International Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Acetic Acid Production from <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> Isolated from Some Agricultural Soils Collected from Selected Locations within the North Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.","authors":"Kidist Alemayehu, Tamene Milkessa Jiru, Nega Berhane","doi":"10.1155/2024/5183336","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5183336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acetic acid, a substance with numerous uses as a bulk chemical, may be produced novelty by <i>Aspergillus terreus</i>. With the newfound understanding of <i>Aspergillus</i> species catabolism of glucose, fermentation techniques for the generation of secondary metabolites like acetic acid in the Ethiopian north Gondar zone can be developed with glucose feeding and pH feedback management. Previous works done on extracting organic acids including acetic acid from filamentous fungi in Ethiopia and at the global level are scanty. Therefore, this study aimed to produce acetic acid from <i>A. terreus</i> isolated from agricultural soils in the north Gondar zone of Ethiopia using barely straw as a substrate. In the current study, <i>Aspergillus</i> isolates were obtained in the samples taken from three different locations. The isolates were screened for acetic acid production. The optimum temperature and pH for the maximum production of acetic acid by the selected isolate were also undertaken. The potential isolates were further cultured using barley straw as a local substrate. Preliminary identification of the selected isolates was based on morphological methods. Molecular characterization (amplification and sequencing of the two intergenic spacers, ITS1 and ITS2, and the intervening 5.8S gene of the ribosomal RNA) was carried out to confirm the identity of the <i>Aspergillus</i> isolates. When the isolates were screened for the production of acetic acid, an isolate from low land (isolate LL₂) had the highest yield (72.5 ± 1.65 g/l) on basal screening media. The optimum temperature and pH for the maximum production of acetic acid by this isolate were 30°C and pH 5.0. A sequence similarity of 98.5% to <i>A. terreus</i> isolate LL₂ (KIA) was obtained by comparing the <i>Aspergillus</i> isolate to a reference sequence in the GenBank using the BLAST algorithm. It can be concluded from this study that <i>A. terreus</i> isolated from agricultural soil in the north Gondar zone of Ethiopia could produce more acetic acid using barely straw as a substrate.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5183336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Florfenicol and Linezolid Resistance and Emergence of <i>optrA</i> Gene in <i>Campylobacter coli</i> Isolates from Tunisian Avian Farms.","authors":"Manel Gharbi, Rihab Tiss, Chadlia Hamdi, Safa Hamrouni, Abderrazak Maaroufi","doi":"10.1155/2024/1694745","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1694745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Campylobacter</i> species, especially <i>C. coli</i> and <i>C. jejuni</i>, have been associated with a range of human gastrointestinal diseases. During the last two decades, due to the irrational use of antibiotics in poultry farms, high rates of antimicrobial resistance have been globally reported in <i>C. coli</i> and <i>C. jejuni</i> isolates. Recently, acquired linezolid-resistance mechanisms have been reported in <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. isolates, which is a cause of concern to human health. In this study, we performed a retrospective analysis of 139 <i>C. coli</i> isolates previously collected from broilers (<i>n</i> = 41), laying hens (<i>n</i> = 53), eggs (<i>n</i> = 4), and environment (<i>n</i> = 41) to detect acquired genes implicated in linezolid resistance. Isolates were tested for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay. Chloramphenicol- and linezolid-resistant isolates were subjected to PCR screening for the following genes: <i>fexA</i>, <i>fexB</i>, <i>floR</i>, RE-<i>cmeABC</i>, <i>cfrA</i>, and <i>optrA</i>. The genetic relatedness of eight multidrug-resistant isolates was determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Among the 139 <i>C. coli</i> isolates, high rates of resistance (57.55%-100%) were detected toward nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, linezolid, and kanamycin. Among 135 chloramphenicol-resistant isolates, the <i>optrA</i>, <i>cfr</i>, <i>fexA floR</i>, RE-<i>cmeABC</i>, and <i>fexB</i> genes were detected in 124 (124/135, 91.85%), 108 (80%), 105 (77.7%), 64 (47.4%), 56 (41, 48%), and 27 (20%) isolates, respectively. In addition, the majority of isolates harbored more than one of these genes. The selected eight isolates belonged to the same sequence type ST13450, which is a new sequence type (ST), not belonging to ST828 and ST1150 complexes. In conclusion, the emergence of <i>optrA</i> gene in <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. isolates makes this genus an <i>optrA</i> reservoir and vector to other pathogens such as <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp., which is a cause of concern for human and animal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"1694745"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical Transmission of Group B <i>Streptococcus</i>, Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile among Newborns Delivered at Health Facilities in Jigjiga City, Ethiopia.","authors":"Addisu Tesfaye, Mahlet Fekede, Fasil Getu, Surafel Mekuria, Tigist Abebe, Daniel Tollosa, Shamil Barsenga, Bawlah Tahir, Abdurahman Kedir Roble, Sara Tesfaye, Muluken Walle","doi":"10.1155/2024/5673366","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5673366","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Group B &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus&lt;/i&gt; (GBS) colonizes the rectovaginal area of women and vertically transmitted to neonates. This bacterium has been linked to severe neonatal complications including pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis. GBS shows an increased resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Thus, we assessed the vertical transmission, contributing factors, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of GBS among newborns delivered at selected Hospitals in Jigjiga City.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; June 2022 to 30th April 2023. A total of 849 pregnant women admitted to delivery wards from two hospitals were screened for GBS colonization. Subsequently, 162 GBS-colonized pregnant women and their newborn babies were included. A semistructured questionnaire and a review of medical records were used to collect the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants. Trained nurses collected swab samples from the vaginal-rectal area of pregnant women and the nasal, ear canal, and umbilical areas of newborn babies. Samples were inoculated on Todd Hewitt broth media supplemented with gentamycin and nalidixic acid and then subcultured on blood agar. Colony characteristics, Gram stain, and catalase test were used for identification. All gram-positive cocci, B-hemolytic, and catalase-negative isolates were further identified using Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen and a bacitracin test. The modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with vertical transmission of GBS, and statistical significance was set at &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; values &lt;0.05.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Result: &lt;/strong&gt;The overall vertical transmission rate was 41.4% (67/162). History of preterm labor (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.11, 4.59), history of urinary tract infection (UTI) at current pregnancy (AOR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.11, 4.59), and prolonged rupture of membranes greater than 18 hours (AOR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.13, 4.4) were significantly associated with vertical transmission of GBS from previously colonized mothers to their newborn babies. Regarding GBS antibiotic susceptibility profile, a significant degree of resistance was observed to penicillin (29.9%), tetracycline (22.4%), ampicillin (20.9%), and clindamycin (19.4%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Our study documented a high prevalence of vertical transmission rate of GBS from pregnant women to their babies, with an overall transmission rate of 41.4%. The study identified the presence of antimicrobial-resistant GBS to penicillin, ampicillin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. The organism was susceptible to vancomycin, followed by azithromycin, ceftriaxone, and erythromycin. Our study also reported MDR at 13.4%. Based on our findings, there is a ","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5673366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11316908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Monolaurin against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated from Wound Infections.","authors":"Shimaa Salah Hassan Abd El-Ghany, Ahmed Farag Azmy, Ahmed Osama El-Gendy, Rehab Mahmoud Abd El-Baky, Ahmad Mustafa, Mohammed A S Abourehab, Mohamed E El-Beeh, Reham Ali Ibrahem","doi":"10.1155/2024/7518368","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7518368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is one of the major pathogens associated with life-threatening infections, showing resistance to various antibiotics. This study aimed to assess the influence of monolaurin on biofilm-forming MRSA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The agar dilution method determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of monolaurin against MRSA isolates and explored its impact on the resistance profile of selected antibiotics. The assessment of combined therapy involving monolaurin and antibiotics was conducted using fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC). The tissue culture plate strategy appraised monolaurin's antibiofilm activity and its inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀), with assessment via scanning electron microscopy. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) discerned a monolaurin effect on the expression of the <i>icaD</i> gene.