Journal of NeuroVirology最新文献

{"title":"The synergistic role of viral infection and immune response in the pathogenesis of facial palsy.","authors":"Aijun Wang, Wei Xie, Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01258-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-025-01258-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Facial palsy refers to facial muscle paralysis and is typically brought about by viral infections, such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes zoster virus (VZV), and SARS-CoV-2. While significant progress has been achieved in viral facial palsy pathogenesis, mechanisms of viral infection-immunity synergy are yet to be revealed. The authors of this article made an attempt to fill this gap by critically summarizing how viral infection causes inflammation and damage to the facial nerve through an immune response mechanism in the facial palsy pathogenesis. We also summarize the current treatment modalities and their respective efficacies. The article set the conditions under which viral infections caused by HSV-1, VZV, SARS-CoV-2, HIV, and EBV lead to facial paralysis and how the viruses infect the facial nerve, initiate an immune response, and cause nerve death. The impact involved direct viral invasion of neurons, immune evasion and induction of neuroinflammation. The review also discusses the primary role of T cells, B cells and innate immune cells in inducing or relieving the condition. The study emphasizes the need to understand the synergic effect of viral infection and immuneresponse of facial palsy as the foundation of the creation of more potent therapeutic strategies. The paper provides a detailed overview of complex interaction of immuneresponse and viral infection of facial palsy with significant level of importance regarding future research and clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"208-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12356718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology of JC polyomavirus genotypes in PLWH from Turkey.","authors":"Okan Aydoğan, Ezgi Gözün Şaylan, Bilgül Mete, Ahmet Çağkan İnkaya, Özlem Güven","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01262-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-025-01262-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is a globally prevalent human polyomavirus that establishes lifelong latency, primarily in renal tissue. Despite its global importance, molecular epidemiological data on JCPyV still remain limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, genotype distribution, and genetic variations of JCPyV in urine and plasma samples from people living with HIV (PLWH) in Turkey. Additionally, we explored the correlation between JCPyV presence, immunological parameters, and demographic factors, providing the first molecular epidemiological report of JCPyV in this population. A prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional study was conducted on 107 PLWH and 77 healthy controls. JCPyV DNA was detected and quantified using qPCR, and VP1 gene sequencing was performed to determine viral genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using Clustal Omega and the Neighbour-Joining method with a bootstrap value of 1000.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>JCPyV viruria was detected in 46% of PLWH and 18.18% of healthy individuals, with no significant association between viruria frequency and immunodeficiency severity (p > 0.05). Genotype IV was the most prevalent (37.5%), followed by Genotype I (31.25%) and Genotype II (31.25%), aligning with European epidemiological data. No Genotype III was detected. No VP1 mutations associated with PML or immune evasion were identified. However, amino acid substitutions were observed at positions 74, 92, 116, 127, and 133, warranting further investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first molecular epidemiological analysis of JCPyV in PLWH from Turkey, demonstrating a genotype distribution consistent with European data. While no significant PML-associated VP1 mutations were detected, the identification of substitutions underscores the need for continued molecular surveillance. Understanding JCPyV genotype dynamics and immune evasion strategies is crucial for developing targeted therapeutics, including VP1-based vaccines and monoclonal antibody treatments for high-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"287-294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychiatric disorders in the course to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, including biological pathomechanisms, psychosocial factors and long COVID-19 associated with \"brain fog\".","authors":"Jakub Sadowski, Samanta Anna Ostrowska, Tomasz Klaudel, Monika Zaborska, Maksymilian Chruszcz, Anna Sztangreciak-Lehun, Rafał Jakub Bułdak","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01242-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-025-01242-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, neuropsychiatric disorders began to be observed in a significant proportion of patients, occurring at different times after infection and characterised by varying degrees of severity. This article discusses neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, taking into account biological pathomechanisms and psychosocial factors. The long COVID-19 along with the \"brain fog\" phenomenon were considered in the study. The purpose of the study is to analyse and discuss the available information from the scientific literature on the possible association between SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and the occurrence of neuropsychiatric disorders with different degrees of severity and temporal correlation. To discuss the correlation of COVID-19 with the occurrence of neuropsychiatric disorders, a systematic literature review was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Elsevier and Google Scholar. The following keywords were used when searching the materials used: \"neuropsychiatric disorders\", \"COVID-19\", \"SARS-CoV-2\", \"NeuroCOVID\", \"cytokine storm\" and \"long COVID-19\". Focusing on the characteristics of the materials and methods used, as well as the results obtained and conclusions reached in each article, 164 publications of research, meta-analysis, review and case reports were included in the study. Neuropsychiatric disorders resulting from SARS-CoV-2 virus infection are multifactorial in nature. The main elements responsible for the varied