International Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis of a Novel Sepiolite-Ag-Propolis Nanocomposite and Its Effect on the Growth of <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>.","authors":"Elham Rezvannejad, Maryam Fayazi, Batool Sadeghi, Azadeh Boustan, Safa Lotfi","doi":"10.1155/ijm/7371265","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/7371265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since aflatoxin produced by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> carries significant impacts on the livestock and poultry industries in terms of animal health and food safety. It is very important to find nonchemical antifungal agents. For this purpose, in this study, bee propolis and its nanocomposites with sepiolite and Ag nanoparticles were investigated for antifungal activity with respect to their use as safer alternatives for conventional antifungal treatments. In the present study, two newly synthesized sepiolite-propolis and sepiolite-Ag-propolis nanocomposite formulations were characterized with different analytical techniques such as XRD, TEM, FTIR, and EDAX. The antifungal potential was determined against <i>A. flavus</i> by the disc diffusion method, and MIC-MFC values were determined. The pure propolis extract had only limited antifungal activity at concentrations up to 400 mg/mL. However, prominent antifungal activities were observed for nanocomposites with propolis, sepiolite, and Ag nanoparticles, as inhibition was observed even at a low concentration of 200 mg/mL. The sepiolite-Ag-propolis nanocomposite outperformed others by increasing the diameter of inhibition zones proportionally with the increase in concentration. The finding results indicate that propolis-based nanocomposites, especially when combined with Ag nanoparticles, hold a promise for antifungal action against <i>A. flavus</i>. Further work is necessary to test their practical value in agricultural and food safety contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7371265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11957862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis in Raw Chicken Meat of Dhaka City, Bangladesh.","authors":"Shah Jungy Ibna Karim, K B M Saiful Islam, M Rubaiyat Adnan, Md Abir Hassan Sadi, Mahfuzul Islam","doi":"10.1155/ijm/5654730","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/5654730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foodborne zoonotic <i>Salmonella</i> is transmitted through contaminated meat, milk, and eggs. This study is aimed at investigating the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis isolated from raw chicken meat in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Two hundred raw chicken meat samples were aseptically collected from 20 retail markets located in Dhaka City, and the isolated <i>Salmonella</i> species were identified based on their morphological, cultural, biochemical, and molecular characterization by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The primer sets of the <i>Inv</i>A and Enteritidis-specific STM3098 gene were used for the PCR detection of <i>Salmonella</i> species and <i>S.</i> Enteritidis, respectively. The isolates were then screened for AMR phenotypically and the presence of the tetracycline resistance (<i>Tet</i>A) gene. The prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> species and <i>S.</i> Enteritidis was 22.5% (<i>n</i> = 45/200) and 18.5% (<i>n</i> = 37/200), respectively. However, the prevalence was constant across all the sample markets (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Tetracycline, amoxicillin, and ampicillin resistance was phenotypically present in all isolates (100%). Furthermore, approximately 70%, 49%, and 30% of <i>S.</i> Enteritidis showed resistance against erythromycin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. However, <i>S.</i> Enteritidis were sensitive to gentamicin (86.5%), meropenem (64.9%), ciprofloxacin (62.2%), and ceftriaxone (59.5%). The <i>Tet</i>A gene, which causes AMR against tetracycline, was shown to be present in all phenotypically resistant <i>Salmonella</i> species. Multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) ranged between 0.3 and 0.8. Overall, multidrug resistant (MDR) <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis emerged in the chicken meat along with the presence of a resistance gene that is a threat to human health. Therefore, action must be taken to stop the spread of AMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5654730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yi Mai Granule Improves High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolites.","authors":"Linlin Pang, Yongming Liu, Changbin Yuan, Yetao Ju, Junpeng Wu, Meijia Cheng, Sian Jin, Ying Fan, Huiyong Zhang, Yu Wang, Dongyu Min","doi":"10.1155/ijm/2273986","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/2273986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yi Mai granule (YMG) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbal decoction consisting of two TCM formulas: Gua-Lou-Ban-Xia decoction and Si-Jun-Zi decoction. YMG has shown clinical benefit in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which may be due to its regulatory effects on lipid metabolism. