Journal of NeuroVirology最新文献

{"title":"Spatial and temporal mapping of early alphaherpesvirus invasion routes into the mouse central nervous system.","authors":"Viktoria Korff, Issam El-Debs, Julia Sehl-Ewert","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01278-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-025-01278-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alphaherpesviruses such as Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) and Pseudorabies virus (PrV) invade the central nervous system (CNS) via peripheral nerves. While olfactory and trigeminal pathways are well-known, additional cranial routes remain underexplored. Using a PrV-∆UL21gfp/US3∆kin mutant in CD1 mice, we mapped early neuroinvasion (4-96 hpi) by immunofluorescence and RNA in situ hybridization. Viral antigen and lytic viral gene expression (UL19 RNA) were detected in the olfactory epithelium, vomeronasal organ, incisors, palate, olfactory bulb, and brainstem. These results indicate multineural CNS access involving olfactory (I), trigeminal (V), glossopharyngeal (IX), and hypoglossal (XII) nerves, highlighting this model's value for studying early alphaherpesvirus spread.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The presence of human polyomavirus JC (JCPyV) in pediatric brain tumors: a plausible trigger in Wnt/β-catenin pathway.","authors":"Sara Passerini, Sara Messina, Marta De Angelis, Lucia Nencioni, Francesca Gianno, Manila Antonelli, Valeria Pietropaolo","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01284-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-025-01284-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The presence of human polyomavirus JC (JCPyV) in pediatric brain tumors: a plausible trigger in Wnt/β-catenin pathway.","authors":"Sara Passerini, Sara Messina, Marta De Angelis, Lucia Nencioni, Francesca Gianno, Manila Antonelli, Valeria Pietropaolo","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01274-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-025-01274-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), but its plausible role in brain cancers is also disputed. One candidate to mediate cell transformation is the Large T antigen (LTAg), which has the capability to bind the Wnt pathway protein β-catenin, thus deregulating the cell cycle. In the current study, we investigated the presence and molecular state of JCPyV in pediatric brain tumors and the effects of virus-positivity on the Wnt pathway. JCPyV DNA was found in 31/101 (30.7%) brain tumors with a viral load of 3.2 copies/cell. The amplified NCCR revealed an archetype sequence, and VP1 reported a high degree of homology with the reference strain. The LTAg gene was reported in all JCPyV-positive tumors. Interestingly, among them, 5 tissues did not express VP1 and viral miRNAs, supporting a hampering of late region transcription. Over-expression of β-catenin, c-myc and cyclin D1 was observed in JCPyV-positive tissues compared to negative ones, suggesting that the virus may exploit this signaling pathway, potentially contributing to brain carcinogenesis. The current study adds further evidence of JCPyV prevalence in human brain tumors and reports alterations of the Wnt pathway, laying the basis for further investigation on JCPyV-mediated oncogenesis in the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive and vascular (dys)function after COVID-19.","authors":"Aleksandra Đ Ilić, Vladimir Galić, Vojislava Bugarski Ignjatović, Željka Nikolašević, Dmitar Vlahović, Goran Knezović, Jasmina Boban, Duško Kozić, Željko Živanović","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01276-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-025-01276-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 is a systemic infection that causes endothelial dysfunction, contributing to severe cases. While vascular complications are well-documented, their impact on vascular structure, function, and cognition remains unclear. This cross-sectional study explored vascular and cognitive differences across patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19, examining correlations between global cognitive performance and vascular parameters. This study included 83 working-age patients (30-65 years, both sexes) who recovered from COVID-19 within 6-12 months. They were grouped by severity: mild (outpatients, no oxygen support), moderate (hospitalized, conventional oxygen therapy), and severe (hospitalized, advanced oxygen therapy). Exclusions included pre-existing cognitive or neurological conditions, significant atherosclerosis, malignancies, and prior COVID-19 vaccination. Global cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test, while vascular parameters - carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), beta stiffness index (β index), mean flow velocity (MVs), maximum velocity after breath-holding (MV-BH), and breath-holding index (BHI) - were evaluated using duplex ultrasound and transcranial Doppler. Patients with severe COVID-19 had the highest carotid stiffness and poorest cerebrovascular reactivity. While MoCA scores showed no significant group differences, 23-40% had mild cognitive impairment. MoCA scores negatively correlated with β index in mild group (ρ=--0.453; p = 0.034), while MVs positively correlated with MoCA in severe cases (ρ = 0.414; p = 0.028). The association between arterial stiffness and cognitive impairment in mild cases, suggests lasting effects of SARS-CoV-2 rather than pre-existing conditions. These findings highlight carotid stiffness as a key factor in post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment, emphasizing early risk identification for timely intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in cerebral function parameters in persons with HIV with symptoms of insomnia switching from dolutegravir- to bictegravir-based antiretroviral therapy.","authors":"Merle Henderson, Kate Alford, Samira