Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"The effect of breast massage combined with co-parenting interventions on breastfeeding in mother-infant separated mothers: a quasi-experimental study.","authors":"Rong Li Zhang, Yi Jing Wang, Ying Yin, Ying Liu, Ping Cui, Zhang Yi Lu, Li Jun Deng, Hui Jiang, Rong Huang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1770798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1770798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exclusive breastfeeding is the optimal source of infant nutrition. Mother-infant separation poses a critical barrier to establishing and sustaining lactation, increasing the risk of early breastfeeding cessation. While breast massage supports milk production, the role of partner involvement in this context remains underexplored as a strategy to improve both nutritional and psychosocial outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a co-parenting intervention on exclusive breastfeeding rates and related maternal outcomes among postpartum mothers separated from newborns, in which fathers were taught and performed structured breast massage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quasi-experimental study was carried out on 120 mother-infant separated dyads in a tertiary maternity hospital. Participants were assigned to an intervention group (<i>n</i> = 60) and a control group (<i>n</i> = 60) via consecutive sampling plus baseline characteristic matching (maternal age, mode of delivery, and newborn birth weight). The intervention group received father-performed integrated breast massage training and practice; the control group received routine care. The primary outcome was the exclusive breastfeeding rate, and the secondary outcomes included the scores of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES), breastfeeding knowledge, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). All indicators were assessed at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At both follow-ups, the intervention group demonstrated significantly higher exclusive breastfeeding rates compared to the control group (1-month, 64.9% vs. 22.4%, 3-months, 64.3% vs. 16.7%, both <i>p</i> < 0.05). The intervention group also showed significantly greater improvements in breastfeeding self-efficacy and knowledge scores, and a more significant reduction in EPDS scores over time (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). In contrast, the control group exhibited no significant changes in these secondary outcomes across the three time points. No significant inter-group difference was detected in perceived social support.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Integrating fathers into a structured breast massage protocol is an effective, sustainable nutritional support strategy. Structured breast massage significantly enhances exclusive breastfeeding rates, maternal confidence, and mental well-being among separated mothers. These findings advocate for the inclusion of partners in clinical lactation support programs to safeguard optimal infant nutrition and postpartum recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1770798"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretable machine learning of non-traditional lipid indices for diagnostic classification of CHD in patients with comorbid MASLD and T2DM: a multicenter study.","authors":"Luo Lv, Yuli Guo, Yubo Ren, Bao Li, Xiaofang Li, Qinghua Han, Haixiong Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1803996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1803996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with comorbid metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a significantly heightened risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). Conventional lipid profiles often underestimate residual cardiovascular risk. This study identifies valuable non-traditional lipid indicators and develops an interpretable machine learning framework for CHD identification in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter retrospective study analyzed 1,823 patients with MASLD and T2DM. Following 1:1 propensity score matching, 630 participants were used for association analysis, whereas the complete unmatched Cohort I (n = 1,665) was used for machine learning model development, with an independent cohort of 158 patients for external validation. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models evaluated associations between CHD risk and eight non-traditional lipid indices. Six machine learning algorithms were compared using cascaded feature selection, with model transparency provided by Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) and Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariable analysis revealed that all eight non-traditional lipid indices were significantly associated with CHD risk, with Castelli risk index-II (CRI-II) demonstrating the strongest independent association (OR = 2.394, 95% CI: 2.065-2.788). RCS analysis identified linear positive associations for CRI-II, while non-traditional indices such as remnant cholesterol (RC), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and lipoprotein combined index (LCI) exhibited significant nonlinear associations with CHD risk. Furthermore, CRI-II showed the highest positive correlation with the severity of coronary lesions as quantified by the Gensini score (<i>ρ</i> = 