pattern of symptoms include direct and indirect central nervous system effects of the disease, individual patient conditions, psychosocial factors, severity of immune responses and severity of infection. The neuropsychiatric effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection can be divided into symptoms directly related to the neurological and psychiatric zones and mixed disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"116-130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional relationship between human herpes virus reactivation and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Arman Shafiee, Zahra Nakhaee, Mohammad Javad Amini, Fatemeh Esmailpur Abianeh, Mana Goodarzi, Samira Parvizi Omran, Hamed Hajishah, Dina Sadeghi, Aida Rezaei Nejad, Mahmood Bakhtiyari","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01246-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-025-01246-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human herpesviruses (HHVs) are lifelong pathogens that can reactivate under stress or immunological changes. Depression has been implicated as both a potential trigger for and a consequence of HHV reactivation. This study investigates the bidirectional relationship between HHV reactivation and depression through a systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024565616). A search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus identified studies published through March 5, 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen studies, representing a total sample size of 94,194 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) demonstrated a significant association between HHV reactivation and depression (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.07-1.64; p < 0.001; I² = 92%). Subgroup analyses revealed significant associations for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (OR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.80-2.20) and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) (OR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.32-2.55), while cytomegalovirus (CMV) and HSV-1 showed non-significant associations. A secondary meta-analysis found a significant association between pre-morbid depression and EBV reactivation (OR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.48-3.21) as well as varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation (HR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.06-1.13). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings, and no substantial publication bias was detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides evidence of a bidirectional relationship between HHV reactivation and depression, highlighting depression as both a risk factor for and a potential consequence of HHV reactivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"145-153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonged survival in HIV-associated Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy treated with Pembrolizumab: a case series on treatment and long-term follow-up.","authors":"Marta Chiuchiarelli, Giulia Micheli, Francesco Vladimiro Segala, Gabriele Giuliano, Paola Del Giacomo, Alex Dusina, Elena Matteini, Federico Frondizi, Simona Gaudino, Francesca Lisi, Eleonora Cimini, Rosaria Santangelo, Chiara Agrati, Carlo Torti, Antonella Cingolani","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01243-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-025-01243-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare opportunistic infection of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by human polyomavirus JC virus, with high mortality rate in people living with HIV (PLWH), without an effective specific treatment beside combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). The use of Pembrolizumab, an inhibitor of the Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) receptor on T cells, has been associated with decreased viral clearance. Aim of this study is to evaluate clinical course of PLWH affected by PML treated with pembrolizumab. We report four consecutive PLWH with clinical and radiological evidence of PML and JCV-DNA detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Pembrolizumab was administered to all four PLWH alongside cART. Radiological and laboratory follow-up were performed at the end of the medical protocol. Clinically, 3 out of 4 PLWH showed an improvement in neurological deficits, partially reacquiring the lost functions, and they are alive at 3.5 years, 14 months, and 9 months, respectively; the fourth patient died shortly after treatment due to worsening respiratory conditions. In all the PLWH completing treatment, a decrease of about 80-90% of the specific PD-1 activity was observed. Prolonged survival and stabilization of radiological findings have been observed, along with clinical improvement and partial recovery of acquired deficits in 3 out of 4 PLWH. In addition, a decrease in anti-PD-1 expression has also been observed, suggesting a link between the therapy and the success achieved. Given the small sample and conflicting evidence in the existing literature, further investigation is needed to assess its effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"109-115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The OLR1/NF-κB feedback loop exacerbates HIV-1 Tat-induced microglial inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis.","authors":"Qifei Zhang, Wenhua Tao, Jing Wang, Meijuan Qian, Mingming Zhou, Lin Gao","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01249-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-025-01249-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1), a type II integral membrane glycoprotein, is involved in multiple neurological diseases. However, the roles and mechanisms of OLR1 in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remain unclear. In the central nervous system, Transactivator of transcription (Tat) induces inflammatory response in microglia, thereby leading to neuronal apoptosis. In the present study, we demonstrated that OLR1 expression was upregulated during ectopic expression of Tat or soluble Tat stimulus in BV-2 microglial cells. Moreover, OLR1 signaling was proved to facilitate Tat-triggered inflammatory response and alleviated the microglia-derived conditioned media-mediated HT-22 neural cells apoptosis in a NF-κB-dependent manner. Conversely, Tat augmented OLR1 expression via NF-κB signaling pathway. Finally, in mouse models, we determined that silencing of OLR1 significantly ameliorated Tat‑induced neuroinflammation and hippocampal neuronal death. Taken together, our study clarifies the potential role of the OLR1/NF-κB feedback loop in Tat-induced microglial inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis, which could be a novel therapeutic target for relief of HAND.