Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Glycemic control modifies LDL-C-DKD risk: a U-shaped association in well-controlled type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Kaili Zheng, Chaoyong He, Guangming Chen, Huabin Wang, Yongjun Ma","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1660820","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1660820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) risk remains controversial, with limited evidence on its interaction with modifiable risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the dose-response relationship between LDL-C and DKD risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort of 3,040 patients with T2D without baseline DKD was followed. Association between LDL-C and DKD risk was analyzed using Cox regression analysis, interaction analysis, and restricted cubic splines (RCS). Sensitivity analyses excluded lipid-lowering medication users, and threshold effects were validated using piecewise regression and survival analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 665 (21.9%) patients developed DKD during the follow-up (median: 3.13 years). In the fully adjusted model, LDL-C as a continuous variable showed no significant association with DKD risk (<i>p</i> = 0.061). When analyzed by quartiles, the hazard ratios (HRs) displayed a non-monotonic pattern: Compared to Q1, Q2 had the lowest risk (HR = 0.69, <i>p</i> = 0.001), followed by a partial rebound in Q3 (HR = 0.80, <i>p</i> = 0.046), and a subsequent decline in Q4 (HR = 0.72, <i>p</i> = 0.005), suggesting potential non-linearity. A significant LDL-C-by-glycemia control interaction was observed (P_interaction = 0.013). In the HbA1c ≤ 7% subgroup, RCS analysis demonstrated a U-shaped relationship between LDL-C and DKD risk (P_non-linear < 0.001), with nadir risk observed at 2.66-3.57 mmol/L. The risk increased below 2.66 mmol/L (HR = 1.55, <i>p</i> = 0.015) and trended upward above 3.57 mmol/L (HR = 1.47, <i>p</i> = 0.121). In this subgroup, sensitivity analyses excluding lipid-lowering drug users confirmed robustness, and survival curves showed lower DKD incidence in the intermediate LDL-C group (2.66-3.57 mmol/L) vs. low/high groups (<i>p</i> = 0.004). No associations were found in the HbA1c > 7% subgroup.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Glycemic control modulates the LDL-C-DKD risk association in patients with T2D, with a U-shaped relationship observed in those with good glycemic control, thereby emphasizing the necessity of integrating glycemic status into LDL-C target evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1660820"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analysis of the intestinal microbiome combined with metabolomics to explore the mechanism of how Pangxiejiao tea improves metabolic disorders in HFFD-treated rats.","authors":"Wanchun Wang, Enzheng Zhu, Yang Yang, Qingqing Huang, Xue Xiao, Shenghua Piao","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1653855","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1653855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD) can lead to various metabolic disorders. Pangxiejiao (PXJ), a natural plant widely used in folk practices, has been found to contain bioactive compounds that exhibit hypoglycemic effects <i>in vitro</i>. However, the potential of PXJ aqueous extract to ameliorate metabolic disorders <i>in vivo</i> and its underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. This study aims to investigate the effects of PXJ on metabolic disorders induced by HFFD in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An HFFD was employed to mimic unhealthy dietary habits, while PXJ was administered via oral gavage for 10 weeks. Perform biochemical assays, observe histopathological structures, and evaluate metabolic status in rats to investigate intrinsic alterations through detection of gut microbiota and plasma metabolites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated that PXJ intervention reduced body weight, improved glucose and lipid metabolism, and decreased serum uric acid levels. PXJ alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation, as evidenced by reduced serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-<i>α</i>, along with ameliorated pathological inflammatory manifestations in metabolism-related organs, such as liver, pancreas, and colon. Furthermore, PXJ was found to decrease the <i>Firmicutes</i>/<i>Bacteroidota</i> ratio, modulated gut microbiota composition, and maintain microbial homeostasis. Nontargeted metabolomics analysis identified 39 upregulated metabolites, including hippuric acid, and 9 downregulated metabolites, such as LysoPG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/0:0). Correlation analysis further revealed that PXJ maintains metabolic homeostasis through complex network crosstalk. Specifically, four gut microbial taxa including Alloprevotella and six metabolites, including hippuric acid, demonstrated significant negative correlations with IL-6, TNF-<i>α</i>, and MDA. In contrast, <i>Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group</i> showed positive correlations with these metabolites and SOD.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In conclusion, early and sustained PXJ intervention alleviates HFFD-induced metabolic disorders, which is associated with restored gut microbiota balance, improved metabolism, and reduced inflammation and oxidative stress, demonstrating its potential as a novel functional tea for metabolic disorder prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1653855"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of postoperative weight loss trajectories and development of a machine learning-based tool for predicting malnutrition in gastric cancer patients.","authors":"Mingfang Yan, Zhenmeng Lin, Rong Chen, Ying Liu, Jinliang Jian, Changhua Zhuo","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1678879","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1678879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Significant postoperative weight loss and malnutrition represent common and serious complications following radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Early identification of distinct weight loss trajectories and prediction of malnutrition risk may facilitate targeted interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, observational longitudinal study enrolled 312 gastric adenocarcinoma patients undergoing radical