Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Are protein substitutes available in Italy for infants with inherited metabolic diseases all the same?","authors":"Margherita Di Costanzo, Martina Tosi, Martina Muzi, Enrico Vito Buono, Valentina D'Onghia, Anna Munerati, Gabriele Tarditi, Simone Bruni, Elvira Verduci, Giacomo Biasucci","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1581295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1581295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) represent a major clinical challenge, especially during the neonatal and infant periods. They require tailored and long-term nutritional management to ensure proper growth and development. Protein substitutes are essential in the dietary treatment of IMDs, particularly aminoacidopathies, organic acidemias, and urea cycle disorders. In Italy, a variety of PSs is available for infants with IMDs requiring a controlled protein and/or amino acid intake; however, differences in their nutritional composition may impact clinical outcomes. This study aims to examine and compare the nutritional composition of infant PSs (IPSs) available on the Italian market, focusing on macronutrients, micronutrients, and functional components.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis targets products used in the dietary management of aminoacidopathies, organic acidemias, and urea cycle disorders during the first year of life. We compared the nutritional composition of products intended for healthy infants, considering the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/127 and Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/128. Phenylketonuria is excluded from this analysis, as it has been recently addressed in another paper.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For each condition, there are only two products available, except for isovaleric aciduria and urea cycle disorders, which have only one product. The results indicate higher energy, linoleic, and alpha-linolenic acid content (+9%, +55%, and +290% compared to the maximum reference value), and lower levels of lactose, vitamin D, choline, selenium, and iodine (-92%, -34%, -37%, -12%, and -39% compared to the minimum reference value) for several IPSs. The analysis revealed the presence of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in all IPSs, while half of them contain arachidonic acid (ARA).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study represents the first comprehensive comparison of the nutritional profiles of IPSs for IMDs on the Italian market. The results identify potential areas for optimization, aiming to provide adequate levels of micronutrients, essential fatty acids, and functional ingredients, such as biotics, to support gut health, immune function, and neurodevelopment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1581295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between CALLY index and stroke in hypertensive patients: insights from NHANES.","authors":"Xingfu Fan, Di Qing, Jin Zhao, Yang Luo, Xiaofang Li, Wenqin Tan, Shiping Liu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1592641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1592641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>At present, stroke ranks as the third leading cause of mortality, and hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke. Complementary assessment of inflammation level, immunity, and nutritional status is now possible using the newly developed C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index biomarker. One key concern in this study is that its correlation with the risk of stroke in individuals with hypertensiveness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we used cross-sectional analyses from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database through 2003 to 2010. The CALLY index was calculated by albumin and lymphocytes divided by C-reactive protein (CRP). In order to further analysis, the CALLY index was log-transformed to increase data normality and lessen the impact of extreme values on the analytical findings. We investigated the odds ratios and confidence intervals of the ln CALLY index and its components in connection to stroke in people with hypertension. A weighted multivariable logistic regression model was carried out. Additionally, we used weighted restricted cubic splines (RCS) and subgroup analyses to further examine the association between the CALLY index and stroke prevalence in hypertensive individuals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 8,146 hypertensive participants, of whom 616 hypertensive participants had a stroke. In unadjusted modeling, we found a 39% reduction in the incidence of stroke in the hypertensive population in the highest ln CALLY quartile group (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.46-0.82), and the negative association remained significant after adjustment for confounders. While ALB showed a robust protective impact in hypertensive people, with greater ALB levels linked to a decreased risk of stroke (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.37-0.68), we also discovered a positive correlation between CRP and stroke risk (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.22). A substantial correlation between the ln CALLY index and stroke risk in hypertensive individuals was also validated by subgroup analysis. The ln CALLY index and stroke risk in this sample also showed a strong linear negative connection, according to weighted restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a significant negative association between the CALLY index and stroke risk in hypertensive patients in the U.S. adults. The CALLY index may be a potential indicator for early identification of individuals at higher risk of stroke in hypertensive patients and provide potential for clinical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1592641"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does livelihood capital influence the green production behaviors among professional grain farmers cultivating high-quality rice?","authors":"Bin Zhang, Wenyi Mao, Zhen Hu, Yingshu Cai, Ning Xie, Zhenlin Weng","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1555488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1555488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As a vital food crop in China, the sustainable production of high-quality rice is essential for ensuring food security and facilitating the green transformation of agriculture. However, the limited adoption of green production technologies for high-quality rice among farmers poses a significant obstacle to the sustainable development of the grain sector. While previous studies have primarily focused on the adoption of green technologies by traditional farmers, there has been a lack of attention on professional grain farmers as a distinct category of agricultural operators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study, based on the sustainable livelihood framework, focuses on professional grain farmers. By analyzing data from 655 professional grain farmers in Jiangxi Province and utilizing the ordered logit model, we analyzed and validated the influence of livelihood capital on the green production behaviors. Additionally, we applied mediating and moderating effect models to clarify the roles of value cognition and government regulation in this relationship.