Anjali S Bhavikatti, Sharon Caroline Furtado, Pooja Mallya, Basavaraj B V
{"title":"A review of natural polymer based biomaterials for wound care: addressing challenges and future perspectives.","authors":"Anjali S Bhavikatti, Sharon Caroline Furtado, Pooja Mallya, Basavaraj B V","doi":"10.1080/09205063.2025.2523503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2025.2523503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wound healing is a multifaceted biological process encompassing hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Globally, approximately 6.7 million individuals suffer from chronic wounds, with diabetic foot ulcers affecting 7-10% of diabetic patients. The prevalence of chronic wounds ranges from 1.3% to 3.6% in various countries, imposing substantial economic and healthcare burdens. Conventional synthetic dressings often fall short due to limited biocompatibility, inadequate antimicrobial properties, and inability to maintain an optimal healing environment. In contrast, natural polymers such as chitosan, collagen, alginate, gelatin, and hyaluronic acid offer superior biodegradability and biocompatibility, closely mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM). These materials support critical wound healing functions including hemostasis, moisture retention, antimicrobial activity, and cellular proliferation. When engineered into hydrogels, films, and nanofibers, natural polymers can be tailored to suit diverse wound types. Unlike synthetic alternatives, they promote tissue regeneration with minimal toxicity and enhanced biological efficacy. Furthermore, the integration of smart features such as stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems and real-time wound monitoring positions these natural polymer-based dressings at the forefront of personalized, multifunctional wound care. Despite challenges related to mechanical stability and cost, these advanced bio-materials hold great promise for transforming chronic wound management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A critical review on bone plates: state of the art and future directions.","authors":"Gourav Sardana, Subrata Bandhu Ghosh, Sanchita Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh","doi":"10.1080/09205063.2025.2517717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2025.2517717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article provides an in-depth overview of the mechanical, chemical, and biological properties of engineering materials used for orthopedic bone plates, along with their designs and fabrication methods. This review addresses the benefits and drawbacks of various materials that have been utilized as bone plates for the treatment of fractures and bone abnormalities. Due to their excellent mechanical properties, metallic bone plates have traditionally been employed for bone fracture fixation. However, the mismatch in mechanical properties and high density of metallic bone plates can lead to stress shielding and non-union, often requiring revision surgeries. These challenges are highlighted in the review, which then explores the potential of polymeric plates to overcome such issues. Nevertheless, the insufficient mechanical performance of polymeric bone plates often necessitates the development of composite bone plates that are patient-specific, biocompatible, and easily tailorable. Emerging research initiatives in this area are discussed. The article further elaborates on various fabrication processes and their impact on the surface properties of bone plates. Both conventional machining processes for internal fixation devices and 3D printing methods for fabricating patient-specific, customized bone plates are reviewed. The paper concludes by evaluating current advancements and anticipated developments related to bone plate technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":15195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huimin Wang, Kanran Ling, Qingting Hu, Hanchen Ding, Ran Li, Miao Li, Si Xu, Yangyang Cao
{"title":"Polysarcosine-based surfactants: syntheses and properties.","authors":"Huimin Wang, Kanran Ling, Qingting Hu, Hanchen Ding, Ran Li, Miao Li, Si Xu, Yangyang Cao","doi":"10.1080/09205063.2025.2522744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2025.2522744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As surfactants, amphiphilic molecules form micelles in aqueous solution to load hydrophobic medicines to increase their solubility and absorbability. TPGS, i.e. VE-PEG conjugate, is a commonly used effective surfactant suffering immune effects in human bodies with reduced biocompatibility and stealth property. Among the potential alternatives of PEG, polysarcosine (pSar) is the most promising one due to its outstanding property and effectiveness. Herein, we propose two strategies to polymerize Sar-NPC, <i>direct initialization</i> and <i>post-polymerization chain end modification</i> to conjugate hydrophobic building blocks onto pSar. <i>Direct initial-ization</i> applies