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"170-186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maintaining the battle against vaccine-preventable neurological diseases in the United States.","authors":"Farrah J Mateen","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01256-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-025-01256-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Few experts remain in the United States on the infectious vaccine-preventable neurological diseases (VPNDs). This is a mark of the changing epidemiology that has come with publicly available, often free, and sometimes mandated vaccinations in the U.S.A. over recent decades. Three main challenges to maintaining the battle against VPNDs exist in the U.S.A. today: (1) The variable uptake of vaccinations known to be safe and effective among the healthy U.S. population; (2) Waning awareness among physicians and community members on VPNDs; and (3) The global nature of travel, migration, medical tourism, and work. The mobility of the U.S. population and dependence on herd immunity in the USA for some residents may no longer be appropriate. This situation emphasizes the value of a global neurological disease framework for neurologists-in-training that could ultimately save lives in the USA. VPNDs must remain a part of the curriculum and board certification of both pediatric and adult neurologists in the USA given changes in U.S. policy and sentiment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"187-190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro characterization of the antiviral activity of Bat Interferon-Induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 5 (bat IFIT5) against bat-associated rabies virus.","authors":"Camila Mosca Barboza, Raphaela Mello Zamudio, Ana Claudia Franco, Helena Beatriz de Carvalho Ruthner Batista","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01245-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-025-01245-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bats are important reservoirs of zoonotic viruses, including the rabies virus (RABV), which causes rabies, a significant and fatal disease. In Brazil, RABV has been detected in several bat species. Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 5 (IFIT5) is part of a group of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) known for their antiviral activity. This study investigated the interaction between batIFIT5 and different genetic lineages of RABV. The batIFIT5 was expressed in HEK-293T cells, which were infected with RABV genetic lineages isolated from Eptesicus furinalis (IP 964/06) and Tadarida brasiliensis (IP 3214/19), at varying infectious doses (pure, 100, 10, and 1). Direct immunofluorescence was performed to assess the effect of batIFIT5 on virus replication through the counting of fluorescent foci. Subsequently, after the expression of batIFIT5, 1 MOI was selected and used to evaluate the potential antiviral effect. Immunofluorescence was performed 24 and 48 h after infection. As a result, the viral concentration remained similar in the presence of batIFIT5 across distinct infectious doses. After infection with 1 MOI, a 30% reduction in infection rates was observed, particularly for the IP 3214/19 isolate after 24 h. These results highlight the potential antiviral role of IFIT5 against RABV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"163-169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy during 4 years of Palbociclib for advanced breast cancer with a history of follicular lymphoma patient.","authors":"Mariko Nishihara, Ryosuke Koyamada, Tetsuhiro Masaki, Tomohito Shimada, Kazuhiro Ishikawa, Jun Hashimoto, Nobuyoshi Mori, Asami Namai, Hideaki Yokoo, Kenta Takahashi, Tadaki Suzuki, Kazuo Nakamichi, Shinichiro Mori","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01259-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-025-01259-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing cognitive impairment in HIV-infected: a comparative study of international HIV Dementia Scale, HIV Dementia Scale Italian version and Montreal cognitive assessment in clinical practice.","authors":"Maristella Belfiori, Francesco Salis, Camilla Podda, Lorenzo Stanisci, Benedetta Puxeddu, Francesco Ortu, Paola Piano, Stefano Del Giacco, Antonella Mandas","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01248-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-025-01248-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The combination of antiretroviral therapy (cART) and preventive measures has significantly enhanced the management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. However, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain a challenge. This study aims to compare cognitive impairment (CI) assessments in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) using the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS), HIV Dementia Scale-Italian Version (HDS-IT) and MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), while also identifying significant associations. The cross-sectional study encompassed 294 outpatient PLWHA (median age: 57) on cART. Participants underwent cognitive, functional, and depression assessments, laboratory testing and CNS Penetration-Effectiveness (CPE) index assessment. IHDS, HDS-IT and MoCA identified CI in different proportions of PLWHA. Factors such as age, education level, infection duration, and substance use were associated with CI. The IHDS score (OR 0.79) and Level CD4 + T-lymphocytes nadir (OR 0.99) demonstrated independent and negative associations with the CPE-index. IHDS and MoCA tests appear to be useful for detecting CI in outpatient settings, enabling healthcare providers to conduct initial evaluations of PLWHA. IHDS assessment may be used for detecting CI related to high CPE regimens, while the MoCA provides a comprehensive assessment, also in domains not studied by IHDS. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and refine their clinical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"131-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}