gastrectomy. Participants were assessed preoperatively (T0) and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively (T1-T4). Percentage weight loss was calculated at each postoperative time point. Latent growth mixture modeling (GMM) identified distinct weight loss trajectories. Eight machine learning algorithms (XGBoost, SVM, RF, NB, KNN, MLP, GBM, PLS) were trained using predictors selected by LASSO regression and the Boruta algorithm to predict GLIM-defined malnutrition at 6 months postoperatively (T2, the peak malnutrition timepoint). Additionally, a multivariable logistic regression-derived nomogram was developed and validated, with assessments of discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GMM identified three distinct 12-month postoperative weight loss trajectories: severe (11.9%), moderate (36.2%), and minimal (51.9%). The prevalence of GLIM-defined malnutrition peaked at 51.6% at 6 months (T2). Among the eight machine learning models, XGBoost achieved the best performance in predicting 6-month malnutrition. The final nomogram, which incorporated age ≥65 years, preoperative underweight status, preoperative reduced muscle mass, and total gastrectomy, showed excellent discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. DeLong's test indicated no significant difference in AUC between the XGBoost model and the nomogram (<i>p</i> = 0.121).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study delineates distinct postoperative weight loss trajectories in gastric cancer patients. We developed and validated both an advanced ML model (XGBoost) and a clinically interpretable nomogram for accurately predicting 6-month postoperative malnutrition risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1678879"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of venous thromboembolism: a matched cohort study of 139,690 patients.","authors":"Kuo-Chuan Hung, Li-Chen Chang, Chih-Wei Hsu, Jheng-Yan Wu, Chia-Hung Yu, Chun-Ning Ho, Ming Yew, I-Wen Chen","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1639257","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1639257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) may contribute to venous thromboembolism (VTE) through effects on coagulation and endothelial function, but existing studies show inconsistent results. We investigated the association between VDD and VTE risk using a large matched cohort design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective matched cohort study using the TriNetX database, including patients aged ≥45 years with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) measurements between 2010 and 2023. VDD was defined as serum 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL, while controls had levels ≥30 ng/mL. After 1:1 propensity score matching, the final cohort comprised 69,845 patients in each group. Primary outcomes were deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) occurring 3-12 months after the index date. Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During one-year follow-up, VDD was significantly associated with increased risk of DVT (Hazard ratio [HR] 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37-1.92; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and PE (HR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.34-1.96; <i>p</i> < 0.001) compared to controls. The association persisted over 2 years with modest attenuation (DVT: HR 1.49; PE: HR 1.61). A dose-response relationship was observed, with vitamin D insufficiency (20-30 ng/mL) showing intermediate risk levels (DVT: HR 1.36; PE: HR 1.43). VDD was also associated with higher mortality (HR 2.20, 95% CI: 1.99-2.43) and ICU admission risks (HR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.33-1.62). Subgroup analyses revealed consistent associations across demographic groups, with diabetes mellitus significantly modifying the DVT association.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitamin D deficiency is independently associated with increased VTE risk in a dose-dependent manner, with effects extending to mortality and healthcare utilization. These findings support vitamin D optimization for VTE prevention, though randomized trials are needed to establish causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1639257"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissecting the causal association of diet with thyroid cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis and mendelian randomization analysis.","authors":"Chao Kang, Yongyao Du, Jiaxin Li, Yi Yang, Jingping Li, Manping Zhou, Jiaojiao Shi, Ning Lin, Xin Ma, Xiaoli Peng","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1664129","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1664129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diet is a recognized risk factor for cancer. Recently, the role of improving thyroid-related functions through diet has been questioned. This systematic review investigates the relationship between food groups/dietary patterns and thyroid cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic search of the literature through April 2025 in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase database following PRISMA guidelines. ORs, HRs or RRs with 95% CIs were extracted as effect sizes and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots. Additionally, we conducted mendelian randomization (MR) analysis by selecting dietary factors (including nutrients) associated with thyroid cancer as exposure data to complement the results of meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We collected data from 16 cohort and 21 case-control studies that met the collection criteria. Meta-analysis found that high consumption of fish and alcohol-containing beverages was associated with a reduced risk of thyroid cancer, whereas consumption of high amounts of refined cereal and nitrates increased thyroid cancer risk (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Our MR analysis data showed that some specific food items, especially seafood (like oily fish) might be the protective factors for thyroid cancer, which strengthen the previous meta-analysis results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This comprehensive study investigated the relationships between dietary factors and thyroid cancer risk, synthesizing findings from a meta-analysis of observational studies and MR analysis to estimate causal associations. Consistently, both the meta-analysis and MR analysis revealed that consumption of certain types of fish may be linked to a decreased risk of thyroid cancer.