Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Application of the Healthy Eating Index in a multicultural population: introduction of Adaptive Component Scoring.","authors":"David L Katz, Lauren Q Rhee, Dina L Aronson","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1511230","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1511230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The United States, and many modern nations, represent assemblies of many cultural groups. Such groups are often influenced, sometimes profoundly, by the culinary traditions of their countries of origin, resulting in a diversity of cultural dietary patterns. Such patterns all derive key elements of nutritional quality from essential food groups-such as vegetables and fruits-but vary in their inclusion of \"discretionary\" food groups, such as dairy. The application of robust, validated, and standardized diet quality scoring is important in nutrition research, and in the food-as-medicine movement at large if what is being \"managed\" is to be measured. While robustly validated, the Healthy Eating Index is closely aligned with the <i>Dietary Guidelines for Americans</i>, and thus may not readily account for all multicultural dietary variations. Other diet quality metrics account for deviation from the prevailing American dietary pattern, but none does so in a way that expressly adapts to food components included or excluded so that \"credit\" for nutritional quality is appropriately assigned in all cases using a standard metric. In this context, we introduce and explain Adaptive Component Scoring as applied to the Healthy Eating Index in the service of advancing fair and universal diet quality scoring. Implications for nutrition research and food-as-medicine initiatives are briefly enumerated.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1511230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A step forward in enhancing the health-promoting properties of whole tomato as a functional food to lower the impact of non-communicable diseases.","authors":"Pier Giorgio Natali, Mauro Piantelli, Alessandra Sottini, Margherita Eufemi, Cristina Banfi, Luisa Imberti","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1519905","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1519905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nutritional interventions facilitating the consumption of natural, affordable, and environment-compatible health-promoting functional foods are a promising strategy for controlling non-communicable diseases. Given that the complex of tomato micronutrients produces healthier outcomes than lycopene, its major antioxidant component, new strategies to improve the health-supporting properties of the berry are ongoing. In this context, a whole tomato food supplement (WTFS), enriched by 2% olive wastewater containing a complex of healthy nutrients with converging biologic activities, has recently been developed, which is superior to those present in tomato commodities or obtained with whole tomato conventional processing methods. WTFS equals the antioxidant activity of N-acetyl-cysteine and interferes with multiple inflammation and cellular transformation-sustaining metabolic pathways. In interventional studies, WTFS inhibits prostate experimental tumors and improves benign prostate hypertrophy-associated symptoms with no associated side-effects. Although WTFS may be susceptible to further improvements and clinical scrutiny, its composition embodies the features of advanced functional foods to ease adherence to dietary patterns, that is, the Mediterranean diet, aimed at contrasting and mitigating the low-grade inflammation, thus being interceptive or preventive of non-communicable diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1519905"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The possible effects of chili peppers on ADHD in relation to the gut microbiota.","authors":"Yinyue Li, Jing Feng, GuangYao Ding, Lin Deng, Ying He, Qiongqiong Zhang, Jianhui Wang, Xia Chen","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1551650","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1551650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, which is characterized by inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of ADHD are not fully understood, existing studies have shown that it may be related to genetic factors, environmental factors, abnormal brain development, and psychosocial factors. In recent years, with the concept of microbioa-gut-brain axis (MGBA), more and more studies have begun to pay attention to the effect of gut microbiota on ADHD. Dietary structure can significantly change the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota. Therefore, dietary supplements or food additives to regulate gut microbiota have become one of the potential ways to treat ADHD. Peppers, as an important dietary component, have potential value in regulating gut microbiota. Among them, capsaicin (8-methyl N-vanillyl-6-noneamide, CAP), as a key active component of peppers, has been shown to have potential therapeutic effects on central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and depression. In addition, much attention has been paid to the beneficial effects of CAP on gut microbiota. Chili peppers contain not only CAP, but also rich in vitamin C and fatty acids, all of which may ameliorate ADHD by modulating the gut microbiota. This finding not only provides a potential treatment for ADHD, but also provides a new perspective to expand the research and clinical treatment of ADHD pathogenesis. Although current research on the potential therapeutic effects of chili peppers on ADHD is still at an early stage and requires further verification through larger-scale and more rigorous controlled studies, its potential clinical value cannot be ignored.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1551650"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher oxidative balance score is associated with a decreased risk of infertility: an analysis of NHANES 2013-2020.","authors":"Mingjun Ma, Huanying Xu, Kexin Wang, Yanfen Chen, Ting Pan, Qiaoling Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1493253","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1493253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the female reproductive system. The oxidative balance score (OBS) is a new measure for assessing the balance between antioxidant and pro-oxidative factors in diet and lifestyle. However, limited studies have explored the relationship between OBS and infertility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a cross-sectional study including 2,664 women aged 20-45 years, based on data from the 2013-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The OBS was derived from 16 dietary components and 4 lifestyle factors. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to examine the association between OBS and infertility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed a significant negative association between higher OBS and infertility risk, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.95-1.00) after full adjustment. Compared to the first quartile of OBS, the second, third, and fourth quartiles showed ORs of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.45-1.11), 0.79 (95% CI, 0.51-1.22), and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.35-0.92), respectively. Similarly, women in the highest dietary OBS and lifestyle OBS quartiles had a lower infertility risk compared to those in the lowest quartiles, with ORs of 0.60 (95% CI, 0.39-0.94) and 0.54 (95% CI, 0.32-0.93), respectively. Furthermore, subgroup analysis indicated that the association between the fourth quartile of OBS and infertility remained consistent, except among women with other ethnicities-including multi-racial, and college graduate or higher.