Journal of NeuroVirology最新文献

{"title":"Mechanism of miR-140-3p reducing anesthesia induced neurotoxicity by downregulating BACE1 expression.","authors":"Guangping Yang, Li Liu, Zhenbin Zhan, Hai Chen, Jinguang Chen, Shilin Hu, Kangping Yang","doi":"10.1007/s13365-026-01313-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-026-01313-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Propofol is a widely employed intravenous general anesthetic that can induce neurotoxic effects on neurons. Previous research has indicated dysregulation of miR-140-3p in the hippocampal tissues of propofol-treated mice. This research was designed to investigate the function and underlying mechanism of miR-140-3p in propofol-induced neurotoxicity. To simulate propofol-induced neurotoxicity, human SH-SY5Y cells and mice were treated with propofol. Commercial kits were used to measure LDH, MDA, SOD, GSH-Px, and BDNF levels. Cells were transfected with miR-140-3p mimics, inhibitor, or BACE1 overexpression plasmids. Gene expression was assessed by RT-qPCR, cell viability by CCK-8, and apoptosis by flow cytometry. Dual-luciferase and RIP assays confirmed that miR-140-3p targets BACE1. The results confirmed that as the concentration of propofol increased, miR-140-3p levels were progressively downregulated, while BACE1 was correspondingly upregulated. Upregulation of miR-140-3p rescued propofol-treated SH-SY5Y cells from cytotoxicity, as evidenced by enhanced viability, suppressed apoptosis, and ameliorated oxidative stress. Consistently, miR-140-3p overexpression also attenuated propofol-induced neurotoxicity in vivo. Furthermore, BACE1 was confirmed to be a direct target of miR-140-3p through experimental validation, and this post-transcriptional repression was shown to mediate the observed neuroprotection. miR-140-3p attenuates propofol-induced neurotoxicity via BACE1 in vitro and in vivo, providing new insights and a potential biomarker for managing propofol-associated neurotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: The anticancer drug sunitinib promotes autophagy and protects from neurotoxicity in an HIV-1 Tat model of neurodegeneration.","authors":"Jerel A Fields, Jeff Metcalf, Cassia Overk, Anthony Adame, Brian Spencer, Wolfgang Wrasidlo, Jazmin Florio, Edward Rockenstein, Johnny J He, Eliezer Masliah","doi":"10.1007/s13365-026-01312-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-026-01312-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal of neurovirology : West Nile virus lineage 2 neuroinvasive infection presenting as unilateral facial palsy.","authors":"Antonio Mastroianni, Simone Malagò, Valeria Vangeli, Giuliana Guadagnino, Luciana Chidichimo, Maria Vittoria Mauro, Francesca Greco, Robert Tenuta, Lavinia Berardelli, Antonio Mori, Sonia Greco, Concetta Castilletti","doi":"10.1007/s13365-026-01310-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-026-01310-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-cohort comparison of the prevalence and clinical significance of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in people with versus without HIV.","authors":"Lillian Ham, Olivia Villers, Judith D Lobo, Tyler R Bell, Debralee Cookson, Douglas Galasko, Scott L Letendre, Mark W Bondi, David J Moore, Erin E Sundermann","doi":"10.1007/s13365-026-01309-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-026-01309-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With over half of people with HIV (PWH) in the U.S. entering older adulthood, identifying markers to distinguish Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and its precursor, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), from other forms of neurocognitive impairment among PWH is urgent. We examined how HIV and aMCI status relate to AD CSF biomarkers in adult PWH and people without HIV (PWoH) characterized for aMCI. We included 80 PWH from the National NeuroHIV Tissue Consortium and 80 PWoH from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention. Binary logistic regressions of AD-related CSF biomarker positivity (Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, t-tau, p-tau181, Aβ42/t-tau) were conducted with HIV serostatus, aMCI status, HIV x aMCI interaction, and demographic covariates. Among PWH, we examined how HIV-disease characteristics relate to AD biomarker positivity. No HIV x aMCI interactions were detected. Regardless of aMCI status, having HIV was associated with higher odds of CSF Aβ42 (OR = 7.97) and Aβ42/Aβ40 (OR = 6.06) positivity, suggesting increased cerebral Aβ plaque burden. Regardless of HIV serostatus, having aMCI was associated with higher odds of CSF p-tau181 positivity (OR = 3.64). Neither HIV nor aMCI status related to Aβ42/t-tau positivity. No HIV-disease characteristics related to AD biomarker positivity. Higher CSF Aβ positivity in PWH versus PWoH, regardless of aMCI status, suggests that HIV disease promotes amyloidosis; however, whether positive CSF biomarkers in PWH raises risk for future cognitive impairment and AD remains to be explored longitudinally. Like PWoH, elevated CSF p-tau181 among PWH may indicate increased risk for AD-related memory impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13018001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of extracellular vesicles derived from HIV-infected T cells and microglial cells in neuroinflammation and neuropathogenesis using a blood-brain barrier and cerebral organoid co-culture model.","authors":"Jun Yang, Zhimin Feng, Grace A McComsey, Ann Avery, Corrilynn Hileman, Wen-Cheng Xiong, Tyler Alban, Ge Jin, Bing Wang","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01297-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-025-01297-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) in suppressing HIV replication and reducing viral loads, latent reservoirs within the central nervous system (CNS) may contribute to persistent immune dysfunction, inflammation, and neurocognitive impairment in people living with HIV. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from serum and cerebrospinal fluid have been reported to contain HIV-1 RNAs, with their abundance associated with neurocognitive outcomes in ART-treated individuals. However, the mechanistic contribution of HIV-associated EVs in CNS pathology remains incompletely understood. In this study, we characterized EVs derived from latently HIV-1-infected T cells and microglial cells and identified HIV RNAs, including transactivation response element (TAR) RNA, Nef, and Tat RNA, within these particles. These EVs disrupted the integrity of a triple-cell blood–brain barrier (BBB) model by inducing apoptosis in BBB-associated cells. HIV-associated EVs were also able to traverse the BBB and promote apoptosis in cultured neuronal cells. In cerebral organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, these EVs induce production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and TNF-α. Single-cell RNA sequencing of cerebral organoids exposed to microglial cell-derived EVs revealed upregulation of genes involved in double-stranded RNA signaling, apoptosis, inflammation, and microglial activation in response to HIV-associated EVs. Additionally, these EVs induced increased expression and phosphorylation of protein kinase R (PKR) in cerebral organoids. Plasma-derived EVs containing HIV RNA from individuals with HIV, but not control EVs from uninfected donors, induced apoptosis in both cerebral organoids and neuronal cells. These findings suggest that HIV-associated EVs may contribute to neuroinflammatory processes and cellular injury in CNS models, potentially informing mechanisms underlying HIV-related neurocognitive impairment that persist despite ART.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV-1 Nef induces astrocytes proliferation, inflammatory response, A1-like astrocytes polarization and subsequent neuronal apoptosis via NF-κB signaling pathway.","authors":"Lei Zhang, Huan Yao, Wenhua Tao, Duo Cao, Lin Gao","doi":"10.1007/s13365-026-01307-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-026-01307-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) spreads around the globe and half of HIV-1-positive individuals suffer from HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). HIV-1 infection of astrocytes leads to neuroinflammation and neuronal injury. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 negative factor (Nef)-mediated astrocytic dysfunction, remain largely unclear. In the present study, our data showed that astrocytic Nef expression facilitated astrocytes proliferation, pro-inflammatory cytokines production and A1-like astrocytes polarization. Mechanistically, Nef-activated NF-κB p65 directly bound to the promoter regions of the proliferative marker (CyclinD1), the inflammatory genes (Il-6, Ccl2, Ccl5 and Cxcl10) and the A1-specific marker (C3), and upregulated these genes expression at transcriptional levels. Conversely, NF-κB signaling inhibitor BAY11-7082 (2 μM) or RNA interference targeting of NF-κB p65 markedly mitigated astrocytes-mediated Nef neurotoxicity. Moreover, Nef-transduced astrocytes-derived conditioned media induced large amount of apoptotic HT-22 and SH-SY5Y neural cells, which was remarkably reversed in response to NF-κB inhibition. Finally, in animal models, we determined that knockdown of NF-κB p65 effectively ameliorated Nef‑induced neuroinflammation, A1-like astrocytes polarization and neuronal death. Taken together, our data suggest that Nef induces astrocytes proliferation, inflammatory response, A1-like astrocytes polarization and neuronal death in a NF-κB-dependent manner. Our findings propose that NF-κB signaling might be a desirable therapeutic target for relief of astrocytes-mediated Nef neurotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147433769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond accuracy: facial emotion perception bias in people with HIV in Uganda.","authors":"K Ridgeway, Rebecca E Easter, Aggrey Anok, Raha M Dastgheyb, Scott A Langenecker, Julie Mannarino, Noeline Nakasujja, Deanna Saylor, Eran F Shorer, Stephen Tomusange, Gertrude Nakigozi, Robert Paul, Leah H Rubin","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01290-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-025-01290-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive complications remain common among people with HIV (PWH) globally, yet social cognition, critical for daily functioning, has received little attention, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. We examined facial emotion perception (FEP), a core social cognitive process, among 235 PWH and 224 people without HIV (PWoH) from the Rakai Neurology Cohort Study. FEP was assessed using the FEP task and associations with cognitive and psychosocial factors were examined. While overall accuracy did not differ between groups, PWH demonstrated greater fear bias (Cohen’s d = 0.20, 95%CI 0.01,0.38) and lower sad bias (Cohen’s d=-0.21, 95%CI -0.40,-0.03) than PWoH. In PWH, better declarative memory was associated with higher accuracy for fear and neutral faces and with lower fear bias, whereas psychomotor speed was related to higher accuracy for sadness and higher sad bias. In PWoH, declarative memory related to anger recognition and reduced sad bias, whereas psychomotor speed was associated with improved accuracy for fear and neutral faces and lower anger bias. Psychosocial factors (e.g., anxiety, PTSD symptoms) were not related to FEP in either group. Findings indicate that HIV status is associated with differential patterns of FEP bias, with PWH showing heightened fear bias and PWoH demonstrating greater sad bias. These results highlight the potential value of FEP bias as a marker of brain health in HIV and underscore the importance of declarative memory and psychomotor speed as potential intervention targets to improve social functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13455032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147344244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNA biomarkers for