Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Ketogenic diet improves fertility in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a brief report","authors":"Yumiko Tsushima, Noura Nachawi, Kevin M. Pantalone, Marcio L. Griebeler, Ula Abed Alwahab","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1395977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1395977","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects up to 20 % of reproductive-age individuals and is strongly linked to obesity. The impacts of ketogenic diet on fertility in people with PCOS are unknown. This study aims to determine the effect of a ketogenic diet on restoration of regular menstrual cycles and fertility.MethodsAfter approval from the Institutional Review Boards of Cleveland Clinic, a retrospective analysis was conducted using the electronic health record system. We analyzed data from thirty patients (n = 30) with polycystic ovary syndrome who followed a ketogenic diet for at least 3 months at the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Main outcomes were percentage of women with restoration of regular menstrual cycles and pregnancy rate.ResultsAll women (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 30) had restoration of regular menstrual cycles. The overall pregnancy rate of women desiring pregnancy (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 18) was 55.6% (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 10). Pregnancy rate was 38.5% for women on metformin and 100% for those who were not (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.036). Pregnancy rate was 62.5% for women using ovulation induction agents and 50.0% for those who did not (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.66). Percent weight change between the pregnant and non-pregnant groups did not significantly differ [−8.1 ± 6.2, vs −6.4 ± 8.4, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.64, respectively].ConclusionThis study reports a higher rate of pregnancy with the ketogenic diet in women with PCOS compared to existing literature.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary selenium intake and sarcopenia in American adults","authors":"Jianfen Li, Chaohui Jiang, Lingfeng Wu, Jiangyan Tian, Bin Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1449980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1449980","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundThe relationship between dietary selenium intake and sarcopenia remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigates the associations between dietary selenium intake and sarcopenia among American adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed data from 19,696 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the periods 1999–2006 and 2011–2018. Appendicular muscle mass, assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and adjusted for body mass index, was used as a marker for sarcopenia. Dietary selenium intake was evaluated using the 24-h dietary recall system, and the study accounted for the complex sampling methodology and incorporated dietary sample weights in the analysis.ResultsAmong the 19,696 participants, the prevalence of sarcopenia was found to be 8.46%. When compared to the lowest quintile of dietary selenium intake (Q1, &amp;lt; 80.10 μg/day), the odds ratios for sarcopenia in the second quintile (Q2, 80.10–124.61 μg/day) and the third quintile (Q3, &amp;gt;124.61 μg/day) were 0.80 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70–0.92, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.002] and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.51–0.73, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), respectively. A negative relationship was observed between dietary selenium intake and sarcopenia (non-linear: <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.285). Furthermore, sensitivity analyses revealed a robust association between selenium intake and the prevalence of sarcopenia after further adjusting for blood selenium levels.ConclusionThe results suggest an inverse association between dietary selenium intake and the prevalence of sarcopenia among American adults.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VDR gene TaqI (rs731236) polymorphism affects gut microbiota diversity and composition in a Caucasian population","authors":"Rocío Gonzalez-Soltero, Mariangela Tabone, Mar Larrosa, Maria Bailen, Carlo Bressa","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1423472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1423472","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundThe VDR gene is identified as a crucial host factor, influencing the gut microbiota. The current research focuses on an observational study that compares gut microbiota composition among individuals with different VDR gene TaqI polymorphisms in a Caucasian Spanish population. This study aims to elucidate the interplay between genetic variations in the VDR gene and the gut microbial composition.Methods87 healthy participants (57 men, 30 women), aged 18 to 48 years, were examined. Anthropometric measures, body composition, and dietary habits were assessed. VDR gene polymorphism TaqI rs731236 was determined using TaqMan assays. The V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced to study bacterial composition, which was analyzed using QIIME2, DADA2 plugin, and PICRUSt2. Statistical analyses included tests for normal distribution, alpha/beta diversity, ADONIS, LEfSe, and DESeq2, with established significance thresholds.ResultsNo significant differences in body composition or dietary habits were observed based on VDR genotypes. Dietary intake analysis revealed no variations in energy, macronutrients, or fiber among the different VDR genotypes. Fecal microbiota analysis indicated significant differences in alpha diversity as measured by Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity index. Differential abundance analysis identified taxonomic disparities, notably in the genera <jats:italic>Parabacteroides</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Butyricimonas</jats:italic>.ConclusionOverall, this study suggests potential associations between genetic variations in the VDR gene and the composition and function of gut microbiota.