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD420251101506.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1664129"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of liposomal delivery on coenzyme Q10 absorption: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.","authors":"Ralf Jäger, Martin Purpura, Ashok Godavarthi, Halil Ibrahim Ceylan, Sebastian T Balcombe, Ambrish Chandrappa, Grant M Tinsley","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1605033","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1605033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ-10) plays a vital role in cellular energy production and protection against oxidative stress. However, its absorption from orally administered forms is limited due to its poor water solubility and relatively large molecular weight. While co-ingesting CoQ-10 with a fatty meal can enhance absorption, this approach is not always practical. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a liposomal formulation of CoQ-10 could improve its absorption compared with standard CoQ-10 without the need for the concurrent consumption of fatty foods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study design, 7 men and 11 women (<i>n</i> = 18; age: 33.5 ± 6.4 years, height: 171.2 ± 8.1 cm, weight: 65.6 ± 8.8 kg) ingested a single dose of placebo (PLA), 100 mg of unformulated CoQ-10, or 100 mg of liposomal CoQ-10 (Lipo CoQ-10, LipoVantage®, Specnova, LLC, Tyson Corner, VA, USA). Venous blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h after ingestion and analyzed for plasma CoQ-10 concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CoQ-10and Lipo CoQ-10 demonstrated significantly greater Cmax and AUC0-24 compared with placebo (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Additionally, Lipo CoQ-10 had significantly higher Cmax (+31.3%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and AUC0-24 (+22.6%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) values as compared with CoQ-10. CoQ-10 formulations were well-tolerated, with no significant changes in safety markers (blood pressure, renal function, liver enzymes, and lipid profile; <i>p</i> > 0.05), indicating a favorable safety profile.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Liposomal delivery significantly enhances CoQ-10 absorption.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>https://www.ctri.nic.in identifier CTRI/2024/04/066483.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1605033"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping gray matter changes in anorexia nervosa: a functional connectivity network approach.","authors":"HuCheng Yang, Shu Wang, HuaLiang Li, SiYu Gu, FengMei Zhang, HongHui Wang, ZhenYu Dai, PingLei Pan","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1667729","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1667729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) have shown considerable variability in gray matter (GM) changes in anorexia nervosa (AN). However, it remains unclear whether these changes converge on common brain networks underlying the disorder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify studies on whole-brain GM alterations in AN published up to October 10, 2024. The Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset (<i>n</i> = 1,093) and functional connectivity network mapping (FCNM) approach to identify common brain networks associated with alterations in AN.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 26 studies involving 667 individuals with AN and 659 healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. Combining the HCP dataset and the FCNM technique, we demonstrated that the disrupted neural networks primarily involved the auditory network, ventral default mode network (DMN), dorsal DMN, and sensorimotor network (SMN). Subgroup analyses further revealed differences in the affected neural networks across specific subgroups, including females-only, adolescents, and adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The heterogeneous GM alterations in AN can be attributed to common abnormalities within the auditory network, DMN, and SMN. These disruptions are linked to distorted body image, impaired emotional regulation, and disrupted sensory-motor integration in AN. The FCNM technique provides a unified network-level understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying AN, offering insights for targeted therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1667729"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal SURF4 in dyslipidaemia and female-specific metabolic disorders: insights from rats with polycystic ovary syndrome.","authors":"Yating Xu, Yu Si, Li Ning, Ruyue Wang, Hua Ma, Xiu Li, Hongting Zhao, Qingling Ren","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1644496","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1644496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and metabolic disturbances, including dyslipidaemia. Recent studies have suggested that intestinal surfeit locus protein 4 (SURF4) contributes to elevated serum PCSK9 levels and subsequent lipid accumulation, with evidence of sex-specific differences in its expression and regulatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of intestinal SURF4 in the pathogenesis of PCOS and its potential contribution to metabolic lipid disturbances, as well as to explore lipid-PCOS associations through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research established two rat models of PCOS: one by administering letrozole in combination with a high-fat diet (Model, <i>n</i> = 5) and another by subcutaneous injection of DHEA (DHEA, <i>n</i> = 5). Intestinal SURF4 expression levels were assessed using immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Quantitative serum lipid profiles and androgen levels evaluated the metabolic and hormonal alterations associated with PCOS. Group differences were assessed using ANOVA with post-hoc tests. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to assess the causal relationship between genetic lipid traits and PCOS risk, using data from 10,074 PCOS cases and 103,164 controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PCOS rat model exhibited significant upregulation of intestinal SURF4 accompanied by dyslipidaemia and elevated androgen levels. Elevated androgen levels may regulate intestinal SURF4 expression, contributing to disturbances in lipid metabolism. MR analyses indicated that PCOS leads to serum lipid abnormalities rather than vice versa.