Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Salt intake moderates the association between BMI and cardiometabolic risk: evidence from an occupational cohort in Beijing.","authors":"Jiaju Ren, Yanqing Guo, Yanbo Zhu, Yan Cui, Li Jin, Wei Hao, Yanju Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1815741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1815741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to examine whether daily salt intake (DSI) modifies the association between body mass index (BMI) and cardiometabolic indicators in a Beijing occupational population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 1,866 adults undergoing occupational health examinations were included. DSI was estimated from fasting morning spot urine using the Sun_C equation. Based on correlation screening, seven cardiometabolic indicators were selected for further analysis: HDL-C, uric acid (UA), ApoA1, creatinine (Cr), ALT, ApoB/ApoA1, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Associations were assessed using multiple linear regression and restricted cubic spline models adjusted for age and sex. Effect modification by DSI was evaluated using interaction terms and the Johnson-Neyman technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean DSI was 9.50 ± 2.18 g. RCS analysis revealed significant non-linear associations between BMI and markers, including HDL-C, ApoA1, and UA (all P-non-linear < 0.05), with inflection points concentrated at 24.95 kg/m². DSI significantly moderated the relationships between BMI and HDL-C and ApoA1, whereas the interaction for UA was suggestive but did not reach statistical significance. In the young and middle-aged population (<60 years), these effects followed distinct sex-specific threshold patterns. Specifically, the lower DSI moderating thresholds for men ranged from 13.4 g to 16.2 g (encompassing HDL-C, UA, and ApoA1), while thresholds for women were notably lower, ranging between 11.2 g and 12.4 g. When salt intake remained below these limits, the adverse effects of obesity on metabolic indicators were significant and robust. Among elderly participants, all interaction terms were non-significant (<i>p</i> > 0.2).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The moderating influence of daily salt intake on cardiometabolic associations with BMI varied by age and was more evident in younger adults. The thresholds identified in this study differed by sex, at approximately 13-16 g/d in men and 11-12 g/d in women, and were higher than the WHO-recommended ceiling of 5 g/d. In practical terms, although most participants remained below these sex-specific thresholds, the metabolic burden of excess body weight was evident across the working-age adult population regardless of current sodium intake. These findings suggest that a single sodium restriction target may not fully reflect differences in metabolic context, although the present results should be interpreted cautiously in light of the cross-sectional design.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1815741"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13144143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of nutritional and functional profile of whole, hulled and germinated hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) seeds.","authors":"Daniel Mierlita","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1825902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1825902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemp seeds (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) have received considerable attention due to their nutrient and phytochemical content. However, while the nutritional and functional profile of whole hemp seeds has been adequately described in the literature, these aspects have not been investigated for hulled seeds, especially germinated hemp seeds. Therefore, the aim of this work was to explore the nutritional and functional profile of hulled seeds (DH) and germinated seeds (GH), compared to whole hemp seeds (WH), to elucidate their potential to be considered as viable alternatives for the food industry and animal feed. The proximal composition, concentration of antinutritional compounds, amino acid profile (AA), fatty acid profile (FA), tocopherol and phenolic content, and antioxidant activity were determined. Protein quality was assessed after <i>in vitro</i> digestibility was determined, and lipid quality indices were calculated. Compared to WH, hulled seeds had a higher content of crude protein (33.78% vs. 25.14%), crude fat (48.13% vs. 31.46%) and metabolizable energy (23.43 MJ kg-1 vs. 13.75 MJ kg-1), as well as the best <i>in vitro</i> protein digestibility (86.73% vs. 78.34%), which also ensured the best IVPDCAAS (<i>in vitro</i> protein digestibility corrected amino acid score) value. Seed germination resulted in a significant increase in protein, fiber and minerals, as well as in the content of antioxidant compounds, responsible for the higher antioxidant activity compared to WH and DH. In conclusion, hulling or germination improves the nutritional and functional profile of hemp seeds, confirming their potential for use in various emerging food matrices or in animal feed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1825902"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between vitamin D levels and psychological stress-induced asthma prevalence: an untargeted metabolomics study combined with the