{"title":"Serum albumin nanoparticle systems for encapsulation and sustained release of antiviral drugs.","authors":"Pritimala Sahu, Namrata Singh, Rajeshree Shinde, Nitin Chattopadhyay, Veenu Joshi, Bhanushree Gupta, Kallol K Ghosh, Manmohan Lal Satnami","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2703088","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2703088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 crisis highlighted the importance of safe and efficient drug delivery approaches that enhances targeted therapy while minimising side effects. In the present study, bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles were prepared using desolvation method and explored as carriers for antiviral drugs like remdesivir, molnupiravir, hydroxychloroquine, and daclatasvir. Particle size measurements and electron microscopy confirmed formation of uniformly dispersed spherical nanoparticles, diameters ranging between 39 and 100 nm. Drug incorporation into BSA nanoparticles induced changes in the polydispersity index, indicating drug-specific differences in particle distribution and system uniformity. Both blank and drug-loaded formulations exhibited negative zeta potentials with irregular shifts as protein concentration increased. Encapsulation efficiency remained nearly constant across formulations F-1 to F-4, suggesting early saturation of drug-protein interaction sites and efficient loading at lower BSA levels. Results from formulation F-2 indicated that drug release patterns were influenced more by the intrinsic physicochemical characteristics of the drug than by nanoparticle characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"358-372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148520654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anjali Kerketta, Jasmin Maria James, Alex Yagoo, Jelin Vilvest, A Mariya Vaishnika
{"title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using <i>Swertia chirayita</i> and their antioxidant and anticancer potential.","authors":"Anjali Kerketta, Jasmin Maria James, Alex Yagoo, Jelin Vilvest, A Mariya Vaishnika","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2691223","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2691223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanotechnology is widely explored in biomedical fields, especially for cancer therapy and antioxidant applications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesised using plant extracts offer a green and eco-friendly alternative to chemical methods. While AgNPs have been synthesised from many medicinal plants, there are no prior reports on the biosynthesis of AgNPs from the critically endangered Himalayan herb <i>Swertia chirayita</i>, a phytochemical-rich plant containing unique xanthones, iridoids, and secoiridoid glycosides and their application against lung cancer cells. This study reports, for the first time, the biosynthesis of AgNPs using <i>S. chirayita</i> aqueous extract and evaluates their antioxidant and anticancer potential. AgNPs were characterised by UV-Vis, XRD, FESEM, and EDAX. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH assay, while cytotoxicity against A549 lung cancer cells was assessed using MTT assay and AO/EtBr staining to observe apoptosis. AgNPs exhibited an IC<sub>50</sub> of 40.61 µg/mL, demonstrating strong antioxidant and apoptosis-inducing anticancer effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"314-327"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148338860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> investigation for nose to brain delivery of surface modified PLGA nanoparticles of baclofen.","authors":"Garima Rai, Surbhi Sharma, Harshit Devtalla, Pammi Gauba, Amit Tyagi, Jasjeet Kaur Narang, Shweta Dang","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2698623","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2698623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Baclofen is widely used for neuropathic pain but has limited therapeutic efficacy due to poor brain bioavailability and restricted penetration across the blood-brain barrier.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and evaluate polysorbate 80-coated PLGA nanoparticles for enhanced brain delivery of baclofen.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Baclofen-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared using the double emulsification solvent evaporation method and characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and drug loading. <i>In vitro</i> drug release, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and <i>in vivo</i> biodistribution studies were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized nanoparticles showed a mean particle size of 141.2 nm, entrapment efficiency of 90.2%, and drug loading of 10.4%. Sustained drug release (79.42% over 48 h), minimal neuronal cytotoxicity, and enhanced cellular uptake were observed. <i>In vivo</i> biodistribution studies demonstrated significantly higher brain accumulation of baclofen compared with conventional delivery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Polysorbate 80-coated PLGA nanoparticles effectively enhanced baclofen brain delivery, providing sustained release, good biocompatibility, and improved brain targeting, indicating their potential for more effective neuropathic pain management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"347-357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148471010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cutting-edge nano novel drug delivery carriers (NDCs) for tuberculosis (TB) management: insights into clinical trials and patent landscape.","authors":"Rahul Pal, Binita Ghosh, Prottay Dutta, Tapaskumar Mukeshkumar Shah, Akashdeep Singh","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2684955","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2684955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) persists