected eggs from wild populations of <em>D. femoralis</em> in Central Florida and utilized common garden experiments to assess critical thermal maximum (CT_max), minimum (CT_min), thermal safety margins (T_sm), thermal preference (T_set), and swimming performance across different rearing temperatures. Importantly, variation in traits was better explained by clutch ID, indicating the role of maternal effects. Increases in critical thermal thresholds and thermal safety margins at warmer rearing temperatures suggest plasticity in these traits and potential to adapt to rising temperatures. While thermal preference appeared fixed, complex interactions between rearing temperature and test temperature predicted swimming performance. These results demonstrate that although <em>D. femoralis</em> tadpoles have the ability to adjust their thermal thresholds – the responses of other critical traits, like swimming performance are less clear, at least within the temperature range tested in this study. However, warming ponds may soon exceed the temperatures tadpoles can tolerate, even via phenotypic plasticity. Our findings emphasize the need to prioritize the conservation of cooler habitats and fill in gaps in our understanding of species-specific responses to a warming environment, to ensure the survival of vulnerable amphibian populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 104237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising role of dietary microalgae blend in alleviating the heat stress draw backs in broiler chickens: Impact on performance, meat antioxidants and fatty acids content and expression of heat shock protein and sirtuins related genes","authors":"Doaa Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Mohamed Shawky ,&nbsp;Asmaa EL- Sayed Kamel ,&nbsp;Ahmed Abdelfattah-Hassan ,&nbsp;Rahma Taha ,&nbsp;Samah S. Khalil ,&nbsp;Mohamed Tharwat Elabbasy ,&nbsp;Asmaa T.Y. Kishawy","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adopting innovative nutritional strategies, such as microalgae blend supplementation, can help reduce the detrimental effects of heat stress (HS) in poultry farming. This study was designed to explore the effects of different dietary levels of microalgae blend containing <em>nannochloropsis oculate</em>, <em>schizochytrium</em> and <em>amphora coffesformis</em> on modulating growth performance, muscle's antioxidant status, lipid profile and the expression of heat shock proteins and sirtuins family related genes in heat-stressed chicks. A total of 250 one-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to five experimental groups, with five replicates of 10 birds each: a control group reared under normal environmental conditions and fed a basal diet; HS group exposed to heat stress and fed a basal diet; and three HS groups supplemented with a microalgae blend at 2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg of diet, respectively. A notable improvement in total growth and FCR especially was recorded in group exposed to HS and supplemented with 10 g/kg diet of microalgae blend compared to HS group. Moreover, the group exposed to HS and fortified with microalgae blend at the concentration of 10 g/kg diet showed reduced cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels, comparable to those of the control group. Notably, all heat-stressed groups supplemented with the microalgae blend showed no significant changes in blood parameters compared to the control group. In the heat-stressed group, dietary supplementation with 10 g/kg of the microalgae blend significantly reduced the levels of ALT, uric acid, AST, creatinine, corticosterone, and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), bringing them closer to normal physiological ranges. With increasing levels of the microalgae blend, there was a marked enhancement in the activity of muscle antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), along with an increase in T-AOC content, accompanied by a significant reduction in MDA levels. Notably, increasing the concentration of the microalgae blend resulted in elevated levels of n-3 PUFAs, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the breast muscle. Relative mRNA expression levels of <em>Hsp70, Hsp90, SIRT1, SIRT3</em>, and <em>SIRT7</em> were elevated in the heat-stressed groups; however, the group supplemented with 10 g/kg of the microalgae blend exhibited the most pronounced downregulation of these genes. In conclusion, this study underscores the potential of the microalgae blend to mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress in poultry farming via modulating antioxidant activity, upregulating expression of sirtuins family and attenuating the overexpression of heat shock proteins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 104222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can thermoregulation explain differences in habitat selection and distribution range in Calopteryx damselflies?","authors":"Linda Laakso ,&nbsp;Jaakko J. Ilvonen ,&nbsp;Jukka Suhonen","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Body temperature is important for the behavioural and ecological performance of winged insects whose body temperature must exceed ambient temperature to fly. Although thermoregulation may affect geographical distribution and habitat selection of closely related species. The few studies that have been done on this subject have shown mixed results. Our aim was to study whether thermoregulation