Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Clinical analysis of risk factors for diarrhea associated with enteral nutrition in post-craniocerebral surgery patients.","authors":"Lei Zhang, Lulu Zhang, Xiaojie Zhu, Leiming Xu, Lin Zhu, Hai Zhou, Shengkai Yang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1443243","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1443243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients undergoing craniocerebral surgery often require early enteral nutrition (EN) for energy support to improve neurological prognosis. However, diarrhea is a common complication associated with EN that can affect recovery and overall prognosis. This study aims to identify the clinical risk factors for diarrhea in patients receiving EN after undergoing craniocerebral surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical data of patients hospitalized in the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit of Binhai County People's Hospital were retrospectively collected from January 2021 to December 2022. Variables such as sex, age, liquid preservation, infusion duration, pipeline assessment, heating during infusion, infusion rate, post-infusion rounds, and oral care were compared between diarrhea and non-diarrhea groups. Based on the variables obtained from the LASSO regression, multivariate logistic regression was employed to analyze their association with the occurrence of diarrhea. A diagnostic nomogram was constructed to predict the probability of diarrhea in patients receiving EN after craniocerebral surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 141 patients were enrolled in this study, including 50 patients in the diarrhea group and 91 patients in the non-diarrhea group. The following factors were significantly associated with diarrhea: age ≥ 70 years (OR: 2.240; 95% CI 1.110-4.520), no pipeline assessment before EN (OR: 3.807; 95% CI 1.702-7.643), no heating of EN preparations (OR: 3.188; 95% CI 1.853-6.722), no control of normal infusion rate (OR: 1.721; 95% CI 1.136-3.890), no timely post-infusion rounds after EN (OR: 2.260; 95% CI 1.454-5.075), and no oral care during EN. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified two independent predictors of diarrhea: no heating during EN (OR: 2.135; 95% CI 1.716-5.851) and no oral care during EN (OR: 1.125; 95% CI 1.025-1.652). A diagnostic nomogram based on these two variables was developed to predict the probability of diarrhea in postoperative craniocerebral surgery patients receiving EN. The nomogram demonstrated strong predictive performance, with an AUC of 0.848 (95% CI 0.778 to 0.918).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Various factors contribute to the occurrence of diarrhea after receiving EN after craniocerebral surgery. A nomogram incorporating two independent predictors-lack of heating during EN infusion and absence of oral care-exhibited strong predictive ability and may serve as a useful tool for early risk assessment. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating heating protocols and maintaining oral hygiene during EN administration to reduce the risk of diarrhea and improve postoperative care outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1443243"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11839421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between prognostic nutritional index and asthma: a cross-sectional analysis.","authors":"Zhimeng Jiang, Xingyu Zhu, Huixin Jiang, Donglin Zhao, Jianwei Tian","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1467270","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1467270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation of the airways. The association between nutritional status, inflammation, and asthma has been well-documented, yet the relationship between the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) and asthma remains unclear. This is a study to see whether there is a relationship between PNI and asthma prevalence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study employed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2017 and 2020, including a total of 7,869 adult participants were included in the analysis. Participants were categorized into four quartiles based on PNI levels. A multivariable regression model was employed for the purpose of evaluating the correlation between PNI and asthma. In order to ascertain the stability of the association across different populations, subgroup analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher PNI levels were significantly associated with lower asthma prevalence. In the complete adjusted model, each additional unit of PNI was associated with a 3% reduction in the prevalence of asthma [0.97 (0.95, 0.99)]. Trend analysis indicated a significant negative correlation between PNI and asthma (<i>p</i> for trend = 0.0041). Subgroup analyses showed a consistent negative association across different populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of our study indicated that lower PNI values were linked to an elevated odds prevalence of asthma. Early nutritional intervention and inflammation management in high-risk populations with low PNI may reduce the incidence and severity of asthma. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1467270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11839445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malícia honey (<i>Mimosa quadrivalvis</i> L.) produced by the jandaíra bee (<i>Melipona subnitida</i> D.) shows antioxidant activity via phenolic compound action in obese rats.","authors":"Maria Luiza Rolim Bezerra, Mirela Gouveia-Nhanca, Maria Letícia da Veiga Dutra, Kamila Sabino Batista, Alana Natalícia Vasconcelos de Araújo, Marcos Dos Santos Lima, Mateus Duarte Ribeiro, Alexandre Sergio Silva, Adriano Francisco Alves, Tatiana Colombo Pimentel, Marciane Magnani, Jailane de Souza Aquino","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1524642","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1524642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Obesity is a disease associated with increased oxidative stress in humans and animals, and consumption of antioxidant compounds such as polyphenols can minimise it. These compounds are abundant in malícia (<i>Mimosa quadrivalvis</i> L.) honey produced by stingless bees. This study aimed to evaluate whether administration of <i>Mimosa quadrivalvis</i> L. honey to obese rats could reduce oxidative stress in vital organs through phenolic compound action.