as a global threat, worsened by MDR/XDR strains. Conventional therapies suffer from poor compliance, toxicity, and targeting. Nanotechnology-driven systems enhance bioavailability, targeting, and treatment efficacy. This review explores recent advances in novel drug delivery carriers for TB, emphasising clinical trial progress and global patent trends. It highlights key innovations, emerging patterns, and existing translational gaps in the field. A thorough literature search (March 1, 2020-March 1, 2025) across major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Patents) is conducted to compile recent data on nano-formulations for TB treatment. The review highlights key Novel drug delivery carriers (NDCs) and others-as promising TB treatments. Patent trends show growing global interest, particularly from countries such as India, the United States, and China. NDCs offer transformative potential for TB treatment, addressing traditional therapy limits. Advancing research and patents show growing adoption, clinical success studies and scalable production.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"251-281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148251971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tran Thi My Duyen, Vu Dang Hoang, Tran Thi Hai Yen
{"title":"Retinyl palmitate-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers prepared by the phase inversion temperature method: Physicochemical properties, <i>in vitro</i> skin permeation, and occlusion ability.","authors":"Tran Thi My Duyen, Vu Dang Hoang, Tran Thi Hai Yen","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2695993","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2695993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have emerged as a promising approach to improve the stability and dermal delivery of retinyl palmitate (RP), a widely used anti-ageing ingredient. This study developed RP-loaded NLCs using the phase inversion temperature method for topical delivery. In this study, RP was encapsulated into NLCs prepared by the phase inversion temperature method. The optimised formulation comprised 2% polysorbate 20, a 5:5 ratio of glyceryl monostearate to cetyl palmitate, and a 6:4 solid-to-liquid lipid ratio. The resulting RP-NLCs displayed favourable physicochemical properties, including a particle size of 119.0 ± 3.7 nm, polydispersity index of 0.039 ± 0.005, zeta potential of -22.6 ± 0.6 mV, and high encapsulation efficiency (94.49 ± 0.01%). The nanoparticles were spherical with a low recrystallinity index (10.98%). RP-NLCs significantly enhanced skin penetration, and the 0.1% RP-NLC gel demonstrated good occlusive ability, supporting their potential in advanced anti-ageing formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"328-346"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148376127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amr Gamal Fouad, Amany Belal, Olfat Yousef Gushgari, Rowaedh Ahmed Bawaked, Fadiyah Abdullah Al Shwail, Fatma I Abo El-Ela
{"title":"Management of coronary artery disease via simvastatin-loaded novasomes.","authors":"Amr Gamal Fouad, Amany Belal, Olfat Yousef Gushgari, Rowaedh Ahmed Bawaked, Fadiyah Abdullah Al Shwail, Fatma I Abo El-Ela","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2688996","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2688996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Simvastatin (SMT) offers protection against diabetes mellitus related to coronary artery disease (DM-CAD) because of its cardioprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its low bioavailability and poor solubility limit its effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This research aimed to develop and evaluate a nasal simvastatin-loaded novasomes (S-NOV) to enhance the drug's bioavailability, solubility, and effectiveness in treating DM-CAD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The efficacy and bioavailability of the nasal S-NOV formulation were tested in a DM-CAD-induced rat model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimal S-NOV formulation demonstrated an 8.31-fold increase in bioavailability, a 4.64-fold enhancement in permeability, and a 4.71-fold increase in drug release. The nasal S-NOV formulation showed superior cardioprotective and antioxidant effects compared to oral SMT in various biomarkers, including lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione, and catalase. Histopathological and toxicology studies confirmed that the nasal S-NOV formulation was effective and safe.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that nasal S-NOV formulation could be a viable and safe therapy for DM-CAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"218-232"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148317631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leveraging engineered small EVs to mitigate cancer pain: a new paradigm.","authors":"Subham Sarkar, Souvik Roy, Lopamudra Choudhury","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2677813","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2677813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer pain is a complex, debilitating symptom involving both nociceptive mechanisms from tissue damage, tumour acidification, and pro-inflammatory mediators, and neuropathic components from tumour invasion, chemo- or radiation-induced nerve injury, altered ion channels, and glial activation. This peripheral and central sensitisation makes conventional analgesics inadequate and toxic.