Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Exploring barriers and facilitators to water availability and accessibility, and potential strategies for improving water accessibility and children's intake in family childcare homes: a qualitative study.","authors":"Kim M Gans, Violeta Chacón, Sarah Wen Warykas, Madeline Baird, Vanessa Esquivel, Suge Zhang, Alison Tovar, Snehaa Ray, Naomi Inman, Peter McCauley, Viviana C Zambrano Rodriguez, Michelle Miller, Nathaniel Stekler, Patricia Markham Risica","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1442070","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1442070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children in the U.S. drink too little water and too much juice and sugar sweetened beverages. Inadequate access to drinking water in locations where children spend substantial time, like family childcare homes (FCCH) could play a role in low child water intake. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore barriers and facilitators to water availability and accessibility in FCCH, and determine potential strategies for facilitating water accessibility and children's intake in FCCH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted virtual interviews, in Spanish and/or English, with family child care providers (FCCP) from Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Massachusetts. Interviews were conducted by University of Connecticut graduate students, including two who were fluent in Spanish and English. These were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and translated to English. We conducted a deductive analysis using <i>a priori</i> themes. Additional codes were developed and applied to capture emerging themes from the qualitative data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty FCCP (100% identified as female; 50% as Latina) participated in the interviews. FCCP barriers to water availability at FCCH included focus on other beverages, e.g., milk; confusion with the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) guidelines regarding water, and concerns about: water quality, mess, children eating enough food/milk, bathroom accidents, and cost for filters/bottled water. Barriers to children drinking water included: children not liking or preferring water, parental preferences/role modeling, and parental concerns about water quality. Suggested potential strategies to facilitate water access and intake included water filters to ensure safe water access, self-serving stations and water bottles to encourage autonomy among children, and incorporating water into daily routines. Participants also favored materials and activities to educate and encourage children to drink water and to keep track of their intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that interventions to increase water consumption at FCCH should provide resources to guarantee safe water access to children, encourage children to drink water, and help clarify misperceptions and confusion around CACFP beverage guidelines. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to provide education and water access resources to FCCP and families on improving child water access, availability and intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1442070"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure modification of luteolin and the influence of its derivatives on biological activities.","authors":"Lingyang Kong, Wei Wu, Chenliang Li, Lengleng Ma, Junbai Ma, Meitong Pan, Shan Jiang, Weili Liu, Jiao Xu, Wei Ma","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1546932","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1546932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This research aims to synthesize luteolin derivatives from hemp seeds by means of chemical synthesis, improve the synthesis process, simplify the procedure, and increase the yield to obtain new luteolin derivatives. Additionally, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of hemp seed extracts and newly synthesized substances are tested to screen out substances with high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using luteolin as the raw material, acetyl, propionyl, and butyryl groups are introduced into the molecular structure of luteolin. A one-pot synthesis method is employed to modify the hydroxyl groups at positions 5, 7, 3', and 4' to obtain six new luteolin acyl derivatives. The molar ratio of reaction conditions is 1:4. Pyridine (20 mL) is used as the solvent, and the reaction is carried out at 25°C and 110°C. Exploring the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of luteolin and its derivatives by establishing a psoriasis model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The products are separated and purified by column chromatography and recrystallization, and six new luteolin acyl derivatives were synthesized: namely, 7,3',4'-tri-O-acetylated luteolin (A), 7,3',4'-tri-O-propionylated luteolin (B), 7,3',4'-tri-O-butyrylated luteolin (C), 5,7,3',4'-tetra-O-acetylated luteolin (D), 5,7,3',4'-tetra-O-propionylated luteolin (E), and 5,7,3',4'-tetra-O-butyrylated luteolin (F). By establishing a psoriasis like mouse model, the results showed that luteolin and its derivatives have good therapeutic effects on inflammation and antioxidation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Six new acyl derivatives of luteolin were synthesized through structural modification, which improved their solubility and bioavailability. In the psoriasismodel, it has been proven that acyl derivatives of luteolin have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and have a relieving effect on psoriasis.Provide theoretical basis and potential treatment strategies for the future treatment of psoriasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1546932"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Dendrobium huoshanense</i> C. Z. Tang and S. J. Cheng can be prepared as a food with the ability to prevent and treat hyperuricaemia.","authors":"Qing Hao, Lin Jiang, Jun Ma, Huikai Wang, Ying Liu, Qichang Xu, Songze Li, Song Han, Qiusheng Zheng, Xiangcheng Fan, Jichun Han","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1518014","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1518014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hyperuricemia (HUA) is the presence of excessive uric acid (UA) in blood, which leads to an increased risk of chronic kidney disease and gout. There are about 120 million hyperuricemia patients in China, which has surpassed diabetes as the second largest chronic disease.