Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Global, regional, and National Burden of chronic kidney disease attributable to dietary risks from 1990 to 2021.","authors":"Kaixuan Wang, Shuaiqi Chen, Mengmeng Wang, Qingjiang Han, Yuchuan Hou, Xiaohui Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1555159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1555159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary risks are increasingly reported as a cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the trends in the burden of CKD attributable to dietary risks have yet to be fully elucidated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study extracted two major indicators related to CKD caused by dietary risks from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database for the years 1990 to 2021, including deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). It used estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and percentage change to assess the trends in the burden of CKD caused by dietary risks. The relationship between Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and disease burden was also further analyzed. Additionally, we utilized the contemporary age-period-cohort model from NORDPRED to project future burden of CKD attributable to dietary risks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, globally, the number of deaths due to CKD caused by dietary risks was 317,010, and the number of DALYs was 7,971,281, approximately 2-3 times that of 1990, and it was expected to continue to rise before 2040. The global death rates and DALY rates of CKD related to dietary risks had increased, with EAPCs of 0.63 (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.69) and 0.39 (95% CI: 0.35 to 0.42), respectively. From a gender perspective, men were more likely to suffer from CKD due to dietary risks. From an age pattern perspective, in 2021, the number of deaths due to CKD caused by dietary risks peaked among men aged 70-74 and women aged 85-89. Additionally, the highest number of DALYs due to CKD caused by dietary risks was observed among men and women aged 65-69. In terms of socioeconomic factors, from 1990 to 2021, as the SDI increased, the age-standardized death rates and DALY rates due to CKD caused by dietary risks generally decreased. Among the seven dietary habits related to dietary risks, low vegetable intake, low fruit intake, and high sodium intake had the greatest impact.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, over the past 32 years, the burden of CKD attributable to dietary risks has rapidly increased globally, and it is expected to continue rising until 2040. Therefore, interdisciplinary actions involving education, policy, and healthcare should be taken to mitigate this growing trend.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1555159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy dietary patterns, biological aging, and kidney stones: evidence from NHANES 2007-2018.","authors":"Chengcheng Wei, Qian Yang, Jingke He, Yu Luo, Kun Han, Junkun Li, Shuai Su, Jindong Zhang, Hongxing Wang, Delin Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1538289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1538289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to investigate the comprehensive association between healthy dietary patterns, biological aging, and kidney stones in a large population-based cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 6 cycles of NHANES surveys from 2007 to 2018 and included a total of 26,755 participants. The association was examined using logistic regression, restricted cubic splines, and a mediation model. Machine learning with Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) was used to determine the relative importance of dietary factors. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to validate the stability of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A higher healthy dietary score was significantly associated with a reduced risk of kidney stone prevalence, as indicated by the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.69-0.84), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Index (DASHI) (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.58-0.77), the Healthy Eating Index 2020 (HEI-2020) (OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.72-0.89), and the Mediterranean Diet Index (MEDI) (OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.73-0.89). Conversely, higher aging indicators were associated with an increased risk of kidney stones, including the following: Klemera-Doubal Method Age (KDMAge) (OR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.70-3.37) and Phenotypic Age (PhenoAge) (OR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.75-3.19). Mediation analyses suggested that aging indicators significantly mediated the relationship between healthy dietary patterns and kidney stones. Machine learning with SHAP revealed the relative importance of dietary patterns and specific dietary components in this association. The sensitivity analysis was largely consistent with the primary analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between dietary patterns, biological aging, and the risk of kidney stone. Promoting healthy dietary patterns may be an effective strategy for kidney stone prevention, potentially through the modulation of biological aging processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1538289"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brown-shell eggs shows high incidence of blood and meat spots accompanied by unique microbial distribution patterns.","authors":"Junfeng Wu, Yiyuan Yan, Jiahua Chen, Junying Li, Guangqi Li, Guiqin Wu, Bin Wang, Gang Zheng, Yuqin Yang, Yushuang Du, Ling Lian","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1561194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1561194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The blood and meat spots in eggs are recognized as defects for egg quality. The frequency of blood and meat spots in brown-shell eggs is much higher than that in white-shell eggs in previous studies. However, the actual occurrence frequency and their effects on the microbial composition in eggs remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we examined the frequency of blood and meat spots in brown-shell and white-shell eggs, respectively, from Rhode Island Red and White Leghorn chickens at seven ages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that blood and meat spots in brown-shell eggs exhibit much higher average frequency (63.99%) than that in white-shell eggs (1.37%). Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between the presence of blood and meat spots and the microbial community distribution in the egg albumen and yolk. Briefly, we selected brown-shell eggs (<i>n</i> = 112) from Rhode Island Red, among which 51 eggs showing blood/meat spots were classified as RIR_CASE, and 61 normal eggs without blood/meat spot were classified as RIR_CON. Additional white-eggshell eggs (<i>n</i> = 124) without blood/meat spots from White Leghorn were selected as WL_CON. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed in both egg white and yolk. The results indicated that neither egg white nor yolk is sterile, with Proteobacteria identified as the dominant bacterial phyla. The microbial alpha diversity in both egg white and yolk of RIR_CASE was significantly lower compared to RIR_CON and WL_CON. Beta diversity analysis showed that the Weighted UniFrac Distance between RIR_CASE and RIR_CON in the egg yolk group was significantly larger than the distance between WL_CON and RIR_CON. It suggested that the difference of microbial diversity was mainly caused by blood and meat spots other than by chicken breeds. LEfSe analysis identified eight microbial taxa closely linked to the presence of blood and meat spots in egg white or yolk. Moreover, through the combination of random forest analysis, we identified the unique microbial biomarkers Comamonas_F and Chryseobacterium in the egg white of the RIR_CASE group.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our study indicates that eggs with blood and meat spots occur at a higher frequency in brown-shell chickens and are accompanied by a distinct microbial community distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1561194"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher estimated dietary intake of live microbes is associated with lower mortality in US adults.","authors":"Xuna Liu, Yiwen Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1514500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1514500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few studies have discussed the health benefits of total dietary intake of live microbes (TDIIM). We investigated the relationship between daily estimated TDIIM and mortality in US adults.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cohort study included subjects ≥18 years from the 1999-2018 NHANES and their mortality data through December 31, 2019. The TDIIM counts were estimated based on a prior classification system, with foods categorized into low (<10^7 CFU/g), medium (10^7-10^10 CFU/g), and high (>10^10 CFU/g) levels of live microbes. Individual intakes were calculated by multiplying the microbial levels by the corresponding grams of food consumed. Weighted Cox regression models, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to estimate the association between all-cause and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality and TDIIM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 52,383 participants, during a median follow-up period of 118.75 months, a total of 7,711 deaths were recorded, of which 1,985 were CVD deaths. In the weighted Cox regression model, compared to participants with low TDIIM, those with high intake have lower risks of all-cause mortality (HR 0.91; 95% CI, 0.82-1.00; P for trend, 0.01), and CVD mortality (HR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.95; P for trend, 0.005). In the RCS analysis, the relationship between TDIIM and all-cause mortality exhibited a non-linear pattern with a gradual decline followed by a plateau at higher intakes, while a linear decreasing trend was observed with CVD mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that participants with low TDIIM had a higher risk of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this cohort study of US adults, a higher estimated TDIIM reduced the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. These findings suggest that the ingestion of live microbes in the diet may be advantageous for human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1514500"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary patterns associated with benign breast nodules by subtypes: a cross-sectional study in southeast China.","authors":"Pingxiu Zhu, Mei He, Jiamin Gong, Qingling Su, Ruimei Feng, Yundan Cai, Weihong Qiu, Haomin Yang, Shanshan Du, Weimin Ye","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1500853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1500853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary patterns influence women's risk of breast cancer, but few studies have investigated the association with benign breast nodules, a well-established risk factor for breast cancer, especially by subtypes of the disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of 3,483 women enrolled in the Fuqing Cohort Study in southeast China was conducted from 2020 to 2021. Dietary patterns were identified from food frequency questionnaires using principal component analysis, and the scores for these patterns were divided into quartiles. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between dietary patterns and benign breast nodules.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found four dietary patterns among the women: animal-based dietary pattern, plant-based dietary pattern, fried food/dessert pattern, and nuts pattern. Compared with the lowest quartile, women in the highest quartile of the scores for the animal-based dietary pattern were more likely to have cystic breast nodules (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.12-2.32, and the <i>P</i>-value for trend test = 0.007), especially in postmenopausal women. In addition, women with a high score for fried food/dessert pattern also had higher odds of breast cystic nodules (<i>P</i>-value for trend test = 0.012), with an OR (95% CI) of 1.46 (1.01-2.09) for the fourth quartile group. However, there were no associations between these dietary patterns and solid breast nodules.