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found the following: (1) livelihood capital significantly and positively affects the green production behaviors of professional grain farmers. Specifically, human capital, natural capital, financial capital, and social capital all contribute to the adoption of green production practices. (2) The relationships between livelihood capital and green production behavior are partially mediated by perceptions of economic, ecological, and social benefits, with the mediating effects ranked in descending order. (3) Government regulation acts as a moderator, where stronger incentive and guidance policies amplify the influence of livelihood capital on professional grain farmers' green production behaviors. (4) Heterogeneity analysis indicates that livelihood capital and value perception have a more pronounced effect on green production behaviors among farmers with higher levels of livelihood capital.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Based on these results, the study suggests enhancing the allocation of farmers' livelihood capital, intensifying the dissemination and education of green production technologies, and strengthening policy incentives and guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1555488"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between dietary index for gut microbiota and hyperuricemia: a cross-sectional study using NHANES data.","authors":"Xin Cai, Shaoqin Zhang, Tianzuo Lan, Zexu Jin, Jiajun Liu, Zong Jiang, Qingwan Yang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1580122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1580122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a common metabolic disorder, yet the impact of diet and gut microbiota on uric acid metabolism remains insufficiently understood. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) and HUA using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed NHANES data gathered from 2007 to 2020, encompassing 25,899 adults aged 18 years and older. The DI-GM, which spans from 0 to 14, was calculated based on dietary recall information. The diagnosis of HUA was established through laboratory findings. To examine the relationship between DI-GM and HUA, multivariable logistic regression was utilized, accounting for pertinent confounding variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Upon adjusting for possible confounding variables, an elevated DI-GM score demonstrated a notable correlation with a reduced likelihood of HUA [odds ratio (OR) = 0.968, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.949-0.987, <i>p</i> = 0.005]. Subjects exhibiting a DI-GM score of ≥6 demonstrated a markedly reduced risk of HUA in contrast to those scoring between 0 and 3 (OR = 0.897, 95% CI = 0.821-0.980, <i>p</i> = 0.016).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A higher DI-GM score is inversely related to the risk of HUA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1580122"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the role of insulin resistance in chronic intestinal health issues: NHANES study findings.","authors":"Dongyao Zhao, Meihua Zhao, Bing Gao, He Lu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1602922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1602922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intestinal health issues affect approximately 20% of the global population, yet the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and intestinal health remains poorly understood. This study evaluated the discriminative ability of five IR surrogate indices-homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), TyG adjusted for body mass index (TyG-BMI), triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), and estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR)-for chronic diarrhea and constipation in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the 2005-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we analyzed associations between five IR surrogate indices and chronic diarrhea/constipation in adults. Key variables were selected via the Boruta algorithm and incorporated into weighted multivariate logistic regression models. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, threshold effect analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to assess these associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 6,133 participants in this study, 7.5% had chronic diarrhea and 7.4% had chronic constipation. After adjusting for confounders, multivariate logistic regression revealed significant positive associations of HOMA-IR (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.04), TyG (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.05-1.55), and TyG-BMI (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01) with chronic diarrhea, while eGDR showed an inverse association (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80-0.96). No significant associations were observed between IR surrogate indices and chronic constipation. RCS and threshold effect analyses demonstrated a non-linear relationship between TG/HDL-C and chronic diarrhea: Each 1-unit increase in TG/HDL-C below the threshold of 7.33 elevated diarrhea risk by 11% (95% CI: 1.05-1.17). ROC analysis indicated that TyG-BMI (AUC: 0.656 vs. 0.644) and eGDR (AUC: 0.652 vs. 0.644) significantly improved the discriminative ability of the baseline model for chronic diarrhea, whereas HOMA-IR and TyG showed no statistically meaningful