Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Extension agents' attitudes and participation in disseminating climate-smart agricultural practices in North-Central, Nigeria.","authors":"Ibukun Elizabeth Ojo, Ayorinde Ebenezer Kolawole, Abigail Gbemisola Adeyonu, Ayotunde Olayinka Owolabi, Dare Akerele, Toluwalase Eniola Awe, Ikechukwu Chike, Deborah Pelumi Ogunsuyi, Abisola Adeola Ogundele","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1663720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1663720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low uptake of Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices (CSAPs) continues to exacerbate food insecurity and vulnerability in regions already burdened by poverty. CSAPs refer to agricultural methods that enhance productivity, climate resilience, and environmental sustainability. The effectiveness of extension agents is critical in promoting these practices, and their inefficiency can significantly weaken community resilience against hunger and environmental shocks. This study investigates the attitudes and participation of agricultural extension agents in disseminating CSAPs among rice farmers in North Central Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 88 extension agents. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using means, percentages, PPMC, and ordered probit regression. Results show that more than half of the extension agents (52.3%) exhibited unfavorable attitudes towards CSAPs, while 58% moderately participated in their dissemination. Participation was particularly low for water-smart mechanism such as index-based weather insurance ( <math><mover><mi>x</mi> <mo>¯</mo></mover> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.00</mn></math> ), water harvesting ( <math><mover><mi>x</mi> <mo>¯</mo></mover> <mo>=</mo></math> 0.92), drip irrigation ( <math><mover><mi>x</mi> <mo>¯</mo></mover> <mo>=</mo></math> 0.73), as well as crop-smart mechanism like integrated pest management ( <math><mover><mi>x</mi> <mo>¯</mo></mover> <mo>=</mo></math> 0.62). among rice farmers. Training significantly influenced their attitudes (<i>p</i> = 0.011), age (<i>p</i> = 0.043), marital status (<i>p</i> = 0.028), household size (<i>p</i> = 0.026), occupation (<i>p</i> = 0.036), years of experience (<i>p</i> = 0.004), number of trainings (<i>p</i> = 0.035), and attitude (<i>p</i> = 0.000) significantly determined their participation levels. The study recommends targeted training and capacity-building initiatives to strengthen extension agents' attitudes and participation in disseminating CSAPs. Such efforts are essential for strengthening climate resilience, enhancing food security, and promoting dietary diversity through the adoption of sustainable farming systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1663720"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12490237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretable prediction of coronary heart disease risk in adults over 50 with accelerated aging using 45 dietary nutrients.","authors":"Zhi-Qiang Yang, Xiao-Hong Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1666644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1666644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between dietary nutrient intake and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk among older adults with accelerated aging remains inadequately understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed data from seven cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted in the United States between 2005 and 2018. Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression was employed to evaluate the association between dietary nutrient mixtures and CHD risk in individuals aged 50 and older with accelerated aging. Additionally, six machine learning models were developed, with SHAP and LIME algorithms applied to assess the contribution of individual nutrients to CHD risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the fully adjusted model, dietary nutrient mixtures were inversely associated with CHD risk in older adults experiencing accelerated aging (adjusted OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.81-0.99, <i>p</i> = 0.048). Both SHAP and LIME analyses consistently identified vitamin B12 and lutein + zeaxanthin as protective nutrients, independent of demographic adjustments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among adults aged 50 and older with accelerated aging, higher intake of specific dietary nutrients was associated with reduced CHD risk. Of the machine learning models tested, the random forest algorithm demonstrated the strongest predictive performance. SHAP and LIME analyses jointly highlighted vitamin B12 and lutein + zeaxanthin as key contributors to the reduced CHD risk in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1666644"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D₃ promotes white fat beige through IL-27/P38MAPK/PGC-1α pathway.","authors":"Yanqiu Zhou, Junfang Shu, Yueying Zhao, Xiaorong Wu, Zhijun He, Xinzhe Lyu, Yong Zhou, Ling Ma","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1661072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1661072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is turning into a more critical problem for public health. Vitamin D₃ (VD₃) may be strongly linked to obesity.