International Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Occurrence of Heat-Resistant Mold Ascospores in Pineapple and Sugarcane Field Soils in Thailand.","authors":"Thanapoom Maneeboon,&nbsp;Somsiri Sangchote,&nbsp;Ratchanee Hongprayoon,&nbsp;Chananya Chuaysrinule,&nbsp;Warapa Mahakarnchanakul","doi":"10.1155/2023/8347560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8347560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat-resistant molds (HRMs) are important spoilage fungi of heat-processed fruit products worldwide. Ascospores of HRMs are widely distributed in the soil in which fruits are grown and are often found associated with raw fruit materials. To date, there is little available information on the distribution of HRMs in the soil and on their heat resistance. Thus, this study determined the presence and characterized the heat resistance of HRMs in soil samples from pineapple and sugarcane fields in Thailand. HRMs were detected in all soil samples, and the most dominant species was <i>Aspergillus</i> with 50-99.2% relative abundance. Other isolates, in descending order of frequency, were <i>Penicillium</i>, <i>Talaromyces</i>, <i>Hamigera,</i> and <i>Paecilomyces</i>. Then, 100 representative HRM isolates were identified based on a combination of morphological characteristics and ITS sequences. They were classified into 5 genera and 24 species. The heat resistance of ascospores aged 30 days produced by selected HRMs was qualitatively determined in a glucose-buffered solution. Based on their log reductions after heat shock at 75°C for 30 min, they were classified as less, moderately, or highly heat-resistant ascospores. HRMs belonging to <i>A. chevalieri</i>, <i>A. denticulatus</i>, <i>A. siamensis</i>, <i>A. laciniosus</i>, <i>A. fennelliae</i>, <i>A. spinosus</i>, <i>Paec. niveus</i>, <i>H. pallida,</i> and <i>T. macrosporus</i> produced high heat-resistant ascospores. In addition, soil physicochemical properties significantly influenced the prevalence of HRMs, depending on the fungal genus. The thermal resistance of ascospores was significantly and positively correlated to available phosphorus, whereas it was negatively correlated to soil pH. The results of this study confirmed the presence of HRMs in soils and potential HRM contamination, especially in fruits growing in acidic or high-nutrient soils, or both.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10400301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9943893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of <i>qnr</i> Genes and OqxAB Efflux Pump in Fluoroquinolone-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Strains.","authors":"Fereshteh Amereh,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Arabestani,&nbsp;Seyed Mostafa Hosseini,&nbsp;Leili Shokoohizadeh","doi":"10.1155/2023/9199108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9199108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and relationship between plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and OqxAB pump genes, as well as the genetic linkage in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> strains isolated from Hamadan hospitals in the west of Iran.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, 100 <i>K. pneumoniae</i> clinical strains were isolated from clinical samples of inpatients at Hamadan Hospital in 2021. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. The frequencies of genes encoding OqxAB efflux pumps and <i>qnr</i> were investigated by PCR. Molecular typing of <i>qnr</i>-positive <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates was assessed by ERIC-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed high resistance (>80%) to fluoroquinolones. The gene encoding the OqxAB efflux pump was detected in more than 90% of <i>K. pneumomiae</i> strains. All <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates were negative for <i>qnr</i>A, and 20% and 9% of the isolates were positive for <i>qnr</i>B and <i>qnr</i>S, respectively. The genes encoding <i>oqx</i>A and <i>oqx</i>B were detected in 96% of <i>qnr</i>-positive strains. A <i>qnr</i>B + /<i>qnr</i>S + profile was observed in 16% of <i>qnr</i>-positive <i>K. pneumoniae</i> strains. Ciprofloxacin MIC ≥ 256 <i>μ</i>g/ml was detected in 20% of <i>qnr</i>-positive strains. Genetic association analysis by ERIC-PCR revealed genetic diversity among 25 different <i>qnr</i>-positive strains of <i>K. pneumonia</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>However, no significant correlation was found between the <i>qnr</i> and the OqxAB efflux pump genes in this study. The high rate of fluoroquinolone resistance and determinants of antibiotic resistance among diverse <i>K. pneumoniae</i> strains increase the risk of fluoroquinolone-resistance transmission by <i>K. pneumoniae</i> strains in hospitals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9974307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9372172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updates on the Status of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales in Lebanon.","authors":"Mahdi Fadlallah,&nbsp;Ahmad Salman,&nbsp;Elie Salem-Sokhn","doi":"10.1155/2023/8831804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8831804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) pathogens have been increasingly isolated and reported in Lebanon. Several studies have been published over the last two decades about the CRE situation in the country. However, compared to the worldwide data, those studies are scarce and mostly restricted to