Validity of the CORE wearable sensor during constant-load cycling exercise in the heat

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104241

Brayden C. McLaughlin , Joseph T. Aguilera , Andrew C. D'Lugos

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Abstract

Heat exposure is an increasing threat to human health and accurately monitoring core body temperature is vital to avoiding heat-related illnesses during exercise and outdoor occupations. Recently, a wearable device (CORE^TM) was developed to non-invasively estimate core body temperature (T_C). The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the CORE sensor and identify subcutaneous fat as a potential contributor to the device's bias.

Twenty-four healthy males (n = 13) and females (n = 11) completed 60 min of cycling exercise at 60 % of their maximum aerobic power output (166 ± 46.5 W) in the heat (35.9 °C & 20.7 % relative humidity). During exercise, T_C and skin temperature (T_SK) measures from the CORE sensor were compared to rectal probe and skin surface probe, respectively. Midaxillary subcutaneous fat thickness (MSFT) at the site of the CORE sensor was measured via ultrasonography.

Throughout the entire exercise bout, the CORE displayed a non-statistically significant overestimation of T_C (0.15 ± 0.43 °C, p = 0.057). However, CORE significantly overestimated T_C during the third (0.31 ± 0.43 °C, p = 0.002) and fourth (0.36 ± 0.45 °C, p = 0.004) quarters of exercise. CORE also significantly overestimated T_SK (1.28 ± 0.96 °C, p < 0.0001) throughout the entire exercise bout. MSFT was positively correlated with the bias in T_C (overestimation by CORE) during the third (r = 0.438, p = 0.032) and fourth (r = 0.482, p = 0.017) quarters of exercise.

In conclusion, compared to rectal temperature, the CORE sensor overestimated T_C during constant-load exercise in a hot environment. Overestimated T_SK and local subcutaneous fat may be potential contributors to bias in the CORE sensor's T_C estimation.

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CORE可穿戴传感器在高温下恒载循环运动中的有效性

热暴露对人类健康的威胁越来越大，准确监测核心体温对于在运动和户外工作中避免与热有关的疾病至关重要。最近，一种可穿戴设备（CORETM）被开发出来用于无创测量核心体温（TC）。本研究的目的是确定CORE传感器的有效性，并确定皮下脂肪是导致设备偏差的潜在因素。24名健康男性（n = 13）和女性（n = 11）在高温（35.9°C和20.7%相对湿度）下，以最大有氧能量输出（166±46.5 W）的60%完成了60分钟的自行车运动。运动时，将CORE传感器测得的TC和皮肤温度（TSK）分别与直肠探头和皮肤表面探头进行比较。超声测量CORE传感器部位腋下皮下脂肪厚度（MSFT）。在整个运动过程中，CORE显示出无统计学意义的TC高估（0.15±0.43°C, p = 0.057）。然而，在运动的第三季度（0.31±0.43°C, p = 0.002）和第四季度（0.36±0.45°C, p = 0.004）， CORE显著高估了TC。在整个运动过程中，CORE也显著高估了TSK（1.28±0.96°C, p < 0.0001）。在第三季度（r = 0.438, p = 0.032）和第四季度（r = 0.482, p = 0.017）运动中，MSFT与TC （CORE高估）偏差呈正相关。总之，与直肠温度相比，CORE传感器在高温环境中恒负荷运动时高估了TC。过高估计的TSK和局部皮下脂肪可能是CORE传感器的TC估计偏差的潜在因素。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of thermal biology 生物-动物学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

7.40%

发文量

196

审稿时长

14.5 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Thermal Biology publishes articles that advance our knowledge on the ways and mechanisms through which temperature affects man and animals. This includes studies of their responses to these effects and on the ecological consequences. Directly relevant to this theme are: • The mechanisms of thermal limitation, heat and cold injury, and the resistance of organisms to extremes of temperature • The mechanisms involved in acclimation, acclimatization and evolutionary adaptation to temperature • Mechanisms underlying the patterns of hibernation, torpor, dormancy, aestivation and diapause • Effects of temperature on reproduction and development, growth, ageing and life-span • Studies on modelling heat transfer between organisms and their environment • The contributions of temperature to effects of climate change on animal species and man • Studies of conservation biology and physiology related to temperature • Behavioural and physiological regulation of body temperature including its pathophysiology and fever • Medical applications of hypo- and hyperthermia Article types: • Original articles • Review articles