International Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Limitation of the Lytic Effect of Bacteriophages on <i>Salmonella</i> and Other Enteric Bacterial Pathogens and Approaches to Overcome.","authors":"Chuan-Wei Tung, Dita Julianingsih, Anna Phan, Christa Canagarajah, Zabdiel Alvarado-Martínez, Debabrata Biswas","doi":"10.1155/ijm/5936070","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/5936070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteriophages (phages) have emerged as promising agents for combating bacterial pathogens, including nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella enterica</i> (<i>S. enterica</i>), the most common foodborne pathogen worldwide. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) <i>S. enterica</i> poses a severe healthcare issue. Nowadays, many countries worldwide have banned antibiotics for animal feeds or additives, and various strategies have been developed and gained popularity for their potential to address <i>S. enterica</i> infection. Among these strategies, phage therapy shows more promise because of its ability to specifically target bacterial pathogens without disrupting the beneficial microbiota or animal/human cells. Phages are viruses that rupture host cells through the lysis of phage-encoded endolysin proteins. Nonetheless, phages also face various challenges, including phage resistance, gene transduction, serovar diversity, and the immune response of animal/human organisms, which limit the efficacy of <i>S. enterica</i>. Due to this limitation of phages, endolysin, as a lytic protein for bacterial cells derived from phages, has been demonstrated as another promising solution against various bacterial pathogens, including AMR. This review is aimed at discussing the benefits and limitations of phage therapies and exploring the promising potential of phage-encoded endolysins in controlling <i>S. enterica</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5936070"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12097861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Effect of Cinnamaldehyde and <i>α</i>-Terpineol on Endodontic Biofilms of <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>.","authors":"Maria Heloísa de Souza Borges-Grisi, Arella Cristina Muniz Brito, Isis Morais Bezerra, Loyse Martorano-Fernandes, Yuri Wanderley Cavalcanti, Leopoldina de Fátima Dantas de Almeida","doi":"10.1155/ijm/4769807","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/4769807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> The objective was to assess the antimicrobial effect of cinnamaldehyde and <i>α</i>-terpineol on mono-species and dual-species biofilms involved in endodontic infection. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The phytoconstituents were used at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. The biofilms of <i>Candida albicans</i> (ATCC 90028) and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (ATCC 29212) were developed for 7 days and evaluated by metabolic capacity analysis using MTT, cell viability analysis by CFU/mL, and phospholipase activity. The RPMI 1640 medium was used as the negative control and sodium hypochlorite 2.5% and chlorhexidine 2% were used as positive controls. Data were analyzed by a Kruskal-Wallis test and stepwise with adjusted Bonferroni for nonnormal data and an ANOVA one-way test followed by Tukey's post hoc test for normal data (<i>α</i> = 5%). <b>Results:</b> The cellular metabolism of the <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>E. faecalis</i> mono-species biofilms was reduced by cinnamaldehyde and <i>α</i>-terpineol (<i>p</i> < 0.05). For dual-species biofilm, only <i>α</i>-terpineol showed differences compared to the negative control (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The phytoconstituents showed an inhibitory effect on cell viability (CFU/mL) and phospholipase activity of biofilms, having an activity similar to sodium hypochlorite (<i>p</i> > 0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> The phytoconstituents cinnamaldehyde and <i>α</i>-terpineol, at a concentration of 10 mg/mL, had an inhibitory effect on mono-species and dual-species biofilms of <i>E. faecalis</i> and <i>C. albicans</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4769807"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12092155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-Friendly Synthesis and Characterization of <i>Senna italica</i>-Derived Silver Nanoparticles With Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity.","authors":"Emad Abada, Fatimah Habib, Abdullah Mashraqi, Yosra Modafer, Wail Alsolami, Khatib Ismail, Abdullah Ali Alamri, Abadi M Mashlawi, Abdel-Rahman M Shater","doi":"10.1155/ijm/2072594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/2072594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The eco-friendly and cost-effective biological synthesis of nanomaterials is rapidly gaining attention. This study synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an aqueous extract of <i>Senna italica</i> leaves and silver nitrate (AgNO₃). The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AgNPs, displaying a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 445 nm. TEM and SEM analyses revealed spherical nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 12.7 to 24 nm. FTIR spectra identified bands at 1636 and 3496 cm^-1, corresponding to C=O and O-H groups, indicating their role in stabilizing the nanoparticles. XRD analysis revealed diffraction planes at 111, 200, 220, and 311, consistent with the face-centered cubic structure of silver. The AgNPs demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against fungi and Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, with <i>Escherichia coli</i> showing the highest sensitivity (MIC = 0.014 <i> μ</i>g/mL). SEM analysis of <i>E. coli</i> showed that untreated cells retained their normal morphology, whereas AgNP-treated cells appeared shriveled and deformed. These results underscore the potential of <i>Senna italica</i>-derived AgNPs as effective antimicrobial agents. Future studies will be aimed at investigating the detailed mechanisms underlying the effects of AgNPs on bacterial cell structure and growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2072594"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12081149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Levels and Types of Bacterial Contamination in Cosmetic Brushes: Implications for Beauty and Hygiene in Jeddah City.","authors":"Roba M S Attar, Mohammed A Imam","doi":"10.1155/ijm/2128581","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/2128581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cosmetic tools, such as brushes and sponges, are integral to beauty routines but are often neglected in terms of hygiene, posing risks of bacterial contamination and related skin issues. This study investigates bacterial contamination in 57 cosmetic brushes collected from users in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Bacterial isolates were characterized morphologically and identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results revealed a diverse microbial profile, with Gram-positive bacteria predominating (81%), including <i>Staphylococcus</i> and <i>Micrococcus</i> species, alongside Gram-negative bacteria such as <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. A survey of 370 participants highlighted inconsistent cleaning habits, with 44.3% rarely cleaning their brushes and 27.8% reporting skin problems potentially linked to contaminated tools. A statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between awareness of hygiene practices and concerns about bacterial infections (<i>p</i> < 0.05), yet no direct association was found between cleaning frequency and skin issues (<i>p</i> = 0.698). This study emphasizes the need for public education on the proper maintenance of cosmetic tools to minimize health risks and promote safer beauty practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2128581"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12074853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> in an Acute Watery Diarrhea Outbreak in Sulaymaniyah City, Iraq.","authors":"Hastyar Hamarashid Najmuldeen, Karzan Rafiq Sidiq, Fakher Karim Rahim, Karzan Taha Abubaker, Mazin Frya Faraj, Sima Rahman Qadir, Sina Khalil Ismael, Nozad Hussein Mahmood","doi":"10.1155/ijm/5539834","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijm/5539834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholera is a life-threatening diarrheal disease caused by <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>, with recurring outbreaks in Iraq, including the Kurdistan Region. Despite its endemic nature, outbreaks have primarily been reported by the health sector without comprehensive molecular epidemiological investigations. Limited studies have characterized outbreak dynamics, prevalence, and antimicrobial resistance, hindering effective public health interventions. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence, molecular characteristics, and antibiotic resistance of <i>V. cholerae</i> isolates from the 2023 outbreak in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq. A total of 1200 diarrheic stool samples were collected from Shar Hospital between July and October 2023. Bacterial isolation was performed using microbiological methods and automated VITEK 2 analysis, followed by serological identification (O1 and O139 antisera) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was conducted to assess resistance patterns. The outbreak prevalence was 0.015%, with the highest infection rate in August (0.009%). The overall infection rate was 28.91% (347/1200), with the most affected age groups being 19-33 years (27.66%) and 34-48 years (26.22%). Infection was more common in females (55.6%) than males (44.4%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed high genetic similarity to the <i>V. cholerae</i> Kuwait1 strain, suggesting potential introduction from southern Iraq, possibly due to an influx of tourists. Furthermore, antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that all <i>V. cholerae</i> isolates were susceptible to most tested antibiotics; however, complete resistance (100%) was observed against amikacin, amoxicillin, amoxiclav, nalidixic acid, and trimethoprim, with partial resistance (30%) to tetracycline. Cholera remains a major public health concern in Kurdistan, particularly in Sulaymaniyah, due to recurrent outbreaks. Molecular techniques provided crucial insights into outbreak tracking and genetic relatedness, while AST profiling highlighted the urgent need for revised treatment guidelines. Strengthening water sanitation, continuous antimicrobial resistance monitoring, and targeted public health interventions are essential for preventing future outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5539834"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening, Identification, and Optimization of Protease Producing <i>Bacillus pumilus</i> Strain DT-15 From Tannery Waste Disposal Site in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","authors":"Bontu Habtamu Feyissa","doi":"10.1155/ijm/7176092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/7176092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial proteases are valuable enzymes that accelerate the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within