Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Associations of a prognostic immune and nutritional index with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in individuals with depression: evidence from NHANES 2005-2018.","authors":"Wendong Fang, Jie Zhang, Wanxian Gong, Yuanhong Xu, Lei Sun","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1588896","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1588896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prognostic immune and nutritional index (PINI) has been used to predict survival outcomes in colon cancer patients. However, the relationship between the PINI and survival outcomes in patients with depression remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the association of the PINI with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled 6,610 patients with depression from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2018). Mortality outcomes were determined by National Death Index records on 31 December 2019. Weighted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to visualize survival probabilities at PINI levels, and subgroup analyses were performed to assess interactions with key variables. Smoothed curve fitting was also used to examine the non-linear relationship between the PINI and various mortality outcomes in the association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 6.5 years, a total of 702 all-cause deaths and 178 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths were recorded. Higher PINI quartiles were associated with lower all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality (all <i>P</i> <0.001). Cox regression showed that the highest PINI quartile had significantly lower hazard ratios for all-cause mortality (HR = 0.458, 95% CI: 0.349-0.603), CVD mortality (HR = 0.258, 95% CI: 0.134-0.498), and cancer mortality (HR = 0.554, 95% CI: 0.284-1.081). A smooth curve fitting analysis revealed an L-shaped inverse relationship between the PINI and all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher PINI levels are associated with significantly lower all-cause and CVD mortality in individuals with depression. More large-scale and diverse population studies are needed to clarify the effects of higher PINI levels on all-cause and specific mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1588896"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12289486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144729318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of aged cheese consumer preferences in Morocco-a cross-sectional study of economic, cultural, and social factors influencing purchasing behaviors.","authors":"Nouhayla Mouatadid, Mourad Oukheda, Mustapha Khiati, Rachid Saile, Anass Kettani","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1600873","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1600873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The shift in dietary habits, driven by increased exposure to global gastronomy and improved living standards, has led to a rise in the consumption of aged cheese, also known as matured cheese, worldwide. Although considered premium products, these cheeses transcend their culinary status to embody a cultural heritage, even in countries where this culture is not historically rooted, such as Morocco. However, this trend primarily affects consumption, while local production remains limited, reinforcing dependence on imports. In addition to their gastronomic dimension, these products are being increasingly promoted due to a growing awareness of their benefits, which is stimulating greater interest among consumers. This study aims to redefine the status of mature cheeses in Morocco by identifying the factors influencing their acceptability and consumer preferences. An online questionnaire, validated and distributed to a representative sample of the population, was used to statistically analyze these trends. The results reveal a promising market, characterized by strong interest in these products and frequent consumption, influenced by criteria related to the product's characteristics and economic factors that shape the purchase decision, while the impact of sociodemographic variables remains more moderate. The acceptability of mature cheeses, particularly local products, is accompanied by a willingness on the part of consumers to favor quality over price, as well as a significant attachment to national production, which has been demonstrated. This dynamic opens up favorable prospects for the development of national production, reducing dependence on imports, and offering local producers an opportunity to strengthen their position in a market that remains relatively uncompetitive. A move upmarket, supported by a targeted marketing strategy that takes account of identified consumer disincentives and promotes the \"local\" character, would be an effective lever for boosting this sector, especially as the results indicate a marked appeal for these products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1600873"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12289578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144729376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing antioxidant activity of rice protein hydrolysates through glycosylation modification.","authors":"Zhimin Zhang, Xinjian Bi, Liangjie Hu, Ying Wu, Wenting Hu, Han Wang, Xinyue Zheng, Hao Wu, Daichen Mu, Li Wen, Qingming Huang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1616272","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1616272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This work sought to improve the potential use of rice protein by examining the antioxidant activity of glycosylated rice protein hydrolysates (RPH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RPH were produced via the enzymatic breakdown of rice protein powder utilizing trypsin. Then, using the Maillard reaction, these hydrolysates were glycosylated with three functional monosaccharides to create RPH-fructose (RPH-F), RPH-xylose (RPH-X), and RPH-arabinose (RPH-A). The antioxidant capabilities of glycosylated derivatives were assessed <i>in vitro</i> by measuring Fe²⁺ chelating ability and their ability to neutralize several radicals, including hydroxyl (•OH), superoxide anion (O₂•^-), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•), and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical (ABTS•⁺). A zebrafish <i>in vivo</i> model was utilized to investigate oxidative damage, analyzing the distribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through fluorescence staining and evaluating oxidative stress by quantifying malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD). Following glycosylation, DPPH• clearance by RPH-X increased by 12.75% (6 mg/mL), and ROS inhibition by RPH-A in the zebrafish model reached 84.78%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Glycosylation enhanced the antioxidant capabilities of rice protein hydrolysate, indicating its potential as a functional dietary component with antioxidant efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1616272"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12289648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144729381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and serum neurofilament light chain concentrations in American adults: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Yuxuan Wang, Jingyi Wang, Lifeng Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1608211","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1608211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) is a promising blood-based biomarker for detecting neuroaxonal injury, with elevated levels observed in various neurological disorders. While polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been linked to favorable neurological outcomes, the relationship between dietary PUFAs intake and sNfL levels remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between PUFAs intake and sNfL levels in American adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014. Multivariable regression analyses were applied to examine the associations between individual PUFA, omega-3 PUFAs, omega-6 PUFAs, and omega-6/omega-3 ratio and sNfL levels. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to assess potential non-linear relationships. The overall effect of PUFAs mixtures on sNfL was assessed using quantile g-computation (QGC), while weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was applied for sensitivity analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,109 eligible participants were included in the study. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were inversely associated with sNfL levels after adjusting for all covariates. Omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs were negatively associated with sNfL, whereas the omega-6/omega-3 ratio was positively associated with sNfL. Findings from WQS and QGC analyses further supported an inverse association between PUFA mixtures and sNfL levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicates that PUFAs intake is associated with decreased levels of sNfL, suggesting a potential association with reduced neuroaxonal injury. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and explore the biological pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1608211"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12289513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144729305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalgae toxins in food products and impact on human health: a review.","authors":"W A T N Withana, D M D I Gunarathna, D M G I Dissanayake, A I Rathnayake, H K S de Zoysa, Viduranga Y Waisundara","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1603843","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1603843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microalgal toxins are secondary metabolites synthesized by cyanobacteria, <i>dinoflagellates</i>, and diatoms in response to environmental stress. Humans and animals can be exposed to these toxic compounds through food, water, and aerosolized toxins and these toxic compounds are capable of causing acute and chronic health issues like paralysis, liver damage, cancer, and even death by employing several molecular mechanisms such as sodium channel blocking, protein phosphatase inhibition, cellular membrane disruption etc. Microalgal toxin poisoning through food products is a major concern as microalgae are largely consumed as dietary supplements. These toxins can easily bioaccumulate and be biomagnified via food chains. Hence, proper screening and quality control measures for these microalgal toxins should be implemented. Cytotoxins, dermatoxins, neurotoxins, hepatotoxins, and endotoxins are the main toxins produced by the microalgae. Microalgae are effectively incorporated into the food industry in a diverse range. Toxic contaminants from the microalgae are a silent threat to food security and human health. There are some regulatory models when consuming microalgae-related food products and water due to their toxic effects. Detecting the toxins in the initial stage, studying the impact of toxin production due to environmental factors, and developing effective mitigation strategies to ensure food safety, is a future needs in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1603843"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12289675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144729405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The predictive value of hsCRP/HDL-C ratio for cardiometabolic multimorbidity in middle-aged and elderly people: evidence from a large national cohort study.","authors":"Shiyang Li, Yuyong Liu, Guangyan Sun, Jie Zhou, Deyun Luo, Guangming Mao, Wenhao Xu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1580904","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1580904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular disease is associated with inflammation and dysregulated lipid metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of high-sensitive C-reactive protein to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (CHR) in assessing the risk of developing cardiometabolic multi-morbidity (CMM) within