International Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the Link Between Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Isolates of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>.","authors":"Kasra Javadi, Poorya Ghaemian, Mana Baziboron, Abazar Pournajaf","doi":"10.1155/ijm/1009049","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/1009049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> has become a significant problem in hospitals worldwide during the last decades. Biofilm formation is a virulence factor that may affect antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to elucidate the correlation between biofilm formation and biofilm-related and oxacillinase genes in <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i> clinical isolates. <b>Methods:</b> This study was conducted on 53 <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i> isolates collected from hospitals affiliated with Babol University of Medical Sciences (Babol, Iran) from April to October 2023. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion was used to determine antibacterial resistance. Biofilm formation was examined using crystal violet staining. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect oxacillinase (<i>bla</i> _OXA-23, <i>bla</i> _OXA-24, <i>bla</i> _OXA-51, and <i>bla</i> _OXA-58) and biofilm-encoding (<i>bap</i> and <i>bla</i> _PER-1) genes using specific primers. <b>Results:</b> The strains showed the highest resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin (98.11%) and the lowest resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam (66.03%). All isolates formed biofilms. Also, 67.92%, 18.86%, and 11.32% were strong, moderate, and weak biofilm producers, respectively. The frequencies of <i>bla</i> _OXA-23, <i>bla</i> _OXA-24, <i>bla</i> _OXA-51, <i>bap</i>, and <i>bla</i> _PER-1 genes were 92.45%, 71.69%, 100%, 73.58%, and 58.49%, respectively. None of the isolates harbored <i>bla</i> _OXA-58. <b>Conclusions:</b> A high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains was found among <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i> clinical isolates. There was no significant correlation between the clinical sample type and biofilm formation, but a notable link was found between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation, except for ciprofloxacin. Oxacillinase genes were not significantly correlated with biofilm formation, but biofilm production was associated with <i>bap</i> rather than <i>bla</i> _PER-1. Understanding the <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i> biofilm formation process is crucial for effective control of associated infections by targeting this mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1009049"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11839262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance Among Patients Attending Adama Hospital Medical College.","authors":"Hawi Kumbi, Alegntaw Abate, Abdela Kedir, Tesfaye Chala, Milkesa Gemechu, Alemayehu Garedew, Musa Ali","doi":"10.1155/ijm/1475396","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/1475396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Tuberculosis (TB) is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in resource-limited countries. The burden of TB varies from country to country, depending on the country's condition and the effort made to prevent its transmission. The magnitude of pulmonary TB and drug resistance in eastern Ethiopia is mainly unknown due to limited information. <b>Objective:</b> This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pulmonary TB and rifampicin-resistant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and factors associated with pulmonary TB. <b>Methods:</b> A hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 424 presumptive TB patients who attended Adama Hospital Medical College from January 10, 2023, to November 10, 2023. Sputum (gastric lavage for children) was collected and diagnosed using the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining method and GeneXpert. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data. SPSS Version 20 computer software was used for data analysis. A variable with a <i>p</i> value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. <b>Results:</b> The prevalence of the ZN staining method and GeneXpert-confirmed TB was 160 (37.7%), 95% CI: 33-42.7 and 189 (44.6%), 95% CI: 39.8-49.5, respectively. Of the study participants, nine (2.1%) were infected with rifampicin-resistant <i>M. tuberculosis</i>. Out of the 189 confirmed TB cases, 4.7% were infected with rifampicin-resistant gene-positive <i>M. tuberculosis</i>. Gender-male (AOR = 1.47 [0.95-2.26], <i>p</i>=0.081), history of contact with TB patient (AOR = 7.19 [2.55-20.25], <i>p</i> < 0.001), previously treated TB patients (AOR = 3.11 [1.49-6.50], <i>p</i>=0.003), and smoking cigarette (AOR = 14.8 [1.88-117], <i>p</i>=0.010) were significantly associated with GeneXpert-confirmed pulmonary TB. <b>Conclusion:</b> The prevalence of pulmonary TB was high, with a moderate proportion of rifampicin-resistant gene-carrying <i>M. tuberculosis</i> in the study area. Being male, having a history of contact with TB patients, having a history of infection with TB, and smoking cigarettes were significant predictors of pulmonary TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1475396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11839255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Resistome, Virulome, and Pathogenicity of <i>Escherichia Coli</i> O157:H7 From Cattle Feces.","authors":"Bukola Opeyemi Oluwarinde, Daniel Jesuwenu Ajose, Tesleem Olatunde Abolarinwa, Peter Kotsoana Montso, Henry Akum Njom, Collins Njie Ateba","doi":"10.1155/ijm/5087461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/5087461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i>, especially those belonging to the serotype O157, are increasingly linked to foodborne diseases with significant fatality rates worldwide. The food and medical industries have focused on <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 due to its ability to produce toxins coupled with its low infectious dose. The aim of this study was to assess the virulome, resistome, and pathogenicity of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 using whole genome sequencing. Three previously isolated <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 strains from cattle feces were subjected to whole genome sequencing. The genome sizes of all three <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 strains were 5,117,276 bp, 5,039,443 bp, and 5,034,351 bp. The C + G contents were 50.22%, 50.53%, and 50.54%, while the number of contigs was 110, 43, and 42, respectively, for <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 strains J32, J57, and J69. Several virulence determinants (hemorrhagic <i>E. coli</i> pilus (HCP), eaeA, hemolysin, etc.) were found in the genomes of these isolates. In addition, antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, penams, carbapenems, cephalosporins, cephamycin, rifamycin, phenicols, monobactams, and nitroimidazole were found in the genomes. Interestingly, the genomes of these isolates also harbored determinants encoding resistance to disinfectants and antiseptics, indicating their concern in the food production and medical sectors. This highlights the public health concerns of these isolates, indicating the need for constant surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5087461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11870765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the Phenotypic and Genotypic Antibiotic Resistance Markers in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) Associated With Diabetes and Nondiabetic Patients.","authors":"David Nana Adjei, Thomas Stuart Mughogho, Olu-Taiwo Michael, Sarah Saidu, Gloria Amegatcher, Akua Obeng Forson","doi":"10.1155/ijm/3694023","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/3694023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Individuals with diabetes are more susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTIs) than those without the disease. This study aimed to determine the phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. <b>Methodology:</b> A total of 374 clean-catch midstream urine specimens were screened for uropathogens, and antibiogram analysis was done on <i>E. coli</i> isolates by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, followed by phenotypic confirmation of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were carried out to determine ESBL genotypes. <b>Result:</b> Overall, we observed UTIs prevalence of 19.8% and 10.7% in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Females exhibited higher UTI prevalence than males in both groups ([71.8% and 28.2%] vs. [85% and 15%]) (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Among women with and without diabetes, the age groups of 55-64 and 25-34 years showed the highest prevalence of UTIs (25.6% vs. 40%). The most prevalent uropathogen was <i>E. coli</i> (62.2% vs. 75%); multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>E. coli</i> was (61% vs. 33.3%) and ESBL-<i>E. coli</i> was (34.8% and 20%) in diabetic and nondiabetic patients, respectively. The most common ESBL-mediated gene was <i>bla</i>CTX-M (64.3%) with multiple ESBL genes in some <i>E. coli</i> isolates. High-level resistance was observed for ampicillin (91.2%), cefuroxime (96.7%), ciprofloxacin (44.9%), and trimethoprim (59.4%), and low-level resistance was observed for gentamicin (18.7%), ceftriaxone (20.9%), and nitrofurantoin (19.8%). There was no