single center studies. In this review, we aim to present a comprehensive and reliable report illustrating the current situation regarding CRE in Lebanon. Variable studies have shown an increasing pattern of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales since the first reports of CRE isolates in 2007 and 2008. <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> were the most detected ones. The OXA-48 class D carbapenemases were the most prevalent carbapenemases among CRE isolates. Moreover, the emergence of other carbapenemases like the NDM class B carbapenemase has been noticed. Strict infection control measures in hospitals, including the identification of CRE carriers, are needed in Lebanese hospitals since carriage is a potential risk for the spread of CRE in healthcare settings. The dissemination of CRE in the community is noticed and attributed to multiple causes, such as the refugee crisis, water contamination, and antimicrobial misuse. In conclusion, strict infection control measures in healthcare settings, in addition to accurate antimicrobial stewardship program implementation, are urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10241595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9645068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description of <i>Streptococcus thalassemiae</i> sp. nov., a Bacterium Isolated from Human Blood.","authors":"Fatou Samba Diouf,&nbsp;Mamadou Beye,&nbsp;Mapenda Gaye,&nbsp;Babacar Mbaye,&nbsp;Stephane Alibar,&nbsp;Mariema Sarr,&nbsp;Gregory Dubourg,&nbsp;Jean-Christophe Lagier,&nbsp;Cheikh Sokhna,&nbsp;Florence Fenollar,&nbsp;Pierre-Edouard Fournier,&nbsp;Cheikh Ibrahima Lo","doi":"10.1155/2023/3802590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3802590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood is a precious biological liquid that is normally sterile. Therefore, bacteria in the bloodstream are shown a priori anomaly. A blood culture is systematically performed to diagnose the cause of the bacteremia. Indeed, a patient received in our service had a thalassemia major and underwent a genoidentical transplant. Then, a blood test was performed to diagnose a four-day fever. In this context, we have isolated strain Marseille-Q2617 from the blood sample. It revealed a new bacterial strain that belongs to the genus <i>Streptococcus.</i> It is a Gram-positive coccus, nonmotile, and nonspore forming. The major fatty acid found is hexadecanoic acid, with 49.5%. A taxonomic method was used to characterize the strain by studying their phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genomic characteristics. In addition, sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene shows that the strain Marseille-Q2617 has 99.94% sequence similarity to <i>Streptococcus mitis</i>. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis for strain Marseille-Q2617^T showed the highest similarity of 92.9% with <i>S. mitis</i>. The DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained (50.2%) between strain Marseille-Q2607 and <i>S. mitis</i>, its closest related species, was below the recommended threshold (<70%). Strain Marseille-Q2617^T has a genome size of 2.02 Mbp with 40.5 mol% of G + C content. Based on these results, we propose a new species of the genus <i>Streptococcus</i>, for which the name <i>Streptococcus thalassemiae</i> sp. nov., Marseille-Q2617^T (=CSUR Q2617 = CECT 30109) was proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10409578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9963575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed-Borne Fungi Associated with Diverse Rice Varieties Cultivated in the Western North Region of Ghana.","authors":"Francis Mensah Ackaah,&nbsp;Seloame Tatu Nyaku,&nbsp;Edmund Darkwa","doi":"10.1155/2023/8690464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8690464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rice is a major staple in the Ghanaian diet. However, its production is constrained by fungal diseases. A survey was conducted in 2018 in three selected districts in the Western North Region of Ghana using a structured questionnaire and face-to-face interaction with 230 farmers to assess their knowledge, perceptions of seed-borne fungal diseases, and management practices. Additionally, fungi associated with farmer's seeds were isolated and identified through the Agar and Blotter tests. Findings indicate that 72.7% of the farmers in the selected districts relied on their saved seeds for planting. Thirteen fungal genera were associated with the rice seed samples collected from the three districts. The Juaboso district had the majority (13) of seed-borne fungi. The seed samples were categorized into various forms of discolouration, and significant differences (<i>P</i> < 0.05) existed among the seed samples for this parameter. The AGRA rice, a farmer-saved seed from Juaboso, had the highest level of seed discolouration (41.96%). Fungi identified to be associated with the dark brown/brown discolouration of rice seeds were <i>Bipolaris</i> spp., <i>Fusarium</i> spp., <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i> and <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. The only fungus associated with the yellow/pale yellow colour was <i>Bipolaris</i> spp. The fungi <i>Bipolaris</i> spp., <i>Curvularia</i> spp., and <i>Botryodiplodia</i> spp. were associated with the dark spot discolouration. <i>Alternaria</i> spp., and <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. were observed on the greyish white seed discolouration sample. Fungi are associated