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Animal-based dietary pattern and fried food/dessert pattern were positively associated with cystic breast nodules. These findings suggested the role of unhealthy dietary habits in the development of breast nodules.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1500853"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction between dietary selenium intake and age on severe headache or migraine in the United States: a population-based study.","authors":"Xinping Yu, Lanxiang Wu, Heqing Zheng, Wei Wu, Sheng Tian","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1537151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1537151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies have shown that an antioxidant diet is a protective factor against migraine. However, the association between selenium, an important antioxidant consumed from the diet, and migraine has received little attention. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between dietary selenium intake with migraine, with particular interest in age differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study based on cross-sectional data from people who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2004. The multiple logistic regression model was applied to examine the association between selenium intake and migraine, and subgroup analyses were performed. Non-linear associations were explored with restricted cubic spline (RCS) models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included a total of 9,849 adults aged 20 years and older. Compared with individuals with lowest selenium intake Q1 (≤59.4 ug/day), the adjusted OR values for selenium intake and migraine in Q2 (59.41-82.70 ug/day), Q3 (82.71-106 ug/day), Q4 (106.01-143.16 ug/day), and Q5 (≥143.17 ug/day) were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.64-1.05), 0.99 (95% CI: 0.77-1.26), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.54-0.99), and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.48-0.97), respectively. Sensitivity analyses showed a robust association between them. Our findings also suggested an interaction between age and selenium intake (<i>p</i> for interaction = 0.04). Additionally, the relationship between selenium intake and migraine in adults with 20-50 years was L-shaped. The OR of developing migraine was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.94-0.98) in individuals with selenium intake ≥101.9 ug/day in adults with 20-50 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A higher dietary selenium intake is significantly associated with a decreased prevalence of migraine, and age can modify the association between them. Therefore, the present study indicate that an appropriate intake of selenium-rich foods in adults aged 20-50 years may prevent migraines.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1537151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective cohort study of H-type hypertension and its influence on the prognostic effect in patients with non-dialysis CKD.","authors":"Xiaoyu Cai, Menglei Ju, Xinying Jiang, Shengnan Ge, Yuzhang Han, Shumin Lin, Hui Peng, Man Li, Cheng Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1554663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1554663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study aimed to investigate the impact of coexistence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and hypertension (HTN), referred to as H-type hypertension on kidney outcomes and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study enrolled 2,558 non-dialysis CKD patients admitted to two medical centers in China between 2010 and 2022. The participants were divided into four groups according to baseline blood pressure and homocysteine levels: (1) normotension with normohomocysteinemia; (2) normotension with HHcy; (3) hypertension with normohomocysteinemia; and (4) H-type hypertension. Cox regression model was applied to assess the relationship between these groups and renal outcomes/MACCEs. Mediation analysis was performed to assess the influence of HHcy on the link between hypertension and the outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three hundred and eighty renal endpoint events and 211 MACCEs were recorded. The H-type hypertension group demonstrated higher incidence of renal events (age-adjusted incidence: 83.71/1,000 person-years vs. 24.50/1,000 person-years) and MACCEs (age-adjusted incidence: 41.28/1,000 person-years vs. 17.21/1,000 person-years) compared to the normotension with normohomocysteinemia group. After adjusting for confounders, H-type hypertension independently elevated the risk of kidney outcomes by 312% (HR = 4.12, 95% CI: 2.66-6.37) and MACCEs by 127% (HR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.28-4.02). No statistically significant mediated effect of HHcy on the relationship between hypertension and renal outcomes or MACCEs was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>H-type hypertension is associated with renal deterioration and cardiovascular events in non-dialysis CKD patients, early detections of H-type hypertension are essential to enhancing the prognosis for CKD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1554663"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional study on the association between major dietary pattern and impaired fasting glucose.","authors":"Sara Shojaei-Zarghani, Mohammad Reza Fattahi, Asma Kazemi, Nastaran Najafi, Ali Reza Safarpour","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1521571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1521571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a precursor to type 2 diabetes and is influenced by dietary factors. This cross-sectional study assessed the association between major dietary patterns and IFG in the baseline phase of PERSIAN Kavar cohort study (PKCS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 3,144 participants aged 35-70 years. After assessing dietary intakes by a food frequency questionnaire, principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Logistic regression model was applied to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between dietary patterns and IFG.