International Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling the Genetic Landscape of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated From Hospital Wastewaters: Emergence of Hypervirulent CC8 Strains in Tehran, Iran.","authors":"Fatemeh Sadat Tabatabaie Poya, Mirmohammad Miri, Zahra Salehi, Mohammad Javad Nasiri, Masoud Dadashi, Mehdi Goudarzi","doi":"10.1155/ijm/5458315","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/5458315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective(s):</b> Multidrug-resistant bacteria and priority pathogens, including MRSA, are frequently found in hospital wastewaters. It is crucial to investigate the genetic diversity, biofilm formation, and virulence analysis of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolated from hospital wastewaters. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> In this cross-sectional study, 70 <i>S. aureus</i> isolated from hospital wastewaters were subjected to characterization through antimicrobial susceptibility tests, biofilm formation, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and PCR analysis for detecting resistance (<i>mecA</i>, <i>mecC</i>, <i>vanA</i>, <i>vanB</i>, <i>mupB</i>, <i>mupA</i>, <i>msr(A)</i>, <i>msr(B)</i>, <i>erm</i>(A), <i>erm</i>(B), <i>erm</i>(C), <i>tet</i>(M), <i>ant</i> (4⁣')<i>-Ia</i>, <i>aac</i> (6⁣')<i>-Ie/aph</i> (2⁣^″), and <i>aph</i> (3⁣')<i>-IIIa</i>) and virulence genes (<i>eta</i>, <i>etb</i>, <i>pvl</i>, and <i>tst</i>). <b>Results:</b> Our results showed that 55.7%, 31.4%, and 12.9% of isolates were classified as strong, intermediate, and weak biofilm-forming strains, respectively. Our result revealed that about three-quarters of isolates harbored <i>mecA</i> (100%), <i>ant</i> (4⁣')<i>-Ia</i> (100%), <i>tet</i>(M) (92.9%), <i>erm</i>(B) (80%), and <i>msr</i>(A) (74.3%) resistance genes. MLST revealed that the 70 isolates belonged to five clonal complexes, including CC8 (52.9%), followed by CC30 (15.7%), CC5 (14.3%), CC1 (11.4%), and CC22 (5.7%). The vast majority of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates belonged to CC8/ST239-MRSA (21.5%). Among the 39 strong biofilm producers, the majority (25.6%) belonged to CC8/ST239-MRSA clone. Our result revealed that about one-third of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive strains belonged to CC30/ST30. The high-level mupirocin-resistant (HLMUPR) isolates belonged to CC8/ST239-MRSA (36%), CC30/ST30-MRSA (16%), CC8/ST8-MRSA (12%), CC5/ST5-MRSA (12%), CC8/ST585-MRSA (8%), CC5/ST225-MRSA (8%), CC5/ST1637-MRSA (4%), and CC8/ST1465-MRSA (4%) lineages carrying <i>mupA</i>. The VRSA strain belonged to the CC8/ST239-MRSA, CC8/ST8-MRSA, and CC22/ST22-MRSA clonal lineages, carrying the <i>vanA</i> determinant. <b>Conclusion:</b> These findings highlight significant genotypic diversity and high biofilm formation among our isolates. From this study, we identified highly virulent strains of <i>S. aureus</i> associated with biofilm production and drug resistance; some of these strains were highly similar, highlighting the possibility of rapid spread. The high prevalence of CC8 and CC30 clones among <i>S. aureus</i> strains reflects the emergence of these lineages as successful clones in hospital wastewaters in Iran, which is a serious concern. The study highlights the importance of wastewater surveillance to understand genetic pattern and antimicrobial resistance profiles in surrounding communities, which can in turn support public health efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5458315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11925629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities of Rhizospheric Soil Bacteria of <i>Lophocereus marginatus</i>.","authors":"Jesica María Ramírez-Villalobos, César Iván Romo-Sáenz, Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea, Patricia Tamez-Guerra, Orquídea Pérez-González, José Roberto Estupiñan-Jiménez, Ángel David Torres-Hernández, Nancy Edith Rodríguez-Garza, Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla, Ricardo Gomez-Flores","doi":"10.1155/ijm/1349429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/1349429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identification of new sources of compounds with anticancer and antioxidant potential is essential for cancer treatment. Rhizospheric bacteria have emerged as a promising source of these agents. This study is aimed at investigating the anticancer and antioxidant properties of bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of <i>Lophocereus marginatus</i>. Six rhizobacteria of <i>L. marginatus</i> were isolated and molecularly identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene and MALDI-TOF. We evaluated the inhibitory activity of methanol (MeOH) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts obtained from rhizobacteria against the murine lymphoma cell line L5178Y-R, as well as normal Vero monkey kidney cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Compared