International Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Review on Desirable Microbial Phytases as a Poultry Feed Additive: Their Sources, Production, Enzymatic Evaluation, Market Size, and Regulation.","authors":"Olyad Erba Urgessa, Rufael Koyamo, Hunduma Dinka, Ketema Tefese, Mesfin Tafesse Gemeda","doi":"10.1155/2024/9400374","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9400374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poultry's digestive tract lacks hydrolytic phytase enzymes, which results in chelation of dietary minerals, vital amino acids, proteins, and carbohydrates, phytate-phosphate unavailability, and contamination of the environment due to phosphorus. Therefore, it is necessary to use exogenous microbial phytases as feed additive to chicken feed to catalyze the hydrolysis of dietary phytate. Potential sources of microbial isolates that produce desired phytases for chicken feed supplementation have been isolated from agricultural croplands. It is achievable to isolate phytase-producing bacteria isolates using both broth and agar phytase screening media. Potential substrates for submerged fermentation (SmF) for bacterial phytase production and solid-state fermentation (SSF) for fungal phytase production include rice and wheat bran. Following fermentation, saturated ammonium sulphate precipitation is typically used to partially purify microbial culture filtrate. The precipitate is then desalted. Measurements of the pH optimum and stability, temperature optimum and stability, metal ions stability, specificity and affinity to target substrate, proteolysis resistance, storage stability, and in vitro feed dephosphorylation are used to perform an enzymatic evaluation of phytase as an additive for poultry feed. The growth of the feed phytase market is primarily due to the expansion of chicken farms to meet the demand for meat and eggs from humans. The Food and Drug Administration in the USA and the European Food and Safety Authority are primarily in charge of putting rules pertaining to feed phytase use in chicken feed into effect. Conclusively, important components of the production of phytase additives for poultry feed include identifying a reliable source for potential microbe isolation, selecting an economical method of phytase production, thoroughly characterizing the biochemical properties of phytase, and comprehending the size and regulation of the current feed phytase market.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9400374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11221984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141497956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Phytochemical Compositions, Antioxidant Activity, and Nutritional Potentials of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms.","authors":"Mohammed Al Qutaibi, Suresh R Kagne","doi":"10.1155/2024/6660423","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6660423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mushrooms are a valuable source of food and medicine that have been used for centuries in various cultures. They contain a variety of phytochemicals, such as terpenoids and polysaccharides, that exhibit diverse biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antidiabetic effects. However, mushroom's phytochemical composition and bioactivity vary depending on their species, cultivation conditions, processing methods, and extraction techniques. Therefore, using reliable analytical methods and standardized protocols is important for systematically evaluating the quality and quantity of mushroom phytochemicals and their therapeutic potential. This review provides a bibliometric analysis of the recent literature on biological activities, highlights trends in the field, and highlights the countries and journals with the highest contribution. It also discusses the nutritional value of the total content of phenolic and other phytochemicals in some species of mushrooms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6660423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11152763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Colistin: Extended Application of Novel Quantitative and Morphologic Assay Using Scanning Electron Microscopy.","authors":"Omar Zmerli, Sara Bellali, Gabriel Haddad, Rim Iwaza, Akiko Hisada, Erino Matsumoto, Yusuke Ominami, Didier Raoult, Jacques Bou Khalil","doi":"10.1155/2024/8917136","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8917136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colistin (Polymyxin E) has reemerged in the treatment of MDR Gram-negative infections. Traditional Colistin AST methods have long turnaround times and are cumbersome for routine use. We present a SEM-AST technique enabling rapid detection of Colistin resistance through direct observation of morphological and quantitative changes in bacteria exposed to Colistin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-four Gram-negative reference organisms were chosen based on their Colistin susceptibility profiles. Bacterial suspensions of ∼10⁷ CFU/mL were exposed to Colistin at EUCAST-ECOFF, with controls not exposed, incubated at 37°C, and then sampled at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. Phosphotungstic Acid (PTA) staining was applied, followed by SEM imaging using Hitachi TM4000PlusII-Tabletop-SEM at ×2000, ×5000 and ×7000 magnifications. Bacterial viability analysis was performed for all conditions by quantifying viable and dead organisms based on PTA-staining and morphologic changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified a significant drop in the percentage of viable organisms starting 30 minutes after exposure in susceptible strains, as compared to nonsignificant changes in resistant strains across all tested organisms. The killing effect of Colistin was best observed after 120 minutes of incubation with the antibiotic, with significant changes in morphologic features, including bacterial inflation, fusion, and lysis, observed as early as 30 minutes. Our observation matched the results of the gold standard-based broth microdilution method.