International Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Standardization of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques by Calibration and Quantification to the First WHO International Standard for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.","authors":"Jolanda J C Voermans,&nbsp;Daphne G J C Mulders,&nbsp;Rob J J Beerkens,&nbsp;Marlize van Duijn,&nbsp;Liesbeth van der Zwaan,&nbsp;Janette Rahamat-Langendoen,&nbsp;Annemiek van der Eijk,&nbsp;Marion P G Koopmans,&nbsp;Richard Molenkamp","doi":"10.1155/2023/7803864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7803864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical decision-making regarding isolation of SARS-CoV-2 patients is usually based on semiquantitative cycle-threshold (Ct) values without standardization. However, not all molecular assays produce Ct values, and there is ongoing discussion about whether Ct values can be safely used for decision-making. In this study, we standardized two molecular assays which use different nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAAT): the Hologic Aptima SARS-CoV-2/Flu (TMA) and Roche Cobas 6800 SARS-CoV-2 assays. We calibrated these assays against the first WHO international standard for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by using linear regression of log10 dilution series. These calibration curves were used to calculate viral loads for clinical samples. Clinical performance was assessed retrospectively using samples collected between January 2020 and November 2021, including known positives of the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus, the VOCs (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and omicron) and quality control panels. Linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis showed good correlations for SARS-CoV-2 between Panther TMA and Cobas 6800 when standardized viral loads were used. These standardized quantitative results can benefit clinical decision-making and standardization of infection control guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9957646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10793452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of <i>Streptomyces</i> Cell Surface by the Microbial Adhesion to Solvents Method.","authors":"C Zanane,&nbsp;S Mitro,&nbsp;D Mazigh,&nbsp;S Lekchiri,&nbsp;T Hakim,&nbsp;M El Louali,&nbsp;H Latrache,&nbsp;H Zahir","doi":"10.1155/2023/8841509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8841509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cell surface physicochemical properties of <i>Streptomyces</i> should influencing the dispersal and adsorption of spores and hyphae in soil and should conditioning there interactions with organic or metal substances in the bioremediation of contaminated environment. These properties are concerning surface hydrophobicity, electron donor/acceptor, and charge surface. To date, only hydrophobicity of <i>Streptomyces</i> was studied by contact angle measurements and microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons (MATH). In this work, we studied the electron donor/acceptor character of the <i>Streptomyces</i> cell surface in two ionic strength 10^-3 M and 10^-1 M of KNO₃. Thus, to facilitate the characterisation of the surfaces of microbial cells, we used a simple, rapid, and quantitative technique, the microbial adhesion method to solvents (MATS), which is based on the comparison of the affinity of microbial cells for a monopolar solvent with a polar solvent. The monopolar solvent can be acid (electron acceptor) or basic (electron donor), but both solvents should have a surface tension similar to that of the Kifshitz van der Waals components. At the significant ionic strength of the biological medium, the electron donor character is well expressed for all 14 <i>Streptomyces</i> strains with very significant differences among them ranging from 0% to 72.92%. When the cells were placed in a solution with a higher ionic strength, we were able to classify the donor character results into three categories. The first category is that the weak donor character of strains A53 and A58 became more expressed at 10^-1 M KNO₃ concentration. The second category is that three strains A30, A60, and A63 expressed a weaker character in a higher ionic strength. For the other strains, no expression of the donor trait was obtained at higher ionic strength. In a suspension with a concentration of 10^-3 KNO₃, only two strains expressed an electron acceptor character. This character is very important for strains A49, A57, A58, A60, A63, and A65 at 10^-1M KNO₃. This work has shown that these properties vary greatly depending on the <i>Streptomyces</i> strain. It is important to consider the change in physicochemical properties of surface cells with ionic strength when using <i>Streptomyces</i> in different bioprocesses.