NHANES database.","authors":"Zhijie Zhang, Changren Bao, Haitian Li, Ruiheng Lan, Jingshu Luo, Yuchen Li, Kai Li, Xiaoyu Yang, Yuejia Wei, Siyang Yu, Jiafeng Shen, Mingsheng Lyu, Hongsheng Cui","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1784870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1784870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incidence of psychological stress-induced asthma (PSA) is increasing annually, and numerous studies have shown that vitamin D is associated with the development of asthma, anxiety, and depression. However, to date, no studies have clarified the relationship between vitamin D levels and the prevalence of PSA. Therefore, this study aimed to integrate an analysis based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database with untargeted metabolomics to explore the potential association between vitamin D and PSA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study integrates a cross-sectional analysis based on the NHANES database with a prospective cohort study incorporating untargeted metabolomics. A total of 2165 adults with asthma and 2331 adults with PSA from the NHANES cycles (2007-2012 and 2015-2018) were included to evaluate the association between vitamin D levels and the incidence of PSA. Multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline modeling, and subgroup analyses were performed. For external validation, 60 adults with asthma and PSA were recruited, and untargeted metabolomics was used to measure plasma calcidiol levels. The association between vitamin D levels and PSA was assessed using regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the NHANES study, higher vitamin D levels were independently associated with a lower incidence of PSA (OR = 0.9967, <i>p</i> = 0.033). This association was particularly evident for depression-dominant PSA levels (OR = 0.9929, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and exhibited a significant non-linear relationship (<i>p</i>-non-linear = 0.04). When vitamin D levels were < 67 nmol/L, the incidence of PSA (depression) increased significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Lower daily vitamin D intake was associated with significantly higher incidence rates of PSA and PSA (depression). In the Chinese cohort, higher calcidiol levels were potentially associated with a lower incidence of PSA (OR = 0.735, <i>p</i> = 0.0404), which warrants further validation in future studies. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings with respect to PSA levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that lower vitamin D status may be associated with a higher likelihood of PSA. Specifically, lower circulating vitamin D levels and lower daily vitamin D intake were associated with higher odds of PSA. These observations may provide a potential basis for future research on the clinical evaluation and management of PSA levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1784870"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13144065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid fat quantification in <i>Torreya grandis</i> kernels using portable near-infrared spectroscopy: effects of shelling and kernel processing.","authors":"Zidong Yang, Fansong Zeng, Yuqi Gu, Yu Huang, Huimin Fang, Muhammad Hassan, Lijian Yao, Chao Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1830282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1830282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fat is a dominant nutritional constituent of nuts, significantly influencing their appearance, sensory properties, storage, and processing behavior. As a key quality attribute, rapid and accurate quantification of fat is essential. This study aimed to develop portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) models for the rapid determination of fat content in <i>Torreya grandis</i> (<i>T. grandis</i>) kernels. Three physical states of the kernels were evaluated: in-shell kernels, de-shelled kernels, and kernel granules. Spectra were acquired using a Smart Eye 1700 portable NIR spectrometer, while reference fat contents were determined using the traditional Soxhlet extraction method. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to explore spectral structures, and outliers were identified and removed using Mahalanobis distance combined with concentration residual analysis. Following outlier removal, the dataset was partitioned into calibration and prediction sets via the SPXY (sample set partitioning based on joint x-y distances) algorithm. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were then established utilizing various preprocessing strategies.The results demonstrated that the kernel granules provided the optimal prediction performance. The best-performing model, designated SG-SNV-PLSR-K, achieved a determination coefficient of the calibration set ( <math><msubsup><mi>R</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mn>2</mn></msubsup> </math> ) of 0.92 and a determination coefficient of the prediction set ( <math><msubsup><mi>R</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mn>2</mn></msubsup> </math> ) of 0.89. Compared to the optimal de-shelled kernel model (MSC-PLSR-DS), the granule-based model improved calibration and prediction accuracy by 3.99% and 12.65%, respectively. Furthermore, compared to the in-shell model (SNV-PLSR-IS), the accuracy improved by 16.32% and 20.36%, respectively.These findings