{"title":"Development, QbD-based optimisation, <i>in-vivo</i> pharmacokinetics, and <i>ex-vivo</i> evaluation of Eudragit<sup>®</sup> RS 100 loaded flurbiprofen nanoparticles for oral drug delivery.","authors":"Shilpa Mandpe, Eknath Kole, Vishal Parate, Aniruddha Chatterjee, Arun Mujumdar, Jitendra Naik","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2024.2427294","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2024.2427294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to develop and evaluate flurbiprofen-loaded polymeric nanoparticles to achieve sustained drug release, enhancing therapeutic efficacy and minimising dosing frequency for improved patient outcomes. Flurbiprofen-loaded polymeric nanoparticles were prepared using a tubular microreactor and spray drying, optimised via Box-Behnken Design. Characterisation included particle size, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro and in vivo drug release, and techniques like FTIR, DSC, XRD, and SEM. Statistical analysis ensured robust formulation optimisation and evaluation of performance. The optimised batch of flurbiprofen-loaded polymeric nanoparticles was characterised for mean diameter, PDI, zeta potential, drug release, and EE% were found to be 306.1 ± 6.00 nm, 0.184 ± 0.02 Mw, -23.6 ± 1.51 mV, 85.46 ± 0.53% and 92.31 ± 0.84 (% w/w) respectively. Pharmacokinetic analysis further confirmed the sustained release, extending up to 12 hours and enhancing permeation compared to the pure flurbiprofen. Sustained release of flurbiprofen-loaded polymeric nanoparticles significantly enhances therapeutic effectiveness for inflammatory conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent updates of carotenoid encapsulation by spray-drying technique.","authors":"Patrícia Griep, Luana Gayeski, Rosicler Colet, Jamile Zeni, Eunice Valduga","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2024.2430643","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2024.2430643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carotenoids are compounds sensitive to environmental factors such as light, heat, and oxygen, which can result in the loss of their properties due to isomerisation and oxidation. To overcome this problem, spray drying encapsulation has been widely used as a method to protect and stabilise carotenoids in different wall materials. This article summarises the findings and research on spray drying encapsulation of carotenoids over the past 15 years, with an emphasis on the importance of controlling the operational conditions of the drying process and the association of different wall materials (proteins and polysaccharides), promising to increase encapsulation efficiency and stabilise carotenoids, with perspectives and trends in applications. The use of spray drying for carotenoid microencapsulation can open up new opportunities for controlled delivery of beneficial compounds. Based on the study, it is expected to provide information for researchers, professionals, and companies interested in the development of functional food products.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"26-46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lipid nanocarrier-based bigel of <i>Piper betel</i> oil for analgesic and anti-inflammatory applications.","authors":"Bhabani Sankar Satapathy, Abhishek Mishra, Kritika Mohanty, Snigdha Pattnaik, Shyamalendu Tripathy, Biswabhusan Biswal","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2024.2430651","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2024.2430651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Present study reports analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of <i>Piper betel</i> (L.) leaf oil loaded lipid nanocarrier (BLNs)-embedded bigel. BLNs were developed by solvent evaporation technique and were characterised by FESEM, Cryo-TEM, mean diameter, zeta potential, loading efficiency, etc. BLNs embedded bigel (BLNs-G) was evaluated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy in rat model. Data showed spherical BLNs with intact lamellarity, 138.2 ± 1.08 nm mean diameter, 0.182 PDI, -46.6 ± 0.61 mV zeta potential, 76.2 ± 2.1% (w/w) loading efficiency and a sustained release <i>in vitro</i>. BLNs-G was homogenous with satisfied viscosity (40 734 ± 1.7 cps), spreadability (8.3 ± 1.5 g.cm sec<sup>-1</sup>), extrudability (91.33 ± 1.3% w/w) along with a sustained permeation <i>ex vivo</i>. Significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory action were depicted by BLNs-G (1% w/w) in rat model (p ˂ 0.05) within 30 minutes post topical application. <i>In silico</i> docking study revealed high affinity of major phytoactive components with key analgesic/inflammatory mediators. Further pre-clinical investigations are warranted for futuristic clinical application of BLNs-G.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"47-69"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Harnessing the power of novel drug delivery systems for effective delivery of apigenin: an updated review.","authors":"Vanshita, Tanu Rawal, Hemant Bhati, Keshav Bansal","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2024.2437375","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2024.2437375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytochemicals as dietary components are being extensively explored in order to prevent and treat a wide range of diseases. Apigenin is among the most studied flavonoids found in significant amount in fruits (oranges), vegetables (celery, parsley, onions), plant-based beverages (beer, tea, wine) and herbs (thyme, chamomile, basil, oregano) that has recently gained interest due to its promising pharmacological effects. However, the poor solubility and extended first pass metabolism of apigenin limits its clinical use. Various advantages have been demonstrated by nanocarrier-based platforms in the delivery of hydrophobic drugs like apigenin to diseased tissues. Apigenin nanoformulations have been reported to have better stability, high encapsulation efficiency, prolonged circulation time, sustained release, enhanced accumulation at targeted sites and better therapeutic efficacy. An overview of the major nanocarriers based delivery including liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers etc., is described. This review sheds insight into the therapeutic effects and advanced drug delivery strategies for the delivery of apigenin.