Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition最新文献

{"title":"Complement activation profile of a phosphorylcholine-containing zwitterionic polymer in CRP-containing serum.","authors":"Tatsuro Goda, Haruka Murakoshi","doi":"10.1080/09205063.2026.2722171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2026.2722171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphorylcholine (PC)-containing polymers are widely used as biomimetic materials because of their favorable blood compatibility and resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption. Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC), one of the most extensively studied PC-containing polymers, has been applied to a variety of blood-contacting biomaterials. Although C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase inflammatory protein, is known to interact with PC-containing structures and can activate the classical complement pathway through C1q recruitment, whether PC-containing polymers induce complement activation under inflammatory conditions remains unclear. In this study, complement activation induced by PMPC was evaluated using CRP-spiked human serum to examine whether elevated CRP levels alter the complement activation profile of PC-containing polymers. Poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) and phospholipid liposomes composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-<i>sn</i>-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) were employed as reference materials. Complement activation was quantified by measuring the concentrations of C3a and soluble C5b-9 (sC5b-9), representing intermediate and terminal products of the complement cascade, respectively. PMPC did not induce significant increases in either C3a or sC5b-9 compared with control conditions. Similarly low complement activation was observed for PSBMA. In contrast, LPC-containing liposomes promoted substantial complement activation in CRP-spiked serum, resulting in elevated levels of both markers. These findings suggest that the presence of phosphorylcholine moieties within a polymeric architecture is not necessarily sufficient to trigger complement activation and that the molecular presentation of PC groups influences downstream complement responses. This study provides new insight into the immunological behavior of PC-containing polymer biomaterials and supports the development of PMPC-based biointerfaces with improved immunocompatibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":15195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148818215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purification and characterization of recombinant human type III collagen (COL3A1) fragment (C9).","authors":"Beiping Su, Zhenlin Tang, Jiaxin Duan, Zonglin Wang, Xinhe Huang","doi":"10.1080/09205063.2026.2719936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2026.2719936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Collagen, a key structural component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), plays a critical role in tissue repair and regeneration. Compared to traditional animal-derived collagen, recombinant collagen presents enhanced safety and uniformity, avoiding immunogenicity and pathogen transmission. Here, we engineered a recombinant COL3A1-derived fragment, designated C9, composed of nine tandem repeats of the Gly228-Pro281 fragment from human COL3A1. C9 was successfully overexpressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> under optimized conditions (initial OD₆₀₀ of 0.8, 0.5 mM IPTG, 10 h, 25 °C). C9 was purified by nickel-affinity chromatography, yielding a final concentration of 3.7 mg/mL. <i>In vitro</i> assays revealed that C9 exhibits substantial antioxidant activity, efficiently scavenging DPPH and ABTS radicals. Cellular assays further demonstrated that C9 exhibited low cytotoxicity and favorable cytocompatibility. In addition, C9 significantly promoted NIH/3T3 cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration. Collectively, these findings highlight the preliminary biological activity of C9 and support its further investigation as a recombinant collagen-derived biomaterial.</p>","PeriodicalId":15195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and biological evaluation of Ce and Fe doped hydroxyapatite reinforced PLA films for futuristic osteoregenerative applications.","authors":"Sabitha R, Kumaraguru S, Issathul Riswan M, Dinesh Kumar N, Arul Xavier Stango S","doi":"10.1080/09205063.2026.2722158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2026.2722158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioactive strength is crucial for load-bearing biomaterials. Although hydroxyapatite is highly biocompatible, it has brittleness and a lack of dual-ion substitution in polymeric scaffold studies. In this work, Ce/Fe doped HAP was synthesized by chemical precipitation and solvent cast onto PLA films. Phase-pure HAP with no secondary phases and a crystallite size decrease from 2.58-0.85 nm following doping was confirmed by XRD. Its structural integrity was confirmed by FTIR, which showed the distinctive phosphate and hydroxyl bands 550-627, 964.7, 1026, 3441 and 650 cm^-1. While EDAX confirmed the distribution of Ca, P, Ce and Fe with Ca/P ratios