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pickle water ameliorates castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice by regulating the homeostasis of the gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal barrier","authors":"Tian Zhou, Dongmei Long, Maoting Zhou, Xianghong Hu, Yu Wang, Xing Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1455091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1455091","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionDiarrhea is a common clinical condition that can potentially be fatal. Current treatment options often have side effects, such as constipation and vomiting, and there remains a need for more effective therapies. Pickled vegetables, a famous traditional food in China, have been suggested in clinical studies to alleviate diarrhea in children, particularly through the use of pickle water (PW). However, the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of PW on intestinal health remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of PW on castor oil-induced diarrhea in ICR mice and to investigate its potential mechanisms.MethodsTo evaluate the antidiarrheal effects of PW, we used a castor oil-induced diarrhea model in ICR mice. Various indices were measured to assess the severity of diarrhea. After euthanizing the mice, oxidative stress markers in the ileum were assessed using biochemical methods, and the expression of tight junction-related proteins in the ileum was analyzed using Western blot. Additionally, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to evaluate the diversity and composition of the intestinal flora.ResultsThe results showed that PW supplementation reduced body weight without significantly affecting organ index and liver function in the castor oil-induced diarrhea mice. PW also effectively reduced the dilution rate, diarrhea index, average loose stool grade, propelling distance of carbon powder, and intestinal propulsive rate while improving the pathological abnormality in the ileum. Furthermore, PW enhanced the activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and catalase (CAT) while reducing malonaldehyde (MDA) levels. PW also increased the expression of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin in the ileum. Additionally, the analysis of 16S rDNA revealed that PW increased both α and β diversity, improved the composition of the intestinal flora, and restored it to a normal level.DiscussionCollectively, dietary PW administration ameliorates Castor oil-induced diarrhea by restoring tight junctions between intestinal mucosal cells, suppressing oxidative stress, and regulating the composition of intestinal flora. These findings suggest that PW may be a promising strategy for managing diarrhea.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective assessment of shared plate eating using a wearable camera in urban and rural households in Ghana","authors":"Christabel A. Domfe, Megan A. McCrory, Edward Sazonov, Tonmoy Ghosh, Viprav Raju, Gary Frost, Matilda Steiner-Asiedu, Mingui Sun, Wenyan Jia, Tom Baranowski, Benny Lo, Alex K. Anderson","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1428771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1428771","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundShared plate eating (SPE), defined as two or more individuals eating directly from the same plate or bowl, is a common household food consumption practice in many Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Examination of household engagement in SPE remains largely unexplored, highlighting a gap in research when interpreting dietary information obtained from these settings. The dearth of research into SPE can be attributed to the inherent limitations of traditional dietary assessment methods which constrain their usability in settings where SPE is common.ObjectiveIn this expository narrative, we describe what SPE is when it is practiced in an LMIC such as Ghana; and also compare the frequency of SPE versus individual plate eating (IPE) by different household members in rural and urban households using a wearable camera (Automatic Ingestion Monitor version 2: AIM-2).MethodsPurposive convenience sampling was employed to recruit and enroll 30 households each from an urban and a rural community (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 60 households) in Ghana. The AIM-2 was worn on eyeglass frames for 3 days by selected household members. The AIM-2, when worn, automatically collects images to capture food consumption in participants’ environments, thus enabling passive capture of household SPE dynamics.ResultsA higher percentage of SPE occasions was observed for rural (96.7%) compared to urban (36.7%) households (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). Common SPE dynamics included only adults sharing, adults and children sharing, only children sharing, and non-household member participation in SPE.ConclusionThe wearable camera captured eating dynamics within households that would have likely been missed or altered by traditional dietary assessment methods. Obtaining reliable and accurate data is crucial for assessing dietary intake in settings where SPE is a norm.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with dietary patterns (DPS) and nutritional status among pregnant women in AM-HDSS, South Ethiopia","authors":"Teshale Fikadu, Dessalegn Tamiru, Beyene Wondafrash Ademe","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1443227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1443227","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundMalnutrition during pregnancy increases the risk of chronic illness later in life and adverse birth outcomes in subsequent generations. In this regard, consumption of diets rich in adequate energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals from a variety of foods is essential. Evidence on the status of maternal dietary pattern is very crucial. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess factors associated with dietary patterns and nutritional status of pregnant women in South Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 638 randomly selected pregnant women using a validated, a pre-tested, contextualized food frequency questionnaire using interviewer-administered structured questionnaire by digital open-source toolkit. Principal component factor analysis was employed to determine dietary patterns. Bivariable and multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with dietary patterns and nutritional status, using STATA version 16.ResultThe dietary habits of pregnant women were best explained by three distinct dietary patterns. Urban dwellers (AOR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.33, 3.59), from high socio-economic status (AOR = 2.43; 95% CI: 1.68, 3.51), from middle socio-economic status (AOR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.19, 2.48), primigravida mothers (AOR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.78), and multigravida mothers (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.39, 3.10) were high likelihood to consume the highest tercile of “Cereals-Pulses and Dairy” compared to rural dwellers, from low socio-economic status and grand multigravida, respectively. Attending formal education (AOR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.51), from higher socioeconomic status (AOR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.38), not having food aversion (AOR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.16, 3.39), and had good dietary knowledge (AOR = 2.16; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.32) were associated with a higher tercile consumption of “Nutrient-Dense” food compared to those without formal education, having food aversion and had poor dietary knowledge, respectively. Not attending formal education (AOR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.48, 3.36), had decision-making autonomy (AOR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.26, 2.90), and had good dietary knowledge (AOR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.13, 3.08) were found to consume the highest tercile of “Leafy local food” compared to their counterpart. Consumption of lower terciles “Nutrient-Dense” food (AOR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.47) and “Leafy local food” (AOR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.54, 3.51) were found to be factors associated with under nutrition during pregnancy.ConclusionThree distinct dietary patterns were identified. Factors associated with these major dietary patterns included place of residence, socio-economic status, educational level, dietary knowledge, food aversion, number of pregnancies, and maternal decision-making autonomy. Under nutrition among pregnant women was found to be high and associated with the consumption of ‘Nutrient-Dense’ and ‘Leafy local’ foods. Therefore, concerned health authorities should strength","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a protein-supplemented very-low-calorie diet program for weight loss: a randomized controlled trial in South Korea","authors":"Eunbyul Cho, Sohye Kim, Hwa Jung Kim, Belong Cho, Jin Ho Park, Hyuktae Kwon, Ju Young Kim, Yumi Go, Dong Gyun Kang, Eunyoung Shin, Sumi Lee, Siye Gil, Hyerim Kim, Jihyun Ahn, Joo Young Kim, WonJoo Jung, Eunyoung Go","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1370737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1370737","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionWeight-loss strategies through meal replacements are effective and sustainable options. However, few studies have assessed their effects on weight loss including body composition through protein-supplemented meal replacements targeting the Asian population, including Koreans. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of a protein-supplemented very-low-calorie diet (PSVLCD) for weight reduction and changes in body composition in individuals with obesity over a 12-month long-term period.MethodsIn total, 106 participants with obesity were randomly assigned to a PSVLCD or control group (food-based calorie-restricted diet). Body weight, waist circumference, body composition, and blood marker levels were measured throughout the study. Statistical analyses were performed to compare outcomes between the groups.ResultsAmong the 106 participants, 84 completed the 12-month follow-up. Intention-to-treat analysis showed that the mean weight loss from baseline to 12 months was −6.86 kg (8.21% of baseline weight) in the PSVLCD group and − 4.66 kg (5.47% of initial body weight) in the control group; the difference was −2.20 kg with a marginally significant interval (95% confidence interval [CI], −4.90; 0.50). Waist circumference (−8.35 cm vs. -4.85 cm; mean difference, −3.49 cm; 95% CI, −6.48 to −0.50) and visceral fat area (−28.28 cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> vs. −13.26 cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>; mean difference, −15.03cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>; 95% CI, −29.01 to −1.04) also significantly decreased in the PSVLCD group at 12 months.DiscussionThe PSVLCD group demonstrated a substantial initial reduction in waist circumference that was sustained over the study period, alongside a marginally significant decrease in weight. These findings suggest that a protein-supplemented very-low-calorie diet may be an effective strategy for long-term weight management and body composition improvement in individuals with obesity.Clinical trial registration<jats:uri>ClinicalTrials.gov</jats:uri>, identififer NCT04597788.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pica is associated with lower willingness to change negative habits of diet and exercise, inadequate lifestyle, and less healthful food consumption in dialysis","authors":"Claudia N. Orozco-González, Roxana M. Marquez-Herrera, Fabiola Martín-del-Campo, Laura Cortés-Sanabria, Mariana Villasana-Ballesteros, Alfonso M. Cueto-Manzano","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1402625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1402625","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundIn dialysis patients, on the one hand unwillingness to change negative lifestyle patterns is associated with worse nutritional status and unhealthy lifestyle, whereas on the other, pica may be highly prevalent. However, it is not known whether pica is associated with unwillingness to change negative lifestyle behaviors, as well as with consumption of different types of foods. This study aimed to investigate this issue.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study in dialysis patients. Lifestyle was assessed using the self-administered Instrument to Measure Lifestyle Questionnaire (IMEVID). Pica diagnosis was established according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. A food frequency questionnaire was performed and self-reported willingness to change was determined by a trans-theoretical model staging inventory.ResultsCompared with patients without pica, those with pica (particularly hard pica) had lower willingness to change unhealthy behavior in the case of diet (22% vs. 46% in precontemplation/contemplation stages, respectively) and exercise (43% vs. 62% in precontemplation/contemplation stages, respectively). Patients with hard pica had significantly (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) lower scores in almost all dimensions of the lifestyle questionnaire than those in the no pica group: diet (23.9 vs. 26.8, respectively), physical activity (5.5 vs. 7, respectively), knowledge of disease (5.7 vs. 6.4, respectively), emotion management (6.6 vs. 8, respectively) and adherence to treatment (13.4 vs. 14.7, respectively), but not in the consumption of tobacco and alcohol. Compared to patients with no pica, those with hard pica ate vegetables and fruits less frequently, and dairy products, fried foods and soda more frequently.ConclusionsPica was more frequently observed in patients with lower willingness to change negative habits of diet and exercise, in those who had more unhealthy behaviors in diet, exercise and emotion management dimensions and adherence to treatment, as well as in those who ate less frequently healthful foods and more frequently unhealthy foods.