Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Nourishing the evidence: exposing bias and filling gaps in isocaloric intermittent fasting research-An opinion.","authors":"Mohammed Hamsho, Wijdan Shkorfu, Yazan Ranneh, Abdulmannan Fadel","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1563017","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1563017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1563017"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of proteomics and transcriptomics reveals novel mechanism underlying the antibacterial activity and immune-enhancing properties of horse milk.","authors":"Xueshan Chen, Kawuli Gulbahar, Haiyan Ding, Changhong Nie, Xiaoli Gao","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1512669","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1512669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Horse milk is a highly valuable organic food that is a promising alternative to cow milk, exhibiting plenty of healthy and immune benefits to human. However, identification of proteins associated human wellness and underlying molecular mechanism in horse milk remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Label-free mass spectrometry-based protein quantification technology was employed to investigate protein composition of animal milk, including cow, goat, camel and horse milk. Prokaryotic expression and disk diffusion assay were applied to acquire and evaluate <i>in vitro</i> antimicrobial activity of candidate proteins. RAW264.7 macrophage model cell line was used to validate effect of proteins on cytotoxicity, apoptosis and immune induction. ROS probe detected cell ROS change and RT-qPCR verified expression of immune response genes induced by proteins. Microscopy was used to observe the effects of protein on the morphological characteristics of bacteria, further transcriptome analysis was performed to investigate transcriptional changes of bacteria induced by candidate proteins.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,335 proteins was identified in cow, goat, camel and horse milk. GO enrichment analysis showed that the proteins related to protein degradation were highly expressed in horse milk compared to other three types of milk, contributing to easier assimilation and palatability. KEGG analysis showed that horse milk contained abundant antimicrobial associated proteins relevant to pathogenic bacterial resistance, leading to the decreased risk of pathogenic diseases. A higher accumulation of proteins associated with caffeine metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in horse milk contributes to its distinctive flavor. Notably, highly expressed proteins in horse milk were closely linked to immune signaling pathways, functioning as immune modulators. Importantly, we identified four highly expressed antimicrobial associated proteins in horse milk including LPO, B2M, CD14 and PGL, among them, PGL functioned dually by <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial activity and immune activation. Further transcriptome analysis demonstrated that PGL exerted significant transcriptional changes to bacteria. Enrichment analysis showed PGL could inhibit growth of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>E. coli</i> by repressing the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Comparative proteomics revealed immune enhancement and nutrient composition of horse milk compared to cow, goat and camel milk. Identification of PGL showed antibacterial activity and potential medicinal value.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1512669"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of thermal and non-thermal processing on fermentable oligo-di-monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) content in millet, sorghum, soybean and sesame varieties.","authors":"Docus Alowo, Solomon Olum, Ivan Muzira Mukisa, Duncan Ongeng","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1520510","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1520510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effect of processing (roasting and malting) and crop variety on fermentable oligo-di-monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) profile of millet, sorghum, soybean, and sesame varieties commonly consumed in Uganda. Two elite varieties and one indigenous variety for each crop were analyzed. Monosaccharide and polyols content was determined by HPLC-UV method, while disaccharides and oligosaccharide were determined using Megazyme kits. The elite varieties of soybean (Maksoy 3 N), Millet (Seremi 2) and sorghum (Narosorg 2) exhibited significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) lower oligosaccharide content compared to indigenous varieties with percentage differences ranging from 10.2 to 73.9%. Additionally, Maksoy 3 N and Narosorg 2 also exhibited significantly lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) excess fructose content compared to the indigenous variety. Malting was more effective than roasting (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in reducing FODMAP categories and total FODMAP content. Malting effectively reduced excess fructose in all grain types to the recommended levels of <0.15 g/100 g compared to roasting. Moreover, malting reduced total oligosaccharides and total FODMAPs in soybean and sesame by more than 50%. However, this reduction did not achieve the recommended threshold of 0.3 g/100 g for total oligosaccharides and 0.5 g/100 g, for total FODMAPs which are a criterion to categorize low FODMAP diets. Malting conditions should be optimized to enhance its effectiveness in producing low FODMAP foods. This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate grain variety and processing techniques that modify FODMAP content in foods that can be used for dietary therapy of gastro-intestinal disorders among vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1520510"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The correlation between TyG-BMI and the risk of osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Yanrong Chen, Yindi