significant difference between antibiotic resistance in diabetic and nondiabetic patients (<i>p</i> > 0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> We observed <i>bla</i>CTX-M as the most common ESBL genotype, in combination with other ESBL genes present in some <i>E. coli</i> isolates. Nitrofurantoin and ceftriaxone antibiotics were efficacious. Appropriate prescription of antibiotic therapy, and the prevention of transmission of resistant genes in the context of public health can be facilitated by routine monitoring of the resistance profiles and ESBL markers in patients with and without diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3694023"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Causing Contamination in Raw Beef and Meat-Processing Environments in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.","authors":"Amgalanzaya Dorjgochoo, Anujin Batbayar, Altansukh Tsend-Ayush, Bayarlakh Byambadorj, Sarantuya Jav, Munkhdelger Yandag","doi":"10.1155/ijm/3806846","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/3806846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) is a Gram-positive bacterium capable of causing a range of infections and displaying significant antibiotic resistance. <i>S. aureus</i> can exhibit resistance to multi-antibiotics, particularly penicillin, methicillin, linezolid, and daptomycin. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) ranges from 10%-50% in China and Russia, neighboring countries of Mongolia. This study aimed to assess <i>S. aureus</i> contamination in raw beef samples and surface swabs from meat-processing areas and markets, while detecting, as well as to detect virulence and resistance genes in the isolates. A total of 156 raw beef samples and 131 surface swabs were collected and analyzed using ISO 6888-1:2021 standards. The <i>nucA</i> gene specific to <i>S. aureus</i> was amplified by PCR, and antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Resistance genes (<i>mecA</i>, <i>mecC</i>, <i>vanA</i>, and <i>vanB</i>) and virulence genes (<i>sea</i>, <i>sed</i>, <i>tsst</i>, <i>eta</i>, and <i>etb</i>) were detected via PCR. The results showed contamination rates of 26.9% in raw beef and 15.3% in surface swabs. The isolates exhibited high resistance to oxacillin, ampicillin, and penicillin in meat samples and to oxacillin, tetracycline, azithromycin, and clindamycin in surface swabs. No resistance genes for vancomycin or methicillin (<i>mecC</i>, <i>vanA</i>, <i>vanB</i>) were detected. Virulence genes, including <i>tsst</i> (14.5%), <i>sea</i> and <i>etb</i> (9.7%), <i>eta</i> (3.2%), and <i>sed</i> (1.6%), were identified. Contamination was more prevalent in centers responsible for both transportation and sales, compared to meat-processing areas. These findings highlight the need for stricter hygiene and handling practices in meat transport and markets to reduce <i>S. aureus</i> contamination and limit the spread of resistant strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3806846"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of Peruvian <i>Tarasa</i> Species: A Comparative Study of the Antimicrobial Effects of Extracts From Three Different <i>Tarasa</i> Species, <i>T. capitata</i>, <i>T. operculata</i> and <i>T. tenuis</i>, Against Human Pathogens.","authors":"Carmen R Yauri, Annette N Trombert, Antonio M Lazarte","doi":"10.1155/ijm/5546594","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/5546594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing problem of antibiotic resistance has driven the search for new sources of antimicrobial agents. Plants, particularly those from the Malvaceae family, have showed promising potential in this field. The present study is based on <i>Tarasa</i> extracts, and the antimicrobial action was assessed using <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> as experimental bacterial strains. N-hexane extracts of <i>T. capitata, Tarasa operculata</i> and <i>Tarasa tenuis</i> were analysed and showed, for the first time, antimicrobial activities against human pathogens. GC/MS analysis identified several chemical compounds in the extracts that could be responsible for their antimicrobial activity. These findings suggest that <i>Tarasa</i> species could be a valuable source of new antimicrobial compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5546594"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11779985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Quinoa-Based Fermentation Medium for Propagation of <i>Lactobacillus Plantarum</i> and <i>Weissella Confusa</i> in Opaque Beer Production.","authors":"Shepherd Manhokwe, Tatenda Musarurwa, Talknice Z Jombo, Desmond T Mugadza, Amiel Mugari, Joseph Bare, Scelo Mguni, Fidelis Chigondo, Jane Tafadzwa Muchekeza","doi":"10.1155/ijm/5745539","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/5745539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Product