{"title":"Sustained release and antioxidant efficiency of encapsulated <i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> essential oil in sodium alginate/gelatine systems.","authors":"Aicha Dehane, Dalila Hammiche, Rebiha Bellache, Balbir Singh Kaith","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2677006","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2677006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to enhance the stability and achieve controlled release of <i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> essential oil (PLEOs) <i>via</i> microencapsulation using a sodium alginate-gelatine complex coacervation system. Chemical composition of PLEOs was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Microcapsules were characterised using Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Optimised PLEOs microcapsules exhibited a zeta potential of -28.33 ± 0.90 mV, encapsulation efficiency (93.28 ± 0.31% w/w), retention efficiency (95.30 ± 0.11% w/w), and particle diameters from 10 to 40 µm. Thermal stability was significantly improved, with the degradation stage shifting from 110-340 ± 5 °C for PLEOs to 200-370 ± 5 °C after encapsulation. Antioxidant activity of PLEOs microcapsules increased to 56.0 ± 3.1%. <i>In vitro</i> digestion showed pH-dependent sustained release (15-60% w/w over 200 min; <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.95). These findings demonstrate that complex coacervation effectively protects PLEOs and ensures controlled release.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"184-202"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148258330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Liposomal co-delivery of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin D3 enhances brain deposition and neuroprotection in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Nikhil Biswas, Palash Das, Alakesh Bharali, Shatabdi Ghose, Bhanu P Sahu, Damiki Laloo","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2669805","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2669805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and vitamin D3 possess established neuroprotective properties; however, their clinical translation in Parkinson's disease (PD) is limited by suboptimal brain penetration.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to develop a liposomal co-encapsulation system of CoQ10 and vitamin D3 and to evaluate its efficacy against free drugs and standard L-DOPA therapy in a PD rat model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Liposomal formulations were prepared by thin-film hydration and characterised for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and <i>in vitro</i> release. Biodistribution of CoQ10 and vitamin D3 was evaluated in rats following intraperitoneal administration. Neurobehavioral, biochemical, inflammatory, and histopathological assessments were conducted in a rotenone-induced rat model of PD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimised formulation exhibited a particle size of 194.1 ± 6.2 nm, PDI of 0.26 ± 0.02, zeta potential of -32.8 ± 2.6 mV, and entrapment efficiencies of 68.4 ± 4.1% (CoQ10) and 77.9 ± 3.4% (vitamin D3), with sustained drug release over 72 h. Biodistribution studies demonstrated significantly enhanced brain uptake, with CoQ10 and vitamin D3 concentrations reaching 8.4 and 0.66 µg/g at 10 h, representing approximately 11-fold and 9-fold increases, respectively, compared with free drug solutions. In the PD model, liposomal treatment improved motor performance and restored catalase, glutathione, dopamine, and BDNF levels, while reducing TNF-α and IL-6 compared with the rotenone group (p < 0.0001). Histopathological analysis confirmed reduced striatal degeneration and preservation of hippocampal architecture.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Liposomal co-delivery of CoQ10 and vitamin D3 significantly enhances brain delivery and neuroprotection, representing a promising therapeutic strategy for PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"74-92"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147963790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pink lotus essential oil: <i>in vitro</i> activities, preparation of hydrogel, and its promotion wound healing <i>in vivo</i>.","authors":"Zhen Zhang, Feiyue Tian, Huajing Sun, Zhenyu Sun, Xueyuying Wang, Runzhou Sun, Jing Wang, Hongbo Wang, Yanling Gong","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2667728","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2667728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to evaluate the <i>in vitro</i> activities of pink lotus essential oil (PLEO) and develop a PLEO-loaded hydrogel formulation to promote wound healing. The antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cell proliferation and migration-promoting activities of PLEO were determined. PLEO was microencapsulated by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and incorporated into a hydrogel matrix. The <i>in vivo</i> wound healing efficacy and underlying mechanisms of the hydrogel were examined in a mouse model. PLEO inhibited <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>, suppressed LPS-induced secretion of inflammatory factors, while promoting proliferation and migration of HUVECs and HSFs cells. The prepared hydrogels loading PLEO microcapsules showed a good physicochemical properties, andmarkedly accelerated wound healing in mice and upregulated the expression of type Icollagen, α-SMA and VEGF, PI3K, p-Akt, and p-eNOS inwound tissues. The hydrogels containing PLEO microcapsules accelerates wound healing through activation of the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"22-38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tianzhi Yang, Spencer Canham, Elise Kaserman, Mansi More, Shuhua Bai