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"83-106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation and optimisation of solid lipid nanoparticles of rivaroxaban using artificial neural networks and response surface method.","authors":"Fatemeh Ghorbannejad Nashli, Sareh Aghajanpour, Ali Farmoudeh, Seyed Sajad Hosseini Balef, Meshkat Torkamanian, Alireza Razavi, Hamid Irannejad, Pedram Ebrahimnejad","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2024.2437362","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2024.2437362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to improve rivaroxaban delivery by optimising solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for minimal mean diameter and maximal entrapment efficiency (EE), enhancing solubility, bioavailability, and the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A central composite design was employed to synthesise 32 SLN formulations. Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) models predicted mean diameter and EE based on five independent variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimised SLN formulation achieved a mean particle diameter of 159.8 ± 15.2 nm, with a Polydispersity index of 0.46, a zeta potential of -28.8 mV, and an EE of 74.3% ± 5.6%. The ANN model showed superior accuracy for both mean diameter and EE, outperforming the RSM model. Structural integrity and stability were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high accuracy of the ANN model highlights its potential in optimising pharmaceutical formulations and improving SLN-based drug delivery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"70-82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shubham B Ahir, Bhaskar Vallamkonda, Ranadheer Reddy Challa, Nishant Chopade, Prashant K Deshmukh, Mahesh P More
{"title":"Spray-dried chitosan oligosaccharide microparticles with polyvinyl alcohol-based dispersions for improved gefitinib solubility.","authors":"Shubham B Ahir, Bhaskar Vallamkonda, Ranadheer Reddy Challa, Nishant Chopade, Prashant K Deshmukh, Mahesh P More","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2024.2428359","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2024.2428359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of research is to enhance the solubility of crystalline gefitinib (GF), a poorly water-soluble drug, by developing drug delivery systems using chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) particle engineering. Fabrication utilizes ionic gelation followed by spray drying. The preliminary evaluations such as Uv-Vis, FTIR, DSC followed by advanced techniques like SEM and invitro drug release characteristics was performed along with solubility study. The spray-dried particles measured a mean diameter of 3.18 ± 0.5 microns, %EE as well as load w/w improved from 63.25 ± 2.1% and 37.98 ± 1.5% w/w (COS nanoparticles) to 78.15 ± 2.6% and 45.34 ± 1.6% w/w (engineered microparticles), respectively. The zeta potential and in vitro studies demonstrated 41 ± 3.5 mV and 92 ± 2.1% (w/w) release suggest long-term stability and prolonged release. This novel engineering approach effectively enhances GF solubility and surface characteristics, offering promising potential for improving delivery characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"14-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advancements in microneedle technology: current status and next-generation innovations.","authors":"Siddhant Kumar, Rahul Shukla","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2024.2418613","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2024.2418613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microneedle technology is a pivotal component of third-generation transdermal drug delivery systems featuring tiny needles that create temporary microscopic channels in the stratum corneum which facilitate drug penetration in the dermis. This review offers a detailed examination of the current types of microneedles, including solid, coated, dissolving, hollow, and swelling microneedles, along with their preparation techniques as well as their benefits and challenges. Use of 3D printing technology is especially gaining significant attention due to its ability to achieve the high dimensional accuracy required for precise fabrication. Additionally, its customisability presents significant potential for exploring new designs and creating personalised microneedles products. Furthermore, this review explores next generation microneedles, especially stimuli-responsive microneedle, bioinspired microneedle and microneedles combined with other transdermal technology like sonophoresis, electroporation and iontophoresis. Regulatory aspects, characterisation techniques, safety considerations, and cost factors have also been addressed which are crucial for translation from lab to the market.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"782-803"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yashvi Naik, Hem N Naik, Jay Rai, Rushabh Shah, Smita Jauhari, Anand J Patel
