Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Text-based nutrient estimation by large language models: a comparative evaluation against the Chinese Food Composition Table.","authors":"Yongwen Cao, Zhendong Liu, Ning Wang, Min Chen, Hongyan Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1952757","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1952757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Large language models (LLMs) increasingly provide nutrient information, but their accuracy for Chinese foods and their consistency across repeated queries are not well established.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare nutrient estimates from nine general-purpose LLMs with the Chinese Food Composition Table (CFCT) and assess within-model reproducibility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For 299 commonly consumed Chinese foods, each model estimated energy and 14 nutrients per 100 g in three independent runs (8,073 food-level outputs). Model means were compared with CFCT values using absolute-agreement intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), bias, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error, percentage error, and Bland-Altman limits of agreement. Repeated-run ICCs and coefficients of variation assessed reproducibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Agreement was excellent for energy, fat, carbohydrate, sodium, and vitamin C across all nine models, and good to excellent for protein. Performance was less consistent for vitamin A, zinc, iron, and potassium. Repeated-run stability was high for energy and macronutrients but lowest for vitamin A. GLM had the most favorable combined accuracy-stability profile, followed by Minimax and Qwen. Even when aggregate agreement was high, individual food estimates sometimes showed substantial error.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>General-purpose LLMs can approximate energy and macronutrient values for Chinese foods under controlled text-based conditions, but micronutrient estimates remain less dependable. Values intended for clinical or other high-stakes applications should be verified using validated food-composition resources and, where appropriate, qualified nutrition professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1952757"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Not always protective: health literacy, school connectedness and adolescent healthy eating behaviors-the moderating role of physical activity participation.","authors":"Jiawei Chen, Mengfen Liu, Xinjie Han, Yanxia Tang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1976575","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1976575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore the effects of Health literacy on adolescent healthy eating behaviors, a moderated-mediation model was constructed in this study to examine the mediating effect of School connectedness and the moderating effect of Physical activity participation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Stratified cluster sampling was adopted. Questionnaires were administered to 3, 009 middle-school students recruited from 12 middle schools across 6 provinces nationwide, using the Health literacy scale, Eating behaviors scale, School connectedness scale, and Physical activity participation scale. Data analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS Model 15.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) Health literacy was significantly and positively associated with adolescent healthy eating behaviors. (2) A statistically significant indirect effect through School connectedness was identified; however, its direction was opposite to the hypothesized positive mediation, indicating a suppression pattern. (3) Physical activity participation significantly moderated the direct association between Health literacy and healthy eating behaviors, with this positive association progressively weakening as Physical activity participation increased. (4) Physical activity participation also moderated the second stage of the indirect pathway (School connectedness → healthy eating behaviors). The suppression pattern was stronger at low levels of Physical activity participation but was attenuated and statistically reversed at high levels, where the conditional indirect effect became weakly positive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adolescent healthy eating behaviors are shaped by the interactive effects of individual cognition, school environments, and adolescents' motivational tendency for sports-participation within institutional school physical-activity contexts. School connectedness may function as a counteracting factor in the association between Health literacy and healthy Eating behaviors; however, this counteracting effect is contingent upon Physical activity participation, disappearing and shifting toward a weak positive effect at high levels of Physical activity participation. These findings highlight the importance of jointly considering Health literacy, School connectedness, and Physical activity participation in school-based health promotion. However, given the cross-sectional design and the small positive indirect effect observed at high levels of Physical activity participation, further longitudinal and intervention studies are needed before specific stratified intervention strategies are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1976575"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional management strategies post-liver transplantation: a comparative review of pediatric and adult recipients.","authors":"Man Wang, Wei Gao, Zhixin Zhang, Meimei Si, Xiangyun Li, Qianyu Wang, Kexin Zhao, Ying Jiang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1920355","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1920355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postoperative malnutrition occurs in 30-60% of liver transplant recipients and impairs perioperative