inconsistency of opaque beer has for long been a tenacious problem in the brewing industry since the current process relies on spontaneous lactic acid fermentation. In order to impede this challenge, there is a need to add lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starter cultures in opaque beer brewing to improve its organoleptic qualities. This study sought to develop a quinoa-based fermentation medium for propagation of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> and <i>Weissella confusa</i> as potential starter cultures in opaque beer production. An evaluation of the stability and tolerance of the LAB under various stress conditions was also done. Fermentation wort from opaque beer brewing and different quinoa-based synthetic media with varying nutritional components was prepared for propagation of LAB. Physiochemical analyses which included pH, Brix value and total titratable acidity (TTA) of monocultured and cocultured synthetic media were measured. The measurements were done at 24 h time intervals ranging from 0 to 96 h. Tolerance studies which included the effect of heat shock, cold shock, oxidative stress and osmotic pressure on the survival rate of LAB were conducted to determine the stability of LAB. MRS with <i>L. plantarum</i> monoculture (MRSp) had a notable change in pH from 4.5 to 3.6 after 24 h. The cocultured (M5p + w) synthetic media and cocultured MRS (MRSp + w) also exhibited change in pH from 4.3 to 3.2 and 4.3 to 3.3, respectively, after 72 h. Brix value in all media samples decreased after 24 h except for the uninoculated MRS sample (MRS C). The synthetic and coculture medium (M5p + w) exhibited an increase in TTA (0.79% (m/v) lactic acid) within the first 24 h. Exposure to heat shock had a significance effect (<i>p</i> < 0.05) on the survival rate of <i>L. plantarum</i> and <i>W. confusa</i>. The <i>W. confusa</i> in synthetic media recorded a higher survival rate (27 ± 0.03%) upon exposure to heat shock than <i>L. plantarum</i> (7 ± 0.01%). In contrast, <i>L. plantarum</i> in MRS recorded a higher survival rate (67 ± 0.02%) upon exposure to cold shock and oxidative stress (34 ± 0.01%). The starter cultures tested survived upon exposure to the stress conditions, indicating their potential use in opaque beer production.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5745539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Enterovirulent <i>E. coli</i> Isolates Harboring Broad-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Genes in Cancer Patients at the Laquintinie Hospital in Douala, Littoral Region, Cameroon.","authors":"Michael F Kengne, Armelle T Mbaveng, Wiliane J T Marbou, Ousenu Karimo, Ballue S T Dadjo, Delano G T Fonjou, Ornella D Tsobeng, Victor Kuete","doi":"10.1155/ijm/4224807","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/4224807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cases of antibiotic-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) infections are becoming increasingly frequent and represent a major threat to our ability to treat cancer patients. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance threatens the treatment of <i>E. coli</i> infections. In this study, the antimicrobial profiles, virulent genes, and the frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) gene carriage in fecal <i>E. coli</i> isolates from cancer patients at the Laquintinie Hospital in Douala (Cameroon) were determined. 507 participants were recruited from October 2021 to March 2023, of whom 307 (60.55%) had cancer and 200 (39.45%) did not. Two hundred and two <i>E. coli</i> were isolated from fecal samples of one hundred and fifteen cancer patients and 47 (87) noncancer patients using EMB LEVINE agar. The antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolates was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Virulence and resistance genes were detected by simplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). <i>E. coli</i> showed significant rates of resistance to amoxicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, piperacillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin in cancer patients compared to noncancer patients. The rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) higher in cancer patients than in noncancer patients. Fifty-five enterovirulent <i>E. coli</i> were identified, of which 24 (43.63%) were EPEC, 13 (23.63%) were EAEC, 6 (10.90%) were ETEC, 10 (18.18%) were STEC, and 2 (3.63%) were EIEC. The frequency of beta-lactamase genes in the 55 ESBL-producing enterovirulent <i>E. coli</i> isolates was determined, and 94.54% harbored at least one ESBL gene, distributed as follows: 80.00% for <i>bla</i> _TEM, 67.27% for <i>bla</i> _CTX-M, 24.63 for <i>bla</i> _OXA, and 36.36% for <i>bla</i> _SHV genes. Several associations were observed between virulence factors, resistance genes, and the antimicrobial resistance phenotype. This study revealed the real existence of fecal carriage of ESBL-producing enterovirulent <i>E. coli</i> isolates from cancer patients with a high rate of MDR in the latter.