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that high dietary OBS and lifestyle OBS are associated with a lower risk of infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1493253"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the intake of potentially risky beverages and the occurrence of endometrial polyps: a case-control study.","authors":"Rui Fu, Shipeng Zhang, Chang Cai, Xiaocui Wang, Yanjie Jiang, Xiulian Zhuang, Jiating Zhang, Xiaoli Ji, Chengcheng Yang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1538405","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1538405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This case-control study aimed to examine the association between the frequency of potentially risky beverage consumption, levels of anxiety, and the prevalence of endometrial polyps.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 418 participants were enrolled in the study, comprising 206 cases and 212 controls. The case group consisted of patients who visited the gynecological clinic at the Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and were diagnosed with endometrial polyps (Eps) based on international diagnostic criteria. The control group consisted of women of childbearing age who visited the gynecological clinic with similar clinical symptoms but did not have EPs. Basic information, consumption of potentially risky beverages (PRB), and anxiety levels for both groups were collected through a questionnaire survey. Finally, the relationship between the frequency of PRB consumption, anxiety levels, and the prevalence of EPs was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we identified a significant positive association between the consumption of PRB and the prevalence of EPs. PRB intake was categorized into three groups based on the cumulative total score: 5-8 for the Low potentially risky beverages (LPRB) intake group, 9-12 for the medium potentially risky beverages (MPRB) intake group, and 13-21 for the high potentially risky beverages (HPRB) intake group. The results revealed that PRB consumption frequency was significantly associated with EPs (OR: 2.348, 95% CI: 1.153-4.78), with higher PRB intake correlating with an increased risk of EPs (<i>p</i>-value: 0.014). However, no significant difference was observed between the LPRB, MPRB, HPRB intake frequency groups and the different levels of anxiety (<i>p</i>-value: 0.793).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Increased consumption of PRB was clearly associated with a greater risk of EPs, and over half of the participants exhibited varying degrees of anxiety. These findings suggest that the risk of EPs can be mitigated by controlling beverage intake and highlight the need for increased attention to women's mental health.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>NCT06295510.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1538405"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between the intake of single and multiple dietary vitamins and depression risk among populations with chronic kidney disease.","authors":"Chunli Yu, Kun Liu, Weiguo Yao, Dingzhong Tang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1492829","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1492829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effects of multivitamin exposure on depression among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have not been thoroughly explored. This study aimed to explore the effects of individual vitamin intakes and the joint effect of the intake of multiple vitamins (including vitamins A, B₁, B₂, B₆, B₁₂, C, D, E, and K) on depression risk in participants with CKD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 3,123 participants with CKD (weighted <i>n</i> = 25,186,480) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database from 2007 to 2014 were included. Weighted multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to analyze the associations of individual dietary vitamin intakes with depression risk. Additionally, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were performed to evaluate the joint effect of the intake of the nine vitamins on depression risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of depression was approximately 11.3% in the study participants. In the fully adjusted model, high intakes of vitamin A (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.40-0.74), vitamin B₁ (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48-0.95), vitamin B₆ (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.49-0.99), vitamin D (OR: 0.67. 95% CI: 0.48-0.94), and vitamin K (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.44-0.85) were associated with a reduced likelihood of depression. BKMR and WQS regression showed that the joint effect of the intake of the nine dietary vitamins had a significant negative effect on depression, with vitamin A intake being the largest contributor in the two models. Lastly, WQS regression reflected the total mixed exposure effect of the nine vitamins (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.69-0.99).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High intakes of vitamins A, B₁, B₆, D, and K are associated with low depression risk in patients with CKD. Furthermore, co-exposure to the nine dietary vitamins is a crucial factor contributing to low depression risk in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1492829"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation study on gut microbiota and myosteatosis in patients with liver cirrhosis.","authors":"Ninghui Zhao, Jinjia Bai, Xinmiao Li, Guofen Xu, Xiujuan Fu, Jing Li, Lingyun Niu, Jia Yao, Xiaoshuang Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1513973","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1513973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the features of gut microbiota in cirrhotic patients with myosteatosis and identify specific bacterial species that may be involved in the pathogenesis of myosteatosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>80 patients with liver cirrhosis were categorized into the myosteatosis group (<i>n</i> = 44) and the non-myosteatosis group (<i>n</i> = 36). Metagenomic sequencing was used to analyze the differences in gut microbiota composition between the two groups. Subsequently, the value of meaningful gut microbiota in the diagnosis of myosteatosis in patients with liver cirrhosis was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the species level, however, 15 bacterial species exhibited significant differences in relative abundance between these two groups. The relative abundance of <i>Roseburia hominis</i> and <i>Subdoligranulum unclassified</i> was inversely associated with mean muscle attenuation density at the L₃ level (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Assessement of the diagnostic potential of <i>Roseburia hominis</i> and <i>Subdoligranulum unclassified</i> for the development of myosteatosis showed that the areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) was 0.869 