between 1.64 and 1.67. SEM showed homogeneous morphology. Nanorod structures measuring roughly 50-100 nm in length and 15-20 nm in width were revealed by TEM investigation. Enhanced surface reactivity was indicated by a rise in BET surface area from 89.17-105.82 m²/g and pore-volume from 0.411-0.499 cm³/g. Rapid apatite-nucleation and thick Ca/P-rich layer development were encouraged by <i>in vitro</i> bioactivity in SBF. Because enhanced dispersion stability and decreased particle agglomeration promote cellular interaction and lessen harmful effects, DLS analysis revealed nanosized with stable zeta potential, which correlates with the reported MG-63 cell viability reaching 84%. Excellent hemocompatibility was demonstrated by the fabricated dual ion doped HAP/PLA composite. Microhardness improved by almost 85%, rising from 73 H_V to 135 H_V. Ce/Fe doped HAP sample possess superior anti-microbial efficiency against both gram (+)'ve and gram (-)'ve strains. These findings demonstrate the complementary effects of polymer reinforcement and dual-ion doping, suggesting great promise for Osteo-regenerative applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148812994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue engineering scaffolds for the spinal cord: recent advances and future prospects.","authors":"Siying Chen, Shengjun Niu, Qi Yao, Yunyun Cai, Yankai Wang, Tianqi Wu, Suyan Chang, Tianxiang Ouyang, Zhitao Gu, Jiaxian Zhou, Jianhong Shen, Riyun Yang","doi":"10.1080/09205063.2026.2719934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2026.2719934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal cord tissue engineering scaffolds represent a highly promising option for the treatment and repair of spinal cord injury (SCI). They have a wide range of potential applications and, as essential biomaterial carriers, can restore the multifunctional microenvironment. Since spinal cord tissue engineering scaffolds have developed rapidly in recent years, a comprehensive and up-to-date review outlining future research directions and summarizing current findings is urgently needed. This paper first introduces the functional and fundamental material criteria for tissue engineering scaffolds used in the treatment of SCI. Next, we review developments in scaffold functionalization, including material modification and composites, scaffold structural design, cell seeding, and the delivery of bioactive molecules. We then provide an overview of design approaches for multifunctional composite scaffolds, such as synergistic composite scaffolds and smart responsive designs. Finally, we outline the current limitations of spinal cord tissue engineering scaffolds and their future development directions. We hope this article will provide valuable insights to support the application of spinal cord tissue engineering scaffolds in the biomedical field.</p>","PeriodicalId":15195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition","volume":" ","pages":"1-37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: advances in snail mucus-inspired biomaterials for diabetic wound repair.","authors":"Zhixuan Xiao, Xian Jiang, Yueshui Zhao, Jing Shen, Fukuan Du, Yu Chen, Mingxing Li, Xu Wu, Fang Wang, Zhangang Xiao, Shuai Deng, Zhuo Zhang","doi":"10.1080/09205063.2026.2719935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2026.2719935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic wounds are a class of chronic non-healing wounds driven by multiple interacting factors. Conventional therapies remain limited in their ability to actively modulate the wound microenvironment and promote coordinated tissue regeneration. In this context, naturally derived biomaterials with combined biological activity and material functionality have attracted increasing attention. Among them, snail mucus has emerged as a promising source of inspiration because of its multicomponent composition and potential roles in hydration, adhesion, barrier protection, antimicrobial activity, immune regulation, and tissue repair. This review summarizes recent advances in snail mucus and snail mucus-inspired materials for diabetic wound repair, with emphasis on the pathological basis of impaired diabetic wound healing, the biological functions and biomaterial potential of key components, and the engineering strategies derived from these components. We further discuss how snail mucus-derived materials can be reconstructed through hydration and wet-interface control, bioactive component immobilization and presentation, protein-polymer assembly, and spatial or nanoscale integration to regulate material properties and therapeutic functions. Although these materials have shown promising effects in inflammation modulation, antibacterial protection, angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, and tissue reconstruction, current evidence remains largely limited to preclinical studies. Challenges related to raw-material standardization, component definition, biosafety evaluation, and translational validation remain to be addressed. Overall, snail mucus represents not only a natural source of bioactive components for biomaterial construction but also a biomimetic design prototype for developing functional materials for chronic diabetic wound repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":15195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerium-mediated osteoinduction and ROS scavenging in 3D-printed PCL/SMCS scaffolds.","authors":"Haiqi Han, Liu Luo, Kai Chen, Shuxian Dong, Yumeng Ming, Qin Chen, Xinyue Zhang, Ziqiang Zhu, Dekun Zhang","doi":"10.1080/09205063.2026.2719001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2026.2719001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone defects resulting from trauma, malignant tumors, or infections are common clinical conditions. Current clinical treatments for bone defects, however, are associated with secondary injury, poor morphological matching, and immune rejection, falling short of clinical needs. Multifunctional bioscaffolds with osteogenic induction capability have emerged as a highly promising therapeutic strategy. In this study, 3D printing technology was utilized to fabricate scaffolds integrating ROS scavenging and osteogenic differentiation dual functions, and their physicochemical properties and biocompatibility were systematically investigated. Polycaprolactone (PCL) and strontium-magnesium-doped calcium silicate (SMCS) were selected to prepare PCL/SMCS scaffolds with varying SMCS ratios. SMCS incorporation effectively enhanced scaffold hydrophilicity and accelerated degradation. Cell culture experiments confirmed good biocompatibility of the PCL/SMCS scaffolds. Subsequently, cerium-doped SMCS bioceramics were prepared <i>via</i> a post-impregnation process. Notably, the PCL/0.1M Ce-SMCS scaffold exhibited optimal compressive performance, achieving a strength of 22.78 MPa-a 26.42% increase over the PCL/4SMCS scaffold. Compared with PCL/4SMCS, Ce doping promoted cell proliferation and adhesion, conferred ROS scavenging ability, and <i>in vitro</i> osteogenic assays indicated that low-content Ce-SMCS enhanced osteogenic differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial and ionic effects of Mg-Zn Co-doped HAp-PLA-HNT hybrid composites on cytocompatibility and osteosarcoma suppression.","authors":"Sivasakthi Sivakumar, Surendiran Mohan, Gopi Srinivasan, Shanmuga Sundar Saravanabhavan, Jeevadharani Murugan, Anushiya Manickam","doi":"10.1080/09205063.2026.2718998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2026.2718998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteosarcoma is an aggressive primary bone malignancy associated with high recurrence rates and limited therapeutic outcomes, necessitating the development of biomaterials capable of supporting bone regeneration while modulating tumor cell response. Our study focuses on the fabrication of Mg-Zn co-doped hydroxyapatite (M-HAp) and its incorporation to form composites, using poly lactic acid (M-HAp-PLA) and a ternary nanocomposite with nanotubular reinforcement (M-HAp-PLA-HNT). The composites were investigated <i>in vitro</i> for their toxicity and anti-cancer activity using L929 (mouse fibroblast cell) and MG-63 (human osteosarcoma cells). Cell viability assessed by the MTT assay confirmed that all composites maintained >90% viability, indicating acceptable selective cytocompatibility. ROS and AO/PI supported MTT assay with viable cells observed after treatment, the composites where AO/PI staining showed predominantly viable (green) cells with a limited fraction of membrane-compromised (red) cells, indicating partial but controlled cellular stress. DAPI staining further confirmed intact nuclear morphology, with no evident chromatin condensation or fragmentation. The observed biological response suggests that the combined effects of Mg²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ionic substitution, along with polymeric (PLA) and nanotubular (HNT) reinforcement, contribute to enhanced surface reactivity and regulated cell-material interactions. In particular, the ternary nanocomposite system exhibits a more uniform cellular distribution with moderated oxidative stress, without inducing extensive cytotoxic damage. Substantially, the developed composites exhibit a balanced dual functionality, combining cytocompatibility with controlled anticancer activity and demonstrate potential as advanced biomaterials for post-resection osteosarcoma management and bone tissue engineering applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell-friendly protein based nano-carriers for non-viral gene delivery to cancer cells.","authors":"Mahdi Yousefian, Maryam Baharmast","doi":"10.1080/09205063.2026.2717518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2026.2717518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene therapy has emerged as one of the most promising approaches in both medical and biotechnological fields due to its capacity to modify, optimize, and regulate target DNA sequences. Recent advancements integrating gene therapy with nanotechnology, particularly through nano-carrier systems, have enabled precise delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids with controlled release at specific pathological sites [1]. Initially focused on monogenic disorders, gene therapy applications have now expanded to a broad spectrum of inherited and acquired diseases [2]. Protein-based nanocarriers have attracted considerable attention as next-generation non-viral vectors due to their