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three major dietary patterns were identified: healthy, Western-like, and CarnFat (Carnivorous-fat). In the fully adjusted model, individuals in the highest tertile of the healthy dietary pattern had a lower likelihood of IFG compared to those in the lowest tertile (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.53-0.88). The second tertile of the healthy pattern was also associated with lower odds of IFG (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62-0.96). No significant associations were found for the Western-like and CarnFat dietary patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A healthy dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, nuts, seeds, olive oil, legumes, fish, and whole grains was associated with a lower risk of IFG. These findings highlight the importance of promoting healthy dietary patterns for the prevention of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1521571"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of zinc deficiency and clinical symptoms, inflammatory markers, severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized children.","authors":"Vita Perestiuk, Tetyana Kosovska, Liubov Volianska, Oksana Boyarchuk","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1566505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1566505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Zinc plays an important role in the functioning of the immune system. Zinc deficiency leads to increased susceptibility to inflammatory and infectious diseases. There are few studies investigating the role of zinc in the development and progression of COVID-19 in children, and their findings remain inconsistent. This study aimed to determine the zinc levels in children with COVID-19 and assess their association with symptoms, inflammation markers, and disease progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study included hospitalized patients under 18 years who had a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Serum zinc concentrations were measured using a colorimetric method. Based on zinc levels, the children were divided into two groups: the first group had concentrations below 10.7 μmol/L, indicating zinc deficiency, while the second group had levels above 10.7 μmol/L, which was considered within the optimal range.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 140 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were examined. Zinc deficiency was identified in 40 children (28.6%), while optimal levels were found in 100 children (71.4%). Zinc status did not depend on the age of the children. Among the symptoms of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, children with zinc deficiency showed a trend toward more frequent fever occurrences (<i>p</i> = 0.0654). No significant impact of zinc status was observed on the severity of COVID-19 or the duration of hospitalization. Children with zinc deficiency had higher median values of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (1.84 vs. 1.09, <i>p</i> = 0.0010), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (9.65 vs. 3.96 mg/L, <i>p</i> = 0.0053), and fibrinogen levels (2.88 vs. 2.07 g/L, <i>p</i> = 0.0057) compared to those with adequate zinc levels. Additionally, the percentage of patients with a NLR greater than 4, elevated CRP, and fibrinogen levels was higher in the zinc-deficient group (<i>p</i> = 0.0017, <i>p</i> = 0.0107, <i>p</i> = 0.0338, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Zinc deficiency was observed in 28.6% of children with COVID-19 and was not dependent on age. Children with hypozincemia had higher levels of inflammation markers, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and CRP.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1566505"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional association of oxidative balance score with cataract among US adults: NHANES 1999-2008.","authors":"Ning Li, Yuchen Fan, Juan Li, Juanjuan Guo, Jianfeng Wang, Ziqing Gao","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1555631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1555631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of cataracts. As a comprehensive indicator of an individual's oxidative stress status, OBS integrates dietary antioxidant intake and lifestyle factors, providing a holistic assessment of oxidative-antioxidative balance. However, research on the association between OBS and cataracts remains limited. Therefore, our study aims to bridge this research gap and provide novel epidemiological evidence supporting the role of oxidative stress in cataract prevention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 13,409 subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 1999 and 2008 were selected. The OBS was calculated based on 16 dietary factors and 4 lifestyle factors. Weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were employed to assess the association between OBS and cataract.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of cataract was found to be 12.2%. The restricted cubic spline analysis did not support a non-linear association between OBS and the prevalence of cataract (<i>p</i> = 0.742). After categorizing participants into quartiles based on OBS, those in the Q4 group exhibited lower odds of developing cataract (OR: 0.827, 95% CI: 0.713, 0.958, <i>p</i> < 0.01) compared to the Q1 group. Subgroup analysis revealed that significant associations were observed only among males, individuals with an education level below high school, those with a poverty income ratio (PIR) ranging from 1.3 to 3.49, and individuals with a Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) of 2 or higher.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The OBS demonstrated a strong negative correlation with cataract prevalence. These results underscore the importance of adhering to an antioxidant-rich diet and lifestyle for cataract prevention, as well as the need to consider individual and population-specific factors in future research and prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1555631"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}