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10195169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9496425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities and Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. Pod and <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L. Leaf Ethanolic Extracts on <i>Escherichia coli</i> Urinary Isolates.","authors":"Amel Ahmed Alrasheed,&nbsp;Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid,&nbsp;Wafaa Mohamed Abdalla,&nbsp;Samar Mohammed Saeed,&nbsp;Hind Haidar Ahmed","doi":"10.1155/2023/4171547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4171547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The indiscriminate use of antibacterial agents has resulted in one of the largest recent global health problems, which is the emergence of bacterial resistance. This study aimed to examine the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts of the two medicinal plants; <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> pods and <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> leaves on <i>Escherichia coli</i> urinary isolates. Both plants were extracted by absolute ethanol, and various concentrations (100, 50, 25, and 12.5 mg/ml) of the ethanolic extracts were prepared and tested against 53 urinary isolates of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i>. An antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using chloramphenicol, gentamycin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin against isolated bacteria. The antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH method. The chemical analysis of both extracts was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique. The results showed that 88.7% of the isolated bacteria were sensitive to chloramphenicol and 87% were sensitive to gentamycin, while all isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, 13% of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant (MDR). The inhibitory zone of <i>R. officinalis</i> extract against <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> ranged between 8 and 23 mm and for <i>T</i>. <i>vulgaris</i> extract ranged between 8 and 20 mm at concentrations between 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml. The MIC of both extracts against isolates is between 12.5 and 50 mg/ml, while the MBC is between 50 and 100 mg/ml. The DPPH radical scavenging potential of <i>T. vulgaris</i> was 83.09%, followed by <i>R. officinalis</i> (81.26%). The chemical analysis by GC-MS of <i>R. officinalis</i> showed that the most active compounds were: eucalyptol (18.57%), bicycloheptan (10.01%), and octahydrodibenz anthracene (7.44%) and for <i>T. vulgaris</i> the most active compounds were: thymol (5.7%), phytol (7.92%), and hexadecanoic acid (18.51%). <i>R. officinalis</i> and <i>T. vulgaris</i> ethanolic extracts possessed antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and were found to be rich natural sources of active constituents used as traditional medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10154087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9470479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary Tract Infection and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Receiving Antenatal Care at a Primary Health Care Facility in the Northern Region of Ghana.","authors":"Ezekiel K Vicar,&nbsp;Samuel E K Acquah,&nbsp;Williams Wallana,&nbsp;Eugene D Kuugbee,&nbsp;Emmanuel K Osbutey,&nbsp;Abigail Aidoo,&nbsp;Emmanuel Acheampong,&nbsp;Gloria Ivy Mensah","doi":"10.1155/2023/3727265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3727265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urinary tract infection (UTI) is frequently encountered during pregnancy and is associated with adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal effects. However, very little information is available on the prevalence of UTI among pregnant women in the northern part of Ghana, a region with a high birth rate. This study employed a cross-sectional analysis of the prevalence, antimicrobial profile, and risk factors associated with UTI in 560 pregnant women attending primary care for antenatal check-ups. Sociodemographic obstetrical history and personal hygiene information were obtained using a well-structured questionnaire. Afterward, clean catch mid-stream urine samples were collected from all participants and subjected to routine microscopy examination and culture. Of 560 pregnant women, 223 cases (39.8%) were positive for UTI. There was a statistically significant association between sociodemographic, obstetric, and personal hygiene variables and UTI (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). <i>Escherichia coli</i> (27.8%) was the commonest bacterial isolate followed by CoNS (13.5%) and <i>Proteus species</i> (12.6%). These isolates exhibited greater resistance to ampicillin (70.1-97.3%) and cotrimoxazole (48.1-89.7%) but were fairly susceptible to gentamycin and ciprofloxacin. Gram-negative resistance to meropenem was up to 25.0%, and Gram positives resistance to cefoxitin and vancomycin was up to 33.3% and 71.4% respectively. The current findings