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypouricemic effects of <i>Dendrobium huoshanense</i> C. Z. Tang and S. J. Cheng (DH), and provide a basis for its development into anti HUA products.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study established a mouse HUA model by gavage of potassium oxonate (PIO) and hypoxanthine (HX), and treated with DH to investigate the therapeutic effect of DH on hyperuricemia. Use a biochemical assay kit to detect changes in the levels of UA, creatinine (Cr), and urea nitrogen (BUN) in mouse serum; Use ELISA kit to detect the activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD) in serum; Untargeted Metabolomics analysis was performed on the serum of each group of mice using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This study recruited 23 HUA volunteers, volunteers drank 0.5 g DH daily for four consecutive weeks, with serum UA levels measured once a week.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Animal experiments have shown that DH has therapeutic effects on HUA, mainly manifested as: DH effectively reduces the levels of UA, Cr, and BUN in the serum of HUA mice, lowers XOD activity in the serum, and alleviates kidney tissue and glomerular damage. Metabolomics analysis showed that there were 306 significant differences in metabolites between the Sham group, HUA model group, and DH group. Pathway analysis of these differential metabolites revealed that they were mainly involved in pyrimidine metabolism, histidine metabolism, and riboflavin metabolism. Clinical research results show that after drinking DH, UA levels in HUA volunteers significantly decreased, and most HUA volunteers' UA levels decreased to normal levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DH has the effect of preventing and treating hyperuricemia, and it belongs to the same class of traditional Chinese medicine as medicine and food, with extremely low toxicity and high safety. Therefore, DH is suitable for preparation as a product for preventing and treating HUA in functional food and other products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1518014"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nourishing the evidence: exposing bias and filling gaps in isocaloric intermittent fasting research-An opinion.","authors":"Mohammed Hamsho, Wijdan Shkorfu, Yazan Ranneh, Abdulmannan Fadel","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1563017","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1563017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1563017"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of proteomics and transcriptomics reveals novel mechanism underlying the antibacterial activity and immune-enhancing properties of horse milk.","authors":"Xueshan Chen, Kawuli Gulbahar, Haiyan Ding, Changhong Nie, Xiaoli Gao","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1512669","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1512669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Horse milk is a highly valuable organic food that is a promising alternative to cow milk, exhibiting plenty of healthy and immune benefits to human. However, identification of proteins associated human wellness and underlying molecular mechanism in horse milk remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Label-free mass spectrometry-based protein quantification technology was employed to investigate protein composition of animal milk, including cow, goat, camel and horse milk. Prokaryotic expression and disk diffusion assay were applied to acquire and evaluate <i>in vitro</i> antimicrobial activity of candidate proteins. RAW264.7 macrophage model cell line was used to validate effect of proteins on cytotoxicity, apoptosis and immune induction. ROS probe detected cell ROS change and RT-qPCR verified expression of immune response genes induced by proteins. Microscopy was used to observe the effects of protein on the morphological characteristics of bacteria, further transcriptome analysis was performed to investigate transcriptional changes of bacteria induced by candidate proteins.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,335 proteins was identified in cow, goat, camel and horse milk. GO enrichment analysis showed that the proteins related to protein degradation were highly expressed in horse milk compared to other three types of milk, contributing to easier assimilation and palatability. KEGG analysis showed that horse milk contained abundant antimicrobial associated proteins relevant to pathogenic bacterial resistance, leading to the decreased risk of pathogenic diseases. A higher accumulation of proteins associated with caffeine metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in horse milk contributes to its distinctive flavor. Notably, highly expressed proteins in horse milk were closely linked to immune signaling pathways, functioning as immune modulators. Importantly, we identified four highly expressed antimicrobial associated proteins in horse milk including LPO, B2M, CD14 and PGL, among them, PGL functioned dually by <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial activity and immune activation. Further transcriptome analysis demonstrated that PGL exerted significant transcriptional changes to bacteria. Enrichment analysis showed PGL could inhibit growth of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>E. coli</i> by repressing the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Comparative proteomics revealed immune enhancement and nutrient composition of horse milk compared to cow, goat and camel milk. Identification of PGL showed antibacterial activity and potential medicinal value.