Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"The association between a dietary index for the gut microbiota and frailty in older adults: emphasising the mediating role of inflammatory indicators.","authors":"Huangyi Yin, Yue Qiu, Chaomei Gan, Yubo Zhou, Tingting Chen, Min Liang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1562278","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1562278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The dietary index for the gut microbiota (DI-GM) is a novel indicator of gut microbiome health, and its association with frailty remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited participants from the 2007-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Restricted cubic splines (RCSs) and multifactorial logistic regression were employed to investigate the relationship between the DI-GM and frailty. A mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the mediating role of inflammatory markers. Stratification and sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the consistency of this association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4,578 eligible individuals were screened, with a frailty prevalence of 35.50%. After adjusting for all of the covariates, each unit increase in the DI-GM was associated with a 6% decrease in the prevalence of frailty (OR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.99; <i>p</i> = 0.020). Furthermore, participants in the highest tertile of the DI-GM were significantly less likely to be frail than were those in the lowest tertile (OR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.91; <i>p</i> = 0.008). Mediation analysis revealed that inflammatory biomarkers significantly mediated the association between the DI-GM and frailty, with percentages of 16.47% for the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), 14.59% for the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and 11.13% for the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). This negative relationship remained robust across subgroups and in the sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An elevated DI-GM, which reflects a healthier microbiota state, was associated with a reduced prevalence of frailty. This relationship was partially mediated through inflammatory biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1562278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12284950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of household food security and maternal dietary diversity in rural Gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia: results from a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Meskerem Jisso, Sibhatu Biadgilign, Amare Abera Tareke, Tizalegn Tesfaye, Tadesse Alemu Zerfu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1523344","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1523344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Ethiopia, food insecurity and poor dietary diversity continue to affect maternal and child health, particularly in rural regions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We examined the status and determinants of household food security and maternal dietary diversity in rural Gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 422 households, and household food insecurity and women's dietary diversity was measured. We conducted bivariable and multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 65.5% of mothers (95% CI: 60.7-70.0%) and 27.9% (95% CI: 23.7-32.5%) of households had adequate dietary diversity and food security, respectively. Severe or moderate food insecurity predispose to inadequate dietary diversity, whereas, higher wealth status increased the odds of adequate dietary diversity. Maternal education increased the odds of adequate dietary diversity. Regarding household food insecurity, the size of the household having a member of 5-7 and 8-12 were 78 and 76% less likely to be food insecure among households compared to 1-4 members size [OR = 0.22 (95%CI: 0.07, 0.70)] and [OR = 0.24 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.83)] respectively. Those household having high in women's dietary diversity were 83% less likely to have to food insecure among households compared to the lowest women's dietary diversity [AOR = 0.17 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.31)].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Household wealth status, maternal education, household food security status, pregnancy status were factors affected maternal dietary diversity. Family size and dietary diversity affected household food security status. Interventions should focus on maternal literacy, empowering women on income, assuring food security to increase maternal dietary diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1523344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12283297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of conservation agriculture technologies adoption on food production and security in Northern Malawi: evidence from Mzimba district.","authors":"George N Chidimbah Munthali, He Puming, Lazarus Obed Livingstone Banda, Peter Stephen Donald Ngulube, Gama Rivas Daru, Thokozani Mzumara, Moses M N Chitete, Zondiwe Mabilabo Jere","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1615990","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1615990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adoption of conservation agriculture technologies (CATs) has emerged as a strategy to improve farm productivity and achieve food security in many parts of the world.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to assess the effect of CAT adoption on food production and security.