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in the use of TCM. However, the effect of YMG on the gut microbiota in the treatment of NAFLD remains unclear. In this study, we established an NAFLD model in <i>ApoE^-/-</i> mice and treated them with YMG. High-performance liquid chromatography was adopted to identify the chemical components of YMG. By mapping the candidate targets using network pharmacology, we found that the targets of the main components of YMG were significantly enriched in NAFLD-related pathways. Moreover, <i>16S rRNA</i> gene sequencing revealed that YMG affected the constitution and metabolism of the gut microbiota in NAFLD model mice, including lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Similarly, metabolites related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in mouse serum were significantly altered by YMG. The correlation heat map and network analyses showed that the gut microbiota and metabolites affected by YMG were closely related to the blood lipid content. Collectively, YMG may exert therapeutic effects by affecting the metabolism of gut microbiota, thus regulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. These findings offer novel insight into the pharmacological mechanism of YMG in the treatment of NAFLD and provide theoretical bases for its clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2273986"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Genetic Landscape of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated From Hospital Wastewaters: Emergence of Hypervirulent CC8 Strains in Tehran, Iran.","authors":"Fatemeh Sadat Tabatabaie Poya, Mirmohammad Miri, Zahra Salehi, Mohammad Javad Nasiri, Masoud Dadashi, Mehdi Goudarzi","doi":"10.1155/ijm/5458315","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/5458315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective(s):</b> Multidrug-resistant bacteria and priority pathogens, including MRSA, are frequently found in hospital wastewaters. It is crucial to investigate the genetic diversity, biofilm formation, and virulence analysis of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolated from hospital wastewaters. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> In this cross-sectional study, 70 <i>S. aureus</i> isolated from hospital wastewaters were subjected to characterization through antimicrobial susceptibility tests, biofilm formation, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and PCR analysis for detecting resistance (<i>mecA</i>, <i>mecC</i>, <i>vanA</i>, <i>vanB</i>, <i>mupB</i>, <i>mupA</i>, <i>msr(A)</i>, <i>msr(B)</i>, <i>erm</i>(A), <i>erm</i>(B), <i>erm</i>(C), <i>tet</i>(M), <i>ant</i> (4⁣')<i>-Ia</i>, <i>aac</i> (6⁣')<i>-Ie/aph</i> (2⁣^″), and <i>aph</i> (3⁣')<i>-IIIa</i>) and virulence genes (<i>eta</i>, <i>etb</i>, <i>pvl</i>, and <i>tst</i>). <b>Results:</b> Our results showed that 55.7%, 31.4%, and 12.9% of isolates were classified as strong, intermediate, and weak biofilm-forming strains, respectively. Our result revealed that about three-quarters of isolates harbored <i>mecA</i> (100%), <i>ant</i> (4⁣')<i>-Ia</i> (100%), <i>tet</i>(M) (92.9%), <i>erm</i>(B) (80%), and <i>msr</i>(A) (74.3%) resistance genes. MLST revealed that the 70 isolates belonged to five clonal complexes, including CC8 (52.9%), followed by CC30 (15.7%), CC5 (14.3%), CC1 (11.4%), and CC22 (5.7%). The vast majority of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates belonged to CC8/ST239-MRSA (21.5%). Among the 39 strong biofilm producers, the majority (25.6%) belonged to CC8/ST239-MRSA clone. Our result revealed that about one-third of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive strains belonged to CC30/ST30. The high-level mupirocin-resistant (HLMUPR) isolates belonged to CC8/ST239-MRSA (36%), CC30/ST30-MRSA (16%), CC8/ST8-MRSA (12%), CC5/ST5-MRSA (12%), CC8/ST585-MRSA (8%), CC5/ST225-MRSA (8%), CC5/ST1637-MRSA (4%), and CC8/ST1465-MRSA (4%) lineages carrying <i>mupA</i>. The VRSA strain belonged to the CC8/ST239-MRSA, CC8/ST8-MRSA, and CC22/ST22-MRSA clonal lineages, carrying the <i>vanA</i> determinant. <b>Conclusion:</b> These findings highlight significant genotypic diversity and high biofilm formation among our isolates. From this study, we identified highly virulent strains of <i>S. aureus</i> associated with biofilm production and drug resistance; some of these strains were highly similar, highlighting the possibility of rapid spread. The high prevalence of CC8 and CC30 clones among <i>S. aureus</i> strains reflects the emergence of these lineages as successful clones in hospital wastewaters in Iran, which is a serious concern. The study highlights the importance of wastewater surveillance to understand genetic pattern and antimicrobial resistance profiles in surrounding communities, which can in turn support public health efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5458315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11925629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities of Rhizospheric Soil Bacteria of <i>Lophocereus marginatus</i>.","authors":"Jesica María Ramírez-Villalobos, César Iván Romo-Sáenz, Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea, Patricia Tamez-Guerra, Orquídea Pérez-González, José Roberto Estupiñan-Jiménez, Ángel David Torres-Hernández, Nancy Edith Rodríguez-Garza, Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla, Ricardo Gomez-Flores","doi":"10.1155/ijm/1349429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/1349429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identification of new sources of compounds with anticancer and antioxidant potential is essential for cancer treatment. Rhizospheric bacteria have emerged as a promising source of these agents. This study is aimed at investigating the anticancer and antioxidant properties of bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of <i>Lophocereus marginatus</i>. Six rhizobacteria of <i>L. marginatus</i> were isolated and molecularly identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene and MALDI-TOF. We evaluated the inhibitory activity of methanol (MeOH) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts obtained from rhizobacteria against the murine lymphoma cell line L5178Y-R, as well as normal Vero monkey kidney cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Compared with those of normal cells, the MeOH extract of <i>Paenibacillus</i> sp. PMS-B023 showed selective anticancer