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aims to examine the influence of VD₃ on IL-27 levels and the molecular mechanism by which VD₃ affects white fat beige through the IL-27/P38MAPK/PGC-1α pathway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Firstly, a small sample population study was conducted to compare the disparities in serum 25(OH)D₃ and IL-27 between individuals with obesity and healthy control groups. Secondly, twenty-four Wistar rats were separated into three groups: CON, HFD, and HFD + VD₃ groups. Following 7 weeks of intervention, detection of biochemical indicators in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), mRNA, and protein expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), IL-27R, P38MAPK, PGC-1α, and UCP-1 in inguinal adipose tissue by RT-qPCR and western blot. Finally, 3T3-L1 cells were induced into a hypertrophic adipose model, knock down IL-27 or PGC-1α using small interfering RNA, treated with 100 nM Calcitriol for 24 h, and divided into CON, PA, PA + 1,25(OH)₂D₃, PA + si IL-27, PA + si IL-27 + 1,25(OH)₂D_3, PA + si PGC-1α, and PA + si PGC-1α + 1,25(OH)₂D₃ groups. Detection of TC, TG, and IL-27 levels by ELISA, mRNA, and protein expression of VDR, IL-27R, P38MAPK, PGC-1α, UCP-1, and CD137 in cell supernatant by RT-qPCR and western blot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A correlation was identified between serum 25(OH)D₃ and IL-27 in the population-based study. However, no statistically significant difference in serum 25(OH)D₃ or IL-27 levels was observed between the observation group and the control group. After VD₃ intervention, TC, TG, and the number of LDs were significantly reduced in both HFD rats and 3T3-L1 cells, and serum IL-6 and MCP-1 in HFD rats were decreased. Meanwhile, there was a significant increase in mRNA and protein expression for VDR, IL-27R, P38MAPK, and PGC-1α. The expressions of the UCP-1 protein and the CD137 mRNA dramatically increased. Knockdown of IL-27 eliminated the increasing effect of calcitriol on the expression of P38MAPK, PGC-1α, UCP-1, and CD137 in 3T3-L1 cells, and knockdown of PGC-1α eliminated the increasing effect of calcitriol on the expression of UCP-1 and CD137 in 3T3-L1 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study shows that VD₃ may promote white fat beige through the IL-27/P38MAPK/PGC-1α pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1661072"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping of the adherence to the planetary health diet in 11 European countries: comparison of different diet quality indices as a result of the PLAN'EAT project.","authors":"Federica Grant, Vittoria Aureli, Jacopo Niccolò Di Veroli, Laura Rossi","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1645824","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1645824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Planetary Health Diet (PHD) is a nutritional approach integrating public health and environmental sustainability aspects. This study, conducted within the European PLAN'EAT project, aimed to assess adherence to PHD in 11 European countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three dietary quality indices were used: the EAT-Lancet index; the original WISH; and a newly developed version, WISH 2.0. This last index incorporates two additional food categories: processed meat and alcoholic beverages. The inclusion of these categories was driven by their recognized public health and environmental relevance. The food consumption data was retrieved from the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database. Scores were calculated and normalized to carry out descriptive and comparative analyses. Cluster analyses were also performed to examine dietary pattern differences by country and gender.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Low adherence to PHD was observed across all countries. However, Southern European countries such as Italy, Greece, and Spain showed comparatively higher adherence, particularly among women. Cluster analyses, based on EAT-Lancet and WISH 2.0 scores, highlighted regional and gender patterns. These findings emphasize the cultural specificity of dietary behaviors. The two indices have different discriminating capacities. From the EAT-Lancet index, higher average normalized scores were obtained. WISH 2.0 could distinguish between different dietary patterns and was better aligned with actual food consumption data, demonstrating an enhanced capacity to better detect national dietary patterns more accurately.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results underscore the potential of WISH 2.0 as a comprehensive and practical instrument for mapping and monitoring dietary quality in Europe. Additionally, the findings indicate that adapting global dietary guidelines to local contexts may be essential to improve population-level adherence and policy relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1645824"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential impact of coffee quantity and sweetening on body composition parameters and inflammation.","authors":"Giuseppe Annunziata, Evelyn Frias-Toral, Francesco Campa, Maria Antonieta Touriz Bonifaz, Ludovica Verde, Martina Galasso, Silvia Savastano, Annamaria Colao, Antonio Paoli, Daniel Simancas-Racines, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Luigi Barrea","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1673677","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1673677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coffee is the most consumed and popular beverage worldwide. The health benefits of its regular, moderate consumption are well known, and include antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as metabolic effects, reducing the risk of obesity and related diseases. The available literature, however, provides no information about the effect of coffee consumption on body composition (BC) and inflammation. The present cross-sectional observational study aims to investigate the effect of coffee consumption on BC and inflammation-related parameters, as well as the possible impact of adding sugar and the frequency of consumption.