Journal of NeuroVirology最新文献

Evidence that intrinsic brain connectivity moderates the association between gait and neurocognitive function in people living with HIV. 证据表明，内在的大脑连通性调节了艾滋病病毒感染者步态和神经认知功能之间的关联。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of NeuroVirology Pub Date : 2026-10-13 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-026-01348-0

Jonathan C Ipser, Samantha Smuts, Hetta Gouse, Carla Freeman, Dan J Stein, John Joska

{"title":"Evidence that intrinsic brain connectivity moderates the association between gait and neurocognitive function in people living with HIV.","authors":"Jonathan C Ipser, Samantha Smuts, Hetta Gouse, Carla Freeman, Dan J Stein, John Joska","doi":"10.1007/s13365-026-01348-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-026-01348-0","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, a substantial proportion of the approximately 40 million people living with HIV (PLWH) experience some degree of HIV-associated brain injury (HABI), which is often linked to accentuated or accelerated aging in this clinical population. We set out to test the hypothesis that gait speed is associated with cognitive deficits in middle-aged PLWH in a low-middle income (LMIC) setting, and that this is comparable to what is seen in much older healthy adults. In addition, we sought to identify, as a potential marker of HABI, intrinsic functional brain connectivity abnormalities that moderate the association between gait and cognitive function in PLWH. Thirty-nine participants (17 HIV + and 22 HIV-, mean age = 39 +-8.99 years) were recruited from a community health centre in Cape Town. Bivariate and multiple linear regression models compared PLWH and controls with respect to associations between gait speed and neurocognitive domain scores, with relations between these factors and functional connectivity of seven resting state networks assessed within a multivariate regression modelling framework. We found that slower gait speed in PLWH was associated with lower global neurocognitive scores (t = -3.12; p < 0.008), and that this association was replicated in a large public domain cohort of healthy older adults. Moreover, intrinsic connectivity of the frontoparietal network in PLWH was a significant predictor of both gait speed and executive function, a finding that may implicate impaired compensatory mechanisms in this patient population. Our findings underscore the potential utility of gait tests in screening for HABI in PLWH in low resourced settings.","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Varicella zoster virus meningitis with a dermatomal rash in immunocompetent hosts: a systematic review and novel case report. 水痘带状疱疹病毒脑膜炎伴皮肤皮疹免疫正常宿主：系统回顾和新病例报告。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of NeuroVirology Pub Date : 2026-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-026-01345-3

Nathaniel B Dusseau, Aizaz Ali, Ahmed Ba Theeb, Joyeta Razzaque, Sumayya Naz

{"title":"Varicella zoster virus meningitis with a dermatomal rash in immunocompetent hosts: a systematic review and novel case report.","authors":"Nathaniel B Dusseau, Aizaz Ali, Ahmed Ba Theeb, Joyeta Razzaque, Sumayya Naz","doi":"10.1007/s13365-026-01345-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-026-01345-3","url":null,"abstract":"Varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation with central nervous system (CNS) involvement is an uncommon but important cause of lymphocytic meningitis in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. While cranial presentations, especially V1 involvement, are well documented, spinal-dermatomal VZV meningitis is rarely reported. We conducted a systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase using PRISMA guidelines to identify all cases of laboratory-confirmed VZV meningitis or encephalitis with a dermatomal rash in immunocompetent adults affecting spinal levels C1 and below. Data extracted included demographics, dermatome distribution, CSF findings, treatment, and outcomes. We also report a novel case from our institution involving isolated C4-C5 involvement. Seventeen total cases met inclusion, including our 44-year-old male patient who presented with fever, severe headache, and a right-sided vesicular rash in the C4-C5 dermatomes. He was initially misdiagnosed with a tick-borne illness. Mean CSF values across all cases were WBC count 382/µL (SD ± 270), protein 177 mg/dL (SD ± 106), and glucose 52.7 mg/dL (SD ± 15.8). IV acyclovir was used in 15 of 17 cases, with oral acyclovir (41%) or valacyclovir (29%) as the most common step-down therapies. Mean treatment duration was 14 days, and average length of hospital stay was 6.4 days. All patients survived and made a full recovery. Spinal-dermatomal VZV meningitis can occur in immunocompetent adults, including cases with cervical involvement. Early recognition of the rash pattern and timely PCR testing are essential for accurate diagnosis and prompt antiviral therapy, which is associated with favorable outcomes.","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HAND in Africa: prevalence, diagnostic challenges and the search for objective markers. 非洲的HAND：流行、诊断挑战和寻找客观标志。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of NeuroVirology Pub Date : 2026-10-02 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-026-01336-4

Peter Kwabena Appiah, Evelyn Yayra Bonney, James Odame Aboagye, Mildred Egyirba Hanson, Christian Obirikorang, George Boateng Kyei