activity against lymphoma, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 117.5 <i>μ</i>g/mL and a selectivity index (SI) > 2.1, as compared with those of normal cells. L-Pro-L-Val cycle, gageostatin B, cinnamic acid, parvifloracin, daidzein, genistein, actinomycin D, actinomycin Y4, and surfactin C were detected in the MeOH extract, which may be responsible for its antilymphoma activity. We did not find significant antioxidant activity in any of the extracts evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl technique (IC₅₀ > 250 <i> μ</i>g/mL). The results showed that <i>Paenibacillus</i> sp. PMS-B023 has antitumor potential and selective activity against L5178Y-R lymphoma cells. The presence of anticancer compounds was also demonstrated, as previously described in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1349429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Plant Growth-Promoting Activities Exhibited by Root-Associated Bacteria Isolated From Bamboo and Corn.","authors":"Camille Andrea R Flores, Maria Auxilia T Siringan, Mary Ann Cielo V Relucio-San Diego","doi":"10.1155/ijm/6374935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/6374935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant growth-promoting bacteria found in the plant roots and rhizosphere stimulate growth and reduce plant diseases through various direct and indirect mechanisms. They are proven as efficient biofertilizers that enable farmers to reduce or eliminate the use of expensive and environmentally harmful chemical fertilizers. The goal of this study was to isolate, characterize, and identify nitrogen-fixing bacteria with additional plant growth-promoting traits from the roots of bamboo (<i>Bambusa</i> sp.) and corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) grown in Cagayan Province, Philippines. A total of 27 bacteria were isolated and identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Selected isolates were also subjected to whole-genome sequencing to obtain accurate identification. The isolates were classified into 12 genera, the majority of which belonged to <i>Leclercia</i>, <i>Pantoea</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i>, and <i>Exiguobacterium</i>. Assays for four plant growth-promoting activities revealed that all isolates exhibited at least two activities in vitro. Four isolates (15%) tested positive for the nitrogen-fixation gene <i>nifH</i>, which was mostly detected in <i>Klebsiella</i> isolates. Eleven (41%) solubilized phosphate and <i>Pantoea</i> isolates showed the highest potential. All strains (100%) synthesized indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and 24 (89%) produced siderophores. Notably, <i>Enterobacter roggenkampii</i> strain B1-01 and <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i> strain B1-04 displayed all the examined plant growth-promoting traits. Our findings demonstrated that the roots of bamboo and corn host a variety of beneficial bacteria exhibiting significant plant growth-promoting activities under in vitro conditions. These strains could be used for future investigations into microbe-plant interactions and have the potential to be harnessed for various agricultural applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6374935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of <i>mcr-2</i> and <i>mcr-3</i> Genes in Colistin-Resistant <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 Isolated From Raw Meat Samples in Beirut, Lebanon.","authors":"Fatima H Fneish, Souraya A Domiati, Khaled H Abd El Galil","doi":"10.1155/ijm/8079270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/8079270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colistin is a last-resort antibiotic used to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. The global emergence of colistin resistance has been attributed to plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance (<i>mcr</i>) genes. In Lebanon, bacteria carrying the <i>mcr-1</i> gene have increasingly been identified in food animal sources. This study is aimed at detecting colistin-resistant Shiga toxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 in raw meat samples from local markets in the suburbs of Beirut and evaluating their antimicrobial resistance profiles. A total of 50 meat samples, including 25 minced beef and 25 burger samples, were collected and analyzed. Antimicrobial resistance patterns were determined using the Kirby-Bauer method, while colistin resistance and the presence of <i>mcr-2</i> and <i>mcr-3</i> genes were assessed using broth microdilution and PCR amplification techniques. Among these samples, 23 (46%) tested positive for <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7. Resistance to ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was observed in 96% of the samples, while 61% were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and 43% to chloramphenicol. Notably, 87% of the samples displayed colistin resistance, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≥ 4 <i>μ</i>g/mL. The <i>mcr-2</i> gene was present in four isolates (17.4%), and the <i>mcr-3</i> gene was identified in 10 isolates (43.4%). This study is the first to document the presence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes, <i>mcr-2</i> and <i>mcr-3</i>, in <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 strains in Lebanon. These findings highlight a serious public health concern for the Lebanese community. Therefore, the responsible use of antibiotics across all healthcare sectors, combined with strict hygiene measures in food handling, is essential to control the spread of colistin-resistant genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8079270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Nanotechnology: Naturally Sourced Nanoparticles as Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Agents