intrinsic biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural versatility [3]. Their ability to encapsulate nucleic acids, support controlled release, and enable targeted delivery makes them attractive candidates for cancer gene therapy. These unique characteristics position protein-based nanocarriers as a cell-friendly and effective strategy for improving the safety and efficiency of gene delivery systems [4]. Consequently, they represent a promising strategy for improving the safety and efficacy of cancer gene therapy. The development of safe, efficient, and biocompatible vectors remains a critical determinant of therapeutic success. Recombinant peptides, despite their therapeutic potential, face challenges such as high toxicity, instability, poor bioavailability, and costly production, which gene therapy strategies aim to overcome [5]. Techniques including gene knockdown, mutation correction, and gene insertion are central to modern gene therapy approaches. This article reviews the recent progress and challenges associated with nano-based non-viral vectors designed for targeted delivery of DNA into cancerous cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":15195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive hydrogels from chitosan-gelatin-PVA@PVP@ZnO for enhanced antimicrobial activities for wound healing.","authors":"Saiqa Yousaf, Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan, Ashfaq Ahmad Khan, Abdalla Abdal-Hay, Hassan Fouad, Jwaher Alhaji, Yichi Xu, Malak Qattan","doi":"10.1080/09205063.2026.2711782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2026.2711782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin wound treatment and rehabilitation affect individuals and world health economically and socially. The negative impacts of infections, protracted recovery, and treatment costs cause this socio-economic burden. Herein, we have developed novel hydrogels from chitosan, gelatin, and PVA, crosslinked with TEOS and incorporated with PVP-coated ZnO (PVP@ZnO). These formulations were characterized to determine their structural behavior, porous morphology, thermal stability, and wettability using FTIR, SEM, TGA, and water contact system. The analyses, including swelling in different media, biodegradation, water retention, and gel fraction, were conducted to assess their physicochemical and pH-responsive behaviors. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities were also evaluated to determine their antimicrobial potential, and it was found that CGPZnO_1% exhibited maximum antimicrobial activity with exceptional hemocompatibility. The results confirmed that an increased quantity of PVP@ZnO led to improved cellular characteristics and accelerated wound healing. Hence, all these results revealed that the bioactive hydrogel formulation is pH-responsive and can be a promising dressing material for wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":15195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition","volume":" ","pages":"1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148689283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review on gellan gum <i>in-situ</i> gel as promising carrier for topical ophthalmic drug delivery and disease management.","authors":"Deepika Modi, Farheen Malik, Gurpreet Kandav, Jyoti Sinha","doi":"10.1080/09205063.2026.2709759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2026.2709759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various ocular illnesses, such as glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, and conjunctivitis, etc. necessitate repeated administration of drug. Therefore, the use of eye drops is preferred due to ease of application and patient compliance. But drug ocular bioavailability from traditional eye drops is low (1%), mainly due to factors such as fast tear turnover, less absorption, brief resident duration in the cul-de-sac and impermeability of the medications to the epithelial membrane of cornea. These issues may be addressed by using <i>in situ</i> gel-forming solutions, which are administered into the eye as drops and undergo a sol-gel transition in the cul-de-sac. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of high-quality research findings involving gellan gum (GG) as a polymeric ingredient in the development of new <i>in situ</i> gel drug delivery systems for ophthalmic applications. Here, the use of gellan gum is reported in its natural form, as well as in chemically modified derivatives or when physically blended with natural or synthetic materials. Beginning with a thorough review of current research works, the major attributes of the GG in ocular drug delivery have been highlighted. Numerous disciplines have extended their research into ophthalmic drug delivery utilizing gellan gum as <i>in situ</i> gels. So far, no reports that summarize these advancements are available. This paper intends to fill that gap. In this review, we aim to present research carried out on GG <i>in situ</i> gel for topical drug delivery to the eye for the management of various diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":15195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition","volume":" ","pages":"1-50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}