Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"The efficacy of resveratrol in the treatment of liver fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.","authors":"Dehua Luo, Zhoubiao Shang, Qingying He, Jianlong Ke, Qiqi Xian, Shunxin Dai, Sheng Sun, Shaoquan Xiong","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1606603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1606603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effects and underlying mechanisms of resveratrol-a plant-derived polyphenol abundantly found in natural dietary sources such as grapes and blueberries-on the amelioration of liver fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from a systematic review of 46 animal studies identified across seven databases. Study quality was assessed using the SYRCLE tool for risk of bias. Meta-analysis was performed with Stata 17.0. Outcome measures included collagen deposition, hydroxyproline content, extracellular matrix components (HA, LN, CIV, PIIINP), key fibrogenic mediators (TGF-β, α-SMA, Col1α1), liver function markers (albumin, ALT, AST, ALP), as well as inflammatory and oxidative stress indicators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Resveratrol markedly attenuated collagen deposition and reduced hydroxyproline levels, a central marker of fibrotic progression. It significantly inhibited the accumulation of extracellular matrix components and modulated profibrotic mediators. Improvement in liver function was indicated by elevated albumin levels and decreased activities of ALT, AST, and ALP. Mechanistically, resveratrol exerted dual modulation through the following pathways: Inflammatory pathways: downregulation of IL-6 and TNF-α; Oxidative stress responses: enhancement of SOD and GSH activities, accompanied by reduction in MDA levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Resveratrol significantly alleviates liver fibrosis in animal models via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. However, translation to clinical practice requires further validation owing to interspecies differences and notable heterogeneity across included studies. Standardized preclinical study designs and cross-species mechanistic investigations are warranted to support future clinical applications.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>The registered website: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42025633941.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1606603"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12491981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics analysis reveals the bitter active ingredients in <i>Lonicera caerulea</i> L.","authors":"Ling Zhu, Xindi Zhang, Yaxi Han, Kunlun Wang, Xinmiao Yao, Ye Zhou, Bo Li, Nina Ji, Shuwen Lu, Lijun Guan","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1650764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1650764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Blue honeysuckle (<i>Lonicera caerulea</i> L.) is a nutritionally valuable cold-climate berry characterized by a considerable bitter taste. While bitter compounds in plant foods are often associated with favorable physiological activities, their specific identities in blue honeysuckle remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study combined sensory evaluation, electronic tongue analysis, and untargeted metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to identify and compare bitter compounds in three cultivars of blue honeysuckle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 73 bitter metabolites were identified in blue honeysuckle, predominantly flavonoids, amino acids and derivatives, phenolic acids, lipids, and tannins. The highest-bitterness variety, Chaoxian (CX) exhibited specific accumulation of l-valine, l-leucine, l-histidine, l-phenylalanine, eriodictyol, trifolin, isoorientin, naringin, and eriocitrin compared to Luohuotan (LHT) and Lanjingling (LJL). The KEGG enrichment analysis implicated the biosynthesis of amino acids (ko01230) and flavonoid biosynthesis (ko00941) as primary contributors to inter-varietal bitterness divergence.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings provide important information for retaining bioactive bitter metabolites in blue honeysuckle and optimizing its flavor profile to enhance market acceptability.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1650764"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional exploration of the dietary inflammation index association with cardiovascular disease in gout: application of machine learning algorithms.","authors":"Qiang Zhang, Xue-Bing Lyu, Chang-Quan Liu, Wei-Zhen Zhang, Yu-Guang Wang, Wei-Zhe Deng, Xuan-Hua Yu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1591472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1591472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Gout is a condition strongly associated with dietary patterns and elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in affected individuals. Given the potential influence of dietary diversity on inflammatory responses, this study aimed to explore the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and CVD prevalence in gout patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from gout patients in NHANES 2007-2018 were extracted for analysis. Correlation matrices were employed to examine the relationships among 28 dietary inflammation indices. Machine learning algorithms were utilized to identify key features for constructing a covariate subset for the final model, and Random Forest SHAP interpretations were applied to assess variable risk factors. The relationship between DII and CVD risk in gout patients was assessed using multi-model logistic regression. RCS were applied to evaluate the risk trend and to assess model discrimination, predictive probability, and clinical benefit using ROC, calibration curves, and DCA, respectively. Subgroup analysis was evaluated the heterogeneity in CVD across different populations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1,437 gout patients met inclusion criteria were included in the study, with mean age of 60.84 years, consisting of 435 females (31.23%) and 1,002 males (68.77%), and an overall CVD prevalence of 32.92%. DII was linearly associated with