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Coffee consumption habits, preference for adding sugar and frequency of daily consumption were assessed in 2,556 adults (1,080 men and 1,476 women). BC was assessed using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), whilst high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were monitored for inflammatory status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,855 subjects (680 men and 1,175 women) were included in the statistical analysis. Compared to non-consumers, coffee consumers showed lower body mass index (BMI), waist girth (WG), and hs-CRP levels, and higher skeletal muscle mass (SMM), appendicular SMM (ASMM), phase angle (PhA), and standardised PhA (SPA) (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for all). The same trend was observed for unsweetened coffee consumers compared to subjects consuming sweetened coffee. With increasing coffee consumption, BMI, WG, and hs-CRP generally decreased, whilst SMM and ASMM showed a bell-shaped trend with peak values in those consuming 2-3 cups per day. Similarly, PhA and SPA values were highest among moderate coffee consumers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that moderate coffee consumption, particularly unsweetened coffee, is associated with more favourable body composition and inflammatory profiles. Given the observational design, causality cannot be established. Nevertheless, the results may inform dietary guidance aimed at supporting muscle maintenance and mitigating obesity-related metabolic risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1673677"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic factors may load the gun, but environmental factors pull the trigger: MedDiet and DII in rheumatoid arthritis.","authors":"Büşra Açıkalın Göktürk, Nevin Sanlier","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1629896","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1629896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that causes progressive joint destruction. It affects ~1% of the world population and is more common in women aged 20-45 years than in men. RA causes involvement of small joints such as the joints of the hands and feet, pain, swelling, stiffness and loss of function in the joints. In recent years, Mediterranean diet and anti-inflammatory diet models have attracted attention in the medical nutrition therapy of patients with RA. These dietary patterns have been suggested to reduce disease risk and complications and improve disease manifestations. Mediterranean and inflammatory dietary patterns contain antioxidant vitamins and minerals, omega-3, polyunsaturated fatty acids and may have effects on inflammation and pain. In addition, dietary patterns may be effective in preventing free radical formation and increased cytokine levels due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, by decreasing inflammatory markers and increasing antioxidant mechanism, it may be effective in reducing the level of disease activity, clinical and biochemical findings and increasing the quality of life. While the Mediterranean Diet and diet inflammatory index (DII) show promise in managing RA, it is important to consider the variability of individual responses to dietary interventions. There are conflicting results regarding the efficacy of the MedDiet in reducing disease activity and further research is needed to establish robust evidence-based dietary recommendations for RA patients. Overall, incorporating dietary strategies with anti-inflammatory properties may offer a valuable addition to conventional RA management and potentially improve patient outcomes and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1629896"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulatory role of vitamin D and emerging immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Maurizio Chiriva-Internati, Fabio Grizzi, Marta Noemi Monari, Gianluigi Taverna, Jose A Figueroa, Wei Daoyan, Robert S Bresalier","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1611829","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1611829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers globally, with nearly 1 million new cases diagnosed annually. It is a complex disease, with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections being the most common etiological factors worldwide. Despite advances in therapy, survival rates for advanced and/or metastatic HCC remain low, with mortality rates 2.3 times higher in men than women. The liver's immune system typically maintains an anti-inflammatory environment, contributing to immune tolerance to exogenous, food-derived antigens. However, disruption of the balanced interplay between immune factors within the hepatic microenvironment-due to viral hepatitis, excessive alcohol intake, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-can lead to chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, a cumulative mutational burden, cirrhosis, and eventually, malignant transformation. Once HCC is established, however, a functional pro-inflammatory immune response becomes critical to controlling tumor progression, as evidenced by the recent success of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatments in HCC patients. In addition to ICIs, other novel immunotherapeutic intervention strategies, such as cancer vaccines and adoptive T cell therapies, are currently being investigated. Furthermore, adequate nutrition plays a critical role in modulating immune function, with vitamin D being a key nutrient for immune/regulation. In this review, we will discuss the potential role of vitamin D in HCC immunity and recent immunotherapeutic advances in the management of this malignancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1611829"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of Food Science and Foodomics in the implementation of One-Health.","authors":"Elena Ibáñez, Zhaowei Zhang, Alejandro Cifuentes","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1662767","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1662767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concept of One-Health recognizes that the health of people is closely connected to the health of animals and our shared environment. Despite the most frequent applications of One-Health approaches have been in the control of parasitic and infectious (zoonotic) diseases shared between humans and animals, many other areas of implementation should be explored that will help to overcome some of the current planetary challenges. In this work, we