0.302, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The final Stacking ensemble model incorporated 10 variables. This model showed competitive and relatively balanced performance, with AUCs of 0.750 and 0.756 and Brier scores of 0.156 and 0.191 in the internal test set and the independent external validation cohort, respectively. SHAP and LIME analyses further indicated that CRI-II, eGFR, age, and LCI were the major drivers of model classification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-traditional lipid indices, particularly CRI-II, showed strong associations with CHD in patients with concomitant MASLD and T2DM. Integrating these indicators into an interpretable machine learning framework provides a robust and transparent tool for CHD identification, potentially facilitating early clinical evaluation and decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1803996"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13144128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resveratrol in diabetes and pancreatic function: implications for the exocrine-endocrine pancreatic axis-a systematic review.","authors":"Ana Meden, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1806881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1806881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic dysfunction plays an important role in the development and progression of diabetes mellitus. Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, has attracted considerable interest due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory properties. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize available evidence regarding the metabolic and pancreatic effects of resveratrol in diabetes mellitus. A systematic literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database (2011-2025) identified preclinical studies, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses investigating resveratrol in diabetic contexts. Evidence from experimental and clinical studies indicates that resveratrol may improve glycemic control, attenuate inflammatory responses, reduce oxidative stress, and protect pancreatic β-cell function, primarily through activation of signaling pathways such as sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Most available evidence originates from studies in type 2 diabetes mellitus or experimental models of diabetes. Nevertheless, several mechanisms identified in these studies-including modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and pancreatic tissue remodeling-may also be relevant to diseases characterized by combined exocrine and endocrine pancreatic dysfunction. In this context, resveratrol may influence biological processes related to the exocrine-endocrine pancreatic axis, including pancreatic inflammation, fibrosis, and β-cell preservation. Overall, current evidence supports the metabolic and pancreatic protective effects of resveratrol in diabetes. However, direct studies investigating its role in pancreatogenic diabetes remain scarce. Future research specifically targeting pancreatic diseases associated with diabetes is needed to clarify the therapeutic potential of resveratrol in disorders affecting the exocrine-endocrine pancreatic axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1806881"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13144009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the protein quality of New Zealand vegan diets: an optimisation modelling approach incorporating energy constraints and diet acceptability.","authors":"Bi Xue Patricia Soh, Matthieu Vignes, Nick W Smith, Pamela R von Hurst, Warren C McNabb","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1807755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1807755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Under consumption of certain indispensable amino acids (IAAs) is common in poorly planned vegan diets, but targeted dietary modifications through optimisation modelling can improve the overall protein adequacy and protein quality of these diets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Shortfalls in protein and IAAs in the existing diets of a sample of New Zealand vegans (stratified into three clusters with varying protein intake) were calculated by comparing daily intakes to individual requirements. An energy-tailored optimisation using linear programming was used to add protein-rich foods present in each individual's current diet to meet all protein and IAA requirements while respecting serving-size constraints and remaining within individual energy boundaries. When daily diets exceeded upper energy constraints, energy-dense and low-protein foods were identified and removed to accommodate the addition of protein-dense foods. Post-optimisation analysis assessed changes in intake of protein, IAAs, dietary fibre and selected micronutrients, with results compared across clusters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Protein and IAA shortfalls were more prevalent in cluster 1 (85% of daily diets) compared to clusters 2 (61.1%) and 3 (30.8%). Legumes and pulses contributed most to total protein and lysine at lower energy costs, while nuts and seeds contributed most to methionine and leucine, but at higher energy costs. Optimisation resolved shortfalls using habitual diets in 90% of the daily diets. Post-optimisation micronutrient analysis showed continued risks of shortfalls for calcium, vitamin B12 and iodine.