extend our knowledge of the high frequency of UTIs and associated risk factors in pregnant women with <i>E. Coli</i> being the predominant and usual isolate. Variation existed in the resistance pattern of isolates to various drugs, underscoring the need to perform urine culture and susceptibility before treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10256441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9618995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization and Mineralizing Potential of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria Colonizing Common Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) Rhizosphere in Western Kenya.","authors":"Kelvin Kiprotich,&nbsp;John Muoma,&nbsp;Dennis O Omayio,&nbsp;Tavasi S Ndombi,&nbsp;Clabe Wekesa","doi":"10.1155/2023/6668097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6668097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are a category of microbes that transform insoluble phosphates in soil into soluble forms that crops can utilize. Phosphorus in natural soils is abundant but poorly soluble. Hence, introducing PSB is a safer way of improving its solubility. The aim of this study was to genetically characterize and determine the mineralization capability of selected PSB colonizing rhizospheres of common beans in Western Kenya. Seven potential phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were isolated from various subregions of Western Kenya. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) identified the isolates. The phosphate solubilization potential of the isolates was evaluated under agar and broth medium of National Botanical Research Institute's phosphate (NBRIP) supplemented with tricalcium calcium phosphate (TCP). Identified isolates were as follows: KK3 as <i>Enterobacter mori</i>, B5 (KB5) as <i>Pseudomonas kribbensis</i>, KV1 as <i>Enterobacter asburiae</i>, KB3 as <i>Enterobacter mori,</i> KK1 as <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i>, KBU as <i>Enterobacter tabaci</i>, and KB2 as <i>Enterobacter bugandensis</i>. The strains B5 and KV1 were the most effective phosphorus solubilizers with 4.16 and 3.64 indices, respectively. The microbes converted total soluble phosphate concentration in broth medium which was 1395 and 1471 P <i>μ</i>g/mL, respectively. The least performing isolate was KBU with a 2.34 solubility index. Significant (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) differences in plant biomass for Rose coco and Mwitemania bean varieties were observed under inoculation with isolates B5 and KV1. PSB isolates found in common bean rhizospheres exhibited molecular variations and isolates B5 and KV1 are the potential in solving the insufficiency of phosphorus for sustainable crop production.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9995209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9454247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug Resistance and Plasmid Profiles of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Lebanese Broiler Farms.","authors":"Houssam Shaib,&nbsp;Paul Aoun,&nbsp;Ahmad Ghaddar,&nbsp;Hamza Al Labadi,&nbsp;Youssef Obeid","doi":"10.1155/2023/8811675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8811675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns and plasmid fingerprints of commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from Lebanese broiler chickens. To that end, a total of 30 <i>E. coli</i> isolates were collected from 15 semi-open broiler farms from North Lebanon and Bekaa Valley. Results showed that all the isolates were resistant to at least nine out of 18 evaluated antimicrobial agents. The best-performing antibiotic families were Carbapenems (Imipenem) and Quinolones (Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin) to which only 0.0 and 8.3% of the isolates were resistant, respectively. Fifteen various plasmid profiles were depicted, and all the isolates were found to possess one or multiple plasmids. The plasmid sizes varied from 1.2 to 21.0 kbp, and the most commonly detected plasmid had a size of 5.7 kbp (23.3% of the isolates). There was no significant association between the number of plasmids per isolate and resistance to a particular drug. Nevertheless, the presence of specific plasmids, namely, the 2.2 or 7.7 kbp sized ones, was strongly correlated to Quinolones or Trimethoprim resistance, respectively. Both the 7.7 and 6.8 kbp plasmids showed mild correlation to Amikacin resistance, and the 5.7 kbp plasmid was mildly correlated to Piperacillin-Tazobactam resistance. Our findings highlight the need to revise the list of antimicrobials currently used in Lebanese poultry and associate the presence of specific plasmids to antimicrobial resistance patterns in <i>E. coli</i> isolates. The revealed plasmid profiles could also serve any future epidemiological investigation of poultry disease outbreaks in the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10250091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9992393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Multidrug-Resistant