Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Drinking water instead of apple juice or no drink results in greater odds of 4 to 7 co-occurring protective oral health factors within the hour.","authors":"Mimansa Cholera, Rowena Cape, Thomas Tanbonliong, Jodi D Stookey","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1561771","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1561771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To inform drinking water guidance and intervention, this randomized controlled trial tested the hypothesis that a standard serving of drinking water would normalize saliva insulin and improve caries risk factors to a greater extent, within 60 min, than no beverage or a standard serving of apple juice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After baseline saliva collection, 105 healthy children (5-10y), attending routine dental check-ups, were randomly assigned to receive 500 mL water, 200 mL apple juice, or no drink. Simple unblinded randomization was stratified by age-and-sex-specific BMI percentile (5-85th or >85th). Follow-up saliva was collected at 45-60 min and classified with respect to insulin<170 pg/mL, pH > 7.0, buffering>5.0, osmolality<70 mmol/kg, amylase<60 μ/mL, IgG > 10 μg/mL, IgA < 112 μg/mL, and the sum of protective factors. In intention-to-treat analyses, quantile regression models tested for drinking water effects on median oral health factors and logistic regression models tested for greater relative odds of normalized saliva insulin and protective factors after drinking water.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Drinking water instead of apple juice resulted in a significantly lower median saliva insulin (172 vs. 364 pg/mL), 10 times greater relative odds of saliva insulin below 170 pg/mL (OR = 10.84, 95%CI: 3.86-30.49, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and 5 times greater relative odds of 4 to 7 co-occurring saliva factors that protect against tooth decay (OR = 4.98, 95%CI: 1.42-17.48, <i>p</i> < 0.012). Drinking water instead of apple juice significantly increased the relative odds of pH > 7.0, buffering capacity>5.0, alpha-amylase<60 u/mL, and IgG > 10 μg/mL. Drinking water instead of no drink resulted in significantly lower median saliva insulin (172 vs. 266 pg/mL), significantly greater odds of saliva osmolality <70 mmol/kg, IgA < 112 μg/mL, and 4 to 7 co-occurring protective factors (OR = 4.63, 95%CI: 2.90-7.34, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Drinking water instead of apple juice or no drink significantly improved 4 to 7 caries risk factors, simultaneously, within 60 min. The results warrant drinking water intervention to promote oral health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1561771"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of butyrate on glycemic control in animals and humans: a comprehensive semi-systemic review.","authors":"Nouhaila Hamari, Ellen E Blaak, Emanuel E Canfora","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1603490","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1603490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiome has been identified as a significant factor in host metabolism, playing a key role in the etiology of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic risk. Butyrate, produced by the gut microbiome from indigestible carbohydrates, has been shown to have beneficial effects on body weight control, inflammation, and insulin resistance, primarily evidenced by animal studies and <i>in vitro</i> experiments. However, translating these benefits to humans remains challenging due to variability in mode of butyrate administration or production upon fermentation of dietary fibers, as well as in butyrate absorption, and its metabolism. For instance, oral butyrate supplementation can directly increase circulating butyrate levels, thereby targeting peripheral tissues. In contrast, butyrate produced by the gut microbiome may also influence metabolism through local signaling mechanisms affecting peripheral tissues. Additionally, there may be large heterogeneity in the response of the individuals to butyrate interventions. Future research should aim to better understand butyrate kinetics and dynamics and its mechanisms in regulating intestinal and metabolic health. In human studies, longer-term, placebo-controlled trials are needed to establish the efficacy of either targeting butyrate production or supplementation in individuals with obesity and/or metabolic disturbances. Personalized dietary interventions based on individual microbiota composition and/or function and metabolic profiles may optimize butyrate production and its metabolic benefits. This could pave the way for effective butyrate-based interventions to improve metabolic health and prevent obesity-related complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1603490"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prebiotic potential and metabolic benefits of <i>Acorus gramineus</i> rhizome-derived polysaccharides in a high-fat diet-induced obesity model.","authors":"Miri Park, Yu-Rim Chae, Hye-Bin Lee, Jang-Eun Lee, Yu Ra Lee, Jinyoung Hur, Ho-Young Park","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1605201","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1605201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a global health issue that causes severe liver abnormalities and metabolic dysregulation, incurring substantial costs to healthcare systems. <i>Acorus gramineus</i>, a traditional remedy, has been studied for its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, its potential role in the management of metabolic disorders