enhancements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IR surrogate indices were significantly associated with chronic diarrhea but not chronic constipation, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for screening diarrhea in the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1602922"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between overall diet quality and composition and diarrhea in American adults: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Jincheng Wu, Xiaomin Lin, Qingfeng Zeng, Xianghui Zeng, Gang Cao, Muchu Xie, Jianping Luo, Lihua Li, Guiping Zeng, Shili Liu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1570733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1570733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diarrhea, as a significant aspect of digestive system disorders, the relationship between dietary quality and gut health has attracted increasing attention. This study aims to investigate the association between the Healthy Eating Index 2015 and its components and the risk of diarrhea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study data from the 2007 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey databases, which included 7,395 adult participants. Diarrhea was defined according to the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) from the Gut Health Questionnaire. The HEI-2015 score was estimated based on two 24-h dietary recall interviews. surveylogistic regression models were employed to examine the association between the HEI-2015 and its components and the risk of diarrhea.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of this study indicated that, the HEI-2015 was significantly associated with a reduced risk of diarrhea. Specifically, a 1-point increase in the HEI-2015 score was associated with a 1% decrease in the odds of diarrhea (OR:0.99, 95% CI:0.98-0.99). A 1-point increase in the whole grain score was linked to a 5% reduction in the odds of diarrhea (OR:0.95, 95% CI:0.91-0.99), while a 1-point increase in the refined grain score was associated with a 3% reduction in the odds of diarrhea (OR:0.97, 95% CI:0.94-0.99).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study adds further evidence to the health benefits of whole grains and the potential risks associated with refined grains. As part of a balanced diet, promoting whole grain consumption could have a significant impact on public health by reducing the incidence of diarrhea and improving overall well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1570733"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12140994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents knowledge, attitude, and practice on nutrition of child with severe acute malnutrition in Awi Zone public Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023.","authors":"Birhaneslasie Gebeyehu Yazew, Yeneabat Birhanu Yohanes, Daniel Adane Endalew, Zewdu Bishaw Aynalem","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1481738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1481738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Incorrect or insufficient child nutrition predisposing for different disease and crisis. Even it is stated at different countries, there are no studies in Ethiopia specifically in the Amara Region Awi Zone public hospitals, Northwest of Ethiopia to investigate parental nutritional awareness in childhood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate parental nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practice in childhood in Awi Zone public Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study design with a purposive convenience sampling method was done among 297 participants. Parents of children with severe acute malnutrition were invited to complete adapted questionnaires. Details of parents' nutritional awareness (knowledge, practice, and attitude) were assessed in face-to-face structured health interviews with the data collectors. The collected data were checked, coded, and entered into Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 23 for further analysis. Descriptive statistics was applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 297 parents were involved with the mean age 29.66 ± 6.27 years. About 93% of parents were heard about their child's nutrition and 66.6% resided in rural. Overall parent's good knowledge, favorable attitude, and poor practice toward child nutrition were 50.8%, 21.2%, and 89.6%, respectively. Health institution delivery, 1.61 and 4.39 times were associated with Knowledge and attitude, respectively and good practice 2.42 times associated with Knowledge. Children with comorbidities were 4.7 and 2.32 time associated with parents' attitude and practice, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Parental awareness toward child nutrition is considered a significant target for public health interventions. Delivery site, presence of comorbidities, and practice were the significant factors associated with parents' awareness. The majority of parents were aware of the positive impact of child nutrition on overall wellbeing. The State of Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, would be cost-effective to train and professionally develop the Awi Zone public Hospitals and primary healthcare workers to be more experts in tackling parents' nutritional awareness by providing family counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"19 ","pages":"1481738"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between staple food types and cardiovascular disease risk among older Chinese adults.","authors":"Chunmei Chen, Fayun Zhao, Maozong Du, Xin Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1539920","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1539920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary habits, particularly staple food consumption, play a significant role in influencing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, limited research has examined the relationship between staple food types and CVD incidence in aging populations, especially in China. This study aims to identify which types of staple foods are most beneficial for cardiovascular health among older Chinese adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) were analyzed to explore the associations between staple food types (rice, wheat, and coarse cereals) and CVD risk among 16,498 adults aged 65 and older. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to evaluate the relationship between staple food types and CVD incidence, while restricted cubic splines assessed potential non-linear relationships between staple food intake and CVD risk. Stratified analyses were performed based on age, sex, and hypertension history.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 7.38 years, 1757 participants experienced new-onset CVD. Wheat as a staple food was related to a 40.8% higher risk of CVD compared to rice (HR: 1.408; 95% CI: 1.195-1.658; <i>p</i> < 0.001), while no significant association was observed for coarse cereals. Stratified analyses revealed that the association with wheat was stronger among participants aged 65-79 years, males, and those without hypertension. No linear relationship was found between intake levels of rice, wheat, or coarse cereals and CVD risk, but non-linear associations emerged for rice and wheat intake (P for non-linear association<0.001 and = 0.010, respectively). A U-shaped relationship was observed for wheat, with the lowest CVD risk at a cooked intake of 375 g/day, consistent with dietary guidelines.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the differential impact of staple food types on CVD risk, with wheat consumption linked to a higher incidence of CVD compared to rice, particularly in specific subgroups. These findings provide evidence to inform dietary guidelines for older Chinese adults and underscore the need for further research into the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1539920"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between dietary acid-base load and chronic kidney disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Hui Huang, Qian Wang, Ruimin Zhang, Fang Liu, Yue Niu, Yayong Luo, Shuang Li, Tao Li, Zhengchun Tang, Xiaolong Wang, Jian Yang, Yong Wang, Li Zhang, Sha Luo, Weiguang Zhang, Ying Zheng, Weizhu Deng, Guangyan Cai, Xiangmei Chen, Zheyi Dong","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1581009","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1581009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary acid-base load on patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A total of 300 patients with CKD were enrolled and divided into three groups according to DAL tertiles. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall, and diet-based acidity was assessed using net endogenous acid production (NEAP), potential renal acid load (PRAL), and dietary acid load (DAL). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the association between diet-based acid load scores and CKD and T2DM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within the food category groupings, the DAL score was positively associated with poultry and eggs and negatively associated with fruits and vegetables. Regarding energy and macronutrients, the DAL score was positively correlated with the intake of protein, animal protein, monounsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, and fat, while it was negatively correlated with the intake of carbohydrates, plant protein, and dietary fiber. In terms of micronutrients, DAL scores were positively associated with phosphorus intake and negatively associated with potassium, magnesium, and copper intake. After adjusting for age, BMI, energy, and eGFR, and stratifying by sex, logistic regression analysis showed that DAL level (OR = 6.47, 95% CI 1.19-35.18, <i>p</i> = 0.031) was a related factor for CKD and T2DM in females.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DAL score is a related factor for patients with T2DM and CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1581009"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional and sensory characteristics of developed wheat burger buns incorporated with different levels of steamed-squid (<i>Loligo forbesii</i>) powder.","authors":"Rehab F M Ali, Ayman M El-Anany","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1615629","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1615629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The main aim of the present investigation was to determine the nutritional and sensory characteristics of wheat flour burger buns supplemented with different quantities of steamed squid powder (SSP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Wheat flour was partially substituted with SSP at various proportions (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% w/w). The proximate composition and techno-functional features of wheat flour, SSP, and composite flours were investigated. Chemical composition, specific volume, amino acid profile, and sensory characteristics of developed burger buns were investigated to determine the most suitable levels of substitution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The techno-functional characteristics of produced composite flours were significantly improved by inclusion different levels of SSP into wheat flour. The incorporation of SSP into burger buns significantly enhances protein content while reducing carbohydrate levels. The study indicates that as the percentage of SSP increases from 1 to 5%, the protein content of the buns increases correspondingly, with a maximum increase of 1.42 times at 5% SSP. Additionally, carbohydrate levels decrease from 82.06% in control samples to 76.16% with the highest SSP addition. However, the specific volume of the buns shows a decline at higher SSP concentrations, particularly at 4 and 5%, where volumes drop to 2.89 and 2.85 cm³ g^-1, respectively. The incorporation of SSP into burger buns significantly enhances the nutritional profile, particularly in essential amino acids. While the total essential amino acids and specific amino acids like leucine, isoleucine, and valine exceed FAO/WHO requirements, lysine levels remain a concern, increasing only to 3.20 g per 100 g of protein, below the required 5.2 g. The sensory evaluation of these buns shows high acceptability, with scores between 8.38 and 8.61, indicating a positive consumer response. Originality/value-The incorporation of steamed squid powder (SSP) into burger buns has been shown to enhance both nutritional and sensory properties, particularly when substituting 1-3% of wheat flour with SSP. This approach aligns with trends in food innovation aimed at improving health benefits while maintaining consumer acceptance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1615629"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}