{"title":"HAND in Africa: prevalence, diagnostic challenges and the search for objective markers.","authors":"Peter Kwabena Appiah, Evelyn Yayra Bonney, James Odame Aboagye, Mildred Egyirba Hanson, Christian Obirikorang, George Boateng Kyei","doi":"10.1007/s13365-026-01336-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-026-01336-4","url":null,"abstract":"HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) affects 20-50% of people with HIV (PWH) on suppressive antiretroviral therapy, with about 72% of the 16 million global cases residing in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite this disproportionate burden, HAND remains very challenging to diagnose. The Frascati diagnostic criteria which are considered the mostly used criteria albeit with recent challenges require specialist to administer the neuropsychological batteries, making it inaccessible, literacy-dependent, and culturally biased in resource-limited African settings. This creates a significant diagnostic capacity gap. Identifying and developing biomarker-based HAND diagnostic assays are critical to the early detection and effective management of HAND among people with HIV in Africa and other resource-limited settings. This narrative review used 80 articles to critically evaluate HAND neuropathogenesis, existing diagnostic tools, and the emerging peripheral blood biomarker landscape. HIV establishes a persistent CNS reservoir that drives neuroinflammation through infected microglia, dysfunctional activation of astrocytes, and neurotoxic viral proteins mainly gp120, and Tat, independently of immune-virologic state of the PWH. Among candidate biomarkers, serum ICAM-5, serum ATP, and plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) appear to be among the most promising candidates; validating such markers in a multicenter approach to complement Africa friendly neuro-psychological test tools will help improve on HAND diagnosis. Once some biomarkers are validated, we propose that a 3-tier multi-marker diagnostic framework that could be used in complementing validated tools, spanning primary care serum-based screening through to specialist CSF biomarker profiling could enable objective, regional friendly, and early HAND detection at the point of HIV care across Africa.","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13638735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Expanding the spectrum of oropouche virus neurological disease: emerging evidence from the 2025 Panama outbreak. 扩大oropouche病毒神经疾病的范围：来自2025年巴拿马疫情的新证据。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of NeuroVirology Pub Date : 2026-09-15 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-026-01314-w

José Anel González, Monica Pachar-Flores, Laura Naranjo-Lara, Yamilka Díaz, Lizeth Pinilla, Olmedo Villarreal, Luis Ascanio-Cortez, Ruth García-Redondo, Sencia Cardoso, María E García-Thomas, José Antonio Suárez, Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi

{"title":"Expanding the spectrum of oropouche virus neurological disease: emerging evidence from the 2025 Panama outbreak.","authors":"José Anel González, Monica Pachar-Flores, Laura Naranjo-Lara, Yamilka Díaz, Lizeth Pinilla, Olmedo Villarreal, Luis Ascanio-Cortez, Ruth García-Redondo, Sencia Cardoso, María E García-Thomas, José Antonio Suárez, Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi","doi":"10.1007/s13365-026-01314-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-026-01314-w","url":null,"abstract":"Oropouche virus is an emerging arbovirus whose neurotropic potential is increasingly recognized across the Americas. During the 2024-2025 outbreak in Panama, we identified six patients with confirmed or probable infection who developed a broad range of neurological manifestations. Neurological symptoms arose several days after the onset of systemic illness and included ocular motor disturbances such as nystagmus and opsoclonus, cerebellar signs including ataxia and vertigo, seizures, altered mental status, and meningeal irritation. Cerebrospinal fluid analyses frequently demonstrated mononuclear pleocytosis, while neuroimaging was largely unremarkable. Viral RNA was consistently undetectable in cerebrospinal fluid but was identified in urine beyond the acute phase, extending the diagnostic window in patients with delayed presentation. Most individuals recovered with supportive care; however, one patient died following refractory status epilepticus, and another required prolonged intensive care. This case series represents the first report of neurologically symptomatic Oropouche virus infections in Panama and expands the recognized neurological spectrum of the disease. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining clinical suspicion for neuroinvasive presentations, incorporating alternative diagnostic specimens, and strengthening surveillance efforts as Oropouche virus continues to emerge regionally.","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":"32 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148976941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HIV cure: from early therapies to cutting-edge strategies. 艾滋病治愈：从早期治疗到尖端策略。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of NeuroVirology Pub Date : 2026-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-026-01343-5

