Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic effects of Mediterranean diet combined with phytosterol-based supplements and omega-3 fatty acids on lipid profiles: a pilot study in menopausal women.","authors":"Fabiana Cannella, Elisa Assunta Algaria, Kashi Brunetti, Simona Del Quondam, Diego Bottan, Davide Cervia, Elisabetta Catalani","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1645102","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1645102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Menopause marks the cessation of ovarian function, preceded by perimenopause, a transitional phase characterized by hormonal fluctuations and metabolic changes, including dyslipidemia. Therefore, a targeted nutritional approach is essential. In this retrospective, observational, pilot study, we evaluated the impact of a Mediterranean-based dietary regimen supplemented with specific natural compounds on lipid profiles and body composition in perimenopausal and menopausal women with hypercholesterolemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An individual dietary plan based on the Mediterranean diet, supplemented with a phytosterol-based formula containing bergamot, prickly pear extract, and vitamin B1, was recommended for each study participant. Additionally, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation was recommended due to its well-documented benefits in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors, including elevated lipid levels. Lipid profile, body composition, and anthropometric values were recorded and carefully analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings indicated that this combined dietary approach significantly improved lipid profiles, as evidenced by reductions in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides and by an increment in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values. Furthermore, the dietary plan positively impacted overall body composition and morphometric parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These preliminary findings suggest that a personalized, nutritionally targeted approach may be an effective non-pharmacological strategy for managing cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors during the menopausal transition and postmenopausal period. Further large-scale, controlled studies are warranted to confirm these results and explore long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1645102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between magnesium depletion score and prevalence and all-cause mortality of psoriasis among the US population.","authors":"Lin Qi, Xian Yang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1598688","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1598688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Magnesium plays a key role in the physiopathologic process of psoriasis. The recently proposed magnesium depletion score (MDS) represents a comprehensive index for assessing magnesium status. However, the effect of MDS on psoriasis remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the possible association between MDS and psoriasis prevalence and mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of adult participants. The multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the relationship between MDS and psoriasis prevalence. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were utilized to investigate the dose-response correlation. Furthermore, Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between MDS and all-cause mortality in psoriasis patients. Furthermore, we conducted subgroup and sensitivity analyses to verify the validity and consistency of these results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study enrolled 17,883 eligible participants. After excluding individuals without follow-up information, 64 all-cause deaths were observed among 505 patients with psoriasis. In the weighted multivariable logistic regression model, individuals with an MDS ≥ 3 had a 1.75-fold greater risk of psoriasis compared with those with an MDS of 0 (OR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.05-2.92; <i>p</i> < 0.05). RCS analysis revealed a positive linear relationship between MDS and psoriasis prevalence (<i>P</i> for nonlinear = 0.145). Additionally, Cox regression analysis demonstrated that MDS was positively associated with all-cause mortality (HR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.04-1.87; <i>p</i> < 0.05). Subgroup analyses indicated that these findings remained consistent across different subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MDS is associated with an increased prevalence and all-cause mortality from psoriasis among American adults. Early detection and management for MDS may reduce the risk of psoriasis and improving its prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1598688"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taohong Siwu Decoction alleviates high salt-induced calcium overload and ferroptosis in vascular endothelial cells in hypertension by regulating ATF4.","authors":"Lai Kwan Lam, Peng-Li Xu, Peng-Cheng Xie, Qiu-Er Liang, Ting Xie, Lee Yam Poon, Ya Xiao, Li-Guo Chen","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1647017","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1647017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Taohong Siwu Decoction (THSWD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is increasingly applied in clinical practice for hypertension management. Our previous research demonstrated that THSWD alleviates high-salt-induced hypertension in mice. This study aims to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of THSWD in treating hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The chemical composition of THSWD was identified using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS in earlier research. In this study, we performed both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> experiments. <i>ATF4^+/-</i> mice (KO) and C57BL/6 mice (WT) were fed a high-salt diet with or without THSWD treatment. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were cultured in high-NaCl conditions, with or without ATF4 inhibition. Blood pressure, vascular injury, calcium overload, and ferroptosis were measured to evaluate the protective effects of THSWD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>In vivo</i>, a high-salt diet caused hypertension, vascular wall thickening, vascular injury, calcium overload, and ferroptosis, all of which were significantly alleviated by THSWD and the calcium-channel blocker nifedipine (NI). THSWD also reduced the high-salt-induced overexpression of ATF4. Similar effects were observed <i>in vitro</i>, where THSWD, the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), the intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM, and NI improved calcium overload and ferroptosis caused by high-NaCl. This was accompanied by reduced expression of CaMK4, CACNA1C, IP3R, RyR2, GPX4, ACSL4, and LPCAT3. Furthermore, compared to <i>ATF4^+/-</i> mice on a high-salt diet, those treated with THSWD showed greater reductions in blood pressure, improved vascular endothelial function, and better suppression of calcium overload and ferroptosis. Inhibition of ATF4 or co-treatment with siATF4 and THSWD <i>in vitro</i> also restored abnormal biomarker levels (iron, calcium, 12-HETE, 15-HETE, GSH, GSH/GSSG, MDA, and LPO) and normalized calcium overload- and ferroptosis-related markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>THSWD effectively lowers blood pressure and protects against vascular damage in high-salt-induced hypertension. Its protective effects are achieved by inhibiting calcium overload and ferroptosis through the regulation of ATF4.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1647017"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12461095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prognostic nutritional index-based nomogram for predicting postoperative survival in stages I-III rectal cancer patients.","authors":"Ling Liu, Chu Lei, Li Li, Xi Peng, Haiyan Gong, Anhong Hu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1680287","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1680287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rectal cancer (RC) is a common malignancy of the digestive system with both high incidence and mortality. Its prognosis is influenced by multiple factors, with nutritional status playing a pivotal role. However, current prognostic models rarely incorporate this factor.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address this gap, we have developed a novel prognostic nomogram. The newly constructed Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI)-incorporated nomogram incorporates preoperative pathological tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) stage, preoperative PNI, preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, intraoperative blood loss (IBL), and postoperative serum CEA levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis showed that preoperative PNI ≤ 47.15, preoperative CEA > 14.13 ng/mL, IBL > 130 mL, postoperative CEA > 4.8 ng/mL, and advanced pTNM stage were independent risk factors for poor survival in patients with stage I-III rectal cancer. Compared with the non-PNI nomograms (combining preoperative CEA, postoperative CEA, pTNM and IBL, but without PNI) and the conventional pTNM staging models, the C-index of the PNI-incorporated nomogram is 0.721, compared to 0.710 for non-PNI nomograms and 0.636 for pTNM staging models, demonstrating improved predictive performance. Furthermore, the PNI-incorporated nomogram achieved AUC values of 0.855, 0.759, and 0.717 for 1, 3, and 5 year overall survival prediction, respectively, in the training set, and 0.952, 0.682, and 0.658 for the corresponding time points in the validation set.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This model significantly improves existing prognostic methods and provides clinicians with a more comprehensive and clinically applicable tool for predicting outcomes in patients with RC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1680287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mushroom: an emerging source for next generation meat analogues.","authors":"Jibanjyoti Panda, Pinku Chandra Nath, Awdhesh Kumar Mishra, Sarvesh Rustagi, Debasis Nayak, Renald Blundell, Yugal Kishore Mohanta","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1638121","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1638121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, plant-based and alternative protein sources have garnered attention. Since they may resemble the texture, flavour, and nutritional profile of typical meat products, mushroom-based meat substitutes have received attention. However, scaling up production, cost-effectiveness, and nutritional requirements similar to animal-based meat products remain hurdles. Thus, understanding these dynamics is crucial to the global development and adoption of next-generation mushroom-based meat substitutes.