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Mathematical optimisation can enhance the protein adequacy and protein quality of vegan diets while preserving some individual acceptability. However, full adequacy remains challenging in energy-constrained diets with large deficits in protein and IAAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1807755"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the antidiabetic potential and bioaccessibility of propolis-enriched aronia kombucha: an <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Gözde Alkan, Seydi Yıkmış, Melikenur Türkol, Emad Karrar, Moneera O Aljobair, Isam A Mohamed Ahmed, Suleiman A Althawab","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1819568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1819568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Defined as a fermented tea beverage, kombucha is obtained via the metabolic activity of a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts (SCOBY) in sweetened tea, and it is widely recognized for its associated functional and bioactive properties. In this study, kombucha fermented with aronia tea (AK) and aronia kombucha enriched with propolis (PAK) were examined together to evaluate bioactive components, phenolic profile, <i>in vitro</i> bioaccessibility, and antidiabetic potential. Response surface methodology showed that the amount of aronia tea (X₁) and the concentration of propolis (X₂) had significant effects on TPC, TFC, and DPPH; the optimum formulation was obtained at a level of 11.09 g/L aronia tea and 1.42% propolis. Throughout the fermentation, PAK exhibited higher values for TPC compared to AK; TPC, which was 367.32 ± 2.56 μg GAE/mL on day 0, was maintained at 345.28 ± 4.40 μg GAE/mL on day 14. Although TPC/TFC decreased in both groups during simulated digestion, PAK maintained a higher level in all phases; recovery was found to be ~34% in TPC and ~40% in TFC. In the phenolic profile, rutin (1.18 → 3.03 μg/mL) and t-ferulic acid (0.66 → 2.21 μg/mL) increased with fermentation, while the addition of propolis significantly enriched flavonoids, especially chrysin (≈17.75-19.14 μg/mL) and quercetin (day 14: 1.55 μg/mL). This phenolic potentiation is consistent with PAK enhancing <i>α</i>-glucosidase (42.04%) and α-amylase (44.68%) inhibition. Future studies should investigate reproducibility, colonic fermentation-microbiota interaction, and target metabolite tracking under varying sucrose levels and SCOBY profiles; clinical validation should also be supported by sensory acceptance, shelf life, and safety parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1819568"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic significance of inflammatory and nutritional indicators for treatment outcomes in untreated tuberculosis patients with hypertension.","authors":"Sifang Xiao, Anhua Cao, Yiping Leng","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1801389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1801389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Inflammation and malnutrition play pivotal roles in disease progression. This study evaluated the associations between inflammation/nutrition-based composite indices and treatment outcomes in hospitalized adults with previously untreated pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) complicated by hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included hospitalized adults with untreated PTB and concomitant hypertension admitted to Changsha Central Hospital (from January 2019 to December 2021). Inflammation/nutrition-based composite indices including Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), Hemoglobin-Albumin-Lymphocyte-Platelet (HALP) score, Monocyte-to-Albumin Ratio (MAR), Neutrophil-to-Albumin Ratio (NAR), and Red Cell Distribution Width-to-Albumin Ratio (RAR) were calculated. Associations between these indices and PTB treatment outcomes were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic splines, and subgroup analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1,012 hospitalized patients with untreated PTB complicated by hypertension, 166 individuals (16.40%) experienced unfavorable treatment outcomes. After multivariate adjustment, logistic regression revealed that RAR (aOR 0.75, 95% CI 0.64-0.89, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and NAR (aOR 0.40, 95% CI 0.19-0.84, <i>p</i> = 0.015) were inversely associated with favorable outcomes, while PNI was positively associated (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06, <i>p</i> = 0.011). Restricted cubic splines revealed a negative linear association for NAR (<i>p</i> = 0.030) and RAR (<i>p</i> = 0.013), and a positive linear association for PNI (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Machine learning algorithms including GLM, RF, and SVM ranked the relative contributions of inflammation/nutrition-based indices and their components to treatment outcomes, with RAR identified as the top-contributing indicators.