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We provide an extended application of the proof of concept for the utilization of the SEM-AST assay for Colistin for a number of clinically relevant bacterial species, providing a rapid and reliable susceptibility profile for a critical antibiotic.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8917136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11144066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inoculation of Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Can Improve Growth in Vegetable Crops.","authors":"Sara Gebreslassie, Mulissa Jida, Mariana Laura Puente, Fernanda Covacevich, Zerihun Belay","doi":"10.1155/2024/9226715","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9226715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and some rhizobacteria are known as plant growth-promoting microorganism (PGPM) as they play significant roles in improving soil fertility structure, plant nutrition, growth, and health. However, little is known about the PGPM potential of AMF and rhizobacteria native to the Rift Valley and highland regions of Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the PGPM effect of single and co-inoculation of AMF and the <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ALCR46 strain, on tomato (<i>Lycopersicum esculentum</i> L.), onion (<i>Allium cepa</i> L.), and squash (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i> L.) plants. The experimental setup was a randomized complete block design with three replications of the following treatments: (i) inoculation with a consortium of AMF, (ii) co-inoculation with a consortium of AMF and the <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, (iii) inoculation with <i>Rhizophagus clarus</i>, (iv) co-inoculation with <i>R. clarus</i> and <i>B. subtilis</i>, (v) inoculation with <i>B. subtilis</i>, (vi) plants without inoculation (negative control), and (vii) plants treated with chemical fertilizer (positive control). Plants were maintained in a greenhouse for 60 days, and after harvest, plant growth parameters, percentage of AMF root colonization, and spore number were analyzed. The result shows that the growth of crops significantly increased by co-inoculation with the consortium of AMF and <i>B. subtilis</i>. AMF spore density and root colonization rate were also increased in co-inoculated plants. Highest root colonization, spore number, and mycorrhizal dependency were observed in <i>A. cepa</i>. Our results suggest that there is a synergistic effect between the AMF and <i>B. subtilis</i> ALCR46, and between AMF inoculants. However, the application of present findings under field conditions is required to be confirmed by further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9226715"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11093691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140922144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of the <i>Bacillus</i> SecYEG Pathway in Biosurfactant Production and Biofilm Formation.","authors":"Frédéric Yannick Okouakoua, Christian Aimé Kayath, Saturnin Nicaise Mokemiabeka, David Charles Roland Moukala, Moïse Doria Kaya-Ongoto, Etienne Nguimbi","doi":"10.1155/2024/6627190","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6627190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With <i>Bacillus</i> species, about 30% of extracellular proteins are translocated through the cytoplasmic membrane, coordinated by the Sec translocase. This system mainly consists of the cytoplasmic ATPase SecA and the membrane-embedded SecYEG channel. The purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of the SecYEG export system on the production of industrial biomolecules, such as biosurfactants, proteases, amylases, and cellulases. Fifty-two isolates of <i>Bacillus</i> species were obtained from traditional fermented foods and then characterized using molecular microbiology methods. The isolates secreted exoenzymes that included cellulases, amylases, and proteases. We present evidence that a biosurfactant-like molecule requires the SecA ATPase and the SecYEG membrane channel for its secretion. In addition, we showed that biomolecules involved in biofilm formation required the SecYEG pathway. This work presents a novel seven-target fragment multiplex PCR assay capable of identification at the species level of <i>Bacillus</i> through a unique SecDF chromosomal gene. The bacterial membrane protein SecDF allowed the discrimination of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>B. licheniformis</i>, <i>B. amyloliquefaciens,</i> and <i>B. sonorensis</i>. SecA was able to interact with AprE, AmyE, and TasA. The Rose Bengal inhibitor of SecA crucially affected the interaction of AprE, AmyE, TapA, and TasA with recombinant Gst-SecA. The Rose Bengal prevented <i>Bacillus</i> species from secreting and producing proteases, cellulases, amylases, and biosurfactant-like molecules. It also inhibited the formation of biofilm cell communities. The data support, for the first time, that the SecYEG translocon mediates the secretion of a biosurfactant-like molecule.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6627190"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11081756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Respiratory Bacterial Findings on Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis.","authors":"Hyun Kyu Cho, Seong Mi Moon, Hyoung-Tae Kim, Beomsu Shin","doi":"10.1155/2024/1329884","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1329884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Distinct bacterial strains may affect the prognosis of patients with chronic respiratory diseases. However, little is known about the clinical significance of respiratory bacteria in patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), a progressive and debilitating disease caused by <i>Aspergillus</i> spp.