indicate that portable NIRS, combined with chemometric analysis, offers an effective and high-throughput approach for fat screening in <i>T. grandis</i> kernels. The developed workflow not only facilitates rapid quality assessment for this specific species but also provides a transferable methodology for fat analysis in other nut varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1830282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-processed foods and accelerated aging in adults: an emerging public health challenge for nutrition and functional health.","authors":"Rosario Suárez, Manuel Celi, Karen Ontaneda, Dolores Jima-Gavilanes, Andri Matos","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1807557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1807557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) intake has rapidly increased in global diets, posing a mounting threat to nutritional adequacy and functional health in adults. This narrative review summarizes recent evidence on the relationship between UPF consumption and functional decline, including sarcopenia and reduced handgrip strength, and potential biological mechanisms underlying the detrimental effects of high UPF consumption and aging processes. We examined epidemiological studies, clinical trials, and mechanistic research and evaluated the effectiveness and limitations of mitigation strategies, such as product reformulation, front-of-pack labeling, pricing policies, and community-based nutrition programs. Consistent evidence indicates that higher UPF intake is associated with a greater risk of micronutrient inadequacy, low-grade systemic inflammation and oxidative damage, measurable advances in biological age relative to chronological age, and higher risk of functional impairment. Although evidence linking UPF consumption with health and aging outcomes is steadily increasing, several gaps remain, including the underrepresentation of low- and middle-income settings, the lack of long-term intervention trials with aging and functional endpoints, the heterogeneous assessment of UPFs, and the limited use of mechanistic biomarkers and \"omics\" approaches in population studies. We suggest an interdisciplinary research approach that combines nutritional epidemiology with validated aging outcomes. In parallel, practical policy measures should prioritize minimally processed foods, fortify regulatory frameworks, and customize community and clinical interventions to meet the needs of older adults, thereby safeguarding healthy aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1807557"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From \"carbohydrate\" to standardized Chinese terminology: historical evolution and implications for nutrition communication.","authors":"Shu Zeng, Hui Zhang, Peng Miao","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1827194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1827194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Chinese translation of \"carbohydrate\" has long been a topic of considerable debate in chemistry, biomedicine, and nutrition-related disciplines. This issue is not merely linguistic. In Chinese-language contexts, inconsistency among carbohydrate-related expressions may create ambiguity in nutrition education and public understanding, and may introduce practical challenges for literature retrieval and interdisciplinary collaboration, especially in fields such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), where distinctions among dietary carbohydrates, sugars, and glucose could be crucial. This article traces the historical evolution of the Chinese translation of \"carbohydrate\" to clarify its historical trajectory and scientific implications. Historical evidence demonstrates that the term \"carbohydrate\" did not appear in dictionaries or chemistry books published prior to 1900. However, at the turn of the 20th century, multiple translations emerged, most of which were influenced by the Japanese term \"tansuikabutsu/.\" The earliest recorded Chinese translation appeared in <i>Huaxue Yuanliu Lun</i>. During the early Republic of China, \"tanshui huawu/\" became the most commonly used term, which was later revised around 1920 with the addition of a semantic radical to the character \"tan.\" In 1932, the National Institute for Compilation and Translation introduced the term \"tang/,\" which gained popularity alongside \"tanshui hua(he) wu.\" However, \"tang\" was officially abolished in the mid-to-late 1950s and gradually phased out in subsequent decades. By 1980, \"tanshui huahe wu/)\" and \"tang lei/\" were officially established as equivalent translations. Currently, \"tang lei\" is preferred in some disciplinary standards, although \"tanshui huahe wu\" remains widely used by convention. By reviewing this history, the present work highlights three key principles for addressing terminological ambiguity in nutrition communication. While this historical narrative is anchored in the Chinese context, the communication risks and mitigation strategies discussed might be relevant to other cross-lingual or cross-disciplinary setting, where everyday dietary language interfaces with technical biomedical terminology.