Zahra Safaei, Kamel Khalili

{"title":"HIV cure: from early therapies to cutting-edge strategies.","authors":"Zahra Safaei, Kamel Khalili","doi":"10.1007/s13365-026-01343-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-026-01343-5","url":null,"abstract":"HIV has challenged humanity for decades, quietly establishing latent reservoirs that evade even the most potent antiretroviral therapies (ART). While ART transformed HIV from a fatal disease into a manageable condition, the virus's hidden persistence continues to fuel the global epidemic. This review narrates the story of HIV treatment, tracing the evolution of therapeutic strategies from conventional ART to innovative gene-editing and immunotherapeutic approaches. Central to this journey is the CRISPR-Cas system, a molecular scalpel that has enabled precise excision of integrated proviral DNA, disruption of entry co-receptors like CCR5, and modulation of host restriction factors to bolster innate defenses. Preclinical studies reveal that CRISPR interventions can reduce viral reservoirs, prevent reactivation, and restore antiviral immunity, offering a glimpse of a future beyond lifelong ART. Challenges remain, notably efficient delivery to infected cells and minimizing off-target effects, but advances in vector design and computational prediction tools are steadily overcoming these barriers. By weaving experimental findings with translational perspectives, this review highlights CRISPR's potential to provide durable, scalable, and cost-effective HIV control, particularly in low-resource settings. Ultimately, this narrative underscores a hopeful vision: that precise gene editing may transform HIV therapy from lifelong suppression into a pathway toward functional cure, changing the story of the virus and the lives it touches.","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":"32 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148969476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CRISPR-mediated excision of HTLV-1 reduces proviral loads in PBMCs from HAM/TSP patients. crispr介导的HTLV-1切除可减少HAM/TSP患者pbmc中的原负荷。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of NeuroVirology Pub Date : 2026-08-29 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-026-01333-7

Samuel Brancazio, Kamel Khalili, Steven Jacobson, Rafal Kaminski

引用次数: 0

From viral epigenetic reprogramming to neuroinflammation: Mechanisms driving neurodegeneration. 从病毒表观遗传重编程到神经炎症：驱动神经变性的机制。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of NeuroVirology Pub Date : 2026-08-27 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-026-01341-7

Chaitali Vora, Vaishali Saini, Maxim Shevtsov, Pankaj Trivedi, Avinash Sonawane, Hem Chandra Jha

{"title":"From viral epigenetic reprogramming to neuroinflammation: Mechanisms driving neurodegeneration.","authors":"Chaitali Vora, Vaishali Saini, Maxim Shevtsov, Pankaj Trivedi, Avinash Sonawane, Hem Chandra Jha","doi":"10.1007/s13365-026-01341-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-026-01341-7","url":null,"abstract":"Viruses exploit host genetic machinery to establish chronic infections and contribute to chronic neurodegenerative and immune disorders. By manipulating DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA networks, viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Herpes Simplex virus (HSV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) induce epigenetic changes that silence or delay the host antiviral defenses and reprogram host gene expression. For instance, EBV recruits DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) to hypermethylate genes such as SOCS1 while ZIKV disrupts neuronal DNA methylation via heterochromatinization. Concurrently, HIV-1 encoded Tat protein disrupts H3K27 acetylation in astrocytes that potently triggers glutamate excitotoxicity. Viruses also subvert the chromatin architecture to modulate 3D interactions and reader protein recruitment, thus rewiring transcriptional programs. Such epigenetic alterations correlate with neuropathologies wherein global hypomethylation and histone acetylation contribute to Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. Although several mechanisms are known, the field of viral control in neuroepigenetics is underexplored. Emerging therapies that target viral-host epigenetic crosstalk through DNMT or HDAC inhibitors are promising. This review highlights how neurotropic viruses co-opt epigenetic pathways to drive neurodegeneration. We also explore biomarker-driven strategies for personalized interventions in neurodegenerative disorders thus emphasizing potential epigenetic editing tools to restore neuronal homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":"32 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148840368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of cannabis use on white matter hyperintensities in adults with and without chronic HIV disease. 大麻使用对患有和不患有慢性艾滋病毒疾病的成年人白质高强度的影响。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of NeuroVirology Pub Date : 2026-08-27 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-026-01338-2

Sreelakshmi Shaji, Sheri L Towe, Paul J Laurienti, Robert G Lyday, Jonathan H Burdette, Christina S Meade

