Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Vaccination and food consumption: association with Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome in Brazilian adults (CUME Study).","authors":"Marlise Lima Brandão, Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff, Arieta Carla Gualandi Leal, Josefina Bressan, Adriano Marçal Pimenta","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1549747","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1549747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) is an important sequalae of COVID-19. Then, our objective was to analyze the risk and protective factors for PACS in Brazilian adults participating in the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais (CUME Study), with emphasis on COVID-19 vaccination and food consumption.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this sub-study, we included 2,065 participants of CUME Study who answered the baseline questionnaire in 2016 or 2018 or 2020 or 2022, and the follow-up COVID-19/PACS-specific questionnaire in 2023. PACS diagnosis was based on self-reporting of continuation or development of new symptoms 3 months after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, with these symptoms lasting for at least 2 months with no other explanation. To estimate the risk and protective factors for PACS, hierarchical multivariate statistical analysis was conducted using the Cox regression technique, producing two models: (1) focusing on consumption of macro and micronutrients; (2) focusing on consumption of food groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After a median of 5.5 years of follow-up, 54.4% of the participants reported PACS. When we analyzed the consumption of macro and micronutrients, higher intake of proteins (HR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.06-1.74-4th quartile) and lipids (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.02-1.48-4th quartile) were risk factors for PACS. On the other hand, higher intake of vitamin C (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64-0.94-4th quartile), vitamin D (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.67-0.99-4th quartile), and zinc (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.52-0.83-4th quartile) were protective factors for the outcome (model 1). When we analyzed the consumption of food groups, higher intake of eggs (HR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.34-1.89-4th quartile) increased the risk of PACS, whereas, respectively, higher and intermediate consumption of white meat (HR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.71-1.00-4th quartile) and vegetables (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.67-0.99-2nd quartile; HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.67-0.99-3rd quartile) decreased the risk of the outcome (model 2). In both models, pre-infection COVID-19 vaccination was a protective factor for PACS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A healthy diet, with higher consumption of white meat, vegetables and specific micronutrients (vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc), in parallel with pre-infection COVID-19 vaccination, is essential to reduce the risk of PACS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1549747"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adipose tissue characteristics as a new prognosis marker of patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer.","authors":"Larissa Ariel Oliveira Carrilho, Fabiana Lascala Juliani, Rafaella Caroline de Lellis Moreira, Livia Dias Guerra, Fernanda Silva Santos, Daniela Morais de Holanda Padilha, Sandra Regina Branbilla, Vivian Naomi Horita, Davi Magalhães Leite Novaes, Lígia Macedo Antunes-Correa, Carmem Silvia Passos Lima, Maria Carolina Santos Mendes, José Barreto Campello Carvalheira","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1472634","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1472634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) are at increased risk of malnutrition due to the presence of tumor and treatments. Body composition is a prognostic factor in these patients. However, the relationship between adipose tissue characteristics and survival in HNC is still unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the associations of adiposity, the radiodensity of adipose tissue and muscularity with the prognosis of patients with locally advanced HNC undergoing to chemoradiotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 132 patients diagnosed with locally advanced HNC. Body composition assessment was performed using computed tomography (CT) images at the level of the third cervical vertebra (C3). The total adipose tissue radiodensity (TATR), the total adipose tissue index (TATI) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) were evaluated. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients in the highest TATI tertile had a lower risk of mortality when compared to those in the lowest tertile, HR: 0.56, 95% confidence Interval (CI): 0.32-0.96; <i>p</i> = 0.039. The highest TATR tertile was not associated with death. Patients with greater adiposity had a higher median survival compared to patients with medium and lower TATI (<i>p</i> = 0.0193). Individuals with lower TATI had lower energy intake than patients with higher TATI (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Additionally, patients with low muscularity had worse OS in the multivariable analysis (HR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.01-3.07; <i>p</i> = 0.044).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with locally advanced HNC, our findings underscore the significance of elevated adiposity, beyond maintained muscularity, as independent protective factors for overall survival. Our study highlights the critical importance of assessing body composition and initiating early nutritional interventions to improve the prognosis of these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1472634"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal relationships between dietary factors and spinal diseases: a univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Yi-Qi Chen, Zhen-Ya Chen, Zheng-Qi Song, Hai-Bo Liang, Yi-Jun Li, Hong Su, Hai-Ming Jin, Xue-Qin Bai","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1437484","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1437484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spinal diseases and their associated symptoms are prevalent across all age groups, and their incidence severely affects countless individuals' quality of life. The role of daily habits in the progression of these diseases is increasingly emphasized in research. Moreover, there are reports suggesting associations between dietary factors and the onset of spinal diseases. However, the exact causal relationship between dietary factors and spinal diseases has not been fully elucidated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained GWAS data on 16 dietary intake and 187 dietary likings from the UK Biobank, and GWAS data on 23 types of spinal disorders from FinnGen R10. The analysis of causal effects was conducted using the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) test, and to ensure robustness, MR-Egger, Weighted median, and Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization (BWMR) were utilized to validate the direction. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the Cochran Q test and MR-Egger intercept test. Additionally, Multivariable MR (MVMR) was employed to examine the independent effect of alcohol intake frequency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In summary, our study identified statistically significant causal associations between four dietary intake and 10 dietary linkings with various spinal disorders through univariable MR, with degenerative spinal changes showing the most significant dietary influence. Alcohol intake was identified as the primary risk factor, with other risk factors including poultry intake and likings for various types of meat. Protective factors mainly included intake and liking of fruits and vegetables. Additionally, various supplementary analytical methods along with heterogeneity and pleiotropy tests have confirmed the robustness of our results. To avoid the interference of diet-related diseases, multivariable MR analysis was conducted, showing that the incidence of cervical disc disorders may be influenced by gout, diabetes, and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicates a potential causal relationship between dietary factors and the risk of spinal disorders, providing insights for the early detection and prevention. However, the specific pathogenic mechanisms require detailed basic and clinical research in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1437484"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three lessons on diabetes for global health professionals, researchers and policy-makers from the people of Ga Mashie.","authors":"Olutobi Adekunle Sanuade, Lydia O Okoibhole, Ernestina K Dankyi, Daniel Strachan, Leonard Baatiema, Sandra Boatemaa Kushitor, Raphael B Awuah, Mawuli K Kushitor, Samuel Amon, Irene Akwo Kretchy, Daniel Arhinful, Edward Fottrell, Megan Vaughan","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1534450","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1534450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes is a leading cause of death globally, with significant burdens in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, knowledge of contextual factors associated with diabetes in LMICs are limited. This study highlights three important lessons on diabetes by identifying and interpreting contextual factors related to its prevention and management within a low-income urban community in Accra, Ghana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a qualitative study. Data were collected through four focus group discussions (FGDs) with older adults men and women (50+ years) and 18 in-depth interviews with community stakeholders, including traditional leaders, market women, and the Ga Mashie Development Agency. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key insights on diabetes perceptions, challenges, and cultural practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three key themes emerged from the data: (1) Knowledge does not always translate to action. While participants had extensive knowledge of diabetes risk factors and management, they cited practical constraints that hindered their ability to make behavior changes; (2) Food is more than nutrition. Participants noted that food plays an important role in family, community, and emotional well-being, and (3) Diabetes carries dual meanings. Participants associated diabetes with both individual lifestyle behaviors (e.g., alcohol consumption and sexual activity) and broader environmental exposures (e.g., pollution and chemical contaminants in food).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results highlight the complexity of diabetes management in an urban poor community context, requiring more than knowledge on diabetes risk factors for behavior change. Addressing personal, communal, and environmental factors, alongside structural barriers, is essential for developing effective, sustainable diabetes management strategies in this setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1534450"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between prebiotic, probiotic consumption and hyperuricemia in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011-2018.","authors":"Yixuan Wang, Shiwei Li, Xin Li, Meng Wang, Bo Huang, Kailei Feng, Jingqiu Cui","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1492708","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1492708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to provide evidence for an association between the consumption of prebiotics and probiotics and hyperuricemia in U.S. adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 7,176 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2011-2018 were included in the study. First, the baseline characteristics of the data were described for the weighted data, using the presence or absence of hyperuricemia as the classification criterion. Second, binary logistic regression analyses were performed to establish crude models and regression models adjusted for relevant covariates, and odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to explore the relationship between prebiotics, probiotic intake, and hyperuricemia. Subsequently, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to assess probiotic consumption's role in the hyperuricemia prediction model. Finally, subgroup analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants who consumed probiotics had a lower prevalence of hyperuricemia than those who did not (3.48% vs. 6.25%, <i>p</i> = 0.082). In logistic regression analyses, prebiotics' effect on hyperuricemia was insignificant (<i>p</i> > 0.05), regardless of whether covariates were considered. In contrast, the crude model for probiotics and the adjusted model 1, which was constructed by adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity, showed ORs less than 1 (crude model: OR = 0.54, 95% CI [0.34, 0.83], <i>p</i> = 0.008; adjusted model 1: OR = 0.54, 95% CI [0.34, 0.83], <i>p</i> = 0.008). The predictive model, including age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and probiotics, had 76.7% sensitivity and 68.0% specificity with an area under the ROC curve of 0.7886 for detecting hyperuricemia in US adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that probiotic consumption may reduce the incidence of hyperuricemia in the US adult population, but prebiotics have not shown the same effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1492708"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between sleep behaviors and adiposity indices among U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Shenghao Xu, Jie Lin, Qibo Xu, Kai Zhao, Jianlin Xiao","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1526422","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1526422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to clarify the relationship between sleep behaviors and adiposity indices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed NHANES data from 2011 to 2018 for adults aged 20-80, assessing BMI, waist circumference (WC), lean mass, and body fat percentage with DEXA scans and physical measurements. Sleep duration was categorized into short (<7 h), normal (7-9 h), and long (>9 h), as well as their sleep status based on questionnaires. Furthermore, we examined the interaction effects between sleep duration and sleep patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 19,951 participants providing BMI and WC data, and 10,716 for lean mass and body fat percentage, short sleep duration correlated with higher BMI (β = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.36-0.76), WC (β = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.43-1.37), and lean mass (β = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.32-1.07). Individuals with sleep disorders showed increased values across all indices: BMI (β = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.72-1.13), WC (β = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.92-2.88), lean mass (β = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.30-1.12), and body fat percentage (β = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.37-0.90). No significant interaction effects were found between sleep duration and sleep disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that individuals with short sleep duration and sleep disorders are likely to carry a higher weight burden, indicating potential targets for addressing obesity-related health issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1526422"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint association of sleep duration and depression with new-onset hearing loss: a national cohort study.","authors":"Fang Wang, Yu-Jun Xiong, Da-Ming Shao, Tian Lv, Shiqin Chen, Qian-Yuan Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1528567","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1528567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hearing loss, a global health burden, is closely associated with depression and sleep disorders. However, the combined effects of sleep duration and depression on hearing loss risk remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed, including 6,374 adults aged 45 and older. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the relationship between depression, sleep duration, and hearing loss. Mediation analysis explored the potential mediating roles of CESD-10 score and sleep duration on new-onset hearing loss. Subgroup analyses by age, sex, and BMI were also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a 7-year follow-up, 1,422 participants developed hearing loss. Both short sleep duration and high CESD-10 scores were independently associated with increased risk of hearing loss. Participants with long sleep duration but depression had a hazards ratio (HR) of 1.59 (95% CI: 1.35, 1.87) for hearing loss. Mediation analysis showed that sleep duration mediated 10.1% of the association between CESD-10 score and hearing loss, while CESD-10 score mediated 70.8% of the relationship between sleep duration and hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the significant and interconnected roles of sleep duration and depression in the development of hearing loss. Interventions addressing both sleep and depression may offer more effective strategies for preventing and managing hearing loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1528567"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging males to improve nutrition outcomes in young children in Bihar.","authors":"Putul Thakur, Santosh Akhauri, Narottam Pradhan, Andy Bhanot, Manoj Kumar, Mani Kumar, Neelmani Singh, Sudipta Mondal","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1453644","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1453644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poor dietary practices among children aged 6-23 months pose a critical public health challenge, hindering their physical and cognitive development. The National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) reveals that only 11% of children in this age group consume diets meeting the minimum dietary diversity requirements. To address this, a targeted intervention was designed and implemented to improve dietary diversity in children. This study evaluates the intervention's impact on enhancing dietary diversity and fostering changes in gender norms, such as increased male participation in nutrition-related decision-making, food procurement, shared childcare responsibilities, and discussions about children's nutritional needs. This research employed a quasi-experimental design with baseline and endline rounds. The intervention and control blocks were selected from the same district based on matching criteria such as population size, literacy rate, etc. The sample size was determined using a two-sample proportion formula to detect an 9% difference between the intervention and control groups, with a 95% confidence level and 80% statistical power. Household listing identified 1,684 and 1,362 children aged 6-11 months in the intervention and control blocks, respectively. 