{"title":"Autologous cell-derived exosomes as precision nanocarriers for enhanced targeted drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy in parental tumor cells.","authors":"Tianzhi Yang, Spencer Canham, Elise Kaserman, Mansi More, Shuhua Bai","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2676311","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2676311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exosomes are emerging as biologically derived nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery. In this study, we compared autologous and heterologous exosomes for delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and ICAM-1 siRNA in lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and brain endothelial (bEND.3) cells. Fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry showed significantly greater uptake of autologous exosomes in parental cells (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Doxorubicin-loaded autologous exosomes reduced A549 viability to 40.5 ± 2.0% at 200 µg/mL, compared to 64.5 ± 8.1% with heterologous exosomes, with similar trends for methotrexate and paclitaxel. Optimised exosome-Lipofectamine-siRNA formulations achieved 49.0 ± 7.2% ICAM-1 knockdown, outperforming controls. Both exosome types were nanosized (34.5 ± 1.0 nm and 72.1 ± 3.3 nm) and expressed CD63, CD81, ALIX, and TSG101. Proteomic analysis revealed a shared core proteome with distinct cell-specific signatures. These findings highlight the superior delivery efficiency of autologous exosomes as precision nanocarriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"115-129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Granulation-driven modulation of improved advanced flow properties with immediate drug release using modified Eudragit EPO granules.","authors":"Yogesh Chilbule, Tukaram Karanwad, Subham Banerjee","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2669799","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2669799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to improve the flowability and manufacturability of cohesive Eudragit EPO using wet granulation for immediate-release tablet formulations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>rPowder flow properties were evaluated using conventional micromeritic methods and advanced rheological analysis with a Brookfield Powder Flow Tester. Wet granulation was performed using 0.25% w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, with and without isoniazid as a model drug. Granules and tablets were characterised for particle properties, solid-state behaviour, physicomechanical characteristics, and drug release.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Raw Eudragit EPO exhibited poor flowability and high cohesiveness. Wet granulation significantly improved flow properties, increased particle size, and reduced surface area. Tablets prepared from optimised granules showed acceptable hardness, friability, disintegration, content uniformity, and complete drug release within 2 h in 0.1 N HCl. Solid-state analyses confirmed chemical compatibility and partial amorphization without degradation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Wet granulation effectively transformed Eudragit EPO into a free-flowing and compressible material suitable for immediate-release tablet manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"53-73"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148005549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fadli Mubaroq Nasution, Yuandani, Abdi Wira Septama, Wahrianto, Madeline Hana Tasya Siburian, Lolyta Fitri Mustanti, Sofna Dewita Sari Banjarnahor, Lia Laila, Ade Sri Rohani, Sufitni Sufitni, Ibrahim Jantan
{"title":"Development of <i>Curcuma domestica</i> extract-loaded transferosomes and evaluation of their <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities.","authors":"Fadli Mubaroq Nasution, Yuandani, Abdi Wira Septama, Wahrianto, Madeline Hana Tasya Siburian, Lolyta Fitri Mustanti, Sofna Dewita Sari Banjarnahor, Lia Laila, Ade Sri Rohani, Sufitni Sufitni, Ibrahim Jantan","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2669798","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2669798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to develop and characterise <i>C. domestica</i> ethanolic extract (CDEE)-loaded transfersomes and to evaluate their in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Transferosomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method and characterised for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, FTIR, and TEM. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS assays, and anti-inflammatory activity using a protein denaturation assay. The CDEE-loaded transfersomes that have undergone nanovesicle characterisation exhibit strong antibacterial activity (MIC of 0.97 μg/mL) comparable to tetracycline. They demonstrated robust antioxidant activity (DPPH IC<sub>50</sub> of 5.79 ± 0.01 and ABTS IC<sub>50</sub> of 6.82 ± 0.01), exceeding those of free CDEE. The optimised formulation demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects (95.11% inhibition of protein denaturation) comparable to that of ibuprofen. Incorporation of CDEE into transfersomal nanovesicles significantly enhanced its in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, highlighting its potential as an effective nanocarrier-based delivery system.