{"title":"Impact of cannabis use on white matter hyperintensities in adults with and without chronic HIV disease.","authors":"Sreelakshmi Shaji, Sheri L Towe, Paul J Laurienti, Robert G Lyday, Jonathan H Burdette, Christina S Meade","doi":"10.1007/s13365-026-01338-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-026-01338-2","url":null,"abstract":"White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are prevalent among people living with HIV (PLWH), even with sustained viral suppression on antiretroviral therapy. This study investigated whether cannabis use contributes to additional WMH load among PLWH and its association to neurocognitive function. A total of 296 adult participants, stratified by HIV and cannabis status (74 control, 73 cannabis-only, 76 HIV-only and 73 HIV+cannabis) were enrolled. High resolution anatomical MRI and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images were collected, along with a battery of neuropsychological tests. Periventricular (pvWMH) and deep (dWMH) WMH loads were quantified using an automated pipeline. Statistical tests were employed to examine the main and interaction effects of HIV and cannabis use on WMH, and to explore the association of WMH loads with neuropsychological performance. The cohort had a mean age of 39.84 years, and all PLWH had sustained viral suppression. pvWMH loads were higher in the cannabis-only and HIV-only groups compared to controls. A significant interaction effect of HIV by cannabis was found for pvWMH load, such that participants with co-occurring HIV and cannabis use had similar pvWMH load compared to controls. In addition, increased pvWMH load significantly correlated with lower cognitive performance. Our findings suggest that cannabis use does not contribute additively to WMH burden in PLWH and may potentially be associated with a reduced WMH burden. However, future work is warranted to substantiate this finding, particularly with respect to type and levels of circulating cannabinoid metabolites.","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":"32 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13522075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148840350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis of preclinical survival outcomes of Zika virus-based oncolytic therapy in glioblastoma. 基于寨卡病毒的溶瘤疗法治疗胶质母细胞瘤临床前生存结果的系统评价和多水平荟萃分析。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of NeuroVirology Pub Date : 2026-08-27 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-026-01340-8

Arthur Caribé Sena, Márcio Igor Santana, Vinícius Pinto Costa Rocha, Leonardo Miranda de Avellar

{"title":"Systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis of preclinical survival outcomes of Zika virus-based oncolytic therapy in glioblastoma.","authors":"Arthur Caribé Sena, Márcio Igor Santana, Vinícius Pinto Costa Rocha, Leonardo Miranda de Avellar","doi":"10.1007/s13365-026-01340-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-026-01340-8","url":null,"abstract":"Glioblastoma remains a highly lethal primary brain tumor with limited therapeutic options. Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a candidate oncolytic platform because of its tropism for glioblastoma stem-like cells and its immunomodulatory potential. We conducted a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis of preclinical in vivo studies evaluating ZIKV-based therapy in glioblastoma. Six studies met the eligibility criteria, yielding 27 survival-relevant experimental clusters, of which 24 entered the primary quantitative synthesis. The primary analysis included 38 survival contrasts nested within 24 clusters and showed a significant pooled survival benefit within the first 25 days of follow-up (ΔRMST = 2.66 days, 95% CI 1.80-3.52; CR2 p < 0.001). Heterogeneity was substantial, and the 95% prediction interval (- 1.60 to 6.92 days) crossed the null, indicating that benefit is expected on average but not uniformly across experimental contexts. Adding therapeutic platform improved model fit, but category estimates were based on few and unevenly distributed publications; the largest point estimate, for ZIKV combined with immune checkpoint blockade (ΔRMST = 3.93 days, 95% CI 2.72-5.14; two publications), is therefore descriptive and hypothesis-generating rather than comparative evidence. Sensitivity analyses using experiment-specific truncation horizons preserved the overall direction of effect but were not directly comparable in magnitude. ZIKV-based therapy shows context-dependent preclinical activity in glioblastoma; standardized efficacy, safety, and delivery studies are required before platform selection or clinical translation.","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":"32 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148840353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Possible involvement of viral infection in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. 重症肌无力的发病机制可能与病毒感染有关。

IF 2 4区医学

Journal of NeuroVirology Pub Date : 2026-08-26 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-026-01334-6

Maria Dolci, Lucia Signorini, Federica Perego, Sara Passerini, Chiara Giannasi, Francesca Camurri, Alessia Berni, Sara Messina, Valeria Pietropaolo, Alessandro Baj, Paola Cavalcante, Serena Delbue

{"title":"Possible involvement of viral infection in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis.","authors":"Maria Dolci, Lucia Signorini, Federica Perego, Sara Passerini, Chiara Giannasi, Francesca Camurri, Alessia Berni, Sara Messina, Valeria Pietropaolo, Alessandro Baj, Paola Cavalcante, Serena Delbue","doi":"10.1007/s13365-026-01334-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-026-01334-6","url":null,"abstract":"Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that involves the targeting of neuromuscular junctions and is primarily driven by autoantibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). While genetic susceptibility is a factor, environmental triggers, particularly viral infections, are being increasingly investigated as potential contributors to MG pathogenesis. This review examines the complex interplay between viral pathogens and MG, highlighting mechanisms such as molecular mimicry, bystander activation, and the aberrant stimulation of innate immune pathways via Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Key DNA viruses, including Epstein‒Barr virus (EBV) and parvovirus B19, have been detected within hyperplastic thymic tissues and thymomas, suggesting that they may sustain local autoreactive B-cell activation. Furthermore, recent clinical data emphasize the role of RNA viruses, most notably SARS-CoV-2, as significant triggers of new-onset MG and myasthenic crises. Despite substantial evidence linking viral infections to MG, further mechanistic research and large-scale observational studies are needed to definitively establish causality and refine therapeutic strategies targeting these virus-induced immune responses.","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":"32 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13518376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148829029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0