400 fathers and 400 mothers were randomly sampled from both arms in each survey round. The intervention's impact was assessed using a difference-in-differences (DID) approach. The results revealed significant improvements in the minimum dietary diversity of children aged 6-23 months (DID coefficient, 21%; <i>p</i> < 0.00). At baseline, the intervention and control groups had similar dietary diversity (14% and 13%, respectively), but by endline, the intervention group had significantly improved to 50% compared to 29% in the control group. Knowledge of dietary diversity increased substantially among mothers (DID: 31.3%; <i>p</i> < 0.00) and fathers (DID: 15.6%, <i>p</i> < 0.00). Collaborative meal planning improved (DID: 9.8%; <i>p</i> < 0.00) along with better planning for purchasing vitamin A-rich foods (DID: 28.1%; <i>p</i> < 0.00). These findings highlight the effectiveness of engaging men in nutrition programs to support women in child-feeding practices. The intervention improved dietary practices for young children and promoted a gender-inclusive approach. Scaling this program to other regions could enhance child nutrition outcomes and contribute to better child health and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1453644"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of ultra-processed foods consumption with increased liver steatosis in U.S. adults.","authors":"Jingru Song, Siqi Chen, Kexin Qian, Wei Ye","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1536989","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1536989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent studies demonstrated a strong association between dietary habits and liver health, particularly in the development of steatosis and fibrosis. This study aimed to examine the impact of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) on liver health, focusing specifically on their influence on the risks of liver steatosis and fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 4,992 participants aged 18 years and older from the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary intake was assessed using one or two 24-h dietary recalls, and foods were categorized by their processing level using the NOVA classification system. UPFs consumption was measured in grams and divided into quartiles. Liver health was assessed using controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) via elastography, to evaluate steatosis and fibrosis, respectively. Linear regression models were applied to assess the relationship between UPFs consumption and liver outcomes, adjusting for sociodemographic (age, sex, ethnicity), lifestyle (alcohol consumption, physical activity), and biomedical factors (liver enzyme levels).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher UPF intake was significantly associated with increased CAP values, indicating a higher risk of liver steatosis. While liver fibrosis, measured by LSM, was also associated with UPF consumption, this relationship did not reach statistical significance. Multivariate analysis showed that increased UPF consumption did not significantly affect LSM (<i>p</i> = 0.110) but was strongly associated with elevated CAP values (<i>p</i> = 0.009). In participants with fatty liver (CAP > 248 dB/m), the association between UPF intake and CAP remained significant (<i>p</i> = 0.020). Participants in the highest quartile of UPFs consumption (Q4) exhibited higher CAP values compared to those in the lowest quartile (Q1) (β = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.47). Stratified analysis revealed that the association between UPF intake and CAP was more pronounced in obese individuals (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03-1.15, <i>p</i> = 0.022) and those with high waist circumference (HR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.10, <i>p</i> = 0.032).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results underscore the adverse impact of UPFs on liver health, particularly by increasing steatosis, while the connection with fibrosis remains less straightforward.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1536989"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National analysis of the dietary index for gut microbiota and kidney stones: evidence from NHANES (2007-2018).","authors":"Xinzhou Yan, Xianhua Shao, Tengyue Zeng, Qijie Zhang, Junpeng Deng, Jianjun Xie","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1540688","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1540688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have highlighted the effects of diet and gut microbiota on the incidence of kidney stones, and the dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) is a new dietary index that accurately represents the variety of gut microbiota. The current study intends to examine the potential correlation between DI-GM and kidney stones.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were employed in this cross-sectional study. The history of kidney stones was assessed using a kidney conditions questionnaire. In order to examine the correlation between DI-GM and kidney stones, multivariate logistic regression was implemented. Additionally, smoothed curve fitting, subgroup analyses, and sensitivity analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The investigation encompassed a total of 21,587 participants. After adjusting for all potential covariates, we found that DI-GM was negatively related to the incidence of kidney stones (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93-0.98, <i>p</i> = 0.0021). Compared to those in the lowest quartile, participants in the highest quartile had a lower prevalence of kidney stones (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75-0.98, <i>p</i> = 0.0252). Additionally, smoothed curve fitting revealed that DI-GM was linearly associated with the incidence of kidney stones. The results of the sensitivity analyses proved the robustness of the main analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A negative correlation between the incidence of kidney stones and DI-GM is supported by the evidence presented in this study. This finding emphasizes the potential benefits of adjusting dietary structure according to DI-GM in reducing the incidence of kidney stones. Further research should validate this discovery by employing longitudinal studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1540688"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}