CVD risk (<i>P</i> for overall = 0.002; <i>P</i> for nonlinear = 0.810). In the final model, DII was positively associated with CVD risk, showing 118% increased risk in Q4 compared to Q1 (OR: 2.18, 95%CI: 1.52-3.13, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The constructed model exhibited stability performance (AUC = 0.750, 95%CI: 0.722-0.775). Segmented subgroup analysis indicated that gout patients with high DII (> 1.934) had a increased risk of CVD (OR: 1.33, 95%CI: 0.06-1.65, <i>p</i> = 0.012), while those younger than 60 years had higher risk (OR: 2.19, 95%CI: 1.36-3.54, <i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher DII was associated with increased prevalence of CVD in gout patients. Dietary modification may serve as an effective strategy for preventing disease progression and reducing CVD risk. Our findings support the clinical development of dietary and nutritional guidance programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1591472"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving diet quality for female workers through market innovations: evidence from Assam's tea estates.","authors":"Shantanu Das, Akash Porwal, Anshita Sharma, Fred Wangila, Eric Djimeu Wouabe, Carrel Fokou, Aishwarya Choubey, Kris Woltering, Mduduzi Mmbuya, Christina Nyhus Dhillon","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1608153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1608153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite the economic significance of the tea industry in India, its female workers suffer from high rates of malnutrition, particularly anemia. A three-year intervention aimed to improve diets among tea workers through behavior change and supply-side strategies across tea estates in Assam, India. Key activities included community-based edutainment, cooking demonstrations, and a market-based approach to increase access to nutritious foods via door-to-door entrepreneurs or local shops.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study used a mixed method, repeated cross-sectional design. Baseline (Feb-Mar 2021) and endline (Mar-Apr 2023) data were collected via household surveys (989 tea workers, 66 clusters), 20 key informant interviews, and 10 focus group discussions. A multi-stage sampling design selected 30 estates, 66 divisions, and 15 households per division. Women aged 15-49 were the primary respondents. Monitoring data tracked coverage and outputs. Propensity score matching controlled for differences in selected households.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The estimated intervention effect was a 38.3 percent increase in the consumption of vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables and a 13.2 percentage point increase in the consumption of fortified cooking oil. Overall, this resulted in a 28.2 percentage point increase in the proportion of women meeting a minimally diverse diet. Some differences were seen across the market-based models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The intervention's combination of supply-side innovations and behavior change efforts was effective and highlighted the potential for market-based approach to positively transform food environments in low-income settings. Future research should explore the long-term sustainability of such market-based interventions in improving nutritious foods consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1608153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in commercial complementary food in Romanian infants-a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Elena Roxana Matran, Andra-Mihaela Diaconu, Cristina Adriana Becheanu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1622842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1622842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Good feeding practices beginning early in life and are crucial for preventing all forms of malnutrition and non-communicable diseases. This time frame encompasses the delicate phase of complementary feeding, which traditionally involved homemade meals. The use of commercial complementary foods (CCF) began more than a century ago and represents a convenient alternative. We aim to outline both the profile of CCF consumers while accurately describe CCF dietary patterns.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study analysing a final cohort of 75 infants 6-12 months admitted for acute illnesses to the Pediatrics Department of the \"Grigore Alexandrescu\" Emergency Hospital for Children in Bucharest, Romania, from June 2024 to December 2024. The mothers were requested to complete a two-section questionnaire focusing specifically on the utilization of commercial baby food products.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty percent of the study population consumed at least once a CCF product, with a median [IQR] age at first administration at 6 months [5.25-7]. The CCF products were divided in 6 categories: milk-based products, cereals, pseudocereals, fruit jars/pouches, vegetables puree and meat jars and biscuits and pastas (flour-based products) similar to the one from European Commission. The most frequently given were biscuits and pasta. CCF consumption was not overall influenced by family income or educational level, except the pseudocereals consumption. Among the most utilized vegetables were sweet potatoes, carrots, zucchini, among the fruits were apples and banana and chicken-meat was the most offered. Overall perception of mothers on CCF was favorable, within the motivations and advantages of using them being their diversity and convenience.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CCF are intensely utilized in our country. Regarding the composition of these products, there is a combination between traditions and new dietary tendencies. Longitudinal, further studies, are necessary to characterize the long-term effects of this feeding pattern.