Strains from Patients Attending the Referral Hospitals of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia.","authors":"Feleke Moges,&nbsp;Tadele Tamiru,&nbsp;Azanaw Amare,&nbsp;Getachew Mengistu,&nbsp;Setegn Eshetie,&nbsp;Mulat Dagnew,&nbsp;Tigist Feleke,&nbsp;Mucheye Gizachew,&nbsp;Wondwossen Abebe","doi":"10.1155/2023/3848073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3848073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) causes different types of human infections and can develop resistance to many antibiotics. There is a scarcity of data on the <i>mecA</i> gene and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain distribution of this organism in developing countries, such as Ethiopia. This study investigated the presence of <i>mecA</i> gene and MDR profile of <i>S. aureus</i> among patients attending referral hospitals of Amhara regional state.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Of the total of 110 isolates collected from Amhara regional referral hospitals, 70 MDR isolates were further processed for isolation of <i>S. aureus mecA</i> gene. Genomic DNA was isolated using a Sigma-Aldrich genomic DNA isolation kit for Gram-positive bacteria. Amplification of <i>S. aureus mecA</i> gene was performed with the amplicon size of 533 bp. Antimicrobial susceptibility test including methicillin resistance was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of the isolates were recovered from patients aged less than 5 years (51; 36.7%) and the least number of isolates was recorded in age group greater than 60 years (6; 4.3%). Most of the isolates were from blood (61; 43.9%), followed by wounds (45; 32.4%). A high resistance rate was observed in penicillin (81; 73.6%), followed by cotrimoxazole (78; 70.9%), ceftriaxone (76; 69%), erythromycin (66; 60%), and tetracycline (65; 59.1%). Phenotypically, considering cefoxitin as a surrogate marker, 38 (34.5%) of the isolates were methicillin-resistant. The overall MDR isolates were 80 (72.7%). The PCR amplification result of the <i>mecA</i> gene was 14 (20%). <i>Conclusions and Recommendations</i>. High rates of MDR and methicillin-resistant<i>S. aureus</i> were reported. PCR amplification indicated that 20% of MRSA isolates were the <i>mecA</i> gene carriers. Large-scale studies for the detection of MDR strains of <i>S. aureus</i> including MRSA using molecular techniques should be encouraged in the Amhara region.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10299872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9734928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Identification of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Nasal Carriage and Its Antibiogram among Kidney Dialysis Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in AL-Karak, Jordan.","authors":"Omar Al-Dmour,&nbsp;Rania Al-Groom,&nbsp;Ayman Alsheikh,&nbsp;Sameer Mahmoud,&nbsp;Kawther Amawi,&nbsp;Israa Yousef,&nbsp;Ayat Almaraira","doi":"10.1155/2023/9217014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9217014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is a major bacterial pathogen.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present study aimed to determine the incidence of MRSA infections among kidney dialysis patients and the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and investigate the prevalence of mecA gene among MRSA isolates.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 83 nasal sterile cotton swabs samples were obtained from hemodialysis patients from Al-Karak Governmental Hospital, Al-Karak, Jordan. Collected and cultured on nutrient agar and mannitol salt agar and incubating at 37°C for 24-48 hours, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) strains were identified by gram stain, coagulase test, and catalase tests. The MRSA isolates were tested for the presence of MecA and SCCmec genes using the Xpert SA Nasal Complete assay real-time PCR. Factors such as age and gender were included in the study. The antibiotic profile tested by using the disc diffusion method tested all MRSA isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study showed that 10.8% of the cultures' growth was <i>S. aureus</i> and 9.6% of all the patients were infected with MRSA, with no relationship between the number and frequency of MRSA according to the patient's gender or age. All MRSA (100%) isolates have both genes (MecA genes and SCCmec genes), and all samples were resistant to oxacillin, ceftazidime, cefoxitin, aztreonam, and ampicillin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MRSA prevalence was determined among kidney dialysis patients in the hospital. All positive samples were resistant to oxacillin, ceftazidime, cefoxitin, aztreonam, and ampicillin, which is a very rare finding, and this will give the scientists and doctors a dangerous indication about health-care centers in the Al-Karak city of Jordan.