</p><p><strong>Objectives and methodology: </strong>Engineered small extracellular vesicles (EVs) can offer a promising nanomedicine solution. These biocompatible, nanoscale vesicles cross biological barriers, including the blood-brain barrier, and can be loaded with therapeutic cargo like anti-inflammatory miRNAs, neurotrophic factors, or analgesics via parent cell engineering or direct loading and functionalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Targeted EV delivery can enable localised suppression of pro-nociceptive inflammation, nerve repair, precise analgesic release, and tumour burden reduction, addressing cancer pain's molecular mechanisms for more effective pain relief.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"163-183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148055034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phyto-engineered CuO nanoparticles from gum <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i>: a GC-MS, molecular docking, and bioactivity study.","authors":"Farwa Nasir, Sofia Javed, Muhammad Irfan","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2690015","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2690015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To profile the phytochemicals of gum <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i> and evaluate its potential for the synthesis of CuO nanoparticles (NPs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Gum constituents were identified by GC-MS. The CuO NPs were synthesised and characterised using UV-Vis, DLS, TEM, FTIR, EDX, and XRD. Antibacterial, photocatalytic, and molecular docking analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GC-MS revealed 21 phytochemicals. NPs showed UV-Vis absorption at 260-270 nm, an average hydrodynamic diameter of 135.2 ± 3 nm, and a TEM size of 83 ± 2 nm. FTIR confirmed phytochemical involvement in NPs formation, while XRD verified a monoclinic crystalline structure. NPs exhibited antibacterial activity against <i>E. coli</i> (25 ± 1 mm) and <i>B. subtilis</i> (16.5 ± 1 mm) and degraded crystal violet dye. Oleic acid showed favourable docking scores with bacterial targets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gum <i>E. camaldulensis</i> is an effective phytochemical resource for producing bioactive CuO NPs with antibacterial and photocatalytic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"233-250"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nipun, Aayush Bhadyaria, Vasundhara Rajpal, Balak Das Kurmi, Shiv Shakti Singh, Manish Kumar, Ravi Raj Pal
{"title":"Development and optimization of gallic acid-enriched nanostructured lipid carriers for the amelioration of rheumatic inflammation: <i>in-vitro</i> and <i>in-vivo</i> study.","authors":"Nipun, Aayush Bhadyaria, Vasundhara Rajpal, Balak Das Kurmi, Shiv Shakti Singh, Manish Kumar, Ravi Raj Pal","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2685813","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2685813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To develop gallic acid loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (GA-NLCs) using sea buckthorn oil (SBO) for topical delivery to manage adjuvant induced rheumatic inflammation in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Designed GA-NLCs were optimised by the Box-Behnken model and characterised by dynamic light scattering, DSC, XRD, and evaluated for drug permeation, hemocompatibility, cytocompatibility, and <i>in vivo</i> anti-arthritic potential.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GA-NLCs exhibited particle size 188.4 ± 35nm, zeta potential -19.13 + 0.5 mV, entrapment efficiency 89.35 ± 2.46%, drug content 14.00 ± 1.36 mg/gm, and 87.74 ± 3.4% of drug permeation across skin. GA-NLCs showed significantly improved (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) skin enhancement ratios in comparison to gallic acid dispersion in aqueous medium (4.53 fold) and SBO (3.40 fold). GA-NLCs showed hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility. Topical application of GA-NLC gel significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reduced arthritic score and paw edoema, comparable to diclofenac gel.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GA-NLCs exhibited enhanced skin permeation, reduced arthritic score, and synergistic anti-inflammatory effects, offering a promising intervention for the effective management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"203-217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148301919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Porous starch: production methods and encapsulation potential of bioactives.","authors":"Manisana Athokpam, Sanstuti Prasad, Vasudha Sharma, Soumya Ranjan Purohit","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2676303","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2676303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porous starch is a modified form of starch, distinguished by numerous pores extending towards central cavities. The article delineates various methods for producing porous starch, including physical, chemical, enzymatic, and synergistic approaches. The paper further explores the encapsulation potential of porous starch, discussing its applications in various fields. It addresses the encapsulation of curcumin, anthocyanins, probiotics, flavours, essential oils, and pharmaceuticals. A comparison between modified starch and porous starch as encapsulation matrices in spray drying is also provided, emphasising the advantages of porous starch in terms of encapsulation efficiency and yield through combining porous starch with other materials, such as whey protein or gum arabica. The article also underscores the need for further exploration of alternative starch sources, such as lotus stem, water chestnut, and foxnuts, for porous starch production, thereby opening new avenues for research and application in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"131-162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148264904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}