via its polysaccharide components remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the <i>A. gramineus</i> rhizome-derived polysaccharide (AGRP) on prebiotic potential and metabolic health in a high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model. AGRP showed prebiotic efficacy by targeting representative intestinal microorganisms and demonstrated the ability to promote butyrate production. Importantly, mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with AGRP showed significant improvements in metabolic disease markers, including reductions in body fat and white adipose tissue mass, compared to those in controls. Additionally, serum metabolic analysis of AGRP-administered mice demonstrated positive changes in liver enzymes, lipid profile, and glucose metabolism, as well as reduced lipid accumulation and downregulation of lipogenic genes. AGRP increased the intestinal barrier function by modulating endotoxins and tight junction protein expression, demonstrating its interaction with improved intestinal health. These findings suggest that AGRP is a promising prebiotic with potential applications in the management of MASLD and related metabolic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1605201"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with dietary behaviour in kidney transplant recipients: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Jiaxin Fang, Xiaohong Lin, Changyun Wei, Qianlu Wang, Keke Lin, Shuping Zhang, Peiyu Zhao, Xiangru Li, Hongxia Liu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1467667","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1467667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary behaviour among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is a critical factor influencing long-term postoperative outcomes. However, research focusing on the dietary behaviour of KTRs remains limited. The aim of this study was to examine the dietary behaviour and explore the influencing factors of dietary behaviour in KTRs based on a health promotion model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 289 KTRs from four hospitals were recruited from October 2022 to March 2023 by convenience sampling method. Participants completed a survey consisting of a general information questionnaire, the Dietary Self-management Ability Scale, the Perceived Dietary Behaviour Benefit and Barrier Questionnaire, the Self-Rating Depression Scale, and the Adapted Health Eating Cognitive Beliefs Questionnaire. The survey was administered both online and on-site. Data were analysed with Spearman's correlation analysis and path analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dietary behaviour was at moderate level, with an index score of 78%. Depression (<i>β</i> = -0.207, <i>p</i> < 0.001), perceived behaviour benefits (<i>β</i> = 0.220, <i>p</i> < 0.001), perceived behaviour barriers (<i>β</i> = -0.234, <i>p</i> < 0.001), attitude (<i>β</i> = 0.135, <i>p</i> = 0.026), and social support (<i>β</i> = 0.166, <i>p</i> = 0.001) directly predicted dietary behaviour, while depression, attitude, and social support exhibited indirect effect on dietary behaviour.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Medical staff could help KTRs change their poor dietary attitude and negative mode, guide them to receive more social support and perceived benefits, reduce their perceived barriers. These positive shifts could ultimately facilitate the emergence of healthy dietary behaviour and enhancement of quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1467667"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted structural characterization and properties of glycosylation-modified products of the British red kidney bean protein antioxidant peptide fractions.","authors":"Xiaoyu Fan, Yurui Li, Suping Cui","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1577660","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1577660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In order to clarify the effects of glycosylation reaction under ultrasonic conditions on the <i>in vitro</i> antioxidant activity, structural properties and functional properties of the British red kidney bean protein antioxidant peptide fractions, the British red kidney bean protein antioxidant peptide fractions and glucose were used as raw materials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four experimental groups were established: BHPs, US, GR, and US-GR. The study investigated the following characteristics among the treatment groups: grafting degree, browning degree, antioxidant activities (total antioxidant capacity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion scavenging activity, reducing power), physicochemical properties (Free amino group content, Total and free sulfhydryl group content), structural characterization (atomic force microscopy (AFM), intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy, surface hydrophobicity, circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), functional properties(solubility, foaming properties, emulsifying properties).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the antioxidant activities of the ultrasound-assisted glycosylation products were significantly enhanced (<i>P</i> < 0.05) compared with those of the British red kidney bean protein antioxidant peptide fractions, with the greatest enhancement in reducing power (105.38%) and the smallest enhancement in the scavenging rate of superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (32.35%); the ultrasound-assisted glycosylation resulted in an increase in the degree of grafting by 36.16%, decreased free amino acid content by 33.58%, decreased total sulfhydryl content, increased free sulfhydryl groups, smaller 3D size distribution on mesoscopic scale, decreased endogenous fluorescence intensity and surface hydrophobicity, and decreased β-sheet content and increased random coils content.