Bouyagoub, Nicki Doyle, Sriram Vundavalli, Pedro Vicente, Albert Busza, Alan Winston, Jaime H Vera","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01270-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-025-01270-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep disturbances are frequently reported in persons with HIV and have been associated with the use of certain integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), such as dolutegravir. This exploratory study assessed changes in cerebral function parameters in individuals with insomnia switching INSTIs. Individuals with an insomnia severity index (ISI) above 8 and virologically suppressed on a dolutegravir-containing ART regimen (DTG-ART) were randomised 1:1 to either continue DTG-ART or switch to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC-ART) for 120 days. Cerebral function parameters were measured longitudinally at baseline (D0) and day 120 (D120) and included: (1) patient-reported outcomes (PROs) assessing sleep, quality of life (QoL) and symptoms related to ART, (2) resting-state functional cerebral MRI (fMRI), examining functional connectivity networks previously associated with DTG use or sleep and (3) plasma soluble inflammatory biomarkers associated with neuroinflammation or HIV disease progression (Neopterin, CXCL10 and IL-6). Functional connectivity analyses were performed using Seed-Based Correlations (SBC), and correlations between connectivity changes, PRO measures and biomarker concentrations determined. Of 19 individuals (12 DTG-ART, 7 BIC-ART), median age was 55 years (range 28-83), all were male and 17 of white ethnicity. Over 120 days, improvements in sleep and QoL in those randomised to BIC-ART vs. DTG-ART were observed. Median change in Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score - 9 (-14 to -2) vs. -1 (-10 to -4), p = 0.030, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) -3.0 (-6 to -1) vs. 2 (-3 to 6), p = 0.007 and Short Form-36 Physical Function (SF36-PF) -5 (-40 to 5) vs. 0 (-5 to 15), p = 0.026) for BIC- vs. DTG- ART, respectively. BIC-ART was also associated with increased functional connectivity in the Default Mode and Salience Networks (both p < 0.05), which correlated with improvements in PRO measures (ESS and SF36-PF, both p < 0.05). No significant changes in soluble biomarkers were observed. Individuals with insomnia switching to BIC-ART had improvements in self-reported sleep, QoL and resting state fMRI networks associated with sleep, when compared to those continued on DTG-ART.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical spectrum of AES (Acute encephalitis syndrome) and a syndromic approach for its diagnosis.","authors":"Sidharth S, Sarada Devi K L, Sreelatha K H","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01261-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-025-01261-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is now being used for surveillance in all encephalitis endemic zones irrespective of the etiology. Numerous viral pathogens possess the ability to invade the CNS and produce neurologic dysfunction. We performed a hospital-based descriptive study between January 2019 to January 2020 in the Department of Microbiology, GMC, Thiruvananthapuram taking samples from 193 AES patients admitted under the Departments of Internal Medicine, Neurology & Paediatrics. The samples were proceeded with PCR/ELISA depending on the clinical history. A viral etiology was established in 48 cases (24.9%) & most were caused by EBV (5.7%). MRI revealed temporal lobe involvement in 9 patients. 20% cases had post-encephalitic sequelae-focal neurological deficits and persistent seizures. Most number of patients were found to have infected with Epstein- Barr virus. Identification of the causative agent is of great importance in AES, as rapid detection and confirmation of etiological agent will have a tremendous impact on the management of outbreaks as well as patient's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"363-375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herpesvirus initiation of dementias and autoimmune diseases.","authors":"Kevin Roe","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01265-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-025-01265-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several viral, bacterial, fungal, and protozoan parasite pathogens are capable of causing either active and/or latent chronic infections, particularly if they are highly immuno-evasive. The nine human herpesviruses are among the most evasive pathogens. They can remain latent for decades, but can periodically reactivate into active chronic infections after various triggers: medical treatments causing intentional or unintentional immune system suppression, other pathogen infections, malnutrition, stress, or unusual host cell signaling. Various neurological disorders including dementias and severe autoimmune diseases have been linked to highly prevalent human herpesvirus infections including herpes simplex type 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, human cytomegalovirus, and herpesviruses 6A, 6B, 7 and 8. For example, dementias including Alzheimer's disease have been extensively linked to herpes simplex type 1 and 2, and herpesvirus 6A and 7, but other herpesviruses may be indirectly involved in dementias. For instance, recent evidence strongly suggests dementias can result from reactivated varicella-zoster herpes virus infections, whereas effective vaccinations against varicella-zoster herpes virus reactivations to avoid shingles have also shown significant reductions in dementia probabilities for vaccinated individuals. This raises questions about how various herpesviruses can initiate or enable neurological diseases including dementias and autoimmune diseases, and how their infections and particularly their reactivations from latency can initiate these diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"305-332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific mitochondrial DNA changes in neuron-derived extracellular vesicles of African American adults: impact of HIV infection and smoking.","authors":"Vladimir Berthaud, Tarik Smith, Venkateswara R Amara, Derek Wilus, Franklin J Nouvet, Waldemar Popik","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01272-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-025-01272-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in extracellular vesicles (EVs) may track HIV-related neuronal injury. We measured mtDNA copy number in neuron-derived EVs (NEVs) and total plasma EVs from 48 African American adults stratified by sex, HIV status, and smoking. NEV-mtDNA differed by group (p < 0.05): men with HIV showed the highest levels, markedly exceeding HIV-negative men and all women, while smoking raised NEV-mtDNA only in men. Plasma EV-mtDNA paralleled NEVs but was ~ 100-fold higher, reflecting systemic release. These sex-specific increases implicate HIV as a stronger mitochondrial stressor in men and support NEV-mtDNA as a convenient biomarker of neuro-mitochondrial dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"389-394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12362235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144731889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Guillain-Barré syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, including the impact of COVID-19 vaccination in the context of the development and general clinical characteristics of the disease.","authors":"Jakub Sadowski, Joanna Huk, Sylwia Otulak, Jesica Zawiło, Tomasz Klaudel, Mateusz Roszak, Dominik Tenczyński, Rafał Jakub Bułdak","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01267-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-025-01267-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, a statistically significant increase in the incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has begun to be observed. This article discusses the impact of immunological processes on structural and functional changes in the peripheral nervous system on the pathogenesis of GBS. The aim of the systematic review is to analyze and discuss available information from the scientific literature regarding a possible clinical relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection along with vaccination mainly, adenovector and mRNA vaccines and the development of different types of Guillain-Barré syndrome. The review specifically discusses the role of proinflammatory cytokines and \"cytokine storm\" in patients with COVID-19 and their potential impact on the phenomenon of \"molecular mimicry\" and the generation of autoantibodies in GBS. This issue has been expanded to include information from studies on the impact of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 virus and the higher number of observed cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Focusing on the characteristics of the methods, materials, results and conclusions, the review finally included 114 publications, like studies, meta-analyses, clinical cases and reviews. The systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Elsevier databases. It pointed out the molecular and clinical association between SARS-CoV-2 virus infections and COVID-19 vaccination, in the development of Guillain-Barré syndrome in the context of its clinical course.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"333-346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative analysis reveals human endogenous retroviruses-linked immune signatures in schizophrenia.","authors":"Mohammad Karimzadeh, Faranak Zakizadeh, Farah Bokharaei-Salim, Victoria Omranifard, Soroor Kiani, Mohammad Hossein Razizadeh","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01260-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-025-01260-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder with multifactorial etiologies, including genetic components. The role of Human endogenous retroviruses has been suggested in schizophrenia pathogenesis. This study aims to identify and analyze the shared genetic components between schizophrenia and Human endogenous retroviruses through bioinformatics approaches. Genes associated with schizophrenia and Human endogenous retroviruses were identified and analyzed for overlap. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed, followed by hub gene selection using various algorithms. Functional enrichment analyses were conducted to determine biological processes and pathways involved. Transcription factors and miRNA networks were built to investigate gene regulation. Drug and chemical interactions were examined, and gene-disease associations were assessed. Also, gene expression levels in different brain regions and brain and blood cells were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was done to evaluate the association of hub genes with schizophrenia. A total of 345 genes were found common between schizophrenia and Human endogenous retroviruses. Six hub genes (AKT1, CD4, CD8A, IL6, STAT1, and TNF) were identified. Gene ontology and pathway analyses indicated immune system involvement. Gene expression analysis showed differential expression patterns in blood and brain cells. IL6 and TNF were significantly upregulated in schizophrenia patients, while AKT1 exhibited downregulation. Logistic regression revealed IL6 and TNF as risk factors, whereas AKT1 showed protective effects. This study found key genetic interactions between schizophrenia and endogenous human retroviruses, with hub genes playing significant roles in immune signaling and neuroinflammation. These findings introduce potential targets for therapeutic interventions in schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":"347-362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}