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4224807"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria From \"<i>Trites</i>\" Having the Ability to Produce α-Glucosidase Inhibitors.","authors":"Edy Fachrial, Ismawati, Afif Pranaya Jati, Titania Tjandrawati Nugroho, Saryono","doi":"10.1155/ijm/8864668","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/8864668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are one of the therapies used for treating type 2 diabetes by inhibiting the absorption of carbohydrates in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition to antimicrobial activity, some probiotic species show <i>α</i>-glucosidase inhibitor activity, making them potential alternative therapies for type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to characterize probiotics from \"<i>trites</i>,\" a traditional food from North Sumatra, Indonesia, that exhibit <i>α</i>-glucosidase inhibition, potentially useful for type 2 diabetes treatment. The probiotic potential of the isolates was evaluated through antagonistic activity, acid tolerance, bile tolerance, and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. <i>α</i>-Glucosidase inhibition was tested with acarbose as a control. The best-performing isolate, LBSU8, was identified as <i>Pediococcus acidilactici</i> through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Gene analysis using genome sequencing for LBSU8 revealed antimicrobial secondary metabolites, including RiPPs, polyketide, and NRP, while capsular polysaccharide might contribute to its antidiabetic activity. Though no specific <i>α</i>-glucosidase inhibitory secondary metabolites were identified, enzymes like dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase, transketolase, and glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase may contribute to this activity. <i>P. acidilactici</i> LBSU8 shows potential as an alternative diabetes therapy in the food and drug industries. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism behind its <i>α</i>-glucosidase inhibitory activity and to explore its efficacy in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8864668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LysR-Type Transcriptional Regulator VirR Responds to Temperature and pH and Directly Activates the Transcription of <i>virS</i>-Containing Operon in <i>Rhodococcus equi</i>.","authors":"Tsutomu Kakuda, Takashi Sato, Mari Takuhara, Hirofumi Hagiuda, Yasunori Suzuki","doi":"10.1155/ijm/6618952","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/6618952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Rhodococcus equi</i>-a facultative intracellular pathogen of macrophages-causes bronchopneumonia in foals and patients who are immunocompromised. Virulent strains of <i>R. equi</i> possess a virulence-associated plasmid, which encodes a 15- to 17-kDa surface protein called virulence-associated protein A (VapA). VapA expression is regulated by temperature and pH. Two transcriptional regulators, VirR and VirS, are involved in the transcriptional regulation of <i>vapA</i>. VirR regulates VapA expression through VirS. However, whether VirR directly regulates <i>virS</i> transcription is unclear. In this study, we examined VirR binding to the promoter region of the <i>icgA</i> operon, which contains <i>virS</i>, using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay and DNase I footprinting. VirR bound DNA fragments containing the <i>virR</i>-<i>icgA</i> intergenic region. Transcription from the promoter in this region was VirR-dependent and regulated by temperature and pH. The VirR-binding site contained the LysR-type transcriptional regulator-binding consensus motif, T-N₁₁-A. A point mutation (L98E) in the putative ligand-binding pocket of VirR constitutively activated the <i>icgA</i> promoter. However, no apparent difference was observed in the electrophoretic mobility shift assay and DNase I footprinting using the <i>icgA</i> promoter when L98E VirR was compared with wild-type VirR. A bacterial two-hybrid system identified an interaction between VirR and RpoA. Our data reveal that VirR binds the promoter of the <i>icgA</i> operon and directly activates its transcription. Furthermore, the regulation of VapA expression in response to temperature and pH is mediated by VirR.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6618952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11724031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142970680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}