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results suggest that ultrasound promoted the interaction between the British red kidney bean protein antioxidant peptide fractions and the glucose glycosylation reaction. The products of ultrasound-assisted glycosylation had higher solubility, foaming and emulsification properties, which significantly improved the functional properties of the glycosylated products. The present research provides a basis for the ultrasound-assisted glycosylation of the British red kidney bean protein antioxidant peptide fractions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1577660"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity and cancer: unravelling the microbiome's hidden role.","authors":"Christine Gaskell, Ross MacDonald, Eiman Aleem, Ghizlane Bendriss","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1602603","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1602603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity has been implicated as the driving force of many diseases including cancer through multiple biological mechanisms, including gut microbial imbalances, compromised intestinal barrier integrity, persistent low-grade inflammation, and alterations in energy uptake. As lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and sleep are known to influence disease susceptibility, understanding the role of the gut microbiome in these interactions is critical. A deeper understanding of the intricate connections between gut microbiota, obesity, and various cancers could be used to better inform effective strategies for disease prevention and treatment. Investigating the microbiome's influence on tumor progression and systemic metabolic health may be the way forward for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. It is essential to investigate how lifestyle factors are linked to both obesity and cancer, and what role the microbiome is playing. This review synthesizes current research on the mechanistic role of the gut microbiome in obesity and cancer, highlighting its potential role in early detection, prognosis, and its use as a targeted intervention to restore gut eubiosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1602603"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12183235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using sodium glycodeoxycholate to develop a temporary infant-like gut barrier model, <i>in vitro</i>.","authors":"Francesca Bietto, Elena Arranz, Beatriz Miralles, Cristina Gómez-Marín, Eva Rath, Alice J Lucey, Linda Giblin","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1577369","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1577369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In newborns, the intestinal barrier is permeable but not inflamed. Understanding this unique state is essential for developing models relevant to infant gut physiology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to develop an <i>in vitro</i> model of the infant gut barrier treating Caco-2/HT29-MTX with 0.5, 0.8, and 1 mM sodium glycodeoxycholate (GDC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our research demonstrates that GDC decreases Caco-2/HT29-MTX Trans-Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) and increases paracellular permeability, without inflammation or cytotoxicity. Notably, the treatment with 0.8 mM GDC increased lactulose transport rate by 1.63-fold. The treatment also reduced the key tight junction protein, occludin, at the cell membrane, and increased acidic mucins and extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity. Additionally, GDC decreased cAMP, suggesting its mechanism of action was via activation of a G-protein coupled receptor. Of particular importance to nutrition studies, the GDC effect was reversible with TEER recovery within 4 h. Applying digested infant formula to 0.8 mM GDC-treated Caco-2/HT29-MTX monolayers resulted in a higher concentration of amino acids in the basolateral compartment compared to control monolayers.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that GDC can modulate gut barrier properties in a controled, reversible manner, offering a valuable model for studying nutrient absorption and gut physiology in early life.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1577369"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of nutrition and gut microbiome in childhood brain development and behavior.","authors":"Yue Jiang, Yuanyuan Li","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1590172","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1590172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intricate relationship between nutrition, the gut microbiome, and brain development has garnered significant attention in recent years, concerning its implications for child behavior and cognitive function. The gut-brain axis mediates this relationship through microbial modulation of inflammation, neuroactive compounds, and blood-brain barrier integrity, particularly during prenatal and early postnatal periods. Healthy dietary patterns such as whole foods, high-fiber foods, and minimally processed foods play a crucial role in shaping the gut microbiota, promoting microbial diversity and overall gut health. As a result, a balanced and diverse microbiome supports healthy brain function and development. Furthermore, disruptions in gut microbiota composition