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Vibangalala Extension Planning Area (EPA) in Mzimba district, Northern Malawi. Data was collected using structured questionnaires. The data were entered in SPSS version 27. Descriptive statistics included frequency, percentage, weighted percentage, means, standard deviations, and standard error mean. Inferential statistics included a <i>t</i>-test and a linear regression model, with the value of <i>p</i> < 0.05 considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The study found that households that adopted CATs have high food production and experience food security compared to non-adopters. Adoption of CATs significantly boosts production, with adopters experiencing lower food insecurity and better dietary diversity than non-adopters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>The study confirms that adopting conservation agricultural technologies is integral to improving agricultural production, but remains entangled in disparities related to gender, farm size, and education. Efforts should be made to ensure equity and equality in conservation agricultural technology adoption to improve food security for all.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1615990"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12283979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between dynamic change of Chinese visceral adiposity index and hypertensive co-morbidities in the middle-aged and elderly population: a Chinese prospective cohort study.","authors":"Jinjian Xu, Yingdi Yang, Ye Hu, Yingxiang Song, Xiao Ye, Yu-Ming Chen, Hanbing Li, Xiaohong Wu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1557868","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1557868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The non-invasive Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) was linked to the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. The associations of the CVAI and its longitudinal changes with hypertension and related comorbidities remain poorly understood. This study aims to examine the associations between CVAI, its trajectories, and hypertensive comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 5,058 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), with baseline data collected in 2011-2012. Participants were subsequently followed across four waves: 2013-2014, 2015-2016, 2017-2018, and 2019-2020. Study outcomes included hypertension (HTN) and its comorbidities: overweight (HTN-OW), metabolic unhealthiness (HTN-MET), and diabetes (HTN-DM). Prospective associations between baseline CVAI and these outcomes were analyzed using Cox regression. Longitudinal trajectories of CVAI over 3 years (2012-2015) were identified through K-means clustering analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2013 to 2020, 1,581 participants (31.3% of the 5,058 total) developed HTN. The higher CVAI was significantly associated with risk of HTN (HR per 1 SD increase = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.08-1.33) and hypertensive co-morbidities (HTN-OW, HTN-MET, and HTN-DM) (HR = 1.20-1.38, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Both per-quartile increment in CVAI and cumulative CVAI showed significant positive associations with HTN risk and its comorbidities (all <i>p</i>-trend < 0.05). <i>K</i>-means clustering analysis generated three trajectories of change in CVAI levels (low, moderate, and high) between 2012 and 2015, and higher class was significantly associated with risk of HTN and co-morbidities compared to low class (HR = 1.63∼1.65, <i>p</i> < 0.05, <i>p</i>-trend < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the significant positive correlation between the change in CVAI with hypertension and comorbidities in the middle-aged and elderly population, suggesting a potential application in the clinical assessment and prevention of cardiometabolic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1557868"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12283329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel approach to enhancing brain DHA uptake: the role of nannochloropsis microalgae extract.","authors":"Kunpeng Ma, Shuhui Xie, Ying Zhang, Haixiang Liu, Wei Yu, Peihua Chen","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1573310","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1573310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays a pivotal role in sustaining the normal function of the human brain and preventing metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Despite its significance, the bioavailability of DHA from current supplements is suboptimal due to the limited absorption capacity of the adult brain. Recent studies have highlighted the role of Mfsd2a transporter in facilitating brain DHA uptake when DHA is esterified to lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Lyso-diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine (LDGTS), a betaine lipid that resembles LPC in structure and is abundant in Nannochloropsis microalgae oil, presents a promising method to enhance DHA absorption. This study aimed to examine whether LDGTS-containing microalgae oil can promote brain DHA uptake.