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Wistar rats (228 ± 14.69 g) were randomly divided into two groups: a healthy group (HG, <i>n</i> = 20) fed a control diet and an obese group (OG, <i>n</i> = 20) fed a cafeteria diet for the initial 8 weeks. After this period, these groups were again randomised into four subgroups: healthy (HG, <i>n</i> = 10), obese (OG, <i>n</i> = 10), healthy with malícia honey administration (1,000 mg/kg; HGH, <i>n</i> = 10), and obese with malícia honey administration (1,000 mg/kg; OGH, <i>n</i> = 10) for the final 8 weeks fed the previously mentioned diets. The rats were euthanised at the end of the experiment to collect brain, gut, kidney, and liver tissues to evaluate parameters related to oxidative stress and phenolic profile.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The administration of malícia honey reduced energy intake and weight gain in the OGH in comparison to the OG. Total antioxidant capacity increased in the brain, liver, and gut in both groups treated with honey compared to respective controls. Lipid peroxidation decreased in the brain, gut, and kidney of the OGH. Both treated groups showed elevated phenolic compound deposition, including catechin, procyanidins, and flavonoids, across all organs. Specifically, the brain in the OGH showed greater procyanidin B2 and gallic acid deposition; the liver showed increased procyanidin B1 and B2, epicatechin, and myricetin concentrations; the gut showed higher procyanidin B2 and kaempferol 3-glucoside concentrations; and the kidneys had increased catechin, procyanidin B1 and B2, and gallic acid deposition compared to the OG.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Histologically, the OGH displayed reduced neuronal damage and prevention of hepatic steatosis induced by the cafeteria diet. Malícia honey effectively reduced oxidative stress via modulation of phenolic compounds in the brain, gut, kidney, and liver of cafeteria diet-induced obese rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1524642"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11839446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between advanced lung cancer inflammation index and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among asthma patients: a cohort study.","authors":"Tu-Lei Tian, Xiang-Kun Qu, Hong-Bo Zhang, Cun-Cun Wang, Qing-Qing Yuan, Jing Xia, Li-Fang Cao, Kui Liu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1519271","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1519271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI), which reflects both inflammation and nutritional status, has an uncertain role in predicting outcomes for asthma patients. This study aimed to evaluate the association between ALI and mortality from all causes, as well as specific causes including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer-related mortality, among individuals with asthma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 4,829 asthma patients who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the relationship between ALI and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality, adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. Additionally, restricted cubic spline models were applied to explore potential nonlinear trends, while segmented Cox models were used to identify threshold effects. A competing risk model further examined the independent association of ALI with CVD mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median follow-up of 7.83 years, a total of 582 deaths from all causes, 151 cardiovascular-related deaths, and 125 cancer-related deaths were recorded. An L-shaped association was observed between ALI and both all-cause and CVD mortality, with thresholds identified at 82.02 for all-cause mortality and 58.40 for CVD mortality. Compared to the lowest quartile of ALI (Q1), patients in the highest quartile (Q4) had a 49% lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40-0.66) and a 51% reduction in CVD mortality (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.29-0.83). This protective effect was further confirmed by the competing risk model. No significant association between ALI and cancer mortality was observed (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.98-1.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ALI was significantly and inversely associated with all-cause and CVD mortality in asthma patients, particularly when ALI values were below 82.02 and 58.40, respectively, where the risk of mortality was substantially lower. These findings suggest that ALI may have clinical utility in assessing prognosis for asthma patients, especially in terms of cardiovascular risk evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1519271"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11839423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food-related behaviors of rural (Asaase Kooko) and peri-urban (Kaadjanor) households in Ghana.","authors":"Prince Kwabena Osei, Megan A McCrory, Matilda Steiner-Asiedu, Edward Sazonov, Mingui Sun, Wenyan Jia, Tom Baranowski, Gary Frost, Benny Lo, Alex Kojo Anderson","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1523793","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1523793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>\"Food-related behaviors\" range widely and include food acquisition, storage, cooking, meal sharing, eating practices, among others. Food-related behaviors can influence nutritional status and health outcomes, and likely vary between rural and peri-urban households; however, there is limited documentation on such differences.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess food-related behaviors of rural and peri-urban households in Ghana to inform the design and implementation of a field study to validate passive wearable camera technologies for dietary assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional qualitative study in rural (Asaase Kokoo) and peri-urban (Kaadjanor) communities, Ghana. Forty key informants (20 rural and 20 peri-urban) were interviewed about their household food-related behaviors. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim by professional transcribers, and manually coded using the directed content analysis approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All but three key informants were mothers, who were also the main food preparers for their households. The mean (SD) ages of female key informants were 35.5 (19.8) years in rural households and 38.9 (19.2) years in peri-urban households. The ages of two male key informants in rural households were 45 and 60 years, and the age of the only male key informant in a peri-urban household was 53 years. The most prevalent occupation in rural households was farming, while in per-urban households, blue-collar jobs (e.g., beauticians, sales personnel, and commercial drivers) were the main occupations. Farming was the main source of food in rural households, whereas buying food from local markets and grocery stores was the main source of food in peri-urban households. Some in rural and peri-urban households reported that husbands received preferential treatment by being served first with larger meal portions after food preparation in the home. Few key informants in rural households reported that meal-sharing patterns were based on ages of household members, with adults usually served more food than children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The meal-sharing patterns and eating practices reported in some rural and peri-urban households could potentially impact the nutrition and health of children. Our findings suggest the need for nutrition education for mothers to provide adequate and nutrient-rich foods to support optimal child growth and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1523793"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11839426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering proteome variations and concomitant quality changes of different drying methods <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i> by 4D-DIA structural proteomics.","authors":"Mengjun Xiao, Chuyu Tang, Tao Wang, Min He, Yuling Li, Xiuzhang Li","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1463780","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1463780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Cordyceps sinensis</i> is a fungus, serves dual purposes as both a medicinal herb and a food source. Due to its high water content, fresh <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i> is difficult to preserve, necessitating the drying necessary to process <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using 4D-DIA proteomics, researchers analyzed the proteome profiles of fresh <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i> (CK) under three different drying conditions: vacuum freeze-drying (FD), oven-drying (OD), and air-drying (AD). In addition, it was found that the protein and free sulfhydryl content of <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i> decreased significantly and the disulfide bond content increased after different drying methods.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>A total of 3762 proteins were identified, showing variations between groups and high protein content. In the control groups consisting of fresh <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i> samples and the three drying methods, FD. vs CK exhibited the fewest differentially abundant proteins, with the majority being upregulated. On the other hand, CK vs OD displayed the greatest amount of distinct proteins, with a significant rise in both up-regulated and down-regulated proteins. Analysis of KEGG indicated that the distinct proteins were predominantly concentrated in pathways like the ribosome, synthesis of coenzymes, and metabolism of amino sugar and nucleotide sugar. Notably, there was a significant overlap between ribosome and ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes pathways. The process of drying <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i> resulted in a significant upregulation of the expression of proteins linked to various metabolic pathways. This observation suggests that the drying treatment might activate or enhance certain biochemical processes within the organism, potentially influencing its overall metabolic activity. This finding highlights the importance of post-harvest dry methods on the biochemical properties of <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i>, which could have implications for its nutritional and medicinal value.This study provides a theoretical basis for the realization of <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i> resource utilization and storage methods, and provides theoretical support for guaranteeing the sustainable development of <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i> resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1463780"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between visceral adipose tissue and osteoarthritis among older adults: evidence from the NHANES 1999-2018.","authors":"Wei Huang, Yin-Sheng Xiao, Yu-Hang Zou, Lu-Qun Zhong, Gui-Qiong Huang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1526377","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1526377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess any possible links between visceral fat accumulation and an elevated prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) in the elderly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>3,779 subjects aged 65 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018 were finally included, of whom 516 had OA. The identification of patients diagnosed with OA was conducted using questionnaire data. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) was computed utilizing body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). To investigate the relationship between VAI and OA, weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS), subgroup analyses, and interaction tests were carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the increase in VAI is accompanied by an increased prevalence of OA after fully correcting for variables. The top quartile of VAI had a prevalence that was 110% higher than the lowest quartile. A non-linear positive correlation between VAI and OA was found in the RCS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests a potential correlation between elevated VAI and increased prevalence of OA in older adults, and that lowering VAI may have an impact on the prevalence of OA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1526377"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: A global analysis of portion size recommendations in food-based dietary guidelines.","authors":"Fanny Salesse, Alison L Eldridge, Tsz Ning Mak, Eileen R Gibney","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1548350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1548350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1476771.