amino-group-containing lipids 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) as initiators to produce DSPE-pSar and DOPE-pSar, respectively. <i>Post-polymerization chain end modification</i> changes chain end amino group of pSar to carboxyl group for esterification with the hydroxyl groups on vitamin E (VE) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol (DMG) to produce VE-pSar and DMG-pSar. The degrees of polymerization of pSar blocks are designed to be 14, 25 and 28 precisely, and the CMC values of the amphiphilic products are between 0.28 and 5.63 µg/mL. VE-pSar samples have extremely strong ability to increase the solubility of paclitaxel (PTX), 30 times more than TPGS. It also exhibits high cytocompatibility and low hemolysis rate below 5%, much less than TPGS. The two preparations of pSar-containing surfactants are efficient and versatile, and the products have high probability to become a new generation of clinical hydrophobic medicine solubilizer.</p>","PeriodicalId":15195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehmet Topuz, Erkan Karatas, Damla Ruzgar, Yuksel Akinay, Tayfun Cetin
{"title":"Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene/halloysite nanotube functionalized films for antibacterial applications.","authors":"Mehmet Topuz, Erkan Karatas, Damla Ruzgar, Yuksel Akinay, Tayfun Cetin","doi":"10.1080/09205063.2025.2522746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2025.2522746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the study, chitosan (CS)-based Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene/Halloysite nanotube (HNT) films were successfully synthesized using the solution casting method. The prepared films were characterized morphologically and structurally. To measure the surface wettability of the films for potential biological applications, contact angles were measured in simulated body fluid. The bacterial viability and antibacterial properties on Gram-negative (<i>E. coli</i>) and Gram-positive (<i>S. aureus</i>) bacteria were evaluated by CFU counting, and statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA. The HNT particles with a size of about 30-40 nm were homogeneously anchored onto MXene layers without partial agglomerations. The presence of micropores and functional end groups in the prepared films contributes to their antibacterial effect. The incorporation of HNT into the chitosan MXene film provided a hydrophilic character by decreasing the contact angle from 82.26° to 49.47°. Antibacterial evaluation revealed that the film exhibited high inhibition for <i>E. coli</i> (34.63%) and <i>S. aureus</i> (63%) due to the synergistic effect between HNT and MXene. These findings highlight the potential of the developed film as an antibacterial material for biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Formulation and optimization of chrysin emulgel using 3<sup>2</sup> factorial design of emulsifying and gelling agent for enhanced topical delivery.","authors":"Neha Singh, Phool Chandra","doi":"10.1080/09205063.2025.2522758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2025.2522758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study focused on the development and optimization of a chrysin-loaded emulgel for enhanced topical delivery using a 3<sup>2</sup> factorial design. Preformulation and compatibility studies, including FTIR and DSC, confirmed the chemical stability of chrysin with selected excipients, carbopol 934, tween 80, and light liquid paraffin. By using 3<sup>2</sup> factorial design, a total 9 formulations were prepared (F1-F9), employing different concentrations of carbopol 934 and tween 80 as independent variables. The prepared formulation was evaluated for drug content, viscosity, in-vitro drug release, globule size, pH, spreadability, and stability. The optimized formulation was identified through statistical analysis, response surface methodology (RSM), and overlay plots of independent variables versus dependent responses. In the results, drug content uniformity (96.34%-98.25%) viscosity (553.25-736.38 cP), globule size (7.57-13.7 µm), drug release (78.34%-86.26%), pH (6.44-6.82) and spreadability (17-22 g cm/s) were all within the acceptable range for emulgel. The RSM and overlay plots identified F3 as an optimized formulation with a desirability score of 0.986. The optimized formulation demonstrated ideal performance with the viscosity of 647.38 cP, globule size of 10.23 µm, drug release of 82.57%, drug content of 98.25%, pH of 6.68, and spreadability of 20 g·cm/s. The optimized formulation composed of chrysin (1%), light liquid paraffin (7.5%), mentha oil (4%), tween 80 (1.5%), carbopol 934 (3%), and methylparaben (0.03%). In-vitro permeation studies showed sustained drug diffusion over 12 h (112.72 µg/cm<sup>2</sup>), without an initial burst, indicating controlled release behavior. The developed emulgel system presents a promising approach for the effective topical delivery of chrysin.