Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Bacterial cellulose scaffolds derived from brewing waste for cultivated meat applications.","authors":"Christian Harrison, Elif Gokoglan, Richard M Day","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1656960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1656960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The negative externalities of conventional meat production are driving a search for sustainable alternative proteins. Cultivated meat (CM) is one such alternative, but its development is constrained by the need for sustainable, edible, and low-cost cellular scaffolds that can replicate animal tissue texture and structure. Bacterial cellulose (BC) derived from brewer's spent yeast (BSY) could provide a scalable and affordable scaffold material for structured CM products.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The composition of BSY and its ability to support BC growth were assessed through metabolic analysis and growth trials. Properties relevant to CM applications of BSY-derived BC were then investigated. Scanning electron microscopy was used to quantify surface porosity. Mechanical properties were measured using texture profile analysis. Thermal and chemical properties were assessed using differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and biocompatibility was evaluated through cell attachment assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BSY supported BC production, yielding material with structural, thermal, and textural properties comparable to BC grown on conventional media and similar to conventional meat products. BSY-derived BC also supported L929 fibroblasts, with 35.9% ± 2.5% cell attachment after 24 h and evidence of continued proliferation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings demonstrate that BSY can be effectively valorized to produce BC scaffolds for CM. This approach offers a cost-effective and sustainable strategy to improve the scalability of cultivated meat, contributing to future sustainable food production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1656960"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12491056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of nutrition on HPV-associated inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yuan Li, Lijuan Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1612919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1612919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is a key etiologic cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>By applying MeSH terms and keywords relating to HPV, nutrition, and inflammation, sources such as PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were examined until April 2025. Two reviewers separately selected the studies, extracted the information, and assessed the possibility of bias. Pooled estimates were computed using random-effects, with GRADE assessing confidence. 77 studies from 17 countries were included, of which the most represented were the USA (16 studies), China (12), and Iran (6). The types of studies comprised 38 case-control, 11 cross-sectional, 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 7 cohort studies, and 14 nested studies. Nutrients assessed included vitamins A, C, D, E, K, B-complex (particularly B6, B12, and folate), carotenoids (<i>β</i>-carotene, lycopene, lutein), and minerals like selenium, zinc, and calcium.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The higher dietary intake or serum levels of micronutrients were associated with reduced persistence of HPV and decrease the risk of CIN and cervical cancer. Key findings by subgroup include: Based on 8 studies, involving 2,003 women, a protective vitamin E (particularly <i>α</i>-tocopherol) effect against HPV and cervical neoplasia (SMD = 0.46 [0.36, 0.57]; <i>p</i> < 0.0001; I² = 21.3%; GRADE: Moderate) was noted. Across 5 studies, including 727 women, both oral and vaginal vitamin D supplementation reduced CIN2/3 lesions and improved inflammatory markers (SMD = 0.81 [0.69, 0.93]; <i>p</i> < 0.00001; I² = 0%; GRADE: High). From 6 studies (1,246 individuals) the consistent inverse associations between vitamin A intake/status and risk of cervical cancer (SMD = 0.77 [0.68, 0.87]; <i>p</i> < 0.0001; I² = 16.6%; GRADE: Moderate) was observed. Across 4 studies (1,130 women), folate and Vitamin B12 showed protective role in reducing HPV persistence and CIN progression, with favorable effects on DNA methylation and viral clearance (SMD = 0.80 [0.65, 0.95]; <i>p</i> < 0.00001; I² = 0%; GRADE: High). Selenium supplementation, notably in Iranian trials (GRADE: Moderate) improved oxidative and immune profiles and was associated with CIN2 regression. Zinc and calcium were associated with immune enhancement and viral suppression (GRADE: Low to moderate).</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1612919"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12490988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid whey valorization: novel approaches for probiotic and functional products development.","authors":"B Mutaliyeva, E Turkeyeva, G Madybekova, L Živković, Vssl Prasad Talluri, A Issayeva, M Vinceković","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1630925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1630925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acid whey, a byproduct of dairy processing, particularly from Greek yogurt and cottage cheese production, presents significant environmental and economic challenges due to its high organic load and disposal restrictions. However, the unique composition of acid whey, containing proteins, lactose, minerals, and bioactive compounds, presents promising opportunities for the development of functional, value-added products. This review explores innovative approaches to acid whey valorization, emphasizing biotechnological methods, fermentation techniques, and advanced membrane filtration