Navigating neurodegeneration: challenges, pathophysiology, biomarkers, and the promise of nanocrystals-based nanotherapeutics.

IF 3 4区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of microencapsulation Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI:10.1080/02652048.2025.2507637

Gagandeep Kaur, Jay Prakash Dewangan, Anuradha Kumari, Rahul Shukla

{"title":"Navigating neurodegeneration: challenges, pathophysiology, biomarkers, and the promise of nanocrystals-based nanotherapeutics.","authors":"Gagandeep Kaur, Jay Prakash Dewangan, Anuradha Kumari, Rahul Shukla","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2025.2507637","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Approximately 90% of drugs struggle with low solubility and non-selectivity in target-specific drug delivery. This creates a significant challenge due to the limited permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier. Poor solubility, low drug concentration at the target site, and rapid clearance via efflux transporters further restrict effective drug delivery in neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Nanocrystal (NC) technology offers a promising approach by producing sub-micron, carrier-free NCs with high drug payload, stabilised with stabilisers to enhance colloidal stability and shelf life. The increased surface area boosts the solubility, bioavailability, and brain permeability of hydrophobic drugs, making NCs an emerging technology for both therapeutic and diagnostic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. NCs are synthesised via top-down, bottom-up, and combinational methods, with NANOEDGE® and SmartCrystals® being some of the patented technologies. Despite the high potential of NCs in improving drug delivery to the brain, many challenges remain, including thermal instability, scalability, and long-term safety.","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of microencapsulation","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652048.2025.2507637","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Approximately 90% of drugs struggle with low solubility and non-selectivity in target-specific drug delivery. This creates a significant challenge due to the limited permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier. Poor solubility, low drug concentration at the target site, and rapid clearance via efflux transporters further restrict effective drug delivery in neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Nanocrystal (NC) technology offers a promising approach by producing sub-micron, carrier-free NCs with high drug payload, stabilised with stabilisers to enhance colloidal stability and shelf life. The increased surface area boosts the solubility, bioavailability, and brain permeability of hydrophobic drugs, making NCs an emerging technology for both therapeutic and diagnostic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. NCs are synthesised via top-down, bottom-up, and combinational methods, with NANOEDGE^® and SmartCrystals^® being some of the patented technologies. Despite the high potential of NCs in improving drug delivery to the brain, many challenges remain, including thermal instability, scalability, and long-term safety.

查看原文本刊更多论文

导航神经退行性变：挑战，病理生理学，生物标志物，以及基于纳米晶体的纳米疗法的前景。

大约90%的药物在靶向药物递送中存在低溶解度和非选择性的问题。由于血脑屏障（BBB）和血脑脊液屏障（CSF）的渗透性有限，这带来了重大挑战。溶解度差，靶点药物浓度低，通过外排转运体快速清除，进一步限制了神经退行性疾病（ndd）的有效药物递送。纳米晶体（NC）技术提供了一种很有前途的方法，可以生产亚微米、无载体的纳米晶体，具有高药物有效载荷，用稳定剂稳定，以提高胶体稳定性和保质期。增加的表面积提高了疏水药物的溶解度、生物利用度和脑渗透性，使纳米细胞成为神经退行性疾病治疗和诊断应用的新兴技术。nc通过自上而下，自下而上和组合方法合成，NANOEDGE®和SmartCrystals®是一些专利技术。尽管NCs在改善药物向大脑输送方面具有很大的潜力，但仍存在许多挑战，包括热不稳定性、可扩展性和长期安全性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of microencapsulation 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

6.30

自引率

2.60%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Microencapsulation is a well-established, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to the publication of original research findings related to the preparation, properties and uses of individually encapsulated novel small particles, as well as significant improvements to tried-and-tested techniques relevant to micro and nano particles and their use in a wide variety of industrial, engineering, pharmaceutical, biotechnology and research applications. Its scope extends beyond conventional microcapsules to all other small particulate systems such as self assembling structures that involve preparative manipulation. The journal covers: Chemistry of encapsulation materials Physics of release through the capsule wall and/or desorption from carrier Techniques of preparation, content and storage Many uses to which microcapsules are put.