{"title":"Synthesis of cefixime loaded PCL/HPMC blend nanoparticles: a controlled release study and <i>in vitro</i> anti-bacterial evaluation.","authors":"Yashvi Naik, Hem N Naik, Jay Rai, Rushabh Shah, Smita Jauhari, Anand J Patel","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2024.2427292","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2024.2427292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To enhance cefixime's effectiveness and address drug delivery challenges like concentration at the site, dose, and time, present study investigated the impact of polymer blends on cefixime's <i>in vitro</i> release profile.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cefixime-loaded nanoparticles were prepared via a modified solvent evaporation method, forming a W/O/W double emulsion. Characterisation included FT-IR, zeta potential, TGA, TEM, and XRD, with in vitro studies and kinetic models used to analyse the release mechanism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PH-4 nanoparticle formulation (80:20 PCL/HPMC, 0.5% PVA) achieved an 81% loading rate, no adverse effects, and a controlled release of 84.66%±2.53 over 30 days. It showed stable physicochemical properties, with <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial tests revealing inhibition zones of 27.4 ± 2.12 mm for <i>E. coli</i> and 17.2 ± 2.23 mm for <i>S. aureus</i> at 12 hours.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the findings, developed nanoparticulate system containing PCL/HPMC demonstrates its efficacy and safety as a controlled drug delivery method for antibiotics like cefixime.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"844-855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biodegradable polymeric nanocomposite containing phloretin for enhanced oral bioavailability and improved myocardial ischaemic recovery.","authors":"Prasanti Sharma, Trishna Bal, Sandeep Kumar Singh, Neelima Sharma","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2024.2418608","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2024.2418608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study aimed to enhance phloretin's oral absorption and systemic availability through nanoencapsulation within biodegradable polymers, improving its anti-oxidant and cardioprotective potential.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Phloretin-loaded polymeric nanocomposites were prepared using ionic gelation and optimised for yield, encapsulation, loading, particle size, PdI and zeta potential. The formulation was characterised by FTIR, XRD, FESEM and MS. <i>In-vitro</i> drug release, stability, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, anti-oxidant capacity, haemolysis and both <i>in-vitro</i> and <i>in-vivo</i> assessments were conducted in an ischaemia-induced rat model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation and drug loading of the optimised nanoparticles were 105.8 ± 1.92 nm, -41.5 ± 1.10 mV, 92.36 ± 0.01% and 18.47 ± 0.38%, respectively. Nano-phloretin enhanced oral bioavailability, anti-oxidant capacity. <i>In-vivo,</i> it reduced myocardial infarct size by ∼46% versus ∼13% for free phloretin, showing significant cardiomyocyte protection and ROS suppression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrates polymer-based nanoparticles as effective oral drug delivery systems capable of enhancing both systemic bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of the encapsulated drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"754-769"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paliperidone-loaded nose to brain targeted NLCS: optimisation, evaluation, histopathology and pharmacokinetic estimation for schizophernia.","authors":"Manish Ashok Khedkar, Vipin Sharma, Meraj Anjum, Sanjay Singh, Kamal Shah, Perwez Alam, Hitesh Kumar Dewangan","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2024.2426545","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2024.2426545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Study was to develop a nanostructured-lipid-careers (NLCs) of paliperidone (PLP) for nose-to-brain targeting. NLCs was prepared by sonication, high-shear homogenisation method, and characterised their mean diameter, PDI, zeta-potential, morphology (by SEM, TEM and AFM), entrapment efficiency, drug loading, <i>in vitro</i> release, interaction study (by FTIR), and stability. Further, <i>ex vivo</i> permeation and ciliotoxicity performed in sheep nasal mucosa, and <i>in vivo</i> biodistribution/pharmacokinetic was performed in rats for schizophernia. Developed NLCs showed spherical and clearly 3-dimentinal structure with 129 ± 2.7 nm mean diameter, 0.304 ± 0.003 PDI, -7.61 ± 0.56 mV zeta-potential, 58.16 ± 0.17% entrapment efficiency, 65.8 ± 2% drug loading and 74.32 ± 0.003% release in 12 h, followed by Higuchi model. <i>Ex vivo</i> study showed NLCs have three times higher permeation, compare to pure drug (around 71.50.32% in 6 h) and 3.98 g/cm<sup>2</sup>/h steady sate flux. The blood/brain ratio given by intranasally have higher compare to IV route, and 94.53 ± 21.45% drug targeting efficiency in brain. In conclusion, NLCs have easily crossed BBB, higher drug delivery and effective for schizophrenia in given by intranasal.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"832-843"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}