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven groups of mice were fed different lipid formulations alongside their regular diet. After 15 days, tissue and organ samples were collected for lipid extraction and fatty acid analysis. Brain DHA uptake was quantified and compared across groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mice administered a combination of microalgae oil and triacylglycerol (TAG)-DHA showed a significant increase in brain DHA uptake compared to controls. This effect was not observed with TAG-DHA alone, microalgae oil alone, or krill oil. The facilitation of DHA incorporation was accompanied by a notable enhancement of pathways related to cell growth and retinol metabolism in the brain, while pathways associated with cellular apoptosis and inflammation were downregulated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that the inclusion of LDGTS-rich microalgae oil in DHA supplementation may offer a novel and effective strategy for improving the bioavailability of DHA in the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1573310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12283333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic fat and dietary intake as determinants of metabolic health in obese adolescents: a cross-sectional MRI study.","authors":"Hadar Moran-Lev, Ron Sternfeld, Rotem Lazmi, Rivka Ohayon, Rivka Dudi, Avivit Brener, Shira Zelber Sagi, Shlomi Cohen, Ronit Lubetzky, Yftach Gepner","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1559271","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1559271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity in youth is highly associated with metabolic risk. However, a subset of individuals maintains metabolic health despite the presence of obesity. This study aims to identify key factors associated with a metabolically healthy obese (MHO) in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 31 adolescents with obesity [median age: 14 y, median body mass index (BMI) Z-score: 2.58] categorized as MHO or metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) based on the presence of one or more metabolic syndrome criteria. A comprehensive evaluation included MRI assessments of abdominal adipose tissue distribution and hepatic fat content (HFC), physiological and metabolic assessment, serum biomarkers, prenatal and sociodemographic characteristics, and dietary habits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the MUO, MHO individuals exhibited significantly lower HFC (<i>p</i> = 0.01), liver enzymes (<i>p</i> = 0.004), and experienced a lower risk of complications during birth (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Additionally, MHO participants had significantly lower intake of total calories (<i>p</i> = 0.04), animal protein (<i>p</i> = 0.005), red meat (<i>p</i> = 0.02), sodium (<i>p</i> = 0.027), palmitic acid (<i>p</i> = 0.04), stearic acid (<i>p</i> = 0.029), arachidonic acid (<i>p</i> = 0.005) and calories from ultra-processed grains (<i>p</i> = 0.049) compared to their MUO counterparts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adolescents with MHO show lower hepatic fat, improved liver markers, and healthier dietary patterns than MUO peers. These findings underscore the potential influence of prenatal and lifestyle factors in distinguishing metabolic health profiles in adolescents with obesity.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>https://clinicaltrails.gov/study/NCT06032312; NCT06032312.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1559271"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12283279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myasthenia gravis and nutrition.","authors":"Merve Nur Uçak, Gözde Arıtıcı Çolak","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1600508","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1600508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neurological disease characterized by a disorder of nerve transmission at the neuromuscular junction. In this disease, antibodies attack acetylcholine receptors and their associated molecules, disrupting nerve transmission and impairing normal muscle contraction. Myasthenia gravis is diagnosed through physiological and neurological examinations, blood antibody tests, and electronic methods. Various approaches are used for symptom management, including immunosuppressive drugs, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and thymectomy. Previous literature has focused primarily on symptoms and medical treatment. However, resources related to nutrition and Myasthenia gravis are limited. This study bridges this gap by examining the effects of different nutritional interventions on the disease and the importance of nutrition in the treatment process.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1600508"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12283316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The health burden of disease attributable to low calcium intake: a comprehensive analysis of trends and socioeconomic impacts from 1990 to 2021.","authors":"Yanping Wang, Meihui Tao, Li Wang, Siyu Zhou, Weifeng Yang, Xi Zhao, Qinyu Feng, Mengfan Tang, Wei Yan, Yu Fu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1594656","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1594656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Calcium, a vital nutrient for the human body, is indispensable for keeping our bones strong and managing cell function. A diet low in calcium (DLC) is a key player in the formation of numerous health issues. This research delved into the most recent datasets acquired via the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) report to uncover the worldwide impact of DLC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing the GBD 2021 database, this research examined the association of DLC with disease burden, covering colorectal and prostate cancers. To quantify disease burden and track its temporal variations, key indicators were employed. These included deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR), and the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). The analysis broke down results by sex, age brackets, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) categories, and geographic regions. To examine potential links between disease burden and socioeconomic factors, Pearson's correlation method was applied. Furthermore, Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) modeling was applied to forecast trends spanning 2022-2050.