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Routine laboratory-derived composite indices, particularly RAR and PNI, were associated with treatment outcomes in previously untreated PTB patients with hypertension, underscoring the importance of baseline nutritional and inflammatory status in the management of this patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1801389"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taste alterations in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: an observational study.","authors":"Andrea Devecchi, Valentina Casalone, Valentina Ponzo, Dora Tortarolo, Anna Sapino, Simona Bo","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1815891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1815891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Taste alterations are a common adverse effect of chemotherapy and may substantially impair quality of life, social interactions, and dietary habits. Reported incidence rates vary widely, partly due to the heterogeneity of assessment methods. This study aimed to investigate chemotherapy-induced taste alterations in patients with breast cancer using both objective (taste strips) and subjective (questionnaire-based) measures.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a prospective study conducted between July 2023 and June 2025 at the Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, in Torino (Italy). Sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric variables, and dietary habits were collected. Taste alterations were evaluated using both subjective and objective assessment tools (taste strips).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 94 female patients were enrolled. Of these, 70 patients had completed chemotherapy and taste evaluation and were included in the statistical analyses. According to subjective assessment, all taste modalities were significantly altered from pre- to post-chemotherapy evaluation, whereas one third of patients exhibited taste impairment when assessed using taste strips. The two methods showed limited agreement. In multiple regression models adjusted for age, smoking status, and pack-years, higher education level was inversely associated with subjective deterioration in sour (<i>β</i> = -0.49; 95% CI -0.82, -0.16; <i>p</i> = 0.006) and bitter taste perception (<i>β</i> = -0.47; 95% CI -0.79, -0.13; <i>p</i> = 0.006). Moreover, carbohydrate intake was inversely associated with worsening of overall taste perception (<i>β</i> = -1.96; 95% CI -3.72, -0.20; <i>p</i> = 0.035), as well as sour (<i>β</i> = -2.05; 95% CI -4.01, -0.09; <i>p</i> = 0.044) and salty taste perception (<i>β</i> = -1.92; 95% CI -3.76, -0.04; <i>p</i> = 0.046), based on subjective assessment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taste alterations affect a substantial proportion of patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. The low agreement observed between subjective and objective measures suggests that these methods may assess distinct aspects of taste dysfunction and should be interpreted accordingly.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1815891"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoallergenicity of a hydrolyzed rice protein-based formula containing 2-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose in children with cow's milk allergy: protocol for a randomized controlled study. The RIGHT-HY study.","authors":"Boutaina Zemrani, Nicholas P Hays, Enza D'Auria, Francesca Mori, Birgit Kalb, Noura Darwish, Susanna Esposito, Agnieszka Brzozowska, Urszula Jedynak-Wasowicz, Kirsten Beyer, Hania Szajewska, Roberto Berni Canani","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1798624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1798624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrolyzed rice formulas (HRF) are a suitable option for the nutritional management of non-breastfed children with cow's milk allergy (CMA). Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) enhance gastrointestinal health, promote the growth of beneficial gut microbiota, and may reduce the incidence of infections and antibiotic use. There is currently no evidence regarding the hypoallergenicity of HRF containing HMOs. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the hypoallergenicity of a new hydrolyzed rice protein-based formula containing two manufactured HMOs (HRF-HMO). RIGHT-HY is a multi-center randomized controlled study enrolling infants and children (60 days-3 years) with documented Immunoglobulin E-mediated CMA. Children will be randomized in a crossover fashion to double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC) with HRF-HMO and an amino acid-based formula (AAF)-HMO, followed by a 7-days open challenge with HRF-HMO requiring a daily minimum intake of 240 ml. Both formulas contain 2-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose (1.5 g/L). The primary objective is to demonstrate with 95% confidence that 90% of children with CMA do not develop allergic reactions to HRF-HMO under DBPCFC conditions. Up to 67 children will be enrolled to meet the hypoallergenicity criteria. This sample size allows for a 10% drop-out rate and occurrence of one allergic reaction. An interim analysis will be performed after 42 children have completed both food challenges to assess whether hypoallergenicity criteria have been met, in which case, the study will be stopped for success. Secondary endpoints include HRF-HMO intake and gastrointestinal tolerance during the week-long open challenge, and adverse events throughout the study. The RIGHT-HY study was approved by ethical committees of all participating sites. This study will be the first to generate robust evidence on the hypoallergenicity of this rice formula with added HMOs in children with CMA. The results of the study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and presentations at scientific conferences.