with those of normal cells, the MeOH extract of <i>Paenibacillus</i> sp. PMS-B023 showed selective anticancer activity against lymphoma, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 117.5 <i>μ</i>g/mL and a selectivity index (SI) > 2.1, as compared with those of normal cells. L-Pro-L-Val cycle, gageostatin B, cinnamic acid, parvifloracin, daidzein, genistein, actinomycin D, actinomycin Y4, and surfactin C were detected in the MeOH extract, which may be responsible for its antilymphoma activity. We did not find significant antioxidant activity in any of the extracts evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl technique (IC₅₀ > 250 <i> μ</i>g/mL). The results showed that <i>Paenibacillus</i> sp. PMS-B023 has antitumor potential and selective activity against L5178Y-R lymphoma cells. The presence of anticancer compounds was also demonstrated, as previously described in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1349429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Plant Growth-Promoting Activities Exhibited by Root-Associated Bacteria Isolated From Bamboo and Corn.","authors":"Camille Andrea R Flores, Maria Auxilia T Siringan, Mary Ann Cielo V Relucio-San Diego","doi":"10.1155/ijm/6374935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/6374935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant growth-promoting bacteria found in the plant roots and rhizosphere stimulate growth and reduce plant diseases through various direct and indirect mechanisms. They are proven as efficient biofertilizers that enable farmers to reduce or eliminate the use of expensive and environmentally harmful chemical fertilizers. The goal of this study was to isolate, characterize, and identify nitrogen-fixing bacteria with additional plant growth-promoting traits from the roots of bamboo (<i>Bambusa</i> sp.) and corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) grown in Cagayan Province, Philippines. A total of 27 bacteria were isolated and identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Selected isolates were also subjected to whole-genome sequencing to obtain accurate identification. The isolates were classified into 12 genera, the majority of which belonged to <i>Leclercia</i>, <i>Pantoea</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i>, and <i>Exiguobacterium</i>. Assays for four plant growth-promoting activities revealed that all isolates exhibited at least two activities in vitro. Four isolates (15%) tested positive for the nitrogen-fixation gene <i>nifH</i>, which was mostly detected in <i>Klebsiella</i> isolates. Eleven (41%) solubilized phosphate and <i>Pantoea</i> isolates showed the highest potential. All strains (100%) synthesized indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and 24 (89%) produced siderophores. Notably, <i>Enterobacter roggenkampii</i> strain B1-01 and <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i> strain B1-04 displayed all the examined plant growth-promoting traits. Our findings demonstrated that the roots of bamboo and corn host a variety of beneficial bacteria exhibiting significant plant growth-promoting activities under in vitro conditions. These strains could be used for future investigations into microbe-plant interactions and have the potential to be harnessed for various agricultural applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6374935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of <i>mcr-2</i> and <i>mcr-3</i> Genes in Colistin-Resistant <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 Isolated From Raw Meat Samples in Beirut, Lebanon.","authors":"Fatima H Fneish, Souraya A Domiati, Khaled H Abd El Galil","doi":"10.1155/ijm/8079270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/8079270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colistin is a last-resort antibiotic used to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. The global emergence of colistin resistance has been attributed to plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance (<i>mcr</i>) genes. In Lebanon, bacteria carrying the <i>mcr-1</i> gene have increasingly been identified in food animal sources. This study is aimed at detecting colistin-resistant Shiga toxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 in raw meat samples from local markets in the suburbs of Beirut and evaluating their antimicrobial resistance profiles. A total of 50 meat samples, including 25 minced beef and 25 burger samples, were collected and analyzed. Antimicrobial resistance patterns were determined using the Kirby-Bauer method, while colistin resistance and the presence of <i>mcr-2</i> and <i>mcr-3</i> genes were assessed using broth microdilution and PCR amplification techniques. Among these samples, 23 (46%) tested positive for <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7. Resistance to ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was observed in 96% of the samples, while 61% were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and 