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1990 to 2021, global colon and rectum cancer (CRC)-related deaths tied to DLC rose from 57,363 to 89,089, while the ASMR decreased from 1.54 to 1.06 per 100,000 [EAPC = -1.33 (95% CI: -1.37 to -1.29)]. DALYs increased from 1,512,762 to 2,128,939, and the ASDR declined from 37.04 to 24.7 per 100,000 [EAPC = -1.45 (95% CI: -1.50 to -1.40)]. The burden of CRC tended to escalate with age, and it disproportionately affected women more than men. However, the impact on women diminished more rapidly over time. Prostate cancer and DLC showed a negative directional trend but lacked statistical significance. CRC burden showed a negative correlation with SDI, while prostate cancer burden had a positive association.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DLC significantly increases the incidence of CRC, while its impact on prostate cancer incidence is relatively minor and shows a negative correlation. Both phenomena are closely associated with socioeconomic development. The research yields essential data to develop focused dietary interventions and cancer-prevention policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1594656"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12283273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coffee consumption as a double-edged sword for serum lipid profile: findings from NHANES 2005-2020.","authors":"Chaoyue Mo, Xintong Duan, Junlin Pu, Xuan Zhou, Yongfeng Zheng, Shiyu Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1606188","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1606188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is growing interest in coffee's impact on cardiovascular health. As dyslipidemia is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and coffee may influence lipid metabolism, exploring the association between coffee consumption and serum lipid profile may provide further insights into coffee's cardiovascular effects and help inform dietary recommendations for patients with cardiovascular disease.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cross-sectional data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2020. The exposure variable was the daily coffee consumption, measured in cups, and the outcome variables were serum lipid profile components, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Weighted multiple linear regression, subgroup and interaction analyses, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were used to evaluate the associations. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each additional cup of coffee consumed per day was associated with a 1.23 mg/dl increase in TC (95% CI: 0.68, 1.77) and a 1.22 mg/dl increase in LDL-C (95% CI: 0.77, 1.67). In the categorical analysis, among participants consuming ≥3 cups/day, each additional cup of coffee was linked to an increase of 8.45 mg/dl in TC (95% CI: 4.94, 11.96) and 7.86 mg/dl in LDL-C (95% CI: 5.01, 10.72), compared with non-drinkers. In females, HDL-C levels rose with coffee consumption up to 2.6 cups/day, after which they began to decline, showing an inverted U-shaped association. In males, a similar non-linear trend was observed for TG, with levels peaking at 3.0 cups/day before decreasing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Coffee consumption exerts both beneficial and adverse effects on serum lipid profile. While it is positively associated with elevated TC and LDL-C levels, its relationships with HDL-C and TG are more complex and gender-specific. In females, HDL-C increased with intake up to 2.6 cups/day and declined thereafter, forming an inverted U-shaped pattern. In males, TG followed a similar trend, peaking at 3.0 cups/day. Although these changes were statistically significant, their clinical relevance may vary depending on individual cardiovascular risk profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1606188"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12283274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability diet index: a multi-criteria decision analysis proposal for culinary preparations-A case study.","authors":"Rodrigo Contreras-Núñez, Andrea Espinoza, Paola Cáceres","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1586886","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1586886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The environmental impact of food production and distribution has driven the need to integrate sustainability into food services. While research has traditionally focused on carbon and water footprints, other key aspects, such as local product consumption, are often overlooked.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Therefore, this study proposes the development of a sustainability diet index to address these gaps, using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. Specifically, the analytical hierarchy process prioritizes sustainability criteria, and the Interactive and Multicriteria Decision Making (TODIM) method ranks them. Two sustainable diet indices are proposed to assess which offers better performance. A case study of a university canteen demonstrates the index's applicability by considering starters, main courses, desserts, and menus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate that rankings based on sustainability dimensions provide a broader perspective, highlighting differences among food menus.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The index revealed that menus with local and fewer animal-based ingredients score higher in sustainability, underscoring the relevance of environmental and political factors. Future work considers incorporating other cultural traditional food, menu variations, and vegetarian and vegan options.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1586886"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12283303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}