</p>","PeriodicalId":15195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144475368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancement of piperine solubility by solid dispersion using Kollidone VA64 and Soluplus as polymers: physicochemical characterization, molecular docking and cell viability assay.","authors":"Syed Sarim Imam, Wael A Mahdi, Sultan Alshehri","doi":"10.1080/09205063.2025.2511997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2025.2511997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Piperine (PRN) is a water-insoluble alkaloidal drug reported for different biological activities. As part of this study, Kollidone VA64 (KLD) and Soluplus (SLP) were used as carriers to develop piperine solid dispersions (PRN SDs) to enhance their solubility. The stability constant of the drug-polymer composition was determined by the phase solubility study. PRN SDs were evaluated for dissolution and saturation solubility studies to select the optimized composition. SDs were evaluated for drug-polymer compatibility by Infra-red and nuclear magnetic spectroscopy. The drug crystallinity was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and X-Ray diffraction method. Finally, a comparative cell viability assay was performed on the breast cancer cell line. The ternary system (PRN-KLD-SLP) depicted a significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) higher stability constant value than the binary system [PRN-KLD; (2.1 folds) and PRN-SLP (2.5-folds)]. An enhanced drug release (about 1.4-folds) was found from the ternary PRN SDs (F7-F9) than binary PRN SDs (F1-F6) and free PRN. The spectral analysis and molecular docking results confirm the formation of stable SDs. SEM and XRD results revealed conversion of crystalline PRN into an amorphous form. Cell viability data demonstrated a higher viability assay than the free PRN. Based on the study, we can say that the formation of ternary solid dispersion makes PRN more soluble and shows a better dissolution rate than the binary SDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144475367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced delivery of podophyllotoxin for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy using polymersome as an anticancer delivery platform.","authors":"Parvaneh Peyvand, Zahra Vaezi, Mohsen Sharifi, Hossein Naderi-Manesh","doi":"10.1080/09205063.2025.2520687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2025.2520687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Podophyllotoxin (PPT), a bioactive compound, shows promise as a potential cancer treatment drug. Nevertheless, low solubility and bioavailability of PPT necessitate a drug delivery system to improve its effectiveness. PPT was extracted from Linum album and delivered into HepG2 cancer cells using mPEG-PCL nanoparticles. Copolymers were synthesized and confirmed by UV-Vis, FTIR, <sup>1</sup>HNMR, XRD, FESEM analyses, and the other physicochemical properties were also characterized. The critical micelle concentration of the copolymers was calculated, and the ratio of 1:10 with a CMC of 0.055 µg. mL<sup>-1</sup> was selected as the optimal ratio. The average size and surface charge of micelles were 186 ± 12 nm and -5.13 ± 0.61 mV, respectively. FESEM analysis showed a uniform and spherical structure of nanoparticles. PPT was loaded into mPEG-PCL micelles in various ratios (w/w) of drug: copolymer using the nanoprecipitation method, and the ratio of 1:1 was selected as the optimal ratio with encapsulation and loading efficiency of 79.89 ± 1.28% and 10.15 ± 2.16%, respectively. The PPT release profile demonstrated a significant difference between the sustained release of PPT from the nanoparticles and the rapid release of free PPT. Cellular uptake studies revealed that the polymersomes effectively deliver the PPT to the HepG2 cells. The <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity assay showed increased cytotoxicity of PPT/mPEG-PCL NPs compared to the free drug. Based on the overall results, these nanoparticles show promise as a delivery system for controlled release of PPT in cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144325862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biomedical applications of seashells and seashell-reinforced polymer composites: a review of recent advances.","authors":"Mohammed Razzaq Mohammed","doi":"10.1080/09205063.2025.2504710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2025.2504710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The urgent need for alternative strategies for organ transplantation, replacement or regeneration of damaged tissues has been contributing in remarkable advances in biomaterials for various biomedical applications including tissue engineering. Seashells (SS), which are naturally occurring, available in large quantities and cost-free, have been drawn widespread attention recently for their potential use in the biomedical field. Besides, the unique properties of SS in terms of their biocompatibility, osteointegration, ease of manipulation, and adjustable mechanical