with rice cultivation and vary according to district and rice variety. A complex of pathogenic and saprophytic fungi therefore infects rice grains both in field and storage conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9897915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9215163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and Molecular Variability of <i>Alternaria solani</i> and <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> Causing Tomato Blights.","authors":"Lydia Mugao","doi":"10.1155/2023/8951351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8951351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Alternaria solani</i> and <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> cause early and late blight diseases in tomato and potato, respectively. <i>A. solani</i> can survive for more than a decade in the soil, seed, or in plant residues at optimum temperature. The pathogen exhibits high molecular and genetic variation between isolates from potato and tomato plants, in different countries. Morphological studies reveal separate conidia borne singly on simple conidiophores. Spores are elongated, muriform, beaked, septate, and dark coloured. The mycelia are branched and septate. <i>A. solani</i> demonstrated a high genetic variability among isolates originating from the United States, Greece, Cuba, Canada, Russia, Turkey, South Africa, Brazil, and China based on vegetative compatibility groups and molecular markers (random amplified polymorphic DNA markers, random amplified microsatellite markers, and amplified fragment length polymorphisms). Different morphological and molecular variations indicate the presence of variability among the isolates. On the other hand, <i>P. infestans</i> is a diploid, obligate, heterothallic, and biotrophic oomycete, whose asexual lifecycle is characterized by alternating phases of sporangia germination, hyphal growth, and sporulation. The mycelia of <i>P. infestans</i> is coenocytic, multinucleate, and aseptate although the cross walls do not form in old cultures. Sporangia are borne singly on the branch tips of the alternately branched sporangiophore. Sporangium is hyaline and lemon shaped with a papilla at the distal end. Mating types A1 and A2 with different clonal lineages have been discovered in various parts of the world indicating variation in the species.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10239299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9577423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between the Biofilm Genes and Antibiotic Resistance in <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i>.","authors":"Fatemeh Sameni,&nbsp;Bahareh Hajikhani,&nbsp;Ali Hashemi,&nbsp;Parviz Owlia,&nbsp;Mohammad Niakan,&nbsp;Masoud Dadashi","doi":"10.1155/2023/8873948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8873948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Today, <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> (<i>S. maltophilia</i>) is a major opportunistic pathogen among hospitalized or immunocompromised patients. Antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates are increasing in several parts of the world. Various antibiotic-resistance and biofilm-forming genes are identified in this bacterium. Its capacity to form biofilms is an important virulence factor that may impact antibiotic-resistance patterns. In the current study, we evaluated the biofilm-formation capacity, antibiotic-resistance profile, and prevalence of biofilm-forming genes as well as antibiotic resistance genes among <i>S. maltophilia</i> isolates.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 94 clinical <i>S. maltophilia</i> isolates were recovered from four tertiary-care hospitals in Iran between 2021 and 2022. The presence of the selected antibiotic-resistance genes and biofilm-forming genes was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ability of biofilm formation was examined by microtiter plate assay. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), levofloxacin, and minocycline resistance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>S. maltophilia</i> is mainly isolated from bloodstream infections. Notably, 98.93% of isolates were biofilm producers, of which 19.35%, 60.22%, and 20.43% produced strong, moderate, and weak biofilm, respectively. The frequency of biofilm genes was 100%, 97.88%, 96.80%, and 75.53% for <i>spgM, rmlA, smf</i>-1, and <i>rpfF</i>, respectively. Isolates with the genotype of <i>smf</i>-1+/<i>rmlA</i>+/<i>spgM</i>+/<i>rpfF</i>+ were mostly strong biofilm producers. Among the antibiotic-resistance genes, the <i>Smqnr, L1, and sul1</i> had the highest prevalence (76.59%, 72.34%, and 64.89), respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility evaluation showed 1.06%, 3.19%, and 6.3% resistance to minocycline, TMP-SMX, and levofloxacin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the current study demonstrated that <i>S. maltophilia</i> isolates differ in biofilm-forming ability. Moreover, <i>smf</i>-1, <i>rmlA</i>, and <i>spgM</i> genes were presented in all strong biofilm producers. Although the overall resistance rate to the evaluated antibiotics was high, there was no statistically significant relation between antibiotic resistance and the type of biofilm.