</p><p><strong>Study protocol registration: </strong>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06633289, identifier NCT06633289.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1798624"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory pathways of <i>Citrus limon</i> juice in a respiratory-irritated rat model.","authors":"Reham M Algheshairy, Hoda A Ali","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1743575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1743575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Respiratory injuries with immunosuppression represent a challenge worldwide. This work aimed to clarify the efficacy of Hesawi <i>Citrus limon</i> juice (lemon juice, LJ) in ameliorating respiratory irritation in a model rat induced by surgical intratracheal instillation of glycolic acid.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rats were assigned to five groups. Groups (1 and 2): normal and negative control, respectively; Group (3): positive model group; Groups (4 and 5): treated groups that received 3 and 6 mL/kg/day LJ orally, respectively. At 3 weeks of the experiment, groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 underwent surgical intratracheal instillation with 0.2 mL/kg body weight saline for group 2 and 0.2 mL/kg body weight 5 % glycolic acid for groups 3, 4, and 5.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model group exhibited inflammatory signs, evidenced by a significant increase in the total leucocyte count (<i>P</i> < 0.01), neutrophils % (<i>P</i> < 0.05), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP), accompanied by a decrease in lymphocytes % and an increase in neutrophils/lymphocyte ratio. Likewise, model rats exhibited significant adverse alterations (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in the phagocytic index and in glucose consumption with lymphocytes stimulated with either lipopolysaccharide or phytohemagglutinin-P. The high dose of LJ significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) mitigated the inflammatory signs to a greater extent than the low dose. Lung tissue glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities were reduced in model rats, whereas a high LJ dose significantly elevated them (<i>P</i> < 0.05). A high dose of LJ supplementation normalized TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP levels.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Consistent with the other data, histological examination of the lung and trachea showed only slight or no inflammatory lesions, with the effect most pronounced at the high dose. In conclusion, the bioactive constituents of LJ control oxidative stress and inflammation, enhance immune function, and, in a dose-dependent manner, ameliorate lung tissue irritation induced by surgical intratracheal instillation of glycolic acid.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1743575"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediterranean diet adherence is associated with antiviral, neuroimmune, and cardiometabolic proteomic profiles in people with HIV.","authors":"Mónica Manzano, Elena Moreno, Laura Martín-Pedraza, Claudio Díaz-García, Santiago Moreno, Beatriz Navia, Sergio Serrano-Villar","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1801654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1801654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary patterns can modulate the expression of proteins involved in inflammatory and metabolic pathways in people living with HIV. The aim of this study was to examine whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with distinct plasma proteomic signatures in PWH on stable antiretroviral therapy. Chronic inflammation persists despite virological suppression, making diet a potential modifiable factor in this setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 25 adults with HIV on stable antiretroviral therapy. We assessed dietary intake using a 3-day dietary record, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated using the Mediterranean diet Quality Index (Med-DQI). We quantified plasma protein expression using Olink proximity extension assay technology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that participants with higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Med-DQI < 6) showed significantly higher expression of proteins involved in antiviral and mucosal immunity, neuroprotection, and metabolic regulation, including TLR3, JCHAIN, IL18R1, and NTF3. Conversely, lower adherence (Med-DQI ≥ 6) was associated with increased expression of proinflammatory and metabolically adverse proteins such as MMP10 and B4GALT1.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our study indicates that healthier dietary patterns are associated with higher expression of proteins linked to antiviral, mucosal, metabolic, and neuroimmune pathways, and with lower expression of proteins previously related to inflammatory or adverse cardiometabolic profiles in people living with HIV. These differences in proteomic signatures may reflect diet-related variation in immune and metabolic pathways, although their clinical implications require further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1801654"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13144085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}