Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Gender difference in the association between composite dietary antioxidant index and all-cause mortality.","authors":"Lanzhi Duan, Rui Zeng, Jiang Wang, Sisi Hu, Weiye Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1523171","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1523171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Existing studies on the association between the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and all-cause mortality are controversial. We aimed to analyze the association of CDAI with all-cause mortality, and determine the influence of gender on this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data of adult participants (age ≥ 18) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles spanning 2001 to 2018 were analyzed. The NHANES-issued identifiers for participants enabled the linkage of data from the NHANES Public Use Linked Mortality File.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study encompassed a sample of 15,651 individuals. The mean CDAI was 0.52 ± 6.06. The restricted cubic spline revealed that the hazard ratio (HR) of all-cause mortality decreased significantly with increasing CDAI. However, this negative association existed only when the CDAI was less than 5. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that compared to the first CDAI quartile, the HR of all-cause mortality was significantly decreased in the third and fourth quartiles (both <i>p</i> < 0.001), and the <i>p</i>-value of the trend test was <0.001. In the subgroup analysis, a notably strong negative association between CDAI and the risk of all-cause mortality was only observed in men (<i>p</i> for interaction <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher CDAI is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality exclusively in adult males, underscoring the substantial influence of gender on this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1523171"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet, oxidative stress and MAFLD: a mini review.","authors":"Zenan Hu, Hanxun Yue, Na Jiang, Liang Qiao","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1539578","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1539578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), also known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is a common chronic liver disease. The progression of MAFLD leads to a vicious cycle in which oxidative stress results from the disease that is augmenting de-novo lipid levels and increases steatosis. Most non-enzymatic antioxidants are present in food. Therefore, the present review summarizes the findings of studies on food-derived antioxidants and presents an oxidative stress-related regulatory network in MAFLD, offering new ideas for MAFLD prevention and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1539578"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting 3-year all-cause mortality in rectal cancer patients based on body composition and machine learning.","authors":"Xiangyong Li, Zeyang Zhou, Xiaoyang Zhang, Xinmeng Cheng, Chungen Xing, Yong Wu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1473952","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1473952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The composition of abdominal adipose tissue and muscle mass has been strongly correlated with the prognosis of rectal cancer. This study aimed to develop and validate a machine learning (ML) predictive model for 3-year all-cause mortality after laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LaTME).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who underwent LaTME surgery between January 2018 and December 2020 were included and randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) image parameters and clinical characteristics were collected to establish seven ML models for predicting 3-year survival post-LaTME. The optimal model was determined based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). The SHAPley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values were utilized to interpret the optimal model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 186 patients were recruited and divided into a training cohort (70%, <i>n</i> = 131) and a validation cohort (30%, <i>n</i> = 55). In the training cohort, the AUROCs of the seven ML models ranged from 0.894 to 0.949. In the validation cohort, the AUROCs ranged from 0.727 to 0.911, with the XGBoost model demonstrating the best predictive performance: AUROC = 0.911. SHAP values revealed that subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SAI), visceral adipose tissue index (VAI), skeletal muscle density (SMD), visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (VSR), and subcutaneous adipose tissue density (SAD) were the five most important variables influencing all-cause mortality post-LaTME.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By integrating body composition, multiple ML predictive models were developed and validated for predicting all-cause mortality after rectal cancer surgery, with the XGBoost model exhibiting the best performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1473952"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building blocks of life: improving nutrition and health outcomes through fortification and breastfeeding in the first 1000 days of a child's life.","authors":"Rohini Saran, Jayendra Kasar, Meenakshi Jha, Jatindra K Sahu, Sonu S Babu, Ankur Mutreja","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1517247","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1517247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Micronutrient deficiencies continue to be an important concern in India, particularly among mothers and young children. Food fortification and fortified rice as a scalable and cost-effective solution, has been accepted as a critical intervention to address these deficiencies. Our analysis examines how food fortification can improve the health of mothers and children in India. Focusing on the vital window of first 1,000 days since conception of a child, we examine the benefits of food fortification, the incidence of micronutrient deficiencies, and the incorporation of fortified foods into India's social safety net program. The analysis emphasizes the importance of successful public-private partnerships, local institutional commitment, and long-term political commitment to the success of fortification programs. We further emphasize that to ensure optimal nutrition during this critical stage, it essential to support breastfeeding, establish human milk banks, and encourage complementary feeding alternatives. Policymakers, program implementers, and stakeholders committed to improving maternal and child health outcomes in India will benefit from our findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1517247"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipoprotein subclasses and gastrointestinal cancers: novel perspectives and potential associations.","authors":"Chuang Yang, Dong Liu, Yong Wang, Feng Cao","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1501263","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1501263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the associations between serum lipoprotein subclasses and the long-term risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers to enhance our understanding of the etiology of GI cancers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included 249,450 participants from the UK Biobank. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between 17 serum lipoprotein subclasses with the risk of GI cancers. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was employed to assess the corresponding dose-response relationships. Additionally, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to evaluate the causal relationships between the lipoproteins and the risk of GI cancers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4,787 cases of GI cancers were recorded over a median follow-up period of 12.92 years. Our results revealed that the majority of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses, such as very large-, large-, and medium-HDL-particles, were positively associated, while several low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subclasses were negatively associated with the risk of overall GI cancer. Additionally, RCS analysis revealed a linear dose-response relationship between elevated levels of most lipoprotein particles and the risk of overall GI cancer development. Additionally, subgroup analysis indicated a significant sex-dependent interaction between lipoprotein particles and the risk of GI cancers. However, MR analysis revealed a different causal relationships between lipoprotein and GI cancers at the genetic level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this large-scale metabolomics study, we identified several associations between lipoprotein subclasses and the long-term risk of GI cancers. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate their roles in the mechanisms of cancer development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1501263"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alleviating effect of <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> E15 on hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid metabolism in zebrafish fed by a high-fat diet through the production of short-chain fatty acids.","authors":"Yishu Chen, Kangdi Zheng, Yang Leng, Zhao Zhang, Xiaoling Li, Xiaoyan Li, Huajun Ou, Muhao Wen, Feng Qiu, Huajun Yu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1522982","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1522982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hyperlipidemia is regarded as one of the crucial factors leading to atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. Gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating host lipid metabolism. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms behind this remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present study, a hyperlipidemic zebrafish model was established using a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) to evaluate the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> E15 (<i>L. fermentum</i> E15).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that <i>L. fermentum</i> E15 effectively reduced lipid accumulation in the blood vessels and liver of HCD-fed zebrafish larvae. Meanwhile, <i>L. fermentum</i> E15 improved abnormal lipid levels, and normalized liver enzyme activity. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed that <i>L. fermentum</i> E15 downregulated the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding factor (SREBP-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-<i>γ</i>), and fatty acid synthase (Fasn), while upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-<i>α</i>). Additionally, metabolomic analysis revealed that <i>L. fermentum</i> E15 produced a series of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and isovaleric acid. Notably, isovaleric acid contributed to the reduction of lipid droplet accumulation in the liver and blood vessels of HCD-fed zebrafish larvae. In contrast, blocking G-protein coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) with pertussis toxin (PTX) abolished the effects of <i>L. fermentum</i> E15 and isovaleric acid on reducing lipid accumulation in HCD-fed zebrafish larvae. RT-qPCR results further suggested that both <i>L. fermentum</i> E15 and isovaleric acid promoted the expression of GPR43 and leptin A, which was inhibited by PTX.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggested that <i>L. fermentum</i> E15 alleviates HCD-induced hyperlipidemia by activating GPR43 through SCFAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1522982"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to the cMIND and AIDD diets and their associations with anxiety in older adults in China.","authors":"Yana Qi, Xinyu Xue, Ningsu Chen, Jie Gong, Dongyu Mu, Kai Zhao, Mengnan Zhao, Youping Li, Lei Shi, Jiajie Yu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1548072","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1548072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anxiety is highly prevalent among older adults, and dietary interventions targeting nutrition may offer effective, practical strategies for preventing mental disorders. This study aimed to explore the association between the cMIND diet, anti-inflammatory dietary diversity (AIDD), and the risk of anxiety in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, while adherence to the cMIND diet and AIDD was evaluated through a food frequency questionnaire. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations between dietary patterns and anxiety risk, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) reported. Random forest analysis was used to identify key factors influencing anxiety, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 13,815 participants aged 65 and older were included, with 1,550 (11.2%) identified with anxiety. Multivariable logistic models indicated that adherence to the cMIND diet or higher AIDD was associated with a 16-26% reduced risk of anxiety, with the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for the cMIND diet ranging from 0.75 (0.64-0.87) to 0.75 (0.61-0.91), and for AIDD from 0.74 (0.62-0.88) to 0.84 (0.73-0.96). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability of these findings. Depression and sleep quality were identified as the most important factors contributing to anxiety, while diet was one of the few modifiable factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides evidence supporting the association between diet and anxiety in older adults, highlighting the potential of promoting healthy dietary patterns and targeted nutritional interventions as effective strategies for improving mental health in the aging population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1548072"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.","authors":"Dandan Yang, Hongsheng Dai, Yulu Wang, Jiayi Zhang, Min Wei, Ming Shan, Xiaoqian Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1557751","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1557751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is one of the most widespread chronic liver diseases and a serious global public health problem. Further research to identify novel risk factors associated with MASLD is urgently needed. The non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) was identified as a novel lipid marker. The objective of this research was to assess the association between NHHR and MASLD in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). MASLD was diagnosed in accordance with controlled attenuation parameter scores and a combination of cardiometabolic risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression analyses, in conjunction with the restricted cubic spline method, were employed to investigate the association between NHHR and MASLD risk. Furthermore, subgroup and interaction analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 5,269 individuals, with 2,031 individuals diagnosed with MASLD and 3,238 without MASLD. Logistic regression analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between NHHR and MASLD. After the confounding factors were adjusted, each unit rise in NHHR was correlated with a 39% higher probability of MASLD (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.13-1.69). Subgroup and interaction analyses revealed that the positive correlation between NHHR and MASLD held steady regardless of age, gender, race, poverty-to-income ratio, education level, physical activity, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking status (<i>P</i> for interaction >0.05). In addition, a non-linear relationship with an S-shaped manner between NHHR and MASLD was found, with an inflection point at 1.59.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings imply that an increasing trend in NHHR is associated with a greater risk of MASLD development. NHHR has the potential to function as an indicator for estimating the likelihood of developing MASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1557751"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between nutrient patterns and hospital stay duration and symptoms in COVID-19 in Iranian patients: cross-sectional study.","authors":"Atieh Mirzababaei, Farideh Shiraseb, Azam Mohamadi, Mahya Mehri Hajmir, Sara Ebrahimi, Zeinab Zarrinvafa, Elham Kazemian, Amir Mehrvar, Khadijeh Mirzaei","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1542449","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1542449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An excessively reactive immune system results in the cytokine storm COVID-19. A healthy diet is essential to maintain the balance between the immune system and inflammatory and oxidative stress. Associations between single foods and nutrients and COVID-19 have been examined. However, no prior study has examined associations between nutrient patterns and COVID-19. This study assessed the link between nutrient patterns and the COVID-19 severity and length of hospital stay in Iranian adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 107 Iranian adults aged 20-60 years, who were admitted to Amir Alam Hospital in Tehran, Iran, due to COVID-19. Data on their symptoms were collected through a demographic questionnaire and verified against their hospital records. Three non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls were used to collect participants' food and beverage intake. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to derive nutrient patterns.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 95 Covid patients with a mean age of 46.2 years were included. Four major dietary patterns were identified using the Scree Plot chart, including high carbohydrate and high minerals pattern; high protein and high vitamins pattern; high fat pattern; and poor nutrient pattern. Adherence to the poor nutrient patterns was associated with a higher number of hospitalization days and lower appetite (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The poor dietary patterns were associated with an increased likelihood of headache, fever, and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Also, headaches were more common with adherence to the high-fat pattern (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study show that a poor nutrient pattern is related to longer hospital stays and reduced appetite. It also connected to an increased likelihood of symptoms including headaches, fever, and respiratory distress syndrome. A strong association was found between respiratory distress syndrome, headaches, and a high-fat diet was found. Further studies with prospective designs are needed to better understand and validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1542449"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of replacing grains with quinoa on cardiometabolic risk factors and liver function in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver: a randomized-controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Afsane Gholamrezayi, Somayeh Hosseinpour-Niazi, Parvin Mirmiran, Azita Hekmatdoost","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1505183","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1505183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Quinoa is a food containing dietary fiber and various phytochemicals with high nutritional value, which has a structure similar to whole grains. This randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the effect of substituting grains with quinoa on cardiovascular risk factors and liver function in individuals with Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-six participants were randomly assigned to either a control group, which maintained their regular grain-based diet, or an intervention group, where grains were replaced with quinoa for 12 weeks. Participants in the quinoa group were instructed to substitute grains with quinoa during lunch for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was to assess the changes in the Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) score between the intervention and control groups. Secondary outcomes included the difference in cardiometabolic risk factors and liver function between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following 12 weeks of intervention with quinoa, a significant reduction in weight, and waist circumferences (WC) were observed compared to the control group (<i>p</i> value < 0.05). Furthermore, even after adjustment for weight change, there was a significant reduction in CAP score, serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and an improvement in homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the quinoa group compared to the control group after the 12 weeks (<i>p</i> value < 0.05). However, no significant changes were observed in other measured parameters, including liver enzymes, fibroscan, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and inflammatory factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that replacing grains with quinoa led to a significant improvement in the CAP score, HOMA-IR, and LDL-C in individuals with NAFLD, regardless of any weight changes. Thus, incorporating quinoa-a plentiful and low-cost source of bioactive compounds-into the diets of NAFLS patients as a staple food could improve several cardiometabolic risk factors in these individuals.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>IRCT20100524004010N37.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1505183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}