behaviors make them a highly appropriate biomaterial for biomedicine, particularly in engineering bone. Compared to chemically synthesized hydroxyapatite (HA), SS-extracted HA can be perfectly matched the composition of bone minerals. Furthermore, polymer-based composites have numerous uses in various biomedical fields such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Several approaches and materials have been used to enhance the properties of biomedical field-based polymers. One such approach is the reinforcement of polymers using particles from either natural or synthetic sources including metals and ceramics. Nevertheless, the availability of natural materials with comparable properties to those found in the human body promotes the creation of better composites in terms of biocompatibility and affordability. The current review highlights recent studies regarding the development of SS-derived biomaterials as well as SS-reinforced polymer composites for orthopedics, orthodontics, and other biomedical applications. Beside to their key role in enhancing polymer properties, the use of SS particles has the benefit of lowering the cost of the resulting biocomposite and mitigate the deleterious influence of a massive amount of by-product waste on the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition","volume":" ","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianfei Cao, Chao Peng, Yan Lei, Haoming Wu, Shaojuan Xu, Qiyu Liu, Yi Liu, Mengjue Li, Yue Lu
{"title":"PPDO-induced tunable degradation and HA-enhanced osteogenesis in PLCL scaffolds for bone regeneration.","authors":"Jianfei Cao, Chao Peng, Yan Lei, Haoming Wu, Shaojuan Xu, Qiyu Liu, Yi Liu, Mengjue Li, Yue Lu","doi":"10.1080/09205063.2025.2519868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2025.2519868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poly(lacticacid-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) scaffolds face significant challenges in bone regeneration due to excessively slow degradation kinetics and inherent hydrophobicity. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel ternary 3D-printed scaffold composed of PLCL, poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO), and hydroxyapatite (HA) <i>via</i> fused deposition modeling (FDM) for the first time. The incorporation of PPDO would accelerate and enable tunable degradation of PLCL to match the bone healing timeline, while HA was aimed to enhance osteoinductivity and regulated the pH level to reduce adverse immune reactions of the acidic degradation products. The results demonstrated that degradation rate of the scaffolds was found to be modulated by PPDO and HA effectively. Moreover, the 3D printing extrusion enabled the porous scaffolds with customizability, diverse shapes, adjustable porosity and uniform pore sizes. In addition, proliferation and adhesion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as well as the expression of various osteogenic genes (ALP, Col-Ι, OCN, BMP-2, OPN) were also upregulated on the PLCL/PPDO/HA scaffolds. Therefore, these low-cost 3D-printed scaffolds may serve as an optimal bone graft for applications in bone tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":15195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gelatin modified nonisocyanate polyurethane/siloxane functionalized with quaternary ammonium groups as antibacterial wound dressing membrane.","authors":"Parsa Mousavi, Hamid Yeganeh, Ismail Omrani, Masoud Babaahmadi","doi":"10.1080/09205063.2025.2518305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2025.2518305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work presents antibacterial wound dressing membranes based on a nonisocyanate polyurethane-siloxane framework. These membranes protect wounded skin by providing mechanical strength, maintaining a moist environment, and ensuring hygiene through chemically anchored antibacterial moieties. Methoxysilane-functionalized soybean oil-based polyhydroxyurethane with quaternary ammonium groups was synthesized and combined with GPTMS and TEOS. Hydrolysis-condensation reactions formed membranes with siloxane domains and pendant epoxy groups. Gelatin was incorporated to enhance biocompatibility and mechanical strength. The resulting films demonstrated tensile strengths of 7.9 MPa (dry) and 0.61 MPa (swelled). Fluid handling capacities were 2.66-2.81 g/10 cm<sup>2</sup>/day (serum) and 0.79-1.10 g/10 cm<sup>2</sup>/day (serum vapor), making them suitable for light to moderately exuding wounds. Cytocompatibility was confirmed by MTT assays, showing over 80% fibroblast viability on dressings and over 90% viability in leachate-containing media. The blood compatibility of the dressing was confirmed by standard methods. The dressings also exhibited strong antibacterial activity, with 82% killing of Staphylococcus aureus and 52% killing of Escherichia coli. These results highlight the potential of these membranes for advanced wound care applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}