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to analyze data obtained from CPA patients and their sputum or bronchial washing samples and investigate the prevalence and composition of respiratory bacteria and clinical implications. <i>Patients and Methods</i>. We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients diagnosed with CPA between March 2019 and February 2023 in a tertiary referral hospital. We assessed the clinical characteristics and overall and pneumonia-specific survival rates of patients with CPA based on the presence of bacteria. <i>Results and Conclusion</i>s. We included 142 patients with CPA. The most commonly identified bacteria were <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (22.5%), followed by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (21.8%) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (4.2%). Patients with isolated bacteria had a higher prevalence of older age, female sex, diabetes, and a history of extrathoracic malignancy than those without isolated bacteria (<i>P</i> = 0.024, 0.013, 0.021, and 0.034, respectively). Furthermore, over a median follow-up of 11 (4-21) months, the pneumonia-specific mortality rate was 13.4% (19/142), which was higher in patients with isolated bacteria than in those without (<i>P</i> = 0.045, log-rank test). Particularly, patients with the presence of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> had a significantly higher mortality rate from pneumonia than those without the presence of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.34; <i>P</i> = 0.015). In conclusion, CPA patients with isolated bacteria, especially <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, showed higher mortality rates due to pneumonia. Performing tests to identify bacteria in the lower respiratory tract of patients with CPA may be helpful in predicting future prognosis. Further studies are required to validate these findings in diverse ethnic groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"1329884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11074846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial- and Plant-Derived Bioactive Peptides and Their Applications against Foodborne Pathogens: Current Status and Future Prospects.","authors":"Anowar Khasru Parvez, Fatema Tuz Jubyda, Mohammed Ayaz, Amily Sarker, Nabila Haque, Md Shahriar Khan, Taslin Jahan Mou, Md Atikur Rahman, Md Amdadul Huq","doi":"10.1155/2024/9978033","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9978033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioactive peptides (BAPs) obtained from plants and microbes have been thoroughly explored and studied due to their prophylactic properties. The use of BAPs seems to be a promising substitute for several currently available antibiotics because of their antimicrobial properties against foodborne pathogens. BAPs have several other useful properties including antitumor, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antiobesity, and antidiabetic activities. Nowadays, scientists have attempted to recombinantly synthesize bioactive peptides to study their characteristics and potential uses, since BAPs are not found in large quantities in nature. Many pathogenic microorganisms including foodborne pathogens are becoming resistant to various antibiotics. To combat these pathogens, scientists are working to find novel, innovative, and safe antimicrobial agents. Plant- and microbe-based BAPs have demonstrated noteworthy antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms, including foodborne pathogens. BAPs can kill pathogenic microorganisms by disrupting membrane integrity, inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis, preventing protein synthesis, blocking protein activity, or interacting with certain intracellular targets. In addition, the positive effect of BAP consumption extends to gut microbiota modulation and affects the equilibrium of reactive oxygen species in the gut. This article discusses recombinant BAPs, BAPs generated from plants and microbes, and their antimicrobial applications and modes of action for controlling foodborne pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9978033"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11074716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full-Length Genome Sequencing and Analysis of Hepatitis B Viruses Isolated from Iraqi Patients.","authors":"Yaseen I Mamoori, Ibrahim A Ahmed, Ayhan R Mahmood, Safaa A Al-Waysi","doi":"10.1155/2024/6826495","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6826495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes liver diseases (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma) and is a leading health problem worldwide. Sequencing of the whole HBV genome provides insight into the virus genotype, subgenotype, serotype, genetic variation, and viral drug resistance. To date, no study has been conducted on the whole genome sequence of HBV obtained from Iraqi patients. Therefore, this is the first study to sequence clinical samples from these patients. Viral genomic DNA was isolated and amplified using five primer sets to amplify five overlapping regions covering the entire HBV genome. The amplicons were sequenced, aligned to a reference sequence, annotated, and submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information GenBank database. Sequence analysis showed that the genome size of the tested viral samples was 3,182 bp and belonged