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Monolaurin exhibited MIC values ranging from 500 to 2000 <i>μ</i>g/mL. FIC index showed a synergistic effect of monolaurin with <i>β</i>-lactam antibiotics ranging from 0.0039 to 0.25 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Among the 103 investigated MRSA isolates, 44 (44.7%) displayed moderate biofilm formation, while 59 (55.3%) were strong biofilm producers. Antibiofilm activity demonstrated concentration dependence, confirming monolaurin's capacity to inhibit biofilm formation and exhibited strong eradicating effects against preformed MRSA biofilms with IC₅₀ values of 203.6 <i>μ</i>g/mL and 379.3 <i>μ</i>g/mL, respectively. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed reduced cell attachments and diminished biofilm formation compared to the control. The expression levels of the <i>icaD</i> gene were remarkably reduced at monolaurin concentrations of 250 and 500 <i>μ</i>g/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Monolaurin had significant inhibitory effects on MRSA pre-existing biofilms as well as biofilm development. So, it can be employed in the treatment of severe infections, particularly those associated with biofilm formation including catheter-associated infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7518368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11315973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Busting the Resistance: Antimicrobial Activity of Plant-Infused Nanoemulsions against <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>.","authors":"Deshanta Naicker, Rowen Govender, Nathlee S Abbai","doi":"10.1155/2024/7084347","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7084347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The escalating antibiotic resistance rates in <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (<i>N. gonorrhoeae</i>) are now a grave concern. There is a critical need for alternative treatment options for infection since <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics used for treatment. In this study, plant nanoemulsions from <i>Ocimum tenuiflorum</i>, <i>Moringa oleifera</i>, and <i>Azadirachta indica</i> were tested for their antimicrobial properties against <i>N. gonorrhoeae.</i> The study also assessed the toxicity of these plant nanoemulsions using human erythrocytes. The plants were sourced from the Botanical Gardens in Durban, South Africa. Nanoemulsions were produced from the dried plants using established methods. The nanoemulsion-based plant extracts were tested against laboratory (World Health Organization (WHO) strains) and clinical isolates of <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> using the disk diffusion method. All six isolates had zones of inhibition for the 1000 <i>μ</i>M concentration for all three nanoemulsion-based plant extracts. No zones of inhibition were observed for 100 <i>μ</i>M, 10 <i>μ</i>M, and 1 <i>μ</i>M nanoemulsion concentrations for five of the isolates. Isolate G176 had zones of inhibition at 1000 <i>μ</i>M and 100 <i>μ</i>M concentrations for the nanoemulsions of <i>Ocimum tenuiflorum</i>. Both the WHO strains had zones of inhibition appearing at the 1000 <i>μ</i>M concentration. For the WHO Y strain, zones of inhibition for both 1000 <i>μ</i>M and 100 <i>μ</i>M concentrations were observed for the nanoemulsions of <i>Ocimum tenuiflorum</i> and <i>Azadirachta indica</i>. According to the analysis, there was 0% haemolytic activity observed which suggests the nontoxic nature of the extracts. This study showed that the nanoemulsion and plant mix may potentially be used as a safer alternative to treat gonorrhoea.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7084347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11303057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic and Morphological Aspects of Adaptation of Alkaliphilic <i>Bacillus aequororis</i> 5-DB and Alkali-Tolerant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ATCC 6633 to Changes in pH and Mineralization.","authors":"Yuliya Maksimova, Ann Eliseeva, Aleksandr Maksimov","doi":"10.1155/2024/3087296","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3087296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The goal of the study is to evaluate metabolic and morphological changes of the facultative alkaliphile <i>Bacillus aequororis</i> 5-DB and the weakly alkali-resistant <i>B. subtilis</i> ATCC 6633 in a wide pH range and at different NaCl concentrations. The alkaliphile <i>B. aequororis</i> 5-DB is shown to have a broader general resistance to adverse factors (wide pH range, 50 g/L NaCl) than a weakly alkali-tolerant strain of the same genus. This alkaliphile is also shown to have a significantly greater resistance not only to high pH but also to low pH in comparison with <i>B. subtilis</i> ATCC 6633. The resistance of <i>B. aequororis</i> 5-DB to low pH was expressed in higher metabolic activity, maintenance of ΔpH, and no significant cell damage. The selected set of methods (reduction of resazurin to resorufin by cell dehydrogenases, bioluminescent method for determining ATP, AFM, and measurement of intracellular pH) allows us to adequately assess the ability of microbial cells to withstand harsh environmental factors. Nonspecific resistance of <i>B. aequororis</i> 5-DB was proven using a complex of selected methods. Tolerance to a wide range of pH and high salt concentrations may be useful for biotechnological applications of the strain.