</p><p><strong>Scope and approach: </strong>This review examined and synthesised the current mushroom-based meat analogue research, concentrating on their physicochemical, nutritional, and qualitative properties. Also, evaluated worldwide market viability, consumer acceptance, and development and adoption difficulties and potential for next-generation mushroom-based meat substitutes.</p><p><strong>Key findings and conclusions: </strong>Due to their fleshiness, mushrooms can replace beef in sausages, nuggets, and patties. Rising vegetarianism and health concerns require meat substitutes. Due to their easy cultivation, excellent nutritional value, low fat and calorie content, and steady growth, mushrooms can meet this demand. However, there are still numerous chances and challenges to improve sensory features (texture, taste, and flavour), optimise processing, assess consumer satisfaction, and use different medicinal mushrooms as meat replacements. Thus, they are essential to the creation of nutritious, sustainable meat-based foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1638121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12462406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors analysis and prediction models of obesity in college students based on dietary patterns.","authors":"Jiawang Bai, Mengyuan Chen, Wenfeng Hou, Yan Han, Jihong Shao, Ying Zhang, Yang Jiao, Hui Hua, Xiangmei Ren","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1598946","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1598946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Overweight and obesity among college students have become significant public health concerns. This study aims to develop a nomogram model for assessing obesity risk in college students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among college students in Xuzhou. Demographic, dietary, and lifestyle information was obtained through self-administered questionnaires, while body composition was assessed using the InBody 570 analyzer. Dietary patterns and obesity prevalence were examined through multiple indicators. Principal component analysis (PCA), logistic regression, and a non-invasive risk assessment model based on percentage of body fat (PBF) were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The vegetable meat grain dietary pattern and milk egg dietary pattern were associated with a reduced risk of PBF (<i>P</i> < 0.01), while the snack mode dietary pattern and aquatic meat dietary pattern increased the risk of PBF (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Binary logistic regression identified gender, physical activity, late-night snacking, regular meals, and a healthy diet as key predictors of PBF obesity in college students. The model achieved an area under curve (AUC) of 0.805, with a non-significant Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) test (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Decision curve analysis (DCA) showed that the model outperformed extreme curves, indicating its reliability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the high prevalence of overweight and obesity among college students and the importance of using multiple indicators for comprehensive evaluation. The developed PBF-based nomogram model demonstrates potential for obesity screening but requires further validation in diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1598946"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of hyperuricemia and associated diseases: pathogenesis, mechanisms, and future directions.","authors":"Zhuo Huang, Bushuang Li, Ming-Hui Bi","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1663096","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1663096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperuricemia (HUA), characterized by elevated serum uric acid levels (>420 μmol/L), is a metabolic disorder linked to gout, cardiovascular diseases, renal disorders, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers a holistic approach to HUA management, employing dialectical treatments to address underlying pathogenesis, reduce uric acid, mitigate inflammation, and protect organ function. This review synthesizes recent advances in TCM for HUA and its comorbidities, drawing from pharmacological studies of single herbs, compound formulas, and TCM pathogenesis theories. We introduce innovative strategies, including network pharmacology, metabolomics, personalized TCM diagnostics, and nanotechnology, to enhance therapeutic precision and efficacy. By integrating TCM's traditional wisdom-emphasizing balance among vital energies like \"qi\" (vital energy) and bodily fluids, with modern scientific methodologies, this review highlights potential risks, toxicities, and challenges in TCM application, aiming to improve patient outcomes in HUA and related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1663096"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mini-review: Processed red meat intake and risk of neurodegenerative diseases.","authors":"Ke-Qian Chen, Wen-Jin Cao, Zheng Liu, Ren-Zhu Liu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1663647","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1663647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are a group of disorders characterized by the progressive loss of neurons in specific