protein molecules. This study aimed to screen, identify, and optimize bacteria-producing protease from a tannery waste disposal site. Then, 36 morphologically distinct bacterial isolates were obtained from the Dire Tannery waste disposal site in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Among these isolates, DT-15 demonstrated the highest protease activity, with a clear zone of 19.00 ± 0.75 mm on skim milk agar, indicating its efficacy as a protease producer. Further morphological and molecular characterization of the most promising isolate was conducted. Based on its 16S rRNA sequence, the most effective isolate was identified as <i>Bacillus pumilus</i>. To enhance protease production, optimization experiments were carried out, resulting in an optimal enzyme activity of 506 ± 0.037 U/mL achieved after 60 h of incubation at 37°C and pH 7, using peptone and glucose as the nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively. Thus, the isolated bacterium has the potential to be utilized for various biotechnological applications, such as leather processing, detergent formulation, and food production. Further studies could focus on its applications in industrial processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7176092"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12055307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioprospecting Bacteria From Psychrophilic Anaerobic Digestate for Potential Plant Growth-Promoting Attributes.","authors":"Muyiwa Ajoke Akindolire, Busiswa Ndaba, Maryam Bello-Akinosho, Haripriya Rama, Ashira Roopnarain","doi":"10.1155/ijm/2208124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/2208124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The psychrophilic anaerobic digestion (PAD) system is a diverse and underexplored microbial ecosystem that typically harbors cold-adapted microorganisms with possible agronomic potential. The plant growth-promoting bacteria in the residue of PAD have the potential to enhance crop production, particularly during cold winter months. In this context, the characteristics of cultivable, cold-tolerant bacteria isolated from digestate obtained during PAD were investigated. Of the 20 isolates, 12 (60%) were able to solubilize phosphate from insoluble compounds at 15°C. Furthermore, nine (45%) and six (30%) isolates exhibited nitrogen fixation activity and produced indole acetic acid (IAA), respectively, while only two (10%) isolates were capable of producing siderophores. Hydrolytic enzyme production varied with cellulase production observed as a common trait since all isolates produced varying levels of cellulase ranging from 3.3 ± 0.5 to 15.3 ± 4 mm activity diameter. Isolates <i>Comamonas</i> sp._A3-1, <i>Acinetobacter iwoffi</i>_B5-1, and <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp._B5-5 displayed maximum cellulolytic activity with activity diameters of 13 ± 2, 13 ± 1.2, and 15.3 ± 4 mm, respectively. However, only two (10%) of the bacterial isolates produced protease with <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp._B5-5 demonstrating maximum proteolytic activity as depicted by an activity diameter of 11.3 ± 2.5 mm. Nucleotide sequence analysis of seven isolates, possessing multiple plant-beneficial traits, revealed their affiliation to three genera: <i>Acinetobacter</i> (57%), <i>Comamonas</i> (28.7%), and <i>Pseudomonas</i> (14%). Biolog Phenotype MicroArray plates revealed varied catabolic capability among bacterial strains, with isolate B5-5 demonstrating the highest metabolic diversity. The findings of this study revealed that cold-tolerant isolates from low-temperature AD possess promising plant growth-promoting characteristics, which indicates the potential of psychrophilic digestate for application in agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2208124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12043392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>Malassezia globosa</i> on the Expression of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin and Differentiation of T Helper Cells in MC903-Induced Atopic Dermatitis Mouse Model.","authors":"Xin Zhou, Zhuanggui Cheng, Qintai Yang, Han Ma, Yang Xie, Zhe Xu, Jun Xia, Jian Chen, Chun Lu, Peiying Feng","doi":"10.1155/ijm/3586621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/3586621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and inflammatory disease with an immunogenetic basis that can be triggered by extrinsic and intrinsic factors, including dysbiosis of the skin microbiota. The lipophilic <i>Malassezia globosa</i> is one of the dominant fungal species on the skin of AD patients. <i>Malassezia</i> and the host pathophysiologic mechanism underlying its role in exacerbating AD symptoms remain to be elucidated. This experiment established a fungal overgrowth model by topical administration suspension of <i>M. globosa</i> on BALB/c mice (M group) and MC903-induced AD model (AD+M group). Our results suggested that more severe AD-like lesions and higher dermatitis scoring were observed in the AD+M group compared with the AD group. The expression of TSLP mRNA in the tissue and serum IgE were highly increased in the AD group, while decreased significantly in the AD+M group. The expression levels of IL-17A and IL-22 in ear tissues and serum were significantly increased with <i>M. globosa</i> stimulation, especially in the AD+M group. Meanwhile, the percentage of Th17 and Th22 cells in the spleen were positively correlated with IL-17A and IL-22 levels in the serum. In contrast, IFN-<i>γ</i> and IL-4 production were significantly decreased in the AD+M group compared with the AD group. This study demonstrated that overgrowing <i>M. globosa</i> could aggravate AD