have been linked to various neurodevelopmental disorders in children, including autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and anxiety. By integrating findings from animal models, clinical trials, and epidemiological studies, this review summarizes current advances on how early-life nutrition and gut microbiota interaction influence brain development and childhood behaviors. Ultimately, this paper underscores the potential for dietary interventions to promote optimal neurodevelopmental health and address behavioral issues in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1590172"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12183074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the burden of colorectal cancer attributable to high body mass index in 204 countries and regions worldwide from 1990 to 2021.","authors":"Mi Zhao, Ya Zheng, Zhaofeng Chen","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1589250","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1589250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Numerous studies have established a link between high body mass index (BMI) and CRC. However, a detailed analysis of the global disease burden of CRC attributable to high BMI has been lacking.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the spatiotemporal trends in mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to high BMI-related CRC at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Epidemiological data on the association between high BMI and CRC were extracted from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Data on mortality, DALYs, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) were stratified by sex, year, age, country, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to assess temporal trends in ASMR and ASDR attributable to high BMI from 1990 to 2021. Decomposition and frontier analyses were conducted to identify drivers of burden changes and top-performing countries. Inequality analysis was performed to assess burden disparities across different SDI levels. The Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was used to predict disease burden up to 2050.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Deaths and DALYs related to high BMI-associated CRC showed a robust upward trend, more than doubling in absolute numbers since 1990. Without intervention, similar patterns are projected to continue over the next 29 years. East Asia exhibited the highest risk of CRC deaths and DALYs attributable to high BMI, with the heaviest burden observed in China and the United States. High SDI regions demonstrated a higher burden, while low SDI regions faced higher EAPC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights high BMI as a significant risk factor for CRC, with notable regional heterogeneity in disease burden. Stratification by SDI and health inequality analysis underscore the need for tailored preventive strategies and health interventions targeting high BMI, particularly in different SDI regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1589250"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12183065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> seropositivity and the hemoglobin A1c/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in U.S. adults: evidence from NHANES.","authors":"Cheng Xu, Xin-Yi Jiang, Jia-Ming Liao, Yi-Fan Zhao, Jing-Yi Hu, Chong-Chao Li, Hong Shen","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1589510","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1589510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) infection is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. This study investigates the association between <i>H. pylori</i> seropositivity and the newly proposed hemoglobin A1c/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (HbA1c/HDL-C ratio) in a nationally representative U.S. population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Multivariable linear regression models assessed the association between <i>H. pylori</i> seropositivity and the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the consistency of the association across different demographic and clinical strata. Generalized additive models with smoothing splines and threshold effect analysis was conducted to identify potential nonlinear relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cross-sectional analysis comprised 2,909 participants, including 1,254 with <i>H. pylori</i> seropositivity. After multivariable adjustment, a significant positive association was found between <i>H. pylori</i> seropositivity and the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio (<i>β</i>: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.42). Subgroup analyses revealed a stronger association among non-diabetic individuals compared to diabetic individuals. A \"L\"-shaped relationship was observed, with an inflection point at an HbA1c/HDL-C ratio of 4.81. Below this threshold, <i>H. pylori</i> seropositivity was positively associated with the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio. Above this threshold, the association was no longer statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identifies a significant association between <i>H. pylori</i> seropositivity and the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio, suggesting that metabolic dysfunction may be linked to <i>H. pylori</i> infection. Future longitudinal studies are needed to establish causality and explore underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1589510"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12183076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}