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.709-1.029; <i>p</i> < 0.05] for <i>Roseburia hominis</i> and 0.828 (95% CI: 0.6472-1.009; <i>p</i> < 0.05) for <i>Subdoligranulum unclassified</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study establishes compositional alterations of gut microbiota in patients with liver cirrhosis combined with myosteatosis and suggests the diagnostic potential for using gut microbiota as noninvasive biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1513973"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between serum carotenoids levels and endometriosis risk: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.","authors":"Jian Huang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1513191","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1513191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between serum levels of carotenoids and endometriosis remains largely unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the association between serum levels of major carotenoids (<i>α</i>-carotene, <i>β</i>-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and trans-lycopene) and the risk of endometriosis in US women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data were obtained from the 2001-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), which included a total of 3,636 women aged 20 to 54. Serum levels of <i>α</i>-carotene, <i>β</i>-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and trans-lycopene were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detection. Endometriosis was defined as self-report. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations of the serum levels of the major carotenoids with endometriosis risk. Additionally, restricted cubic spline (RCS) was employed to assess the possibility of nonlinear associations. Finally, subgroup analyses were utilized to estimate the influence of several covariates on the associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that, after adjusting for all covariates taken into account, there was a significant association between serum lutein/zeaxanthin levels and reduced risk of endometriosis (Quartile 3 vs. Quartile 1: odds ratio [OR] = 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42-0.90; Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36-0.81, <i>P</i> for trend = 0.001). However, no significant associations of serum levels of other carotenoids with endometriosis were found in multivariable-adjusted models that included all covariates. RCS analysis did not reveal any non-linear relationships. Subgroup analyses indicated that the inverse association between serum lutein/zeaxanthin levels and reduced endometriosis risk was significant only in individuals under 40 years of age, in both White and non-White populations, in smokers, and among those who had ever used oral contraceptives.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum lutein/zeaxanthin levels may offer protective effects against endometriosis in specific subpopulations. Further prospective research is necessary to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1513191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of adherence to the Mediterranean diet among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus living in Mediterranean countries: a systematic review.","authors":"Janot J Ayoub, Suzan A Haidar, Ellen E Blaak, Nanne K De Vries","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1523995","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1523995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are often encouraged to adopt a healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean Diet (MD) yet limited evidence exists about adherence. An increased shift toward a \"Western\" dietary pattern was observed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review aims to gain insight into the various factors that may enhance or reduce adherence to the MD in patients with T2DM residing in Mediterranean countries.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We retrieved published studies from 2000 to 2023 from PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Medline, and PsycINFO databases. The criteria for inclusion included individuals residing in Mediterranean countries aged 18+ with T2DM who underwent assessment using a validated MD scoring tool. We included 17 studies, with participant numbers ranging from 106 to 7,447.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compliance with the MD was moderate, with the most significant determinants of adherence being age, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), marital status, and educational level. However, limited information is available on psychological and economic determinants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Various factors, especially sociodemographic ones, influence adherence to the MD among patients with T2DM. Future research should explore economic and psychological factors that may significantly impact adherence.</p><p><strong>Systematic review register: </strong>Prospero: CRD42023396094.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1523995"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary quality and adherence to dietary recommendations in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease.","authors":"Wenwei Ouyang, Bingjie Xiao, Huifen Chen, Lizhe Fu, Fang Tang, Gaetano Marrone, Xusheng Liu, Yifan Wu, Juan Jesús Carrero","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1547181","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1547181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>There is a lack of data regarding the quality of the diet and the adherence to dietary guidelines of patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD (NDD-CKD) in China.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>Single-center cross-sectional study of 261 patients with CKD stages 3-5, who responded to 3-day dietary records and undertook 24-h urine samples along with clinical, laboratory, and anthropometric assessments. We compared their food intake with Chinese recommendations for CKD patients, assessed dietary quality through the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI), and calculated the contribution to energy intake by processed foods according to the NOVA classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average energy intake was 30 ± 9 Kcal/kg/d, and 65% consumed less energy than recommended. The average protein intake was 1.2 ± 0.5 g/Kg/d, and 81% consumed more than recommended. 71% of patients consumed excess sodium and 80% consumed too little fiber. These proportions worsened across more severe CKD stages (all P trend value <0.05). The diet was considered of moderate quality (CHEI score 59.5 ± 11.0), and patients with CKD stages 4-5 scored progressively worse (P trend = 0.008). Total grains and tubers supplied 50 and 30% of the total energy and protein intake, respectively. Processed and ultra-processed foods contributed to 23.3% of dietary energy and 11.7% of food weight.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A large proportion of NDD-CKD at our center showed low adherence to diet recommendations. Although consumption of processed foods was low, diet quality worsened with more severe CKD, with low intake of whole grains, dairy, and soybean.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1547181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11831048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}