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1827194"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the correlation and predictive performance of GNRI, CONUT, and PNI with MAFLD in Chinese adult physical examination population.","authors":"Zhen Cheng, Siyue He, Chunyu Hu, Liang Wang, Laixi Zhang, Yuanling Tao, Li Sun, Zongtao Chen","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1726212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1726212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become a major global health issue. Although nutrition is known to be associated with MAFLD, indices such as the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT), and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) have been used for prognostic assessment in diseases like cancer and heart disease, but their relevance and predictive performance in MAFLD, especially across different subgroups in China, still need validation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University in China. A total of 10,901 cases were included (MAFLD group: 2,426 cases; non-MAFLD group: 8,475 cases). Logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 and R 4.5.1 to determine relevant associations (calculating OR values and 95% confidence intervals). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for the three nutritional indices-GNRI, CONUT, and PNI-to predict the occurrence of MAFLD in different sex, BMI, and age groups, and area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. Stratified analysis was performed to study the interaction between MAFLD and different subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There is a dose-response relationship between GNRI, CONUT, and PNI and MAFLD. In multivariable models, the risk of developing MAFLD in the fourth quartile of GNRI and PNI was 7.01 times (OR = 7.01, 95% CI: 5.08-9.67) and 1.82 times (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.51-2.19) that of the first quartile, respectively Overall, the predictive performance of GNRI was superior to that of CONUT (AUC = 0.909) and PNI (AUC = 0.909), especially in women, individuals with BMI less than 24, and those under 35 years of age. Stratified analysis showed that in individuals under 35 years old without hyperlipidemia and without hyperglycemia, the association between these three nutritional indicators and MAFLD was stronger.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GNRI, CONUT, and PNI can all serve as effective indicators for assessing the risk of MAFLD, among which GNRI has the highest application value, especially suitable for female, young people, and individuals with normal weight, and can provide new insights for the clinical screening and intervention of MAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1726212"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the valorization of green leaves accumulated as agricultural waste into plant-based fermented juices.","authors":"Emine Gizem Acar, Dilara Devecioglu, Gulay Ozkan, Funda Karbancioglu-Guler, Derya Kahveci","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1823095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1823095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Every year, tons of green leaves generate in agricultural fields as waste after harvesting. This study aimed to explore the bioactivity of green leaves, and to evaluate their potential for upcycling into plant-based fermented beverage. Juices of broccoli, cauliflower, beetroot and black carrot leaves were obtained by cold pressing. The highest juice yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant capacity, and the least cytotoxicity were observed for beetroot leaves. While the <i>in vitro</i> bioaccessibility of TPC and TFC of juices varied between 21.34-33.30% and 21.34-30.95%, respectively, the recovery of their antioxidant capacity after the intestinal phase were higher, up to 98%. Three of the leaf juices (cauliflower, beetroot and black carrot) were fermented using water kefir for 48 h, and each juice had lactic acid bacteria and yeast count higher than 6 log CFU/mL. Fermented beetroot leaf juice was chosen for storage and sensory analysis due to the highest probiotic viability and sulforaphane concentration. The microbial growth, organic acid profile and physicochemical changes showed that the fermentation continued slowly during storage at 4 °C. Over a 21-day storage period, overall acceptability was found to be above average by untrained panelists. By this study, a step was taken to close the gap in the literature regarding the bioactivity and cytotoxicity of green juices, and a new perspective was reflected for the valorization of discarded leaves, paving the way for producing plant-based, fermented and upcycled beverages that are consumer acceptable and bioactive.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1823095"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-diagnostic vitamin D deficiency and subsequent thyroid cancer risk: a propensity-matched cohort study.","authors":"Kuo-Chuan Hung, Chia-Li Kao, Ming Yew, Yi-Chen Lai, I-Wen Chen","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1817123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1817123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been implicated as a potential risk factor for thyroid cancer; however, existing evidence is derived primarily from case-control or cross-sectional studies. This study aimed to examine the association between pre-diagnostic VDD and the risk of incident thyroid cancer over a 10-year follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study used the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network. Adults