Journal of microencapsulation最新文献

{"title":"Nanostructured lipid nanocarrier scaffold of ranolazine: preparation, optimization, <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> evaluations.","authors":"Kiran D Patil, Yogeeta O Agrawal","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2025.2521070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652048.2025.2521070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to develop and optimise Ranolazine-loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (RNZ-NLCs) to overcome the poor oral bioavailability and rapid clearance associated with Ranolazine, thereby improving its therapeutic efficacy. RNZ-NLCs were prepared using the hot high-pressure homogenisation technique and optimised using a 2³ factorial design. Characterisation techniques included dynamic light scattering (DLS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), <i>in vitro</i> drug release profiling, and pharmacokinetic analysis in rats. The optimised RNZ-NLCs exhibited a mean diameter of 205.8 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.318, a surface charge (Zeta potential) of -22.4 mV and drug loading of 8.01% w/w. DSC and XRD studies confirmed the transformation of Ranolazine into an amorphous state, and FTIR indicated no chemical interaction with excipients. <i>In vitro</i> release studies showed a sustained release profile, with 65% drug release at 12 hours and 90% at 24 hours, fitting the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Long-term storage stability studies over 90 days revealed no significant changes in particle characteristics. Pharmacokinetic evaluation in rats showed that RNZ-NLCs increased the Cmax to 18.621 µg/mL (from 9.413 µg/mL for free RNZ), delayed Tmax to 4 h (from 2 h), and enhanced AUC₀-∞ to 217.02 µg·h/mL (from 32.06 µg·h/mL). Additionally, mean residence time (MRT) and elimination half-life (t₁/₂) were extended to 11.83 h and 6.81 h, respectively. RNZ-NLCs significantly improved the pharmacokinetic profile and storage stability of Ranolazine, indicating their potential as a promising delivery system for enhancing oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and optimisation of esculin-loaded chitosan microspheres for intravitreal injection.","authors":"Ning He, Danqing Wu, Rui Luo, Ziqin Cao, Shuang Shan, Qingsong Fei, Jiabao Wu, Shaoyun Bai","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2025.2515840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652048.2025.2515840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was to prepare the esculin-loaded chitosan microspheres for intravitreal injection and explore the feasibility of the treatment of macular degeneration. The microspheres were fabricated using an emulsification crosslinking technique. The drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and mean particle diameter of the optimised esculin-loaded chitosan microspheres were 8.03 ± 1.30%, 93.03 ± 2.16%, and 4.81 ± 1.60 μm, respectively. The thermal stability evaluation at 25 °C demonstrated consistent particle diameter maintenance, with microspheres retaining sizes of 4.73 ± 1.75 μm and 4.89 ± 1.55 μm after 15 and 30 days' storage periods, respectively. The <i>in vitro</i> release profile demonstrated 80% cumulative drug release from the microspheres over a 72 h period. Subsequent pharmacokinetic analysis revealed significantly enhanced parameters in the vitreous humour following intravitreal administration, with the half-life (<i>t</i>_1/2) reaching 879.88 ± 44.00 min and the area under curve (<i>AUC</i>) attaining 150.18 ± 2.28 × 10³ mg·min/mL. Intravitreal injection of esculin-loaded chitosan microspheres offers a promising drug delivery system for the treatment of macular degeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel combinational nanomedicines, liposomes, to tackle breast cancer.","authors":"Mohamed Attia, David Hill, Cheng Shu Chaw, Amal Ali Elkordy","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2025.2487031","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2025.2487031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Doxorubicin (DOX), a potent chemotherapeutic, is a commonly prescribed treatment for breast cancer, but is limited by severe organ toxicity. Therefore, more effective therapies are required. This study developed a novel DOX-liposomes (LipDOX-ALA-AA) co-loaded with alpha-lipoic-acid (ALA) and ascorbic-acid (AA) to enhance antineoplastic effect.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Liposomes were fabricated using a microfluidic-system with a DSPClipid:Cholesterol ratio of 1:1 and a flow rate ratio of 5:1. Liposomes were investigated using various-techniques such-as dynamic light scattering to measure liposomes' size and charge; and UV-spectroscopy to determine DOX-encapsulation-efficiency, EE. Cytotoxicity assays used various cell-lines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data revealed that LipDOX-ALA-AA had diameter of 79.0 ± 0.3 nm, with narrow size distribution, and zeta-potential of -4.0 ± 1.2. DOX-EE exceeded 95%, drug load was 0.5 mg/105.5 mg total content, drug release followed a biphasic pattern. Cytotoxicity assay showed activity (<i>p</i> < 0.05) against breast cancer cell-lines with reduced nephrotoxicity compared to Doxosome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This novel formulation (LipDOX-ALA-AA) offers a promise in breast cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"368-391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-articular treatment of osteoarthritis using novel biocompatible etoricoxib chitosan-hyaluronate hybrid microparticles.","authors":"Khaled E Abuelella, Hend Abd-Allah, Sara M Soliman, Mona M A Abdel-Mottaleb","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2025.2490033","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2025.2490033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The current study aimed to develop and evaluate Etoricoxib (ETX) loaded polyelectrolyte microparticles (PEMPs) for intra-articular delivery in osteoarthritis management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PEMPs were