to genotype D, subgenotype D1, and serotype ayw2. Missense mutations were found in the four regions (X, PreS1-S, PreC-C, and P) of the tested samples, leading to amino acid substitutions, which were 8.4%, 5.1%, 4.7%, and 4.6%, respectively. These mutations may cause severe liver diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6826495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11074772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of <i>Salmonella</i> from Poultry Farms and In-Contact Humans and Associated Risk Factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","authors":"Aberaw Akalu, Tekalign Tadesse, Haile Alemayehu, Girmay Medhin, Desalegn Woldeyohannes, Tadesse Eguale","doi":"10.1155/2024/4227460","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4227460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poultry and poultry products are the common sources of <i>Salmonella,</i>which is one of the serious food-borne bacterial diseases in humans. Little is known about the status of <i>Salmonella</i> and their antimicrobial susceptibility in poultry farms in Addis Ababa. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of <i>Salmonella</i> isolates and to investigate possible risk factors for the occurrence of <i>Salmonella</i> in poultry farms in Addis Ababa. We recruited 58 poultry farms, from which 471 poultry-related samples and 44 stool samples from in-contact humans were collected. The isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 11 antimicrobials using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay. The farm-level prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> was 36.2% and the sample-level prevalence was 6.4% for samples taken from poultry farms and 4.5% in human stool samples who have contact with poultry. On-farm waste disposal practices and chicken being purchased from different multiplication farms were significantly associated with <i>Salmonella</i> positivity of the farms (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Eleven (34.4%) <i>Salmonella</i> isolates were resistant to streptomycin, and nine (28.1%) were resistant to tetracycline. Thirteen (40.6%) <i>Salmonella</i> isolates were resistant to two or more antimicrobials tested in this study, whereas resistance to 3 or more antimicrobials was detected in seven (21.9%) isolates. In conclusion, a high prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> and a high rate of resistance to multiple antimicrobials were detected in poultry farms in Addis Ababa. Hence, implementation of strong biosecurity measures and rational use of antimicrobials are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"4227460"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11102108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absence of Tuberculosis-Causing <i>Mycobacteria</i> from Slaughtered Livestock Tissues and Environmental Samples, Gauteng Province, South Africa.","authors":"Vuyokazi Mareledwane, Abiodun A Adesiyun, Tiny M Hlokwe","doi":"10.1155/2024/4636652","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4636652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex (MTBC) is a group of bacteria responsible for causing tuberculosis in animals and humans. In South Africa (S.A), slaughterhouses are registered by the government and closely inspected and audited for hygienic slaughter practices. Meat inspection to detect lesions has been used for passive surveillance, monitoring, and diagnosis of the disease status. Information on the current status of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in livestock in the country is limited. Hence, we investigated the occurrence of <i>Mycobacterium</i> spp. in the tissues of slaughtered livestock and environmental samples in abattoirs in Gauteng province of South Africa (S.A). The cross-sectional study employing random sampling from cattle, pigs, and sheep (with the collection of liver, lung, spleen, and different lymph nodes) irrespective of lesions was carried out in 19 red meat abattoirs. Five hundred animals were sampled, comprising cattle (<i>n</i> = 369), pigs (<i>n</i> = 90), and sheep (<i>n</i> = 41). Additionally, 19 environmental samples were collected from feedlots, or where animals drink water while awaiting slaughter, to identify mycobacterial species using culture, acid-fast bacteria staining, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used to detect statistically significant differences in the frequency of detection of <i>Mycobacterium</i> spp. according to the variables investigated (types of tissues, livestock, abattoirs, etc.). The PCR assays detected no MTBC complex species DNA in the bacterial isolates from cattle (<i>n</i> = 32). Sequence analysis (16S rDNA) of the isolates from eight cattle confirmed only two species, namely <i>Mycobacterium colombiense</i> (99.81% identity) and <i>Mycobacterium simiae</i> (99.42% identity). The remaining isolates were identified as members of the <i>Actinomadura</i> species. From the environmental samples, bacterial isolation was made from three samples, and two could only be identified up to the genus level (<i>Mycobacterium</i> species) while the remaining isolate was identified as <i>Mycobacterium senuense</i> (99.22% identity). The study revealed the absence of bovine tuberculosis-causing pathogens in red meat abattoirs of the Gauteng province. Although non-tuberculous <i>Mycobacteria</i> have been implicated as potentially causing tuberculosis-like diseases in livestock, their occurrence in the current study was found to be low, but the potential to cause disease cannot be ignored.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"4636652"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10959579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140206837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}