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that intestinal SURF4 may serve as a potential intervention target for improving lipid metabolic disorders associated with PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1644496"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in healthy Wistar rat gut microbiome by short-term dietary cava lees intervention.","authors":"Mercedes Berlanga, Alba Martín-García, Ricardo Guerrero, Montserrat Riu-Aumatell, Elvira López-Tamames","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1641612","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1641612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host health through complex host-microbe interactions. Beta-glucans, structural polysaccharides found in yeast cell walls, have emerged as promising modulators of immune function and microbial ecology. Cava lees, a by-product of sparkling wine production composed of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> cell walls, represent a rich source of beta-glucans that could be upcycled for nutritional and therapeutic applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four Wistar rats (12 males, 12 females) were randomly divided into control and treatment groups. The treatment group received daily doses of 2,000 mg lees/kg body weight for 14 days. Shotgun metagenomic analysis was performed to assess microbial composition and functional changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 14-day cava lees supplementation study revealed significant shifts in gut microbiota composition and function. Baseline microbiota was dominated by Bacillota (64-72%) and Bacteroidota (23-32%) with sex-specific differences at the family level. Post-supplementation analysis showed increased Shannon diversity across both sexes, with beneficial enrichment of <i>Bifidobacteriaceae</i> and <i>Rikenellaceae</i> families and reduction of <i>Eubacteriaceae</i>. While global metabolic profiles remained stable, targeted functional pathways were significantly changed, including butyrate production genes. Females exhibited particularly elevated secondary bile acid modification genes (Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test <i>p</i> = 0.032), and male oxidative stress response pathways (Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test <i>p</i> = 0.016) showing both a potentially sex-dependent responses to dietary intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Working with healthy individuals provides a clear understanding of the normal, baseline microbiota composition and function before any intervention. These findings suggest a degree of plasticity of the gut microbiome and its responsiveness to dietary modifications. Beta-glucans from cava lees appear to create a favorable environment for beneficial bacteria, with sex-specific changes of certain bacterial families and functions. These findings provide a foundation for future translational research in humans. Nonetheless, to establish their true impact on human health, these observations in rodent models must be validated through appropriately designed human clinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1641612"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12484048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships among the triglyceride-glucose index, its changes, and the development of metabolically obese normal weight are strengthened by increased visceral fat area.","authors":"Jianan Wang, Jingjing Wang, Yutian Lei, Qin Yuan, Xueyao Yin, Fenping Zheng","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1642725","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1642725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolically obese normal weight (MONW), obesity with a normal body mass index, is often neglected due to the seemingly normal weight but has a high risk of metabolic diseases. This study aimed to assess associations among the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, its changes (∆TyG index), and metabolically normal, normal weight (MNNW) to MONW transition via a population-based cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants aged 40-65 years in 15 Chinese communities were recruited. A total of 530 participants [mean age: 53.00 (48.00-58.00) years; 346 (65.3%) female participants] with complete data on anthropometry, metabolic indicators, abdominal visceral fat area (VFA), and a normal body mass index (BMI) (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24) were included in the cross-sectional analysis. In total, 253 participants [mean age: 53.00 (48.00-58.00) years; 171 (67.6%) female participants] who had follow-up and maintained a normal BMI were included in the follow-up analysis. MONW was defined as two or more abnormal metabolic components but with a normal BMI. Multivariate logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards regression, and restricted cubic spline regression were used to assess associations among the TyG index, ∆TyG index, and MONW-MONW and MNNW-MONW transition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An incrementally higher risk of MONW was observed with the increasing TyG index quartiles in the cross-sectional analysis. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) in the TyG index quartile 4 was 31.81 (95% CI 11.47-88.20) for MONW, and there was a significant MONW risk for TyG >9.04. A positive linear association between the ∆TyG index (<i>p</i> trend = 0.001) instead of the TyG index (<i>p</i> for non-linearity = 0.034) and MNNW-MONW transition was observed. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) in the TyG index quartile 3 was 2.35 (95% CI 1.02-5.41), and in the ∆TyG index quartile 4 was 3.60 (95% CI 1.48-8.79) for MNNW-MONW transition. Subgroup analyses revealed the correlations among the TyG index, ∆TyG index, and MONW-MONW and MNNW-MONW transition were more evident in individuals with larger VFA, and similar results were obtained in sensitivity analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The elevated TyG index and ∆TyG index were associated with higher risks of MONW-MONW and MNNW-MONW transition, and these associations were strengthened by VFA. In addition, the ∆TyG index may be a better indicator for predicting MNNW-MONW transition.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1642725"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}