areas of the central nervous system. In recent years, more and more research has focused on the influence of diet on NDDs. As a common food, processed red meat is widely consumed worldwide. Many studies have shown that processed red meat may increase the risk of cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Unfortunately, it is unclear whether processed red meat affects NDDs. Therefore, we reviewed the existing literature on the role of processed meats in NDDs. We concluded that intake of processed meat may have an adverse effect on NDDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1663647"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of dietary fiber intake with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in U.S. adults with metabolic syndrome: NHANES 1999-2018.","authors":"Yafei Guo, Meiling Li, Yueqin Huang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1659000","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1659000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low dietary fiber intake is common in the US, despite its health benefits. Individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS), at high cardiovascular risk, may benefit significantly from higher fiber, but its link to mortality in this group is unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed prospective data from 10,962 U.S. adults with MetS (NHANES 1999-2018, mean age 58.1). Baseline fiber intake (g/day) was assessed via 24-h recalls. MetS was defined by ATP III criteria. Mortality (all-cause, CVD-specific) was tracked via the National Death Index (median follow-up 102 months). Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality associated with fiber intake, adjusted for demographics, socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over follow-up, 2,617 deaths occurred (887 CVD-specific). Higher fiber intake was associated with significantly lower mortality. Our analysis suggested a potential threshold effect near 21.7 g/day of fiber intake. Below this, each additional 5 g fiber reduced all-cause mortality risk by 7% (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91-0.96, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Comparing highest to lowest tertile intake, adjusted HRs were 0.80 (95% CI 0.72-0.89, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) for all-cause and 0.61 (0.51-0.73, p < 0.0001) for CVD mortality. Results were robust in sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In U.S. adults with MetS, higher dietary fiber intake was associated with significantly lower all-cause and CVD mortality. Benefits were most pronounced at lower intakes, plateauing around 22 g/day, suggesting achieving moderate fiber intake near recommendations offers substantial survival benefits in this high-risk group.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1659000"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermented dairy product consumption and blood lipid levels in healthy adults: a systematic review.","authors":"Birsen Yilmaz, Panagiota Alvanoudi, Aggeliki Kalogeropoulou, Dushica Santa, Tuğçe Bulmuş-Tüccar, Anastasios Nikolaou, Isabel Moreno-Indias, Patricia Ruiz-Limon, Carolina Gutiérrez-Repiso, Elaine Hillesheim, Victoria Meslier, Baltasar Mayo, Jeadran Malagon, Christophe Chassard, Smilja Praćer, Guy Vergeres, Fani Th Mantzouridou","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1651134","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1651134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of global mortality, with diet recognized as a key factor influencing cardiovascular risk biomarkers such as blood lipids. Emerging evidence suggests fermented dairy products may offer cardioprotective benefits via fermentation-derived bioactive metabolites. This systematic review, conducted within COST Action CA20218 Promoting Innovation of ferMENTed fOods (PIMENTO), evaluated the relationship between consumption of conventional fermented dairy products and blood lipid levels and cardiovascular diseases in healthy adults. Data were qualitatively summarized and synthesized narratively, following the European Food Safety Authority's (EFSA) scientific guidance for health claim applications, including food characterization, bioavailability of relevant compounds, mechanisms of action, and safety. Sixty-eight studies were included: 14 controlled interventions (PICO), 37 non-controlled interventions (PIO), and 17 observational studies. Findings from intervention studies were largely inconsistent, with most trials reporting no significant changes in lipid markers following fermented dairy intake. However, a few studies reported modest reductions in total cholesterol and LDL-c or improved LDL/HDL ratios, particularly with yoghurt and kefir. Observational studies also yielded mixed and inconclusive results. Overall, study quality, result consistency, and mechanistic evidence were deemed \"neither convincing nor sufficient\" per EFSA criteria. Key limitations included high risk of bias, heterogeneous designs, inadequate product characterization, and limited mechanistic data. More rigorous, well-controlled human studies with appropriate comparators are needed to clarify whether conventional fermented dairy products have any lipid-lowering effects.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>osf.io/h2mbe/.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1651134"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12461264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}