symptoms and that IL-17A and IL-22 may be involved in the process. The promotion of IL-17A and IL-22 production induced by <i>M. globosa</i> may restrain the development of TSLP and inhibit the Th1/Th2 type skin inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3586621"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12041643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Enzymatic Potential of Bacteria and Fungi From Mwakirunge Dumpsite, Kenya.","authors":"Beryle Atieno Okoth, Huxley Mae Makonde, Carren Moraa Bosire, Cromwell Mwiti Kibiti","doi":"10.1155/ijm/7818433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/7818433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accumulation of solid waste is a major global challenge. The conventional waste disposal methods are often ineffective in mitigating solid waste pollution, highlighting the need for other sustainable alternatives. This study is aimed at isolating and identifying potential waste-degrading microorganisms from Mwakirunge dumpsite in Mombasa, Kenya. A total of 16 soil samples were collected using a randomized block design. The samples were inoculated in enriched basal media containing mixed municipal solid waste and incubated at 37°C for 21 days. Microbial identification was conducted using standard morphological, biochemical, and molecular approaches. DNA was extracted using organic isolation methods, and PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the ITS gene for fungi was performed. Phylogenetic analysis grouped bacterial isolates into phylum Bacillota (Firmicutes), Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), and Actinomycetota (Actinobacteria) that included members of the genera bacilli, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>brevibacilli</i>, <i>Microbacterium</i>, <i>Ochrobactrum</i>, <i>Paenibacillus</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Isoptericola</i>, and <i>Streptomyces</i>. Fungal isolates belonged to the genus <i>Aspergillus</i> within the phylum Ascomycota. Three bacterial isolates B4S2 b (MZ571886), B3S1 (MZ571907), and B3S4 B (MZ571915) and one fungal isolate B2S2 a1 (MZ569413) had low sequence similarities with their closely known taxonomic relatives. The ability of the isolates to produce lipase, esterase, cellulase, amylase, and gelatinase enzymes was tested using the agar diffusion method. The results showed a significant level of enzyme production (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (MZ571899) exhibited the highest esterase activity; <i>Streptomyces thermocarboxydus</i> (MZ571882) exhibited the highest lipase activity, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (MZ571887) exhibited the highest amylase activity, and <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> (MZ571888) exhibited the highest cellulase activity, while <i>Pseudomonas stutzeri</i> (MZ571900) exhibited the highest gelatinase activity. We recommend further studies to characterize the isolates with low sequence percentage similarities to establish their true identities. In addition, further enzymatic studies are required to quantify, characterize, and purify these enzymes for industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7818433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12037257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection and Antibiogram Profiling of <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> Isolated From Breeder Chickens Suspected of Fowl Cholera in Gondar City, Ethiopia.","authors":"Abdo Megra Geda, Aregash Wendimu, Solomon Lulie, Bereket Dessalegn, Liyuwork Tesfaw, Eyob Assefa, Kenaw Birhanu, Getaw Deresse, Dawit Dufera, Gashaw Enbiyale, Mulusew Tesfaye, Tadesse Mihret","doi":"10.1155/ijm/8356389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/8356389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fowl cholera is a highly infectious bacterial disease in poultry production. It is caused by <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> (<i>P. multocida</i>) and leads to significant health risks and financial losses. Therefore, this study is aimed at isolating, molecularly detecting, and analyzing the antibiogram of <i>P. multocida</i> from breeder chickens in Gondar City. A cross-sectional study design with purposive sampling was employed to collect a total of 130 tracheal swab samples from breeder chickens showing clinical signs of fowl cholera between January 2023 and December 2023, based on case availability. Bacterial isolation was performed using bacteriological and biochemical tests. The isolated <i>P. multocida</i> was confirmed through conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a capsular serotype-specific primer (<i>capA</i>). The antibiogram assessment of <i>P. multocida</i> against 10 antimicrobial agents was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the isolation rate of the bacterium. Of the 130 sampled swabs, 10 (7.69%) tested positive for <i>P. multocida</i> in the phenotypic assay, and 3 (30%) of those isolates were positive for the <i>hyaD/hyaC</i> virulence gene. The study found that all three isolates were 100% sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin, norfloxacin, and florfenicol, while showing 100% intermediate sensitivity to streptomycin and 66.7% intermediate sensitivity to gentamycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, and kanamycin. The study confirms that <i>P. multocida</i>, the causative agent of fowl cholera in breeder chickens, is circulating in the area and exhibits varying antimicrobial sensitivity profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8356389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12037256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}