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between residual cholesterol and cognitive performance: a study based on NHANES","authors":"Kepeng Liu, Haishou Fu, Yong Chen, Binfei Li, Huaqing Huang, Xiaozu Liao","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1458970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1458970","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aimsAge-related cognitive impairment impacts a significant portion of the elderly population. Remnant cholesterol (RC) has attracted increased attention in relation to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and fatty liver disease. Nevertheless, its role in cognitive function is still enigmatic, prompting our exploration into the potential associations between them.MethodsA total of 1,331 participants from the NHANES (2011–2014) database, all aged over 60, were included in this investigation. Cognitive function was assessed using four widely applied tests, including the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Word Learning (CERAD-WL), CERAD Delayed Recall (CERAD-DR), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), as well as Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST). Z-score is calculated by scores from the above four tests. The association between RC, total cholesterol (TC) to RC and cognitive performance was assessed by logistic regression analyses. In addition, restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression was performed to assess non-linearity between RC and cognitive function. Subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness of the results in populations with relevant covariate variables.ResultsThose with Z-scores below the 25% quartile are defined as having cognitive impairment, totaling 498 individuals. Observationally, higher RC levels and a lower TC/RC were associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. After adjusting for confounding factors, the impact of RC levels on cognitive performance quartiles was consistent across various subgroups, except in individuals with trouble sleeping, no/unknown alcohol use, and no hypertension. Americans with high RC levels and trouble sleeping are more likely to develop cognitive impairment, with an odds ratio of 2.33 (95% CI: 1.18–4.59).ConclusionThis study suggests that higher RC levels and lower levels of TC/RC are associated with an increased likelihood of cognitive impairment, suggesting that RC can serve as a novel and convenient indicator for predicting the risk of cognitive impairment in the US population.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineral, seed morphology, and agronomic characteristics of proso millet grown in the inland Pacific Northwest","authors":"Tayler Reinman, Jessica Braden, Nathan Daniel Miller, Kevin M. Murphy","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1394136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1394136","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change increases stressors that will challenge the resiliency of global agricultural production. Just three crops, wheat, maize, and rice, are estimated to sustain 50% of the caloric demand of the world population, meaning that significant loss of any of these crops would threaten global food security. However, increasing cropping system diversity can create a more resilient food system. One crop that could add diversity to wheat-dominated cropping systems in the inland Pacific Northwest is proso millet, a climate-resilient, small-seeded cereal crop that is highly water efficient, able to grow in low fertility soils, and has a desirable nutritional profile. Proso millet shows potential for adoption in this region due to its short growing season, compatibility with regional equipment, and environmental requirements, however US cultivars have been developed for the Great Plains and little research has been conducted outside of this region. To better understand the potential for adoption in the inland PNW, seven commercially available varieties were planted in a researcher-run trial in Pullman, WA and in a series of producer-run trials across the region in 2022. Samples were analyzed for mineral concentration (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Ca, P, and K), seed morphology phenotypes (seed area, seed eccentricity, thousand seed weight, and seed color), and agronomic phenotypes (grain yield, plant height, days to heading, days to maturity, and percent emergence). Varieties from the researcher-run trial showed significant differences for all traits excluding percent emergence. Samples from producer-run trials showed differences by location for concentration of all minerals and for all seed morphology traits but were not analyzed for agronomic phenotypes. Samples from producer-run trials showed no difference by variety for mineral concentration but showed varietal differences for all seed morphology phenotypes. Most minerals were positively correlated with one another (0.28 &amp;lt; <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.92). Grain yield was negatively correlated with Zn (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = −0.55, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01) and was positively correlated with plant height (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.62, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), seed area (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.45, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), and thousand seed weight (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.45, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Results from this study can inform variety selection for stakeholders interested in adopting proso millet in the inland PNW and can support future proso millet breeding efforts, particularly in this region.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}