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"3087296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11288695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and Screening of Cellulolytic Microorganisms from Mangrove Forests, Natural Parks, Paddy Field, and Sugarcane Plantation in Panay Island, Philippines.","authors":"Isabel Grace T Gatpatan, Rhudith B Cabulong, Resurreccion B Sadaba","doi":"10.1155/2024/5573158","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5573158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cellulolytic microorganisms secrete cellulase, which plays a crucial role in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added products with diverse applications in industries, such as biofuel, healthcare, and agriculture. As the world transitions to a bioenergy future, cellulase demand is likely to expand. However, the high cost and low catalytic activity of cellulase hinder the commercialization of biorefineries. Searching for cellulase-producing microorganisms in different environments through bioprospecting can aid in broadening the range of cellulases that are currently available. Meanwhile, the cellulolytic activity of marine microorganisms remains largely unexplored, making it difficult to compare the cellulolytic activity of terrestrial and marine environments. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the diversity and activity of culturable cellulolytic microorganisms in four terrestrial and three marine sites within Panay Island, Philippines. The results showed that the cellulolytic microbial load was tenfold higher in the terrestrial sites than in the marine sites, possibly due to the dynamic mangrove environment. Out of the 42 isolates with a high cellulolytic index (CI) of ≥3.0, 36 were from terrestrial and 6 from marine habitats. The CMCase, Avicelase, and FPase activities were then tested on the 18 isolates with the highest CI. It was observed that many isolates had a high CI, but few exhibited high enzyme activities. Marine isolates showed higher CMCase and Avicelase activities, with comparable FPase activity to their terrestrial counterparts. Isolates S1ACP6B from a sugarcane field and MS1OMP2A from a mangrove site exhibited the highest cellulase activities at 0.41 and 0.29 U/mg, respectively, and were identified as <i>Enterobacter roggenkampii</i> and <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i>, respectively. Among the 18 identified isolates, three are resistant to chloramphenicol and three isolates are potentially new species of <i>Halomonas</i> sp. MS1ACP1B, <i>Albirhodobacter</i> sp. MP2ACP3B, and <i>Saccharomycetaceae</i> sp. B1CZP10A. Overall, this study provides an insight on the composition of cellulolytic microbial load and their activities among various habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5573158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11288694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neem Essential Oil as an Antifungal Agent against <i>Phyllosticta citricarpa</i>.","authors":"Joyce Maria Schuch, Carolina Rosai Mendes, Guilherme Lopes Cardoso, Carlos André da Veiga Lima Rosa Costamilan, Paulo Renato Matos Lopes, Renato Nallin Montagnolli, Guilherme Dilarri, Ederio Dino Bidoia","doi":"10.1155/2024/6251407","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6251407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fungus <i>Phyllosticta citricarpa</i> is a quarantine phytopathogen responsible for causing citrus black spot (CBS) disease. To export fruits to CBS-free countries, they must undergo a sanitation process to ensure disease control. In this study, neem essential oil (NEO) was tested against <i>P. citricarpa</i> for the first time as an alternative sanitizer. <i>In vitro</i> experiments were conducted to determine the inhibition concentration of NEO for <i>P. citricarpa</i>, and the mode of action of the essential oil was evaluated. <i>In vivo</i> assays were performed to simulate the sanitization process used in packinghouses. NEO was characterized by GC-MS/MS. The results revealed that NEO at 100 <i>μ</i>L·mL^-1 exhibited a similar inhibitory effect as copper oxychloride, suppressing 89.68 ± 1.14% of fungal mycelium growth. Fluorescence microscopy experiments demonstrated that NEO functions by disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane of fungal hyphae, leading to their death within 30 minutes of contact with NEO. GC-MS/MS characterization revealed a high presence of phenolic compounds, which serve as the primary antifungal agents responsible for the action against fungal hyphae. <i>In vivo</i> assays showed that NEO at 100 <i>μ</i>L·mL^-1 also reduced microorganisms (CFU mL^-1) by 93.00 ± 3.88% compared to the negative control. Overall, the results demonstrate that NEO can effectively serve as an alternative sanitizer against <i>P. citricarpa</i> in citrus packinghouses. Our findings allow future studies to explore the use of NEO for sanitizing other fruits and combating different phytopathogens to broaden its potential application in fruit sanitation for export.