aged ≥ 18 y with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] measurements between 2010 and 2023 were classified as having VDD (<20 ng/mL) or vitamin D sufficiency (≥30 ng/mL). One-to-one propensity score matching was performed on demographics, comorbidities, thyroid-related disorders, laboratory values, and vitamin D supplementation. The primary outcome was incident thyroid cancer ascertained ≥ 180 day after the index date (landmark approach) over 10 y of follow-up. Positive (osteoporotic fracture) and negative (appendicitis, goiter) control outcomes and thyroid procedure utilization were evaluated to assess detection bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After matching, 571,669 pairs were analyzed over a median follow-up of 6.8 y. VDD was associated with an increased risk of incident thyroid cancer (HR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.32, 1.50), and this risk was attenuated among patients with vitamin D insufficiency (25[OH]D 20-30 ng/mL; HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.34), demonstrating a dose-dependent relationship. Thyroid biopsy and ultrasonography utilization were lower in the VDD cohort (HR: 0.95), arguing against detection bias. The positive control outcome (osteoporotic fracture; HR: 1.53) confirmed the validity of the exposure classification, whereas the negative control (appendicitis; HR: 1.02) showed no association. Findings were robust across all sensitivity and subgroup analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pre-diagnostic VDD was associated with increased thyroid cancer risk in a dose-dependent manner. These findings support further investigation of vitamin D status as a potentially modifiable risk factor for thyroid cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1817123"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in research on the effects of bile acids and their receptors on intestinal function.","authors":"Yulin Cheng, Lixia Zhang, Mingrong Zhang, Jiaxiu Yu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2026.1821418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1821418","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bile acids (BAs), once regarded primarily as detergents facilitating lipid digestion, are now recognized as pivotal signaling molecules that orchestrate intestinal and systemic physiology through a diverse network of nuclear and membrane receptors, with distinct receptor classes mediating complementary transcriptional and rapid signaling responses, including Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), Takeda G protein-coupled Receptor 5 (TGR5), Pregnane X Receptor (PXR), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor &lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt; (PPARα), Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), and Mas-related G protein-coupled Receptor member X4 (MRGPRX4). This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding the molecular architecture of BA signaling, emphasizing receptor structural diversity, spatiotemporal expression patterns along the gastrointestinal tract, ligand specificity shaped by BA chemical modifications, and the emerging roles of microbiota-derived bile acid derivatives and selected non-canonical host targets in intestinal immune and metabolic regulation. Central to this signaling axis is the gut microbiome, which enzymatically reprograms the BAs pool through deconjugation, dehydroxylation, oxidation, and epimerization, as well as emerging reconjugation/amidation pathways, thereby generating classical secondary BAs as well as structurally novel metabolites that modulate host receptor activity and immune-cell programs. In turn, BAs shape microbial composition, establishing a dynamic bidirectional feedback loop critical for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. In addition to classical receptor signaling, selected microbiota-derived BAs metabolites can also influence immune-associated transcriptional regulators, thereby expanding the scope of BAs signaling in mucosal immune homeostasis. Beyond metabolism, BAs-receptor interactions integratively regulate gut barrier integrity via tight junction reinforcement, modulate immune responses through anti-inflammatory pathways and tolerogenic cell induction, and influence gut motility and neuroendocrine signaling. Dysregulation of BAs receptor and metabolite-mediated signaling axes is increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, bile acid malabsorption, diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, colorectal cancer-via DNA damage and Wnt/&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-catenin pathway activation-and systemic conditions such as obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and sepsis-related intestinal injury. Emerging therapeutic strategies aim to restore BAs signaling balance through next-generation receptor modulators, tissue-targeted delivery systems, microbiome-directed interventions, rational use of sequestrants, and synergistic combination therapies, thereby supporting the development of more precise and mechanism-based interventions. Future progress will hinge on interdisciplinary approaches integrating metabolomics, gnotobiotic models, and clinical translation to harness the full therapeutic potential of the BAs signaling net","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"1821418"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}