Against Infectious Diseases.","authors":"Habiba Lawal, Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed, Mohammed Sani Gaddafi, Nor Fadhilah Kamaruzzaman","doi":"10.1155/ijm/8746754","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/8746754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The escalating threat of infectious diseases, exacerbated by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and biofilm formation, necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies. This review presents a comprehensive exploration of the potential of nanoparticles synthesized from natural sources, including plant extracts, microbial products, and marine compounds, as antimicrobial agents. These naturally derived nanoparticles demonstrated significant antibiofilm and antivirulence effects, with specific examples revealing their capacity to reduce biofilm mass by up to 78% and inhibit bacterial quorum sensing by 65%. The integration of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and chitosan, facilitates nanoparticle stability and enhances antimicrobial efficacy, while green synthesis protocols reduce environmental risks. Notably, the review identifies the potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized using green tea extracts, achieving 85% inhibition of polymicrobial growth in vitro. Despite these promising results, challenges such as standardization of synthesis protocols and scalability persist. This study underscores the transformative potential of leveraging naturally sourced nanoparticles as sustainable alternatives to conventional antimicrobials, offering quantitative insights for their future application in combating mono- and polymicrobial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8746754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Phenotype of <i>E. coli</i> Isolated From Poultry.","authors":"Matilda Ayim-Akonor, Rita Ohene Larbi, Doreen Dela Owusu-Ntumy, Benjamin Kissi Sasu, Hilda Emefa Ohene Asa, Theophilus Odoom","doi":"10.1155/ijm/9468425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/9468425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is increasing globally, with the food-animal sector (FAS) playing a key role. Knowledge of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of microbes from the FAS is important in the development of country-specific methods to minimize the AMR burden. In Ghana, there is limited data on the susceptibility of FAS bacteria to frequently used antimicrobials. We evaluated the susceptibility of 58 <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates obtained from chickens to nine antibiotics and further assessed their potential to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and combined disc methods were used following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Nearly all isolates showed high resistance (> 50%) to all the antibiotics except gentamicin, to which more than two-thirds (<i>n</i> = 48, 83%) were susceptible. Resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline, and ampicillin was observed to be 93%, 97%, and 100%, respectively. All isolates were multidrug resistant. Over one-third of the isolates (<i>n</i> = 22, 37.9%) were resistant to seven classes of antibiotics, and a substantial proportion (<i>n</i> = 12, 20.7%) exhibited resistance to all eight antimicrobial classes. None of the isolates was detected as an ESBL producer. Most farms (86%) did not have a footbath, and the majority (71%) changed the bedding material after 4 weeks. Free-range chickens were kept on 80% of the farms. The high resistance to frequently used antibiotics suggests long-term use of these antimicrobials, which may be attributed to poor biosecurity practices that may be exposing the birds to frequent infections. There is a need to educate farmers on the prudent use of antibiotics and adherence to good biosecurity practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9468425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Combined Irradiation Mutagenesis Technique for Hyperproduction of Surfactin in <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> Strain AF_3B.","authors":"Syeda Amna Farooq, Shazia Khaliq, Saeed Ahmad, Neelma Ashraf, Muhammad Afzal Ghauri, Munir Ahmad Anwar, Kalsoom Akhtar","doi":"10.1155/ijm/5570585","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/5570585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The major challenge in large-scale industrial use of lipopeptide surfactin is the low yield by indigenous bacterial strains and the higher cost of its production that have been proved as a limiting factor in commercial applications. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for high-yielding strains that can be achieved through strain improvement. A first report on the use of a combination of UV and gamma-irradiation mutagenesis for the development of surfactin hyperproducing mutants of <i>Bacillus</i> spp. proved to be significant and resulted in a twofold enhancement in surfactin yield. The mutant was able to grow and produce surfactin on all the tested carbon and nitrogen sources, while 2% glycerol favored maximum surfactin yield (1.62 g/L) as compared to the wild-type strain that showed a maximum 0.85 g/L surfactin yield at 3% sucrose. Additionally, the mutant exhibited a good yield of pure surfactin, that is, 1.55 g/L as compared to the wild strain (0.411 g/L) by using corn steep liquor as the main component of the fermentation medium. The study concluded overall a threefold enhancement in the relative abundance of purified surfactin and its isoforms detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis in mutant strain AF-UV<i>γ</i>2500.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5570585"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11867730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}