discuss for the first time the multiple possibilities of advancing the development of One-Health through future applications of Food Science and Foodomics, showing a vast and unexplored area of research. We also discuss the emerging potential of synthetic biology for Food Science and how it can help to achieve the One-Health goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1662767"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycemic control modifies LDL-C-DKD risk: a U-shaped association in well-controlled type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Kaili Zheng, Chaoyong He, Guangming Chen, Huabin Wang, Yongjun Ma","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1660820","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1660820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) risk remains controversial, with limited evidence on its interaction with modifiable risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the dose-response relationship between LDL-C and DKD risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort of 3,040 patients with T2D without baseline DKD was followed. Association between LDL-C and DKD risk was analyzed using Cox regression analysis, interaction analysis, and restricted cubic splines (RCS). Sensitivity analyses excluded lipid-lowering medication users, and threshold effects were validated using piecewise regression and survival analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 665 (21.9%) patients developed DKD during the follow-up (median: 3.13 years). In the fully adjusted model, LDL-C as a continuous variable showed no significant association with DKD risk (<i>p</i> = 0.061). When analyzed by quartiles, the hazard ratios (HRs) displayed a non-monotonic pattern: Compared to Q1, Q2 had the lowest risk (HR = 0.69, <i>p</i> = 0.001), followed by a partial rebound in Q3 (HR = 0.80, <i>p</i> = 0.046), and a subsequent decline in Q4 (HR = 0.72, <i>p</i> = 0.005), suggesting potential non-linearity. A significant LDL-C-by-glycemia control interaction was observed (P_interaction = 0.013). In the HbA1c ≤ 7% subgroup, RCS analysis demonstrated a U-shaped relationship between LDL-C and DKD risk (P_non-linear < 0.001), with nadir risk observed at 2.66-3.57 mmol/L. The risk increased below 2.66 mmol/L (HR = 1.55, <i>p</i> = 0.015) and trended upward above 3.57 mmol/L (HR = 1.47, <i>p</i> = 0.121). In this subgroup, sensitivity analyses excluding lipid-lowering drug users confirmed robustness, and survival curves showed lower DKD incidence in the intermediate LDL-C group (2.66-3.57 mmol/L) vs. low/high groups (<i>p</i> = 0.004). No associations were found in the HbA1c > 7% subgroup.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Glycemic control modulates the LDL-C-DKD risk association in patients with T2D, with a U-shaped relationship observed in those with good glycemic control, thereby emphasizing the necessity of integrating glycemic status into LDL-C target evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1660820"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analysis of the intestinal microbiome combined with metabolomics to explore the mechanism of how Pangxiejiao tea improves metabolic disorders in HFFD-treated rats.","authors":"Wanchun Wang, Enzheng Zhu, Yang Yang, Qingqing Huang, Xue Xiao, Shenghua Piao","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1653855","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1653855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD) can lead to various metabolic disorders. Pangxiejiao (PXJ), a natural plant widely used in folk practices, has been found to contain bioactive compounds that exhibit hypoglycemic effects <i>in vitro</i>. However, the potential of PXJ aqueous extract to ameliorate metabolic disorders <i>in vivo</i> and its underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. This study aims to investigate the effects of PXJ on metabolic disorders induced by HFFD in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An HFFD was employed to mimic unhealthy dietary habits, while PXJ was administered via oral gavage for 10 weeks. Perform biochemical assays, observe histopathological structures, and evaluate metabolic status in rats to investigate intrinsic alterations through detection of gut microbiota and plasma metabolites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated that PXJ intervention reduced body weight, improved glucose and lipid metabolism, and decreased serum uric acid levels. PXJ alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation, as evidenced by reduced serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-<i>α</i>, along with ameliorated pathological inflammatory manifestations in metabolism-related organs, such as liver, pancreas, and colon. Furthermore, PXJ was found to decrease the <i>Firmicutes</i>/<i>Bacteroidota</i> ratio, modulated gut microbiota composition, and maintain microbial homeostasis. Nontargeted metabolomics analysis identified 39 upregulated metabolites, including hippuric acid, and 9 downregulated metabolites, such as LysoPG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/0:0). Correlation analysis further revealed that PXJ maintains metabolic homeostasis through complex network crosstalk. Specifically, four gut microbial taxa including Alloprevotella and six metabolites, including hippuric acid, demonstrated significant negative correlations with IL-6, TNF-<i>α</i>, and MDA. In contrast, <i>Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group</i> showed positive correlations with these metabolites and SOD.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In conclusion, early and sustained PXJ intervention alleviates HFFD-induced metabolic disorders, which is associated with restored gut microbiota balance, improved metabolism, and reduced inflammation and oxidative stress, demonstrating its potential as a novel functional tea for metabolic disorder prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1653855"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}