affects the coexistence of <em>Calopteryx</em> damselflies. We studied the body temperature of <em>C. virgo</em> and <em>C. splendens</em> under both field and laboratory conditions using an insect thermometer. These damselflies are ideal for studying thermoregulation, because they are closely related, but vary in colouration and size – factors that heavily influence insect thermoregulation. Results from our field and laboratory studies were consistent. Individual temperatures followed ambient temperatures linearly on a level ∼3 °C above it. <em>C. virgo</em> could maintain higher body temperatures than <em>C. splendens</em>. Individual body temperature at the activation, or the time before activation was not affected by species, sex or wing size. However, <em>C. virgo</em> warmed up faster than <em>C. splendens</em> in laboratory conditions. Thermoregulation may be a key factor explaining differences in geographical distribution, habitat preferences and behavioral differences between these species. The more melanized species <em>C. virgo</em> has a northern distribution range than less melanized <em>C. splendens.</em> Additionally, <em>C. virgo</em> inhabits shadier brooks and rivers whereas <em>C. splendens</em> prefers open and sunny habitats<em>. C. virgo</em> also wakes up earlier and is a more effective territorial contestant than <em>C. splendens</em>. These differences may partly be explained by their thermoecological differences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 104255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of reversing the light-dark cycle on growth performance and intestinal health in heat-stressed broilers","authors":"Huiyuan Rui ,&nbsp;Xiangyang Xu ,&nbsp;Fei Song ,&nbsp;Aige Han ,&nbsp;Meiwei Lv ,&nbsp;Xin Kang ,&nbsp;Ming Ge ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Jiang ,&nbsp;Wenhui Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat stress (HS) has severely restricted the growth and yield of poultry. Reversal light-dark cycles (RLD) are a low-cost and highly effective method to regulate circadian rhythms. However, current studies have not demonstrated whether this method can improve the intestinal injury induced by HS in broilers. This research collected the intestinal tissues, and the experiment was carried out by HE staining, molecular biology, 16S rRNA sequencing, and other methods. Our results show that HS not only hinders the growth and development of broilers but also leads to increased stress levels in the body and impairs intestinal function. RLD treatment increased significantly the body weight of broilers, alleviated oxidative stress caused by HS, promoted the release of melatonin, as well as reduced the expression of cortisol and heat shock protein 70. RLD also induced increased gene and protein expression of tight junction proteins and clock genes, and altered the structure of the cecal microbial community by increasing the abundance of Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroidetes. Furthermore, the activities of intestinal digestive enzymes and absorption enzymes were significantly improved. In conclusion, RLD improves the growth performance of broilers under HS conditions by reducing the stress response and protecting intestinal function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 104240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On testing the tolerance-plasticity trade-off hypothesis as the change of thermal tolerance across two environments","authors":"Mauro Santos ,&nbsp;José F. Fontanari","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The world is warming rapidly, threatening the extinction of much of the world's biota. Thermal tolerance plasticity has been touted as an important buffer against global warming. The temperature tolerance-plasticity trade-off hypothesis (TOH) posits that ectotherms who have adapted to high temperatures have done so at the expense of having limited plasticity to further improve their heat tolerance. Empirical evidence is mixed and inconsistencies may arise due to statistical artefacts caused by spurious correlations. This lack of consensus is problematic because an accurate evaluation of the TOH is crucial for estimating the buffering capacity of thermal plasticity in ectotherms that already live close to their upper physiological thermal limits. In this study, we demonstrate that the manner in which the statistical bias has been addressed when evaluating the TOH, as measured at the intraspecific level by the change in thermal tolerance across two environments, is erroneous. This is because there has never been a statistically robust prediction for either a trade-off or a lack of trade-off in two-environment experiments, which is surprising given the importance of such predictions in this field. Here, we derive a statistical framework to correctly test the hypothesis that the observed change in thermal tolerance is consistent with TOH predictions. To demonstrate how our approach can alter the conclusions and interpretations of the TOH, we apply it to two existing datasets. We show that the TOH may indeed be valid, despite previous claims to the contrary, highlighting the critical importance of a sound statistical approach to avoid spurious conclusions that can have significant implications for our understanding of climate change responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 104248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}