processes. Comparative analysis of sweet and acid whey compositions underscores specific challenges and advantages in acid whey utilization, various valorization strategies, such as membrane filtration and ultrafiltration, osmosis, enzymatic, and microbial processing, highlighting their effectiveness in ingredient recovery and product development. It also identifies suitable microorganisms capable of efficiently metabolizing acid whey and enhancing the nutritional and functional profiles of derived products. Special attention is given to fermented beverages and other functional products developed from acid whey, incorporating novel strategies to optimize fermentation processes. Moreover, this review details recent advancements in probiotic microencapsulation technologies, demonstrating their effectiveness in maintaining and enhancing probiotic viability in acid whey-based functional beverages. The success of these functional products significantly depends on selecting appropriate probiotic strains, encapsulation materials, and innovative microencapsulation methods. Finally, the article addresses current limitations and outlines future research perspectives, highlighting the potential applications of acid whey-derived products in food, beverages, animal feed, and bioenergy sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1630925"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid profile analysis of donkey milk during the lactation.","authors":"Xinyi Du, Zongjie Ma, Changfa Wang, Miaomiao Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1662407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1662407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>From ancient times, donkey milk (DM) has attracted much attention due to its particular properties. Donkey milk is characterized by a high level of lactose and low levels of protein and fat. However, studies investigating lipid changes in DM during lactation are limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The lipid profile of DM at different lactation stages was analyzed using lipidomics in this study. Milk samples were collected from six lactating Dezhou donkeys on days 1, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 of lactation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,552 lipids were identified, belonging to 5 major categories and 21 subclasses. Glycerophospholipids (GP, 62.11%) and sphingolipids (SP, 22.94%) were the predominant categories. At the subclass level, phosphatidylcholine (PC, 27.26%), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE, 17.59%), and phosphatidylserine (PS, 6.77%) were the most abundant lipids. Significant variations in the levels of GP, SP, glycerolipids (GL), and free fatty acids (FA) were observed across lactation stages. Colostrum was rich in GP and SP, whereas mature milk contained more GL. Regarding FA, mature milk had a higher content of linolenic acid than colostrum, while colostrum was richer in carnitines. Fourteen lipids were identified as potential biomarkers for distinguishing between DM from different lactation stages.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results indicate that the lactation stage significantly affects the lipid composition of DM. This study provides a detailed lipidomic profile of DM, which will facilitate its further development and utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1662407"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12491274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of formulated palmitoylethanolamide supplementation on indicators of stress and heart rate variability in female university students: a randomised cross-over trial.","authors":"Sanjoy K Deb, Nadia Kim, Brenda Parolin, Derek Renshaw, Mohammed Gulrez Zariwala","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1586409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1586409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic stress is a prevalent issue among university students, negatively affecting both mental and physiological health. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), particularly in the Levagen+® formulation, has been investigated for its potential stress-modulating effects through its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. This study aimed to assess the effects of 6 weeks of Levagen+® PEA supplementation on physiological and subjective markers of stress in moderately stressed female university students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted with 16 female participants who met the inclusion criteria based on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 6 weeks of PEA supplementation (600 mg/day) or a placebo, with a six-week washout period. Stress responses were assessed through heart rate variability (HRV), subjective stress and mood measures (PSS, PANAS), and salivary cortisol levels. To enhance ecological validity, assessments were conducted in real-life settings rather than laboratory environments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PEA supplementation significantly increased the Standard Deviation of Normal-to-Normal (SDNN), a key HRV marker associated with autonomic resilience to stress (+9.70 ± 6.02 ms) compared to placebo (-5.72 ± 3.14 ms, <i>p</i> = 0.024), suggesting enhanced physiological stress regulation. While there was a trend of increased Root Mean Square Successive Difference (RMSSD) with PEA, it did not significantly change between conditions (<i>p</i> = 0.087). Similarly, a trend toward reduced self-reported stress was observed, though it did not reach statistical significance. No significant changes were detected in positive (<i>p</i> = 0.78) or negative (<i>p</i> = 0.95) emotions experienced. Salivary cortisol levels remained unchanged between conditions (<i>p</i> = 0.70).