prepared by the electrostatic interactions between hyaluronic acid (HA) and chitosan (CS). The optimum formulation was characterized for encapsulation efficiency, particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), drug release, stability, TEM, FTIR, DSC and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimum formulation (ME4/TPP0.25) demonstrated spherical particles with a PS of 1.56 ± 0.04 µm, a PDI value of 0.29 ± 0.05, ZP of +35.26 ± 0.9 mV, and EE% of 94.7 ± 0.24% and loading capacity of 11.7 ± 0.16% (w/w). In vivo studies demonstrated that ME4/TPP0.25 significantly suppressed knee joint swelling, and significantly reduced the levels of catabolic and inflammatory mediators (ALP and IL-6) compared to drug alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that the optimum ETX-loaded PEMPs could be a promising formulation for knee osteoarthritis management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"421-435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β-Cyclodextrin-functionalized nanocarriers for bromocriptine: development, evaluation and histopathological studies.","authors":"Muhammad Ahsan Waqar, Iqra Noor Khan, Shabab Zahra, Farwa Shaheen, Saba Noureen, Shakeel Ahmad, Muhammad Irfan Siddique, Muhammad Nadeem Alvi","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2025.2487034","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2025.2487034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bromocriptine (BCM), a dopaminergic agonist used in Parkinson's disease treatment, has poor oral bioavailability due to extensive first-pass metabolism and limited gastrointestinal absorption. This study aimed to develop a β-cyclodextrin-functionalized bromocriptine nanoemulsion (oil-in-water) to enhance drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability while facilitating direct brain delivery via the intranasal route. The formulation was designed to overcome systemic metabolic barriers, improve drug permeation across the blood-brain barrier, and ensure sustained therapeutic effects with minimal systemic side effects. Nano-emulsions were prepared using high-shear homogenization. Characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological analysis. Globule size and zeta potential were measured using Malvern Zetasizer. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for structural analysis, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) assessed crystallinity. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was conducted for thermal analysis. Drug content and <i>in-vitro</i> drug release were evaluated using UV-visible spectroscopy. Stability studies were performed using centrifugation and freeze-thaw methods. Docking studies and Histopathological evaluation were also performed of the prepared formulations. Morphological studies revealed nano-sized globular particles with a mean diameter of 117.2 nm and a low polydispersity index (PDI 0.810), indicating uniformity. The nanoemulsion exhibited a zeta potential of -10.5 mV, ensuring colloidal stability. The encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of the optimized formulation (F4) was 95.36(% w/w,) with a drug load of approximately 9.5(% w/w). <i>In-vitro</i> drug release reached 85.65%, with permeation release of 78.44% and 70.13% ex-vivo. The formulation remained stable under freeze-thaw and centrifugation conditions. Cell toxicity assessments demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, with no significant cytotoxic effects observed in histopathological evaluations. This nanoemulsion presents a promising alternative to oral bromocriptine for Parkinson's treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"406-420"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellulose-based hydrogels enhanced with bioactive molecules for optimal chronic diabetic wound management.","authors":"Mahtab Ghasemi Toudeshkchouei, Hassan Abdoos, Jafar Ai, M S Nourbakhsh","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2025.2480598","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2025.2480598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogels are three-dimensional structures that replicate natural tissues' extracellular matrix (ECM). They are essential for transporting exudates, gases, and moisture and facilitating cellular interactions in tissue engineering and wound healing. The choice of primary material in designing the scaffold is necessary to be paid more attention rather than common sources, including plant fibres like cotton, bamboo, and algae, as well as bacterial and marine-derived materials. Among them, cellulose-based polymers are especially valued for their biocompatibility and ability to promote wound healing. Chronic diabetic wounds pose unique treatment challenges, such as necrosis and infection risks. Consequently, a growing interest is in incorporating bioactive molecules into cellulose-based hydrogels. This article investigates how these infused hydrogels enhance the healing process in chronic diabetic wounds, examining various loading and crosslinking techniques alongside their clinical applications. It also discusses the benefits and limitations of bioactive molecules and their interactions with hydrogels to improve treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"313-336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> PK/PD evaluation of glibenclamide nanosponges.","authors":"Marwa G Zaima, Shadeed Gad, Hany M Ibrahim","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2025.2483805","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2025.2483805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to develop glibenclamide (GLC)-loaded nanosponges (NS) using β-cyclodextrin to improve dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of GLC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blank NS were produced using solvent technique with varying ratios of β-cyclodextrin and carbonyl-diimidazole. The hyper-crosslinked β-cyclodextrin was dispersed in de-ionized water, and then lyophilised. The GLC-loaded-NS were prepared using different ratios of GLC to the previously developed NS_1:4 and evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, TEM, SEM, DSC, PXRD, FTIR, loading efficiency, pharmacokinetically, pharmacodynamically, histologically and effect of storage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GLC:NS_1:4 showed highest solubility (46.36 ± 2.44%w/v), entrapment efficiency (36.1 ± 0.57%w/v), particle size 352 ± 6.1 nm and Z-potential -25.3 ± 0.3 mV. GLC:NS_1:4 exhibited porous, spherical nanoparticles, with confirmed drug encapsulation. In-vitro and in-vivo evaluations demonstrated an initial burst followed by sustained drug release, reducing blood glucose levels by 79.6 ± 0.43%. The effect of storage revealed no significant changes after 3 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GLC-NS complexation improved oral bioavailability and extended drug release, suggesting better patient compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"352-367"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of antimicrobial nanotechnology using flavonoids: a systematic review.","authors":"Cláudio Carvalho Santana Júnior, Anamaria Mendonça Santos, Ana Maria Santos Oliveira, José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior, Laurent Picot, Luiza Abrahão Frank, Paula Dos Passos Menezes, Izabel Almeida Alves, Mairim Russo Serafini","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2025.2487033","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2025.2487033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical public health concern that arises when microorganisms evolve mechanisms to evade the effects of antibiotics, thereby rendering conventional treatments ineffective. This growing challenge underscores the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Nanotechnology, particularly when combined with environmentally sustainable practices such as green synthesis, reduces the use of toxic substances and minimises waste, offering a promising solution. This review explores the green synthesis of antimicrobial nanoparticles using flavonoids-natural compounds with substantial biological activity-as reducing and stabilising agents. By systematically analysing articles from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, 10 key studies were identified. The primary nanoparticles examined were metallic, including silver, gold, copper, and metallic, which demonstrated notable efficacy against pathogens such as <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. The results support that green-synthesised nanoparticles represent a viable strategy to combat AMR, offering an effective and eco-friendly alternative for developing antimicrobial agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"392-405"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation of a new nanoemulsion gel of lamotrigine for application via nasal route.","authors":"DaІia E Gaber, Alanood S Almurshedi, Basmah N Aldosari, Samiah Alhabardi, Randa M Zaki, Mahasen A Radwan, Xien Chen","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2025.2482048","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2025.2482048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of lamotrigine (LMG), an antiepileptic drug with low solubility, by formulating it into a nasal nanoemulsion (NE) for effective epilepsy control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>LMG was incorporated into a nasal nanoemulsion (LMG-NE) using a 3² factorial design via spontaneous emulsification method. LMG-NEs were characterised for drug loading (DL), entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size, microscopic examination, rheological profile, phosphatidylcholine liposome uptake, in vitro release, anticonvulsant activity, and in vivo pharmacokinetics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimal formulation exhibited a DL of 79.03 ± 0.5 (w/w), an EE% of 80.2 ± 3.0%, a mean diameter of 182.78 ± 22.76 nm, and a zeta potential of 0.60 ± 0.04 mV. LMG was rapidly released, with 91.87% ± 4.54% of drug was released within 2 hours. The area under the curve (AUC_0-24) showed a 1.84-fold increase compared to standard formulations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LMG-NE presents a promising alternative for epilepsy treatment, potentially reducing peripheral side effects and improving therapeutic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"337-351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pH-controlled release properties of chitosan-gold nanoparticles encapsulated nobiletin to induce apoptosis through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway on gastric cancer cell lines.","authors":"Hongyi Qing, Ping Xie, Zhenjiang Wu, Wenhai Fan, Yuanxiao Liang, Xiulian Xu","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2025.2507638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652048.2025.2507638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major health concern with limited effective therapies. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems offer targeted and efficient treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop chitosan-coated gold nanoparticles loaded with Nobiletin (Ch-AuNPs-NB) and evaluate their anticancer potential by targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in GC.<b>Materials and Methods</b>Ch-AuNPs were synthesized by NaBH₄ reduction and loaded with Nobiletin using nanoprecipitation. Characterization was done using UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, DLS, and TEM. Drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and pH-responsive release were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ch-AuNPs-NB (∼120 nm, PDI 0.247, +51 mV) showed enhanced drug loading (15%) and encapsulation efficiency (90.4%) at higher NB concentrations. The formulation demonstrated pH-responsive release over 72 hours and stability for 60 days.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>Ch-AuNPs-NB inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, induced apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle in AGS cells, highlighting its potential as a targeted GC therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}