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1512669"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of thermal and non-thermal processing on fermentable oligo-di-monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) content in millet, sorghum, soybean and sesame varieties.","authors":"Docus Alowo, Solomon Olum, Ivan Muzira Mukisa, Duncan Ongeng","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1520510","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1520510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effect of processing (roasting and malting) and crop variety on fermentable oligo-di-monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) profile of millet, sorghum, soybean, and sesame varieties commonly consumed in Uganda. Two elite varieties and one indigenous variety for each crop were analyzed. Monosaccharide and polyols content was determined by HPLC-UV method, while disaccharides and oligosaccharide were determined using Megazyme kits. The elite varieties of soybean (Maksoy 3 N), Millet (Seremi 2) and sorghum (Narosorg 2) exhibited significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) lower oligosaccharide content compared to indigenous varieties with percentage differences ranging from 10.2 to 73.9%. Additionally, Maksoy 3 N and Narosorg 2 also exhibited significantly lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) excess fructose content compared to the indigenous variety. Malting was more effective than roasting (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in reducing FODMAP categories and total FODMAP content. Malting effectively reduced excess fructose in all grain types to the recommended levels of <0.15 g/100 g compared to roasting. Moreover, malting reduced total oligosaccharides and total FODMAPs in soybean and sesame by more than 50%. However, this reduction did not achieve the recommended threshold of 0.3 g/100 g for total oligosaccharides and 0.5 g/100 g, for total FODMAPs which are a criterion to categorize low FODMAP diets. Malting conditions should be optimized to enhance its effectiveness in producing low FODMAP foods. This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate grain variety and processing techniques that modify FODMAP content in foods that can be used for dietary therapy of gastro-intestinal disorders among vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1520510"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The correlation between TyG-BMI and the risk of osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Yanrong Chen, Yindi Zhang, Si Qin, Fadong Yu, Yinxing Ni, Jian Zhong","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1525105","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1525105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Osteoporosis (OP) has emerged as one of the most rapidly escalating complications associated with diabetes mellitus. However, the potential risk factors contributing to OP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), a marker of insulin resistance calculated as Ln [triglyceride (TG, mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2] × BMI, and the risk of OP in T2DM patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study enrolled 386 inpatients with T2DM, comprising both male and postmenopausal female participants aged 40 years or older. Individuals with significant medical histories or medications known to influence bone mineral density were excluded. Machine learning algorithms were employed to rank factors affecting OP risk. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent influencing factors for OP, while subgroup analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of TyG-BMI on OP across different subgroups. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to explore the dose-response relationship between TyG-BMI and OP. Additionally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to assess the predictive efficiency of TyG-BMI for OP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Machine learning analysis identified TyG-BMI as the strongest predictor for type 2 diabetic osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly patients. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, osteocalcin, and uric acid were independent influencing factors for OP. Notably, TyG-BMI also emerged as an independent risk factor for OP (95%CI 1.031-1.054, <i>P</i> < 0.01). Subgroup analysis demonstrated a consistent increase in OP risk with higher TyG-BMI levels across all subgroups. RCS analysis indicated a threshold effect, with the risk of OP gradually increasing when TyG-BMI exceeded 191.52. Gender-specific analysis showed increasing the risk of OP when TyG-BMI surpassed 186.21 in males and 198.46 in females, with a more pronounced trend observed in females. ROC suggested that TyG-BMI index has significant discriminative power for type 2 diabetic osteoporosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TyG-BMI has been identified as a robust predictive biomarker for assessing OP risk in middle-aged and elderly populations with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1525105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional factors and survival in a cohort of patients with oral cancer.","authors":"Paolo Buscemi, Cristiana Randazzo, Carola Buscemi, Anna Maria Barile, Elena Finamore, Roberta Caruso, Piero Colombrita, Martina Lombardo, Serena Cangemi, Giulia Zucchi, Adriana Cordova, Antonio Lo Casto, Silvio Buscemi","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1530460","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1530460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malnutrition commonly affects patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which contributes to worsening prognosis. Moreover, specific strategies for diagnosing and managing malnutrition in OSCC are lacking. We aimed to investigate if the modality of nutritional treatment as standard oral (ON) or artificial enteral nutrition (AN), assigned by a dedicated nutritional team or not, influences survival in patients with OSCC. Moreover, given the difficulties in obtaining adequate nutritional evaluation in patients with OSCC we preliminary evaluated the magnetic resonance imaging volumetric reconstruction of posterior paraspinal muscles at the level of the third cervical vertebra (MRI-C3) as a tentative new approach to investigate sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 52 consecutive patients with OSCC who underwent surgery at the University Hospital of Palermo (I) from Jan 2020 to May 2023. In-hospital nutritional support was provided by a dedicated team. The patients were retrospectively compared with a control group of 11 patients who were surgically treated for OSCC between January and December 2019 in the same unit of surgery, in the absence of a dedicated nutritional team. Upon discharge, the nutritional treatment consisted of ON or AN. In 2020-2023, industrially produced special medical food formulations were used rather than natural foods as it was in use in 2019; also, adequate protein supplements were assigned in order to reach the recommended protein intake of 1-0-1.2 g/kg ideal body weight. The MRI-C3 volumetric reconstruction was obtained in 16 patients.