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6251407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11281856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Findings, Salivary Copper, Magnesium, and Leptin in Type II Diabetic Patients in Relation to Oral <i>Candida</i> Species.","authors":"Mohammed Jasim Mohammed, Abbas S Al-Mizraqchi, Salah M Ibrahim","doi":"10.1155/2024/8177437","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8177437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes is a condition in which the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin, leading to reduced insulin production in the pancreas. It has genetic- and family-related risk factors that cannot be changed, along with modifiable lifestyle factors. The precise genetic causes of type 2 diabetes are still unknown. However, individuals can potentially slow or stop the progression of the condition by making dietary adjustments and increasing physical activity levels. <i>Material and Methods</i>. Forty-five type II diabetic patients in the study included participants between 40 and 60 years old, with a minimum duration of one year, as well as 45 healthy control subjects who were matched in terms of age and sex, and had no underlying systemic diseases. Oral examination is done for the symptoms including burning sensation, candidiasis, and a reduction in the production of saliva. The rate of saliva flow (in milliliters per minute) was measured in samples of saliva that were not stimulated. The salivary trace elements and levels of adipocytokines were evaluated using colorimetric and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (ELISA) testing. The quantification of <i>Candida</i> colony numbers, an enrichment and culture approach, was used to achieve a concentration of 100,000 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml). The ShowNovo WG1 halimeter was used to measure volatile sulfur compounds in breath. The salivary glucose oxidase assay was conducted using a colorimetric technique, while the determination of trace elements was also performed using a colorimetric assay method.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The diabetic group exhibited a significant increase in the number of <i>Candida</i> spp colonies due to elevated levels of glucose in the saliva (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, the variables being examined, such as body mass index (BMI), burning mouth syndrome (BMS), salivary flow rate (SFR), salivary leptin, salivary copper, and salivary magnesium, did not exhibit any significant variations in quantities between the diabetic and healthy groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data collected in this research aid in the creation of a preventative program for oral fungal infections in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The program utilizes saliva and its constituents.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8177437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11281854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Bloodstream Infection-Suspected Patients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Minichil Worku, Tigist Molla, Desie Kasew, Muluneh Assefa, Alene Geteneh, Melak Aynalem, Mucheye Gizachew, Sirak Biset","doi":"10.1155/2024/7624416","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7624416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) are the leading cause of sepsis-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria is also a growing global concern. As a result, data on bacterial profile and their antibiogram are essential for strategies to contain drug resistance, improve the quality of patient care, and strengthen health systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective data from bacteriological results of blood samples of BSI-suspected patients from 2018 to 2021 were collected using a data collection sheet. Standard bacteriological techniques were followed during sample collection, culture preparation, bacterial identification, and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). We used Epi Info version 7 to enter and clean the data and then exported it to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Logistic regression models were used to measure the association between variables. A <i>p</i> value <0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was considered as statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Of the total 2,795 blood culture records, 455 (16.3%) were culture positive for bacteria, with <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (26%) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (24.6%) being the leading isolates. The isolates were highly resistant to common antibiotics, with more than 80% of them being resistant to ceftriaxone and penicillin. Moreover, about 43% of isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR), with <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (65.5%), <i>Acinetobacter</i> species (56.7%), and <i>Citrobacter</i> species (53.8%) being the most common MDR isolates. Age and diagnosis year were significantly associated with the presence of bacterial BSIs (<i>p</i> value <0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bacterial BSI and AMR were growing concerns in the study area. Bacteremia was more common in children under the age of five, and it decreased as the patient's age increased. The alarming rate of AMR, such as MDR blood isolates, calls for periodic and continuous monitoring of antibiotic usage in the study area.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7624416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11250713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141626657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}