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1548350"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11837774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geriatric nutritional risk index as a predictor of 30-day and 365-day mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective cohort study using the MIMIC-IV database.","authors":"Xiaolong Zheng, Xin Zheng, Changgui Zhang, Minghua Liu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1544382","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1544382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a clinical indicator for evaluating the nutritional status of patients, but its role in the short-term prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction is still not fully understood. This study aims to explore the correlation between the GNRI and the overall mortality within 30 days and 365 days in those with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was performed utilizing the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The study included 895 patients diagnosed with AMI and identified through ICD9 and ICD10 codes (410, I21, I23) who were hospitalized for the first time due to AMI. Subjects were classified into four groups according to GNRI: high (GNRI <82, <i>n</i> = 110), moderate (82 ≤ GNRI <92, <i>n</i> = 205), low (92 ≤ GNRI <98, <i>n</i> = 225), and no nutritional risk (GNRI ≥98, <i>n</i> = 355). Restricted cubic splines (RCS) and threshold effect analyses were applied to explore the non-linear relationship between GNRI and mortality. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on gender, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, hyperlipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and age. A mediation study was conducted to investigate the impact of lymphocytes on the association between GNRI and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In an overall sample of 895 patients, an elevated GNRI correlated with reduced 30-day (HR = 0.937, 95% CI: 0.917-0.957, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and 365-day mortality (HR = 0.937, 95% CI: 0.923-0.950, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The trend analysis for GNRI categories indicated a significant decline in mortality associated with rising GNRI (P for trend <0.001). Subgroup analysis validated the consistency of such results throughout diverse patient characteristics. The lymphocytes significantly mediated the relationship between GNRI and 30-day mortality (ACME: 0.022, 95% CI: 0.003-0.180, <i>p</i> < 0.001). A landmark analysis at 20 days after admission further demonstrated the impact of GNRI on mortality during different phases of recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the prognostic value of GNRI in predicting short-term and long-term mortality in AMI patients, emphasizing the significance of nutritional status and inflammatory indicators in the therapy and risk assessment of these individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1544382"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Polish version of the Functional Oral Intake Scale against flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative Functional Diet Scale.","authors":"Magdalena Milewska, Barbara Jamroz, Mariusz Panczyk, Joanna Chmielewska-Walczak, Tomasz Czernicki, Marta Dabrowska-Bender, Marcin Folwarski, Dorota Szostak-Wegierek","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1524335","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1524335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) is a widely used instrument for assessing oral intake in dysphagic patients. Despite its frequent use, a validated version for the Polish population has been lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to validate the Polish adaptation of FOIS (FOIS-PL) by examining its concordance with Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) outcomes and the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative Functional Diet Scale (IDDSI-FDS) scores across patients with diverse clinical profiles. The primary outcome measures included the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) score from FEES, pharyngeal residue quantification, and IDDSI-FDS scores. A total of 302 participants with varying clinical conditions were recruited. The cohort included individuals with head and neck malignancies, cerebrovascular incidents, neuromuscular disorders, and other dysphagia aetiologies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and those post-thyroidectomy consistently exhibited oral food intake with a FOIS-PL score of ≥5. A strong inverse correlation was found between FOIS-PL scores and PAS scores (rho = -0.739; <i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating that reduced oral intake was associated with increased penetration or aspiration risk. Significant differences in FOIS-PL scores were evident across patient subgroups stratified by PAS severity (PAS ≤ 2, PAS 3-5, PAS > 5) and IDDSI levels. Lower FOIS-PL scores corresponded with more impaired swallowing safety (PAS > 5). The median FOISPL score was 5 for individuals with pharyngeal residue and 6 for those without (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Inter-rater reliability between evaluations conducted by a dietitian (FOIS I) and a speech-language pathologist (FOIS II) demonstrated high consistency (tau = 0.995; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Convergent validity was supported by strong correlations between FOIS-PL and IDDSI-FDS scores (FOIS I vs. IDDSI-FDS I: tau = 0.819; <i>p</i> < 0.001; FOIS II vs. IDDSI-FDS II: tau = 0.815; <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Polish version of the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS-PL) is a valid and reliable tool for assessing oral intake in dysphagia. The findings demonstrate high accuracy, reliability, and validity, supporting its use across diverse clinical conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1524335"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}