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This exploratory study demonstrates for the first time that PEA supplementation may enhance physiological resilience to stress as indicated by improved HRV. While subjective stress and emotional measures did not show significant changes, the observed trend suggests potential benefits in individuals experiencing moderate stress. Given PEA's role in the endocannabinoid system and its influence on inflammation, further research is warranted in larger and more diverse populations, including individuals with higher baseline stress levels. These preliminary findings contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting PEA as a promising dietary intervention for stress management.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT06225440.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1586409"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12491018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease attributable to red meat consumption from 1990 to 2021.","authors":"Jie Gu, Jiaying Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1666684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1666684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>High red meat is a crucial risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, detailed reports on the burden of CKD due to red meat are limited. We aimed to assess the global, regional and national trends in CKD attributable to high red meat.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A comprehensive analysis was performed using data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR) were key parameters used to evaluate CKD burden. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to evaluate the secular trends of ASMR/ASDR. We further explored the associations of socio-demographic index (SDI) with ASMR/ASDR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1990 to 2021, CKD caused by high red meat led to a continuous rise in global ASMR/ASDR. Regionally, both ASMR and ASDR of CKD showed slight positive correlations with SDI, with correlation coefficients of 0.16 and 0.20, respectively. High SDI region experienced the heaviest disease burden, with the most significant increase in ASMR [EAPC 0.44 (95% CI: 0.36-0.52)], related to aging and epidemiological changes. Middle SDI region followed closely, with the highest ASDR increase [EAPC 0.44 (95% CI: 0.36-0.52)]. The USA had the highest number of CKD deaths due to high red meat, followed by China. Type 2 diabetes was the primary mediator linking increased red meat consumption to CKD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CKD attributable to high red meat consumption has led to a continuous rise in global burden from 1990 to 2021, with high and middle SDI regions bearing the brunt of the burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1666684"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12491058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher BMI reduces mortality in elderly and Stage III colorectal cancer patients: insights from a multicenter cohort study.","authors":"Yihuan Qiao, Boyu Kang, Yu Jiang, Zecheng Zhang, Baoliang Hu, Jiawei Song, Hongjiang Ma, Shuai Liu, Yongtao Du, Qi Wang, Yajie Guo, Shihao Qin, Zhaobang Tan, Jun Zhu, Yi Huang, Jipeng Li","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1655707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1655707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health concern, with obesity rates rising and an observed obesity paradox where higher body mass index (BMI) is linked to better outcomes in certain patient groups. This study aims to explore how age and tumor stage modify the association between BMI and mortality risk in CRC patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 4,114 CRC patients who underwent surgery between December 2013 and December 2019. Patients were categorized by BMI, age, and TNM stage. Multivariate Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to assess the impact of BMI on mortality risk, adjusting for potential confounders such as age, sex, and cancer stage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher BMI was associated with lower mortality risk across the study population. Specifically, the protective effect of higher BMI was most pronounced in patients aged 65 and older and in those with Stage III disease. The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that each unit increase in BMI was associated with a 7% decrease in mortality risk. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed significant survival benefits for higher BMI in patients aged 65 and older and in Stage III patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher BMI is associated with lower mortality risk in colorectal cancer patients, particularly in those aged 65 and older and those with Stage III disease. These findings highlight the importance of considering BMI, age, and TNM stage jointly in clinical practice for CRC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1655707"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12491041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary strategies for optimizing omega-3 fatty acid intake: a nutrient database-based evaluation in Taiwan.","authors":"Shih-An Lu, I-Ta Lee, Chui Xuan Tan, Shang-Ta Wang, Keerthi Praveen, Wei-Ju Lee","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1661702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1661702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Omega-3 fatty acid consumption is increasingly important for overall health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study assessed the effectiveness of different omega-3 sources, including oils, nuts, seeds, and aquatic foods, in a particular cultural setting using information from the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration Food Nutrient Database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among edible oils, 22.7% contained omega-3 levels exceeding 0.2 g/g, with flaxseed oil requiring only 2-3 g/day to meet α-linolenic acid (ALA) recommendations of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Flaxseed, rapeseed, walnut, canola, and soybean oils can meet ALA intake recommendations, with flaxseed and chia seeds being the most efficient sources, requiring only 5-7 g/day. Mackerel and Pacific saury were the most efficient eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) sources, requiring only 6 g/day, whereas 81% of crustaceans and 73.3% of mollusks contained <0.01 g/g of omega-3, necessitating much higher intake. Integration with the Food Consumption Database showed that while the 95th percentile and mean ALA intakes exceeded NIH recommendations, median levels fell below, indicating a deficiency risk for over half the population. EPA and DHA intake were generally inadequate, particularly among girls aged 16-18 and children under 3, except in adults and the elderly.