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10484654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10220983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioprospecting for <i>Isoetes cangae</i> Endophytes with Potential to Promote Plant Growth.","authors":"Danielle Silveira Santos,&nbsp;Paula Veronesi Marinho Pontes,&nbsp;Analy Machado de Oliveira Leite,&nbsp;Aline Lemos Ferreira,&nbsp;Mariana de Souza,&nbsp;Thainá Dos Santos Silva Araujo,&nbsp;Henrique Fragoso Dos Santos,&nbsp;Guilherme Correa de Oliveira,&nbsp;José Augusto Bitencourt,&nbsp;Allysson Buraslan Cavalcanti,&nbsp;Rodrigo Lemes Martins,&nbsp;Francisco De Assis Esteves","doi":"10.1155/2023/5992113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5992113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Isoetes cangae</i> is a native plant found only in a permanent pond in Serra dos Carajás in the Amazon region. Plant-associated microbial communities are recognized to be responsible for biological processes essential for the health, growth, and even adaptation of plants to environmental stresses. In this sense, the aims of this work were to isolate, identify, and evaluate the properties of endophytic bacteria isolated from <i>I. cangae.</i> The bioprospecting of potentially growth-promoting endophytes required the following steps to be taken: isolation of endophytic colonies, molecular identification by 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and evaluation of the bacterial potential for nitrogen fixation, production of indole acetic acid and siderophores, as well as phosphate solubilization and mineralization. <i>Bacillus</i> sp., <i>Rhizobium</i> sp., <i>Priestia</i> sp., <i>Acinetobacter</i> sp., <i>Rossellomorea</i> sp., <i>Herbaspirillum</i> sp., <i>Heyndrickxia</i> sp., and <i>Metabacillus</i> sp., among other bacterial species, were identified. The isolates showed to be highly promising, evidencing the physiological importance for the plant and having the potential to promote plant growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10462435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10475375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on <i>Salmonella</i> Isolates from Fresh Milk of Dairy Cows in Selected Districts of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Isayas Asefa,&nbsp;Ermias Legabo,&nbsp;Tsegaye Wolde,&nbsp;Haben Fesseha","doi":"10.1155/2023/6837797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6837797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Salmonella</i> infections are most commonly found in animal-derived foods. From December 2021 to May 2022, the researchers conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> isolated from raw milk collected in and around Areka town, Boloso Sore Woreda, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 151 direct udder milk samples were collected at random and examined using bacteriological methods. The overall prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> was 9.3% (14/151). Breed, age, body condition, lactation stage, and parity were statistically significant risk factors (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Salmonellosis was more common and statistically significant in dairy cows with poor body condition and late lactation stage, as well as the Holstein Friesian crossbreed, accounting for 17.6%, 19.1%, and 17.3%, respectively. The farm's husbandry hygiene and management system, on the other hand, had no significant association with salmonellosis (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Salmonellosis was generally considered to be moderately prevalent and was one of the diseases of dairy cows in the study area that could have an impact on dairy production and have serious health and financial repercussions. As a result, improvements in milk quality maintenance and assurance are encouraged, and the need for additional research in the study area was suggested along with other ideas.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9981291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10849934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on HIV-Associated Dermatologic Manifestations: From Epidemiology to Clinical Management.","authors":"Zeinab Mohseni Afshar,&nbsp;Azadeh Goodarzi,&nbsp;Seyed Naser Emadi,&nbsp;Ronak Miladi,&nbsp;Safoura Shakoei,&nbsp;Alireza Janbakhsh,&nbsp;Zeinab Aryanian,&nbsp;Parvaneh Hatami","doi":"10.1155/2023/6203193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6203193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dermatological disorders are among the most prevalent manifestations of HIV infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this review, we aimed to characterize the various dermatologic presentations among HIV-infected patients with a detailed categorization of the mucocutaneous signs and symptoms, their etiopathogenic factors, and clinical management. In fact, cutaneous manifestations of HIV are quite various, ranging from AIDS-specific skin eruptions (xerosis, pruritic papular eruptions, eosinophilic folliculitis, and acne), opportunistic infections (herpes simplex, molluscum contagiosum, cutaneous leishmaniasis, bacillary angiomatosis, disseminated histoplasmosis, disseminated cryptococcosis, and zoster) to AIDS-related malignancies (Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, and nonmelanoma skin cancers) and antiretroviral therapy (ART)-associated drug eruptions. We tried to classify HIV-related cutaneous presentations which can help clinicians for a better understanding of the various specific and nonspecific features of AIDS-associated cutaneous manifestations and management of the condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10368516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9936573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}