43% to chloramphenicol. Notably, 87% of the samples displayed colistin resistance, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≥ 4 <i>μ</i>g/mL. The <i>mcr-2</i> gene was present in four isolates (17.4%), and the <i>mcr-3</i> gene was identified in 10 isolates (43.4%). This study is the first to document the presence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes, <i>mcr-2</i> and <i>mcr-3</i>, in <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 strains in Lebanon. These findings highlight a serious public health concern for the Lebanese community. Therefore, the responsible use of antibiotics across all healthcare sectors, combined with strict hygiene measures in food handling, is essential to control the spread of colistin-resistant genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8079270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Nanotechnology: Naturally Sourced Nanoparticles as Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Agents Against Infectious Diseases.","authors":"Habiba Lawal, Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed, Mohammed Sani Gaddafi, Nor Fadhilah Kamaruzzaman","doi":"10.1155/ijm/8746754","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/8746754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The escalating threat of infectious diseases, exacerbated by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and biofilm formation, necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies. This review presents a comprehensive exploration of the potential of nanoparticles synthesized from natural sources, including plant extracts, microbial products, and marine compounds, as antimicrobial agents. These naturally derived nanoparticles demonstrated significant antibiofilm and antivirulence effects, with specific examples revealing their capacity to reduce biofilm mass by up to 78% and inhibit bacterial quorum sensing by 65%. The integration of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and chitosan, facilitates nanoparticle stability and enhances antimicrobial efficacy, while green synthesis protocols reduce environmental risks. Notably, the review identifies the potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized using green tea extracts, achieving 85% inhibition of polymicrobial growth in vitro. Despite these promising results, challenges such as standardization of synthesis protocols and scalability persist. This study underscores the transformative potential of leveraging naturally sourced nanoparticles as sustainable alternatives to conventional antimicrobials, offering quantitative insights for their future application in combating mono- and polymicrobial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8746754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Phenotype of <i>E. coli</i> Isolated From Poultry.","authors":"Matilda Ayim-Akonor, Rita Ohene Larbi, Doreen Dela Owusu-Ntumy, Benjamin Kissi Sasu, Hilda Emefa Ohene Asa, Theophilus Odoom","doi":"10.1155/ijm/9468425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/9468425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is increasing globally, with the food-animal sector (FAS) playing a key role. Knowledge of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of microbes from the FAS is important in the development of country-specific methods to minimize the AMR burden. In Ghana, there is limited data on the susceptibility of FAS bacteria to frequently used antimicrobials. We evaluated the susceptibility of 58 <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates obtained from chickens to nine antibiotics and further assessed their potential to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and combined disc methods were used following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Nearly all isolates showed high resistance (> 50%) to all the antibiotics except gentamicin, to which more than two-thirds (<i>n</i> = 48, 83%) were susceptible. Resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline, and ampicillin was observed to be 93%, 97%, and 100%, respectively. All isolates were multidrug resistant. Over one-third of the isolates (<i>n</i> = 22, 37.9%) were resistant to seven classes of antibiotics, and a substantial proportion (<i>n</i> = 12, 20.7%) exhibited resistance to all eight antimicrobial classes. None of the isolates was detected as an ESBL producer. Most farms (86%) did not have a footbath, and the majority (71%) changed the bedding material after 4 weeks. Free-range chickens were kept on 80% of the farms. The high resistance to frequently used antibiotics suggests long-term use of these antimicrobials, which may be attributed to poor biosecurity practices that may be exposing the birds to frequent infections. There is a need to educate farmers on the prudent use of antibiotics and adherence to good biosecurity practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9468425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Combined Irradiation Mutagenesis Technique for Hyperproduction of Surfactin in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> Strain AF_3B.","authors":"Syeda Amna Farooq, Shazia Khaliq, Saeed Ahmad, Neelma Ashraf, Muhammad Afzal Ghauri, Munir Ahmad Anwar, Kalsoom Akhtar","doi":"10.1155/ijm/5570585","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/5570585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The major challenge in large-scale industrial use of lipopeptide surfactin is the low yield by indigenous bacterial strains and the higher cost of its production that have been proved as a limiting factor in commercial applications. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for high-yielding strains that can be achieved through strain improvement. A first report on the use of a combination of UV and gamma-irradiation mutagenesis for the development of surfactin hyperproducing mutants of <i>Bacillus</i> spp. proved to be significant and resulted in a twofold enhancement in surfactin yield. The mutant was able to grow and produce surfactin on all the tested carbon and nitrogen sources, while 2% glycerol favored maximum surfactin yield (1.62 g/L) as compared to the wild-type strain that showed a maximum 0.85 g/L surfactin yield at 3% sucrose. Additionally, the mutant exhibited a good yield of pure surfactin, that is, 1.55 g/L as compared to the wild strain (0.411 g/L) by using corn steep liquor as the main component of the fermentation medium. The study concluded overall a threefold enhancement in the relative abundance of purified surfactin and its isoforms detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis in mutant strain AF-UV<i>γ</i>2500.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5570585"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11867730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Resuscitation-Promoting Factor C Stimulates the Growth of <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG and Delays DevR Regulon Activation in Hypoxia.","authors":"Luz Virginia Reyes-González, Olga N Hernández de la Cruz, Mauricio Castañón-Arreola","doi":"10.1155/ijm/2139933","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/2139933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Latent tuberculosis is characterized by the presence of dormant, nonreplicating (DNR) bacilli for years without causing clinical signs and symptoms, remaining as a major reservoir for active tuberculosis. The mechanism through which <i>M. tuberculosis</i> transits from DNR to active bacilli remains unclear. However, resuscitation-promoting factors (Rpfs) could participate in the reactivation. Using recombinant <i>M. bovis</i> BCG that expresses <i>rpfC</i> (<i>M. bovis</i> BCG-pMV261::<i>rpfC</i>), we evaluated the role of RpfC in the growth of bacilli and the expression of 11 hypoxia-regulated genes in comparison with <i>M. bovis</i> BCG-pMV261. The strains were grown in normoxic (21% O₂), hypoxic (5% O₂), and anoxic (< 0.1% O₂) conditions. In normoxic culture, <i>M. bovis</i> BCG-pMV261::<i>rpfC</i> displays a lower expression of <i>sigB</i> and <i>fdxA.</i> In anoxic culture, we did not observe drastic changes in the gene expression, except for those involved in electron transport during anaerobic respiration (<i>pdxA</i>, <i>pfkB,</i> and <i>nark2</i>), whose expression was significantly lower in <i>M. bovis</i> BCG-pMV261. When the strains were cultured in hypoxia, significantly higher culturability was observed in <i>M. bovis</i> BCG-pMV261::<i>rpfC</i> compared to <i>M. bovis</i> BCG-pMV261. This response was accompanied by a higher <i>sigB</i> and <i>sigE</i> expression. In both strains, we observed a higher <i>dosT, devR, fdxA,</i> and <i>fpkB</i> expression in response to hypoxia. Interestingly, except for <i>fdxA,</i> the expression of these genes was lower in <i>M. bovis</i> BCG-pMV261::<i>rpfC</i>. The protein profiles of <i>M. bovis</i> BCG-pMV261::<i>rpfC</i> reflected the maintenance of an active replicative state (similar to that of the strain grown in normoxic conditions). In anoxic cultures, no significant changes were observed in the expression of hypoxia-response genes. These findings suggest that <i>rpfC</i> may have a significant physiological role in inducing the growth of <i>M. bovis</i> BCG-pMV261::<i>rpfC,</i> which results in the delayed activation of genes related to the transition to anaerobic metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2139933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11850072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Link Between Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Isolates of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>.","authors":"Kasra Javadi, Poorya Ghaemian, Mana Baziboron, Abazar Pournajaf","doi":"10.1155/ijm/1009049","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/1009049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> has become a significant problem in hospitals worldwide during the last decades. Biofilm formation is a virulence factor that may affect antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to elucidate the correlation between biofilm formation and biofilm-related and oxacillinase genes in <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i> clinical isolates. <b>Methods:</b> This study was conducted on 53 <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i> isolates collected from hospitals affiliated with Babol University of Medical Sciences (Babol, Iran) from April to October 2023. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion was used to determine antibacterial resistance. Biofilm formation was examined using crystal violet staining. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect oxacillinase (<i>bla</i> _OXA-23, <i>bla</i> _OXA-24, <i>bla</i> _OXA-51, and <i>bla</i> _OXA-58) and biofilm-encoding (<i>bap</i> and <i>bla</i> _PER-1) genes using specific primers. <b>Results:</b> The strains showed the highest resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin (98.11%) and the lowest resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam (66.03%). All isolates formed biofilms. Also, 67.92%, 18.86%, and 11.32% were strong, moderate, and weak biofilm producers, respectively. The frequencies of <i>bla</i> _OXA-23, <i>bla</i> _OXA-24, <i>bla</i> _OXA-51, <i>bap</i>, and <i>bla</i> _PER-1 genes were 92.45%, 71.69%, 100%, 73.58%, and 58.49%, respectively. None of the isolates harbored <i>bla</i> _OXA-58. <b>Conclusions:</b> A high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains was found among <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i> clinical isolates. There was no significant correlation between the clinical sample type and biofilm formation, but a notable link was found between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation, except for ciprofloxacin. Oxacillinase genes were not significantly correlated with biofilm formation, but biofilm production was associated with <i>bap</i> rather than <i>bla</i> _PER-1. Understanding the <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i> biofilm formation process is crucial for effective control of associated infections by targeting this mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1009049"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11839262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance Among Patients Attending Adama Hospital Medical College.","authors":"Hawi Kumbi, Alegntaw Abate, Abdela Kedir, Tesfaye Chala, Milkesa Gemechu, Alemayehu Garedew, Musa Ali","doi":"10.1155/ijm/1475396","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/1475396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Tuberculosis (TB) is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in resource-limited countries. The burden of TB varies from country to country, depending on the country's condition and the effort made to prevent its transmission. The magnitude of pulmonary TB and drug resistance in eastern Ethiopia is mainly unknown due to limited information. <b>Objective:</b> This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pulmonary TB and rifampicin-resistant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and factors associated with pulmonary TB. <b>Methods:</b> A hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 424 presumptive TB patients who attended Adama Hospital Medical College from January 10, 2023, to November 10, 2023. Sputum (gastric lavage for children) was collected and diagnosed using the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining method and GeneXpert. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data. SPSS Version 20 computer software was used for data analysis. A variable with a <i>p</i> value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. <b>Results:</b> The prevalence of the ZN staining method and GeneXpert-confirmed TB was 160 (37.7%), 95% CI: 33-42.7 and 189 (44.6%), 95% CI: 39.8-49.5, respectively. Of the study participants, nine (2.1%) were infected with rifampicin-resistant <i>M. tuberculosis</i>. Out of the 189 confirmed TB cases, 4.7% were infected with rifampicin-resistant gene-positive <i>M. tuberculosis</i>. Gender-male (AOR = 1.47 [0.95-2.26], <i>p</i>=0.081), history of contact with TB patient (AOR = 7.19 [2.55-20.25], <i>p</i> < 0.001), previously treated TB patients (AOR = 3.11 [1.49-6.50], <i>p</i>=0.003), and smoking cigarette (AOR = 14.8 [1.88-117], <i>p</i>=0.010) were significantly associated with GeneXpert-confirmed pulmonary TB. <b>Conclusion:</b> The prevalence of pulmonary TB was high, with a moderate proportion of rifampicin-resistant gene-carrying <i>M. tuberculosis</i> in the study area. Being male, having a history of contact with TB patients, having a history of infection with TB, and smoking cigarettes were significant predictors of pulmonary TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1475396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11839255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}