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>As per-protocol, the patients were categorized according to pre-surgery TNM stage: groups A (TNM stages I-III) and B (IVa-IVc). The prevalence of group A patients was 59.6% in the case group and 85.7% in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with higher survival rates at follow-up in the control group (80.5% vs. 27.3%), therefore, the two historical groups were not comparable. Given the limited number of cases, all patients were included in a unique group. Advanced stages of OSCC (log-rank test, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and AN (<i>p</i> < 0.001) were independently associated with a lower survival rates. The 3-12 month post-surgery MRI_C3 volume increased in patients who received ON treatment and decreased in those who received AN treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AN is associated with lower survival probability than ON in patients with OSCC. The MRI-C3 measurement of paravertebral muscles is a promising technique for detecting sarcopenia that needs to be confirmed by further studies including larger groups of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1530460"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid metabolic disorders and their impact on cartilage endplate and nucleus pulposus function in intervertebral disk degeneration.","authors":"Ruixia Wu, Xiao Juan Zhao, Yaxin Du, Yizhi Dong, Xinyue Song, Yong Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1533264","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1533264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipid metabolism encompasses the processes of digestion, absorption, synthesis, and degradation of fats within biological systems, playing a crucial role in sustaining normal physiological functions. Disorders of lipid metabolism, characterized by abnormal blood lipid levels and dysregulated fatty acid metabolism, have emerged as significant contributors to intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD). The pathogenesis of IDD is multifaceted, encompassing genetic predispositions, nutritional and metabolic factors, mechanical stressors, trauma, and inflammatory responses, which collectively facilitate the progression of IDD. Although the precise mechanisms underlying IDD remain incompletely elucidated, there is substantial consensus regarding the close association between lipid metabolism disorders and its development. Intervertebral disks are essential for maintaining spinal alignment. Their primary functions encompass shock absorption, preservation of physiological curvature, facilitation of movement, and provision of stability. The elasticity and thickness of these disks effectively absorb daily impacts, safeguard the spine, uphold its natural curvature and flexibility, while also creating space for nerve roots to prevent compression and ensure normal transmission of nerve signals. Research indicates that such metabolic disturbances may compromise the functionality of cartilaginous endplates (CEP) and nucleus pulposus (NP), thereby facilitating IDD's onset and progression. The CEP is integral to internal material exchange and shock absorption while mitigating NP herniation under mechanical load conditions. As the central component of intervertebral disks, NP is essential for maintaining disk height and providing shock-absorbing capabilities; thus, damage to these critical structures accelerates IDD progression. Furthermore, lipid metabolism disorders contribute to IDD through mechanisms including activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways, enhancement of oxidative stress levels, induction of cellular pyroptosis alongside inhibition of autophagy processes-coupled with the promotion of inflammation-induced fibrosis and fibroblast proliferation leading to calcification within intervertebral disks. This review delineates the intricate interplay between lipid metabolism disorders and IDD; it is anticipated that advancing our understanding of this pathogenesis will pave the way for more effective preventive measures and therapeutic strategies against IDD in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1533264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of <i>FADS</i> genetic variation and omega-3 fatty acid deficiency on cardiometabolic disease risk in a Mexican American population.","authors":"Sarah A Blomquist, Jil H Albrecht, Brian Hallmark, Yann C Klimentidis, Luis A Garcia, Lawrence J Mandarino, Dawn K Coletta, Floyd H Chilton","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1538505","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1538505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Latinos, the largest racial/ethnic minority group in the United States, have high rates of cardiometabolic diseases, hypothesized due in part to genetic variation in the fatty acid desaturase (<i>FADS</i>) cluster that is associated with reduced omega-3 (n-3) highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) biosynthesis. This study examined how variations in <i>FADS</i> and other HUFA pathway-related genes (<i>ELOVL5</i> and <i>ELOVL2</i>) impact cardiometabolic disease risk factors in Latinos of Mexican Ancestry (LMA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study analyzed 493 self-identified LMA from the Arizona Insulin Resistance registry (AIR) and found a marked enrichment in <i>FADS</i> alleles linked the ancestral haplotype (AH) compared to European Americans. LMA individuals with two AH alleles produced markedly lower levels of n-6 and n-3 HUFAs. However, this was more pronounced with the n-3 HUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), where the n-6 arachidonic acid (ARA) to EPA and DHA ratios were 30:1 and 5:1, respectively, and circulating EPA levels were reduced to <5 ng/mL. Importantly, genetic variations in both <i>FADS</i> and <i>ELOVL2/5</i> regions also were strongly associated with several cardiometabolic disease (CMD) markers, with the presence of two <i>FADS</i> AH alleles corresponding to a 45, 33, and 41% increase in fasting insulin, triglyceride levels and HOMA-IR, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals the potential impact of genetically influenced HUFA regulation and n-3 HUFA deficiency on cardiometabolic disease risk within LMA. These insights provide a strong rationale for future studies and clinical trials that focus on n-3 HUFA supplementation to mitigate CMD disparities in LMA populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1538505"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}