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10033209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9198381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and Associated Factors of HBV and HCV among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ayenew Assefa,&nbsp;Teklehaimanot Kiros,&nbsp;Birtukan Delelegn","doi":"10.1155/2023/2282673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2282673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infections with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) are worldwide problems that particularly place a heavy burden on developing nations. HBV and HCV infections during pregnancy have a high rate of vertical transmission and harmful consequences for both the mother and the child. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess the seroprevalence and associated factors of HBV and HCV infections among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 15^th to September 16^th, 2022, at the Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital antenatal care clinic. Five milliliters of venous blood were collected from 422 pregnant women selected using a simple random sampling method. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors were collected using a prestructured questionnaire. A chi-square test, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the association between dependent and independent variables. <i>p</i> values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infections was found to be 13% and 0.5%, respectively. Undertaking blood transfusion (AOR = 14.2, CI = 5.81-34.526, <i>p</i> = 0.001), tattooing (AOR = 3.99, CI = 1.1-14.36, <i>p</i> = 0.034), and dental therapy (AOR = 4.9, CI = 1.41-17.025, <i>p</i> = 0.012) were significantly associated with HBV infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HBV infection in pregnant women was shown to have a high endemicity (13%) in this investigation, whereas the seroprevalence of HCV infection was low (0.5%). HBV infection was significantly associated with a history of blood transfusions, tattooing, and dental therapy. Screening pregnant women for HBV and HCV infections and providing effective therapy would ensure better outcomes for the newborn. In addition, health education must be used to increase knowledge of screening and modes of transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10413223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10371944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predominance of OXA-48 Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales in a Moroccan Hospital.","authors":"El Mehdi Belouad,&nbsp;Elmostafa Benaissa,&nbsp;Nadia El Mrimar,&nbsp;Fatna Bssaibis,&nbsp;Adil Maleb,&nbsp;Mostafa Elouennass","doi":"10.1155/2023/8581883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8581883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) is a major concern that is increasingly reported worldwide. Our study aimed at investigating the resistance of CPE isolates in a Moroccan teaching hospital using phenotypic and genotypic methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Enterobacterales strains from March to June 2018 were collected from different clinical samples. The Enterobacterales isolates resistant to third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) and/or carbapenems were subjected to the Carba NP test and an immunochromatographic test for phenotypic detection. Detection of extended-spectrum <i>β</i>-lactamases (ESBL) was also performed following standards. Molecular screening of carbapenemases genes (OXA-48, NDM, blaKPC, blaIMP, blaVIM, and blaOXA-24, blaOXA-23, OXA-51, OXA-58) using conventional multiplex PCR assays was also performed on 143 isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Enterobacterales represented 52.7% with a proportion of 21.8% of bacteria resistant to 3GC and/or carbapenems. Within 143 isolates MDR to 3GC, <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, and <i>E. cloacae</i> represent 53.1%, 40.6%, and 6.3%, respectively. These strains were isolated mainly from urinary samples (74.8%) in patients admitted to emergency and surgical units. 81.1% of strains are producing ESBL and 29% are carbapenemase producers as confirmed by the Carba NP test, immunochromatographic test, and molecular testing. OXA-48 carriers represent 83.3% of these strains, followed by NDM with 16.7%. blaKPC, blaIMP, blaVIM, and blaOXA-24, blaOXA-23, OXA-51, OXA-58 were not detected in any of these bacteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A high rate of CPE carrying OXA-48 among Enterobacterales resistant to 3GC and/or carbapenems isolates was found. Strict observance of hospital hygiene measures and more rational use of antibiotics are mandatory. Implantation of carbapenemases detection should be encouraged in our hospital settings to estimate the true burden of the CPE.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10219769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9538778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}