recovery and long-term survival. Distinct malnutrition phenotypes exist across age groups, adult recipients mainly develop sarcopenia driven by sustained hypercatabolism, while pediatric counterparts suffer growth retardation and feeding dysfunction resulting from congenital cholestasis and high anabolic demands. Current studies mostly focus on short-term nutritional support, lacking age-stratified full-cycle intervention covering pre-transplant, early postoperative and long-term maintenance phases, and insufficiently summarize differentiated micronutrient supplementation schemes. This review systematically comparing pathological, metabolic, psychological and nutritional discrepancies between pediatric and adult liver transplant recipients. This review delineates age-specific requirements for macronutrients, fat- and water-soluble vitamins, and trace elements, and summarizes stratified nutritional assessment modalities, enteral and parenteral feeding regimens, and targeted interventions to counteract metabolic adverse effects induced by immunosuppressive agents. Multidisciplinary, staged individualized nutritional regimens are proposed to correct malnutrition, promote catch-up growth in children, preserve muscle mass and reduce metabolic complications in adults, providing evidence-based guidance for clinical precision nutritional management after liver transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1920355"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative nutritional status defined by GLIM criteria and postoperative delirium in older patients receiving general anesthesia.","authors":"Yuan Tian, Ming-Rui Song, Jian-Feng Jiang, Jia-Teng Wu, Yun-Fei Yan, Yan-Yuan Sun","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1878893","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1878893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preoperative malnutrition may reflect reduced physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to postoperative delirium (POD) in older surgical patients. However, evidence based on standardized diagnostic criteria remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association between Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM)-defined malnutrition and POD among older patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational cohort study included consecutive patients aged ≥65 years who underwent elective or emergency surgery under general anesthesia between January 2022 and December 2025. Preoperative malnutrition was retrospectively classified according to the GLIM framework using available phenotypic and etiologic criteria. Patients with and without GLIM-defined malnutrition were matched 1:2 using propensity score matching. POD documented during hospitalization was identified from Confusion Assessment Method assessments, Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit assessments, or explicit physician diagnoses. The association between GLIM-defined malnutrition and POD was examined using conditional logistic regression stratified by matched set. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The matched cohort comprised 495 patients, including 165 with GLIM-defined malnutrition and 330 without malnutrition. All propensity score covariates achieved acceptable post-matching balance, with absolute standardized mean differences <0.10. POD occurred in 42 patients with malnutrition (25.5%) and 37 patients without malnutrition (11.2%; <i>p</i> < 0.001). GLIM-defined malnutrition was associated with higher odds of POD after multivariable adjustment (adjusted odds ratio, 2.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.36-4.10; <i>p</i> = 0.002). No significant interactions were identified across age, surgical category, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, or immediate postoperative intensive care unit admission subgroups. Comparable associations were observed in the unmatched cohort, alternative matched analyses, fixed observation windows, restricted-length-of-stay cohorts, and analyses using alternative POD definitions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GLIM-defined malnutrition was associated with higher odds of POD during hospitalization in older patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. GLIM-based nutritional assessment may provide clinically useful information for perioperative delirium risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1878893"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional support in bone infections: mechanisms, strategies, and clinical practice.","authors":"Xiaoqin Li, Can Zhang, Weizhu Zhang, Yun Liang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1972375","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1972375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Bone infections, including osteomyelitis and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), are characterized by prolonged treatment, high recurrence, and functional impairment. Persistent inflammation induces hypercatabolism, negative nitrogen balance, and micronutrient depletion, impairing immune defense and bone repair. Systematic nutritional assessment remains insufficient. This review elucidates metabolic mechanisms under infectious stress, evaluates macronutrients, micronutrients, and immunomodulatory nutrients in infection control and bone regeneration, and proposes a clinical nutritional management framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI from January 2020 to April 2026 to inform this narrative review. Studies on metabolic profiles, nutritional interventions, or nutritional status-outcome associations in osteomyelitis or PJI were included. Data were synthesized across five dimensions: molecular mechanisms, macronutrient therapy, micronutrient functions, immunonutrition, and implementation pathways, with evidence graded by OCEBM levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TNF-α and IL-6 drive muscle degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome activation and mTORC1 suppression, causing negative nitrogen balance; zinc, selenium, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D are depleted. Nutritional risk markers (albumin ≤ 3.5 g/dl and/or lymphocytes ≤ 1.5 × 10³/μl) are associated with 2--4-fold higher risks of postoperative infection, wound dehiscence, and sepsis, and increased 2-year osteomyelitis risk (RR = 2.55). Protein (1.5-2.0 g/kg/d) and energy (25-35 kcal/kg/d) correct nitrogen balance and support immunity and bone repair. Vitamin D induces cathelicidin via VDR, exerting mineralization and anti-infection effects; zinc/selenium alleviate oxidative damage; omega-3 PUFAs provide anti-inflammatory effects. Probiotics show gut-bone axis potential with limited evidence. High-quality RCTs for bone infections are lacking; most recommendations derive from observational studies (evidence levels C-D).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nutritional support should be elevated to core status. We recommend routine albumin, prealbumin, and lymphocyte screening, and a \"screening → assessment → stratified intervention → dynamic monitoring\" pathway. Enteral nutrition is preferred perioperatively, with 1.5-2.0 g/kg/d protein and 25-35 kcal/kg/d energy, plus individualized correction of vitamin D, zinc, and selenium deficiencies. Multicenter RCTs are needed to validate immunonutrient efficacy and advance precision nutrition via metabolomics and gut-bone axis mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1972375"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Music engagement, nutrition strategies, and psychological well-being in competitive athletes: a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study.","authors":"Fangkun Li, Weiqiang Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1934748","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1934748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Competitive athletes routinely face psychological demands that intersect with daily behavioral practices, yet music engagement and nutrition strategies have rarely been examined together as correlates of athlete psychological well-being. This study investigated the cross-sectional associations of strategic music use and differentiated nutrition strategies with a psychological well-being and recovery-related mental state composite among competitive athletes, using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. Survey data were collected from 350 competitive athletes in Changsha, China, between February and May 2026, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 purposively selected participants. Measurement validity was evaluated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and associations were estimated using multiple regression and structural equation modeling while adjusting for demographic and training covariates. Music engagement was positively associated with the psychological well-being composite (<i>β</i> = 0.31, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.41, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and nutrition strategies showed a comparably stronger association (<i>β</i> = 0.39, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.49, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Qualitative interviews indicated that athletes used music intentionally for arousal regulation, focus, and emotional recovery, while hydration and meal regularity were perceived as more feasible than diet planning, which was constrained by travel, scheduling, and resource barriers. These findings suggest that strategic music use and consistent nutrition practices represent behavioral correlates of athlete-reported psychological functioning and may inform non-clinical, athlete-centered self-management approaches, though longitudinal and intervention research is needed to evaluate directionality and causal mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1934748"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical effects of probiotic supplementation on depressive symptom severity in adults with depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"You-Sheng Zhang, Li-Shuang Zhang, Kun Zhang, Xiao-Li Liu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1900466","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1900466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Probiotic supplementation has been investigated as a potential adjunctive treatment for depressive disorders, but its clinical efficacy and safety remain uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotics on depressive symptom severity, clinical response, remission, treatment discontinuation, and adverse events in adults with clinically diagnosed depressive disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to May 8, 2026. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating orally administered probiotics against placebo or another non-probiotic control were included. Continuous outcomes were summarized as standardized mean differences (SMDs) using Hedges' g, and dichotomous outcomes as risk ratios (RRs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Random-effects models used restricted maximum likelihood estimation with Hartung-Knapp adjustment. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q, I², and τ², and robustness was examined using leave-one-out sensitivity analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine RCTs involving 460 participants were included. Probiotic supplementation was associated with a modest reduction in depressive symptom severity (SMD, -0.43; 95% CI, -0.73 to -0.12; I² = 46.8%; τ² = 0.069). The 95% prediction interval ranged from -1.10 to 0.25. Leave-one-out estimates ranged from -0.52 to -0.38, with all 95% CIs excluding zero. No significant effect modification was detected across formulation, dose, duration, treatment context, diagnostic population, or outcome-rater subgroups. Clinical response and remission were available from one trial and remained inconclusive (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.32-1.77; and RR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.08-2.19, respectively). All-cause discontinuation did not differ clearly between groups (seven RCTs; RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.67-1.98). Adverse-event evidence was limited and inconsistently reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Probiotic supplementation may modestly reduce depressive symptom severity, particularly as an adjunct to established treatment. However, the prediction interval included the null, and evidence regarding clinical response, remission, and safety remained inconclusive. Larger, adequately powered RCTs with standardized clinically meaningful outcomes and strain-specific reporting are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1900466"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Unlocking the secrets to healthy brain aging: diet, nutritional bioactive compounds, and lifestyle.","authors":"Cristina Angeloni, Daniel Di Risola, Roberto Mattioli, Luciana Mosca","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1995444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1995444","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1995444"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of moringa leaf processed by solid-state fermentation with <i>A.niger</i>.","authors":"Mingjing Yang, Shuyu Pang, Lingyuan Luo, Xingru Zao, Xingfeng Deng, Yang Tian, Yongqiang Li","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1970171","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1970171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Moringa leaf (ML) is rich in phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, isothiocyanates, tannins and other phytochemicals with diverse biological effects. This study aimed to explore the effect of <i>A.niger</i> fermentation on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities on the ML. The optimized fermentation conditions as follows: moisture content 60%, fermentation temperature 30°C, fermentation time 8 days and inoculation quantity 10⁷ spores/g fermentation sample. Filter paper enzyme (FPAse), carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), xylanase and β-glucosidase in ML increased significantly to 23.91 ± 0.85, 27.40 ± 1.12, 47.85 ± 0.91 and 2.45 ± 0.13 U/g DW respectively. Throughout 14 days of fermentation, a notable increase in total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity in soluble polyphenols (SPs) was observed. Specifically, TPC, TFC, DPPH radical scavenging activity (DRSA), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (HPSA) for ML were 146.74 ± 1.75 mg GAE/g DW, 2.12 ± 0.04 μmol CE/g DW, 32.56 ± 0.52 μmol TE/g D, 754.22 ± 3.24 μmol FE/g DW, 72.35 ± 0.25μmol FE/g DW, 105.79 ± 0.27μmol FE/g DW, respectively. In particular, the (-)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin were strongly positively correlated with the four antioxidant indexes. Moreover, fermentation with <i>A. niger</i> significantly increased the content of flavan-3-ols in ML. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase were significantly increased compared to unfermented moringa leaf (UF-ML) (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In summary, this study demonstrated that SSF was a new method for releasing polyphenols, which could provide a scientific basis for the further study of ML, as well as novel insights into the sustainable utilization of agricultural waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1970171"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of standardized parenteral nutrition on electrolyte balance: an observational study in preterm neonates.","authors":"Maria Di Chiara, Francesca Lucci, Arianna Di Domenico, Fabiana Russo, Lucia Dito, Paola Favata, Gianluigi Laccetta, Gianluca Terrin","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1849396","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1849396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preterm neonates require parenteral nutrition (PN) during the first days of life due to gastrointestinal immaturity. Two main formulations are available: individualized parenteral nutrition (IPN) and standardized parenteral nutrition (SPN). The literature remains inconclusive regarding their comparative safety, particularly concerning electrolyte balance. The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate whether an association exists between different PN formulations and the development of electrolyte disturbances in preterm infants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective observational cohort study included all neonates with gestational age ≤34 weeks and/or birth weight ≤1,500 g admitted to the NICU of Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, who received PN for at least 3 days between January 2015 and December 2024. Cohort A (<i>n</i> = 362) received IPN and Cohort B (<i>n</i> = 33) received SPN (Numeta^® G13%E). Electrolyte disturbances, nutritional intakes, and morbidities were compared. Binary logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics were observed between groups. Use of SPN was associated with significantly lower intakes of sodium and calcium during the first week of life. In multivariable analysis, SPN was independently associated with hyponatremia (OR 38.9, <i>p</i> < 0.001), hyperkalemia (OR 2.5, <i>p</i> = 0.021), hypocalcemia (OR 4.1, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and hyperphosphatemia (OR 7.1, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, standardized parenteral nutrition was associated with a significantly higher risk of electrolyte and mineral imbalances compared with individualized formulations. Where SPN is used, supplementation strategies should be considered to prevent complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1849396"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}