the Chinese population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of 8,187 participants were selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and divided into four groups based on the quartile of CHR. To evaluate the association between CHR and CMM, we employed multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, logistic regression, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted to further explore these relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the included participants was 58.64 ± 9.66 years, with 53.7% being female. Over a median follow-up period of 109 months, 858 participants (10.5%) were diagnosed with new-onset CMM. The incidence of CMM across CHR quartiles Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 6.4, 9.4, 12.0, and 14.2%, respectively. Compared to the lowest quartile, the fully adjusted hazard ratio (with 95% confidence intervals) for CMM for quartiles Q2-Q4 were 1.43 (1.14-1.79), 1.67 (1.35-2.07), and 1.91 (1.55-2.37), respectively. Per 0.01 unit increase in CHR correlates with a 38% increase in the risk of CMM (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.08-1.77, <i>p</i> = 0.01) after full adjustment. Additionally, the odds ratios (ORs) (95% CIs) using multivariate logistic regression analysis for participants in quartiles 2 to 4 were 1.47 (1.16-1.86), 1.73 (1.38-2.17), and 2.00 (1.59-2.51), respectively, when compared to participants in Q1 of CHR. Furthermore, a nonlinear relationship was observed between CHR and the risk of CMM (overall <i>p</i> < 0.001, nonlinear <i>p</i> < 0.001). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses corroborated the robustness of our findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A higher CHR was positively associated with the risk of CMM. Our findings suggest that CHR, when considered alongside other risk factors, could serve as a valuable biomarker for identifying individuals at heightened risk of developing CMM.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1580904"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic effects of a combination of <i>Chinese quince</i> and <i>Saururus chinensis</i> extract on allergic airway inflammation in an ovalbumin-induced asthma mouse model.","authors":"Hye Jin Lee, Ki Cheon Kim, Woo Jin Lee, Hyo Jung Nam, Su Jin Ryu, Seon Hyeok Kim, Won Jun Kim, Jae Won Yoon, Tae-Hee Lee, Pan-Young Jeong","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1613413","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1613413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Allergic asthma involves chronic inflammation, airway remodeling, and hyperresponsiveness. Inhaled corticosteroids combined with long-acting β2 agonists are effective; however, some patients experience side effects, highlighting the need for safer natural alternatives suitable for long-term use. <i>Chinese quince</i> (Q) and <i>Saururus chinensis</i> (SC) are used to treat various diseases, including asthma and inflammation. Q and SC extracts contain bioactive compounds that help modulate airway inflammation. Therefore, combining the two may enhance their immunomodulatory effects. However, the effects of a Q/SC mixture on allergic asthma remain unclear. The aim of this study is to assess the therapeutic effectiveness of a Q/SC mixture in treating asthma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The therapeutic efficacy of the Q/SC extract was evaluated in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation model. After euthanasia, we assessed cell counts, cytokine expression in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), blood immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels, inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus production in the lung tissue, and the expression of protein and cytokine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A high-concentration Q/SC extract significantly reduced total cell and eosinophil counts, cytokine expression in BALF, and serum IgE levels. Furthermore, it reduced the expression of type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) and inducible nitric oxide synthase in lung tissue. The extract also attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus production while inhibiting the STAT6 signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A high concentration of Q/SC extract effectively alleviates allergic airway inflammation by reducing eosinophilic inflammation, type 2 cytokine secretion, and mucus hyperproduction. This suggests that it could be a potential remedy for managing allergic airway inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1613413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential effects of Mediterranean vs. Western diets on coronary atherosclerosis and peripheral artery transcriptomics.","authors":"Aya Jamal Abusheikha, Corbin S C Johnson, Noah Snyder-Mackler, Kip D Zimmerman, Jacob D Negrey, Kenneth L Chiou, Brett M Frye, Timothy D Howard, Carol A Shively, Thomas C Register","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1564741","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1564741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Western diets and social subordination are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the impact of Western versus Mediterranean diets and social status on atherogenesis and arterial transcriptional profiles in a 30-month randomized study in middle-aged, cynomolgus monkeys (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>). Atherosclerosis (intimal area) in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was higher in the Western diet group compared to the Mediterranean diet group (<i>F</i> = 5.25, <i>p</i> = 0.03). There was no effect of diet on intimal lesion size in the iliac and carotid arteries (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Diet altered the transcriptome in iliac arteries; at an FDR threshold of 0.05, seven transcripts were upregulated (<i>WDR62, PKDCC, SLC29A2, MARS1, RAD21L1, MAMDC4</i>, and ENSMFAG00000052859), and 13 transcripts were downregulated (<i>PIK3R1, PABPC1, PAQR8, ZNF667, FGGY, EIF4B, ALDH3A2, ANP32A, KDM3B, XPO7, RPS20</i>, <i>TOMM20</i>, and <i>CHCHD7</i>) in the Western compared to the Mediterranean diet cohort. These genes are associated with endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle proliferation and migration, angiogenesis, and abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) dynamics. In addition, two transcripts (ENSMFAG00000064154 [LncRNA] and ENSMFAG00000057515 [small nucleolar RNA U13]) were downregulated in subordinate monkeys relative to their dominant counterparts (FDR < 0.05). There was no effect of diet on the carotid artery transcriptome, but we did identify significant social status effects: Eleven transcripts were upregulated (<i>KCNQ4, STIM1, TNKS1BP1, CSNK1D, INPPL1, PNPLA7, F10, RAD9A</i>, KCNIP3, ENSMFAG00000059809 [LncRNA], and ENSMFAG00000053865 [secreted protein A0A7N9CS45]), and seven transcripts were downregulated (<i>IRAK1BP1, KIAA0513, SMIM15, PSMD14, TOPORS, ARPC2</i>, and ENSMFAG00000050714 [LncRNA]) in subordinate relative to dominant monkeys. These alterations were associated with dysregulated vascular tone and smooth muscle contractility, apoptosis, and abnormal ECM dynamics. These findings demonstrate differential effects of diet composition and social status depending on arterial sites. The effects of Western diet were observed primarily in the coronary and iliac arteries, whereas social status differences were observed primarily in the carotid arteries. Our results demonstrate that Western diets and social subordination have adverse, yet distinct and tissue-specific impacts on arterial atherogenesis and transcriptional profiles, highlighting the interplay between diet, social hierarchy, and vascular health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1564741"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12288352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expert opinion on the current conceptual, clinical and therapeutic aspects of disease related malnutrition and muscle loss: a multidisciplinary perspective.","authors":"Mutlu Doganay, Meltem Gulhan Halil, Cetin Kaymak, Ugur Selek, Mehmet Akif Topcuoglu, Suayib Yalcin","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1509689","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1509689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) and muscle related conditions (i.e., muscle loss, sarcopenia, and frailty) are overlapping but still underappreciated conditions, which independently and synergistically contribute to an increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Targeted nutritional interventions that can protect and even reverse the muscle loss besides the nutritional status are considered a key clinical priority to improve clinical outcomes and alleviate the joint burden of both malnutrition and muscle loss in malnourished or at-risk patients. Therefore, the proposed expert opinion aimed to address the current conceptual, clinical and therapeutic aspects of DRM and muscle loss from a multidisciplinary perspective in certain risk groups (geriatric patients, cancer patients, patients with neurodegenerative disorders and critically ill patients) and to address the utility of targeted specific nutritional interventions, specifically the high protein nutritional supplements containing <i>β</i>-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) and vitamin D, in terms of potential beneficial effects in preserving and reversing muscle loss beyond meeting nutritional requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1509689"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Betaine alleviates obesity-related metabolic disorders in rats: insights from microbiomes, lipidomics, and transcriptomics.","authors":"Xian Wang, Xin Shang, Yan Pan, Yu Fu, Huilian Zhu, Shuxun Yan","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1604801","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1604801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Betaine is a natural food component that plays an important role in improving body composition, but the details of its effects on adipose tissue remains to be elucidated. Here, we hypothesize that betaine can alleviate obesity-related metabolic disorders, thus gut microbiota, transcriptomics and lipidomics were used to investigate the obesity-alleviating effects of betaine on high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, rats fed a HFD were subjected to an 8-week oral intervention with betaine. We measured changes in body weight (BW), blood lipid profiles, and gastrointestinal hormones to assess therapeutic effects. The epididymal white adipose tissue was extracted and stained to evaluate the pathological morphology of adipocytes. The structure of the rat gut microbiota and the expression profiles of lipid metabolism-related genes in adipocytes were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and transcriptomics. Furthermore, the lipid metabolomics of adipose tissue samples was investigated using an LC-MS analysis platform.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings imply that betaine has been linked to the alleviation of community alterations in gut microbiota resulting from HFD, facilitating the proliferation of beneficial microbiota (e.g., Lactobacillu, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group) and the generation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Particularly, our results indicate that betaine treatment led to notable variations in the content of DHA-riched glycerophospholipids which exhibited a positive correlation with the secretion of intestinal hormone (e.g., cholecystokininand peptide YY). Additionally, betaine upregulated the expression of genes related to thermogenesis and glycerophospholipids metabolic pathways in the adipose tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that betaine has the potential to decrease HFD-related obesity by regulating adipose tissue metabolism and promote the synthesis of polyunsaturated phospholipid rich in DHA. The underlying mechanism of betaine action might encompass its influence on gut microbiota modulation and SCFA metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1604801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}