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1622842"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of a risk prediction model for enteral nutrition feeding intolerance in intensive care units.","authors":"Xiaohua Cao, Hua Wang, Yinling Song, Xiangru Yan, Wenjuan Wu, Wenqiang Li, Lulu Chen","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1667046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1667046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) who receive enteral nutrition (EN) treatment frequently experience feeding intolerance (FI), which, if not promptly managed, can adversely affect treatment outcomes and overall prognosis. This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with enteral nutrition feeding intolerance (ENFI) in critically ill ICU patients and to develop a predictive model to assess the risk of ENFI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled 144 patients, who were categorized into an ENFI group and a non-ENFI group. Variable selection for model development was conducted through univariate analysis, multicollinearity testing, and binary logistic regression. Based on the logistic regression results, a visual predictive model for ENFI risk was constructed using a nomogram. The model's discriminative performance was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Internal validation was performed using the bootstrap method with 1,000 resamples of the original dataset. A calibration curve was generated, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was applied to assess the model's calibration accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the results of the binary logistic regression analysis, a nomogram model was developed to predict enteral nutrition feeding intolerance (ENFI) in critically ill ICU patients. The model incorporated five variables: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, mechanical ventilation (MV), albumin (ALB), intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), and EN start time. AUC was 0.800 (95% confidence interval, 0.725-0.875), with a cutoff value of 0.306. The model demonstrated a sensitivity of 82.5%, specificity of 72.4%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 67.2%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 86.3%. Following internal validation using the bootstrap method, the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test produced a χ² value of 2.9954 (<i>p</i> = 0.9346). The lack of statistically significant deviation between the predicted and observed risk values indicates that the model demonstrates good calibration and accurately reflects the actual risk of ENFI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The model demonstrated good predictive performance and can effectively assess the risk of ENFI in critically ill ICU patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1667046"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the potential of lactic acid bacteria from Algerian dromedary camel milk: diversity, technological applications, and antimicrobial insights.","authors":"Bilal Latreche, Esma Bendjama, Lotfi Loucif, Ibtissem Sanah, Mohammed Messaoudi, Chawki Bensouici, Fairouz Djeghim, Khawla Kerbab, Jean-Marc Rolain, Maria D'Elia, Luca Rastrelli, Samira Becila","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1647344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1647344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a central role in the food industry due to their ability to produce beneficial metabolites and enhance the technological and sensory qualities of fermented products. Additionally, they contribute to human health by supporting immune function and maintaining gut microbiota balance through probiotic effects. This study aimed to isolate and characterize LAB from dromedary camel milk (DCM) collected in semi-arid regions of Algeria, evaluating their technological functionalities and antimicrobial activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 31 LAB strains were isolated from raw DCM samples. Strains were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and characterized for acidification kinetics, lipolytic, proteolytic, and amylolytic activities, exopolysaccharide (EPS) and acetoin production, and antimicrobial properties against common foodborne pathogens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four species were identified, with <i>Enterococcus italicus</i> reported for the first time in this environment. Significant inter-strain variability (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) was observed in all tested properties. Three strains (<i>BLC9</i>, <i>BLC12</i>, <i>BLC14</i>) acidified milk rapidly to pH 4.6 within 12 h. Proteolytic activity was detected in 87.10% of strains, while EPS and acetoin were produced by 29.03 and 48.39%, respectively. Lipolytic and amylolytic activities were generally weak. Notably, 74.19% of the strains exhibited antimicrobial activity, inhibiting at least one pathogen, with inhibition zones varying significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dromedary camel milk from Algerian semi-arid regions represents a rich source of LAB strains with promising technological and antimicrobial potential. These native isolates could be further developed for use in additive-free fermented foods and natural biopreservation systems, supporting sustainable and functional food innovation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1647344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of collagen peptide supplementation on bone and muscle health: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Chongxiao Sun, Ao Yang, Fei Teng, Yayi Xia","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1646090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1646090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Collagen peptide supplements, especially when combined with vitamin D as well as calcium, are showing promise as a means of enhancing the condition of muscle and bone. This meta-analysis examined how collagen peptide intake affected muscular performance, bone turnover metrics, probability of fracture, and bone mineral density (BMD).