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings underscore the need to promote public awareness of potential omega-3 deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1661702"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12491008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term dietary restriction changes lipid homeostasis and consequently impairs testosterone production in aged <i>Wistar</i> rats.","authors":"Srdjan Sokanovic, Milica Prvulovic, Valentina Simeunovic, Smilja Pracer, Aleksandra Mladenovic","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1665682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1665682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Testosterone (T) is a central androgen responsible for the maintenance of vegetative and reproductive functions and sexual behavior in males. T is mainly synthesized through the process of testicular steroidogenesis with cholesterol (CHOL) as the initial precursor. It is known that T levels gradually decrease, along with an increase in CHOL, LDL-C, triglycerides (TG), and a decrease in HDL-C in advanced stages of life. Dietary restriction (DR) ameliorates lipid status and raises T levels in obese and overweight men. Here, we investigated whether the beneficial effects of DR on serum lipid status consequently improve T production at advanced stages; therefore, we exposed male <i>Wistar rats</i> to long-term DR (LTDR, 18 months). We confirmed an age-related decrease in serum T levels, reduced expression of genes and proteins of steroidogenic machinery with a simultaneous increase in serum CHOL, LDL-C, and TG levels. LTDR additionally decreased T synthesis, expression of <i>Star</i>/StAR and <i>Cyp11a1</i>/CYP11A1, and testicular CHOL levels. At the same time, LTDR reduced serum CHOL, LDL-C, and TG levels and increased HDL-C levels. To confirm that the effects of DR are determined by the duration of the treatment, we also checked the effects of the short-term DR (STDR, 3 months) and demonstrated that STDR did not alter T levels and did not affect serum lipids. Our results indicate the importance of sustained systemic lipid homeostasis for T production in advanced life stages and show that the effects of restricted food intake on testicular androgen capacity depend on the duration of DR.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1665682"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12490992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network study of the nutritional patterns, the metabolic and the psychological status among overweight-obese young adults.","authors":"Geovany Genaro Reivan Ortiz, Roser Granero, Daniel Icaza, Laura Maraver-Capdevila","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1666688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1666688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The classification of severely overweight individuals as \"metabolically unhealthy obese\" (MUO) versus \"metabolically healthy obese\" (MHO) is based on the presence or absence of cardio-metabolic risk factors, respectively. However, evidence is limited for the differences in the underlying relationships between nutritional habits, physical measures and psychological features. This study applies network analysis to visualize the interrelationships between nutritional dietary patterns, physical measures and psychological variables in young overweight or obese adults. In addition, we identified the nodes with the highest centrality indexes, and explored their empirical modularity. Stratified networks were obtained separately for MHO versus MUO subsamples, in order to explore differences in metabolic status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from <i>N</i> = 188 young overweight or obese adults (university students, men and women aged 18 and 25 years) and subsequently analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the MHO group, stress was identified as the bridge node, with the strongest connections with other psychological features (depression and anxiety), physical measures (body mass index, triacylglycerol, hypertension and glucose) and a nutritional pattern characterized by the intake of carbohydrates, fat and sodium. In contrast, in the MUO group, a nutritional pattern characterized by high consumption of fats and sodium, closely followed by cholesterol levels, emerged as the bridge node, with strong links to other dietary habits and variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Identification of the most influential nodes among young individuals with and without cardio-metabolic risk factors provides valuable insights for the design of targeted treatment strategies. A combination of classical approaches (such as change in diet, physical activity, anti-obesity drugs and bariatric surgery) with psychotherapy (such as cognitive behavioral strategies, particularly stress management and problem-solving techniques) is especially important among MHO patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1666688"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12490989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}