JC virus reactivation and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis patients: a systematic review.","authors":"Hasan Kaveyee, Javad Aalipour, Masoud Etemadifar, Mehrdad Roozbeh, Mohammadmahdi Emami, Pantea Miralaei","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01291-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-025-01291-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background PML from JC polyomavirus (JCV) reactivation is a major safety threat in multiple sclerosis, especially with natalizumab. However, it remains unknown which microRNA (miRNA) signals consistently indicate PML risk and JCV reactivation across studies. Aim Here we synthesize and critically appraise evidence for miRNAs as biomarkers of PML risk and JCV activity in MS. Methods A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-compliant systematic review of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science to April 1, 2025 identified studies assessing miRNAs and PML/JCV in MS. Two reviewers independently screened records and extracted data; findings were summarized qualitatively due to heterogeneity. Results Of 529 records screened, 7 studies met inclusion (n = 307 MS patients). The most consistent, previously elusive signals involved JCV miRNA-J1-5p and human miR-126, whose dysregulation recurred across independent cohorts and aligned with PML diagnosis or laboratory evidence of JCV reactivation. Across the included literature, miRNA profiling revealed add-on value to current JCV antibody and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based risk stratification, supporting its use as an adjunct rather than a replacement. Reporting was heterogeneous and effect estimates were seldom standardized, precluding meta-analysis. Conclusions Current evidence demonstrates a plausible, previously unresolved miRNA signature for PML risk and JCV activity, centered on JCV miRNA-J1-5p and miR-126. This synthesis opens the door to earlier, mechanism-informed surveillance and enables rational design of prospective validation studies for clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147344400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropathogenesis of Usutu virus-associated disease in Eurasian blackbirds (Turdus merula) involves apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway.","authors":"Giuseppe Giglia, Gianfilippo Agliani, Bas B Oude Munnink, Reina S Sikkema, Maria Teresa Mandara, Christine Fast, Marleen Gosens, Eefje J A Schrauwen, Erwin de Bruin, Andrea Gröne, Judith M A van den Brand","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01302-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13365-025-01302-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Usutu virus (USUV) is a zoonotic arbovirus causing systemic and neuroinvasive diseases in birds and flu-like or sporadic neuroinvasive disease in humans. USUV-associated encephalitis is morphologically well-characterized in birds, while the mechanisms of cell-damage in spontaneously infected birds remain poorly understood. For the closely related West Nile virus, apoptosis significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of othoflavivirus-induced neuropathology. This study investigates the involvement of apoptosis in USUV-associated encephalitis in Eurasian blackbirds (Turdus merula). To determine the apoptosis involvement, immunohistochemistry for cleaved-caspase-3 (CC3), TUNEL-assay, and RT-qPCR to compare mRNA expression levels of caspase 8 (extrinsic pathway) and caspase 9 (intrinsic pathway) were performed on brains of USUV-infected (n = 26) and USUV-uninfected (n = 16) blackbirds, as well as Africa 3 and Europe 3 USUV-lineages. The results showed a higher CC3 expression in USUV-infected (m = 231,96 ± 117,033) compared to uninfected blackbirds (m = 22,00 ± 13,31) (p < 0.001). Similarly, higher TUNEL-positive cell counts were detected in USUV-infected (m = 197,00 ± 83,56) compared to uninfected blackbirds (m = 19,00 ± 16,08) (p < 0.01). No significant differences were detected comparing Africa 3 and Europe 3 lineages. Additionally, both caspases were upregulated in USUV-infected blackbirds. Caspase 8 was in average 4,37 ± 0,89 (CI α = 0,05) times higher in USUV-infected blackbirds (p < 0.0001), while caspase 9 expression was in average 1,82 ± 0,89 (CI α = 0,05) times higher in USUV-infected blackbirds (p < 0.01). Although both apoptotic pathways are involved, the extrinsic pathway is notably more active in USUV-infected blackbirds, highlighting its role in USUV-associated brain damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12953318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147344378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bell's palsy as the initial manifestation of Listeria monocytogenes rhombencephalitis with brainstem abscesses in an immunocompetent adult: a case report.","authors":"María Camila Castañeda-Gómez, Valeria Ortegón-Ayala, Miguel Romero, Jose Luis Bustos","doi":"10.1007/s13365-025-01300-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-025-01300-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Listeria monocytogenes (LM) rhombencephalitis is a rare but severe manifestation of neurolisteriosis, typically reported in immunocompromised or elderly patients and often associated with high morbidity and mortality. We describe a 66-year-old immunocompetent man who presented initially with peripheral facial paralysis, an uncommon early manifestation reflecting cranial neuritis, before rapidly developing brainstem dysfunction, respiratory failure, and multiple abscesses. Diagnosis was confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and blood cultures, and despite targeted antimicrobial therapy the patient developed severe neurological sequelae. This case underscores that cranial neuritis may present as an early clue of neurolisteriosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroVirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147344180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}