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"39-52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147987787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microencapsulation of onion (<i>Allium cepa L</i>.) seed oil: influence of emulsion preparation and drying technologies.","authors":"Rabeb Azaiez, Abderrahmen Chargui, Donia Chaabane, Krisztina Albert, András Koris, Arijit Nath, Mondher Mejri, Leila Rezig","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2673032","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2673032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the influence of emulsification and drying techniques on the microencapsulation efficiency and stability of onion seed oil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Emulsions were prepared using rotor-stator homogenisation and cross-flow membrane emulsification, followed by spray drying or freeze drying. Three wall systems were tested: whey protein isolate (WPI), WPI/maltodextrin (MD), and WPI/trehalose (TRH). Encapsulation efficiency, moisture content, particle size, morphology, NIR spectroscopy, and principal component analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest encapsulation efficiency was obtained with spray-dried WPI/TRH microcapsules (83.08 ± 0.13%), followed by freeze-dried WPI/TRH (81.37 ± 0.36%). Spray-dried samples showed lower moisture and fewer fat-related NIR absorption bands. TRH formulations produced smoother, more spherical particles with reduced surface oil. PCA confirmed clustering according to drying method.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The WPI/TRH system combined with spray drying significantly enhances onion seed oil protection, demonstrating strong potential for functional food applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"103-114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148015918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Micro- and nanoencapsulation strategies for mefenamic acid delivery: carrier design, release mechanisms, and preclinical performance.","authors":"Parteek Prasher, Mousmee Sharma, Rabab Fatima, Shraddha Chugh, Harish Mudila, Flavia Zacconi, Sachin Kumar Singh, Daniela Calina, Javad Sharifi-Rad, William N Setzer","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2676313","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2676313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mefenamic acid, a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug which is widely used for the treatment of pain and inflammation, but its activity is limited by poor aqueous solubility, rapid metabolism and gastrointestinal toxicity. These constraints increase the first-pass loss, require frequent oral dosing of the drug and reduce bioavailability. We review nanocarrier approaches that enhance dissolution, absorption, and sustained delivery while mitigating the adverse effects. Vesicular systems (niosomes, liposomes, ethosomes) improve encapsulation, targeting, and gastric protection, whereas non-vesicular platforms (self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems, nanoemulsions, nanosponges) promote rapid dissolution and uptake. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers prolong circulation and improve drug retention, and layered double hydroxides and polymeric nanocomposites enable pH-responsive controlled release. Mucoadhesive intranasal nanoemulsions are also discussed for potential nose-to-brain delivery in neuroinflammation. Overall, we appraise pharmacokinetic and therapeutic gains and outline key considerations for clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148042729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noor Hazwani Salleh, Yanti Maslina Mohd Jusoh, Dayang Norulfairuz Abang Zaidel, Zanariah Hashim
{"title":"Optimisation of spray-dried microencapsulation of edible bird's nest co-product hydrolysate with maltodextrin-xanthan gum for improved stability and physicochemical properties.","authors":"Noor Hazwani Salleh, Yanti Maslina Mohd Jusoh, Dayang Norulfairuz Abang Zaidel, Zanariah Hashim","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2669788","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2026.2669788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Edible bird's nest (EBN) processing generates a protein-rich co-product that is commonly discarded, leading to resource wastage and loss of valuable bioactive peptides. This study aimed to optimise the spray-dried microencapsulation of edible bird's nest co-product hydrolysate (EBNCH) using maltodextrin-xanthan gum (MD-XG) to improve its stability and physicochemical properties. Response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimise EBNCH concentration, MD-XG concentration, and inlet temperature for maximum encapsulation efficiency and antioxidant activity. Optimal conditions (2.73% w/v EBNCH, 3.05% w/v MD-XG, 181 °C) yielded an encapsulation efficiency of 90.49% and antioxidant activity of 88.28 g-AAE/kg. The optimised powder exhibited a mean particle size <i>D</i>[4,3] of 6.14 ± 0.14 µm, narrow size distribution (span 1.33 ± 0.01), low moisture content, high solubility, and 1.7-fold higher sialic acid retention than non-encapsulated EBNCH. These findings demonstrate an effective strategy to valorise EBN co-products for functional food and nutraceutical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"820-833"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147874466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}