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary goal of this meta-analysis was to investigate the influence of collagen peptide treatment on musculoskeletal indices, bone turnover indicators, and BMD. The interaction of collagen peptides with vitamin D and calcium was of special significance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Randomized trials evaluating collagen peptide intake, either independently or in combination with calcium and vitamin D, were systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed. In order to synthesize effect sizes among trials, standardized mean differences (SMDs) using 95% confidence intervals were computed. The Cochran's Q analysis and the I2 measure were employed to determine variability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Studies revealed that supplementing with collagen peptide significantly increased BMD in the femoral neck and spine. Nonetheless, there was a significant amount of variation in BMD results across trials (I² = 80.1%). Collagen had no noticeable variance (I² = 0%) and enhanced bone turnover indicators (SMD 0.40-0.58) and muscle performance (SMD 0.60 [0.05, 1.15]). When collagen was paired with the nutrients vitamin D and calcium, positive synergies were noticed (SMDs 0.40-0.56).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collagen peptide supplementation, particularly when synergized with calcium and vitamin D, is associated with continuous improvements in BMD, bone turnover markers, and muscle function. All these variables are important for fracture prevention. Owing to the information collagen peptides could be used as an adjunct therapy for managing osteoporosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1646090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages by <i>Pulsatilla koreana</i>-synthesized gold nanoparticles.","authors":"Yaxi Han, Xindi Zhang, Ling Zhu, Kunlun Wang, Dixin Sha, Nina Ji, Jing Fan, Qing Chen, Kaixin Chen, Ye Zhou, Xinmiao Yao, Bo Li, Lijun Guan","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1666919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1666919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using medicinal plants has emerged as a promising strategy in nanobiotechnology due to their distinctive therapeutic attributes, including biological specificity, low cytotoxicity, and inherent biocompatibility. This study presents a straightforward phytosynthetic approach that eliminates requirements for additional stabilizing agents, demonstrating exceptional process simplicity and efficiency. The formation of Pk-AuNps was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy with maximum absorbance at 540 nm. Comprehensive characterization through FE-TEM, EDX, and XRD revealed spherical morphology with face-centered cubic crystalline structure, while FTIR identified critical functional groups responsible for biological activity of Pk-AuNps. DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS inhibition, and ferric reducing power analysis further revealed that Pk-AuNps possess strong antioxidant activity. Cytocompatibility evaluations in RAW264.7 and A549 cell lines revealed excellent biosafety characteristics of Pk-AuNps, highlighting their biocompatibility for potential biomedical applications. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory properties of Pk-AuNps in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages were also investigated. Notably, Pk-AuNps demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-activated macrophages, significantly attenuating pro-inflammatory mediators through dual mechanisms: (1) Inhibition of NO and PGE2 production, and (2) Downregulation of iNOS and COX-2 gene expression. These findings indicate that Pk-AuNps show promise as functional food ingredients, demonstrating multifunctional bioactive properties to developing anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1666919"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national burden of iodine deficiency for women of reproductive age, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.","authors":"Taotao Wang, Jingmin Tong, Yuzhou Liu, Yanqiu Liu, Hui Xu, Yang Liu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1577169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1577169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to assess the global, regional, and national burden of iodine deficiency among women of reproductive age (WRA) from 1990 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, this study reports age-standardized rates per 100,000 population and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) in incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLD) of iodine deficiency among WRA, facilitating a comparative analysis of the burden across regions and nations. Moreover, Joinpoint analysis was utilized to assess temporal trends, the slope index and concentration index of inequality were used to assess the health inequality across countries. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was employed to forecast the burden up to 2044.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A notable upward trend in the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of iodine deficiency among WRA was observed globally from 1990 to 2021, and this trend is projected to remain relatively stable between 2021 and 2030. The global ASIR increase from 171.3 per 100,000 population (95% CI 122.8, 228.2) in 1990 to 193.6 (95% CI 141.7, 253.2) in 2021 with an AAPC at 0.36 (95% CI 0.26, 0.47). Moreover, the global age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-standardized YLD rate (ASYR) demonstrated decreased trend with the AAPC of -0.31 (-0.35, -0.27) and -1.05 (-1.19, -0.92), respectively. In 2021, countries with low sociodemographic index (SDI) exhibited the highest iodine deficiency burden. The highest burden of iodine deficiency was observed in Central Sub-Saharan Africa, while East Asia exhibited the highest increase in ASIR, ASPR and ASYR. Women of 20-24 years showed the highest increase in the age specific incidence rate globally. The significant absolute and relative health inequality was also observed and the gap has been narrowed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Over the past three decades, there has been an overall upward trend in the ASIR of iodine deficiency among WRA globally. Health inequalities related to iodine deficiency was still prominent across countries. Iodine deficiency among WRA remains a significant public health issue. It is crucial to prioritize the development of effective, targeted strategies and implement monitoring mechanisms to enhance the iodine levels among WRA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1577169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}