Zhang, Si Qin, Fadong Yu, Yinxing Ni, Jian Zhong","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1525105","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1525105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Osteoporosis (OP) has emerged as one of the most rapidly escalating complications associated with diabetes mellitus. However, the potential risk factors contributing to OP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), a marker of insulin resistance calculated as Ln [triglyceride (TG, mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2] × BMI, and the risk of OP in T2DM patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study enrolled 386 inpatients with T2DM, comprising both male and postmenopausal female participants aged 40 years or older. Individuals with significant medical histories or medications known to influence bone mineral density were excluded. Machine learning algorithms were employed to rank factors affecting OP risk. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent influencing factors for OP, while subgroup analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of TyG-BMI on OP across different subgroups. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to explore the dose-response relationship between TyG-BMI and OP. Additionally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to assess the predictive efficiency of TyG-BMI for OP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Machine learning analysis identified TyG-BMI as the strongest predictor for type 2 diabetic osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly patients. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, osteocalcin, and uric acid were independent influencing factors for OP. Notably, TyG-BMI also emerged as an independent risk factor for OP (95%CI 1.031-1.054, <i>P</i> < 0.01). Subgroup analysis demonstrated a consistent increase in OP risk with higher TyG-BMI levels across all subgroups. RCS analysis indicated a threshold effect, with the risk of OP gradually increasing when TyG-BMI exceeded 191.52. Gender-specific analysis showed increasing the risk of OP when TyG-BMI surpassed 186.21 in males and 198.46 in females, with a more pronounced trend observed in females. ROC suggested that TyG-BMI index has significant discriminative power for type 2 diabetic osteoporosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TyG-BMI has been identified as a robust predictive biomarker for assessing OP risk in middle-aged and elderly populations with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1525105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional factors and survival in a cohort of patients with oral cancer.","authors":"Paolo Buscemi, Cristiana Randazzo, Carola Buscemi, Anna Maria Barile, Elena Finamore, Roberta Caruso, Piero Colombrita, Martina Lombardo, Serena Cangemi, Giulia Zucchi, Adriana Cordova, Antonio Lo Casto, Silvio Buscemi","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1530460","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1530460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malnutrition commonly affects patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which contributes to worsening prognosis. Moreover, specific strategies for diagnosing and managing malnutrition in OSCC are lacking. We aimed to investigate if the modality of nutritional treatment as standard oral (ON) or artificial enteral nutrition (AN), assigned by a dedicated nutritional team or not, influences survival in patients with OSCC. Moreover, given the difficulties in obtaining adequate nutritional evaluation in patients with OSCC we preliminary evaluated the magnetic resonance imaging volumetric reconstruction of posterior paraspinal muscles at the level of the third cervical vertebra (MRI-C3) as a tentative new approach to investigate sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 52 consecutive patients with OSCC who underwent surgery at the University Hospital of Palermo (I) from Jan 2020 to May 2023. In-hospital nutritional support was provided by a dedicated team. The patients were retrospectively compared with a control group of 11 patients who were surgically treated for OSCC between January and December 2019 in the same unit of surgery, in the absence of a dedicated nutritional team. Upon discharge, the nutritional treatment consisted of ON or AN. In 2020-2023, industrially produced special medical food formulations were used rather than natural foods as it was in use in 2019; also, adequate protein supplements were assigned in order to reach the recommended protein intake of 1-0-1.2 g/kg ideal body weight. The MRI-C3 volumetric reconstruction was obtained in 16 patients.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>As per-protocol, the patients were categorized according to pre-surgery TNM stage: groups A (TNM stages I-III) and B (IVa-IVc). The prevalence of group A patients was 59.6% in the case group and 85.7% in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with higher survival rates at follow-up in the control group (80.5% vs. 27.3%), therefore, the two historical groups were not comparable. Given the limited number of cases, all patients were included in a unique group. Advanced stages of OSCC (log-rank test, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and AN (<i>p</i> < 0.001) were independently associated with a lower survival rates. The 3-12 month post-surgery MRI_C3 volume increased in patients who received ON treatment and decreased in those who received AN treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AN is associated with lower survival probability than ON in patients with OSCC. The MRI-C3 measurement of paravertebral muscles is a promising technique for detecting sarcopenia that needs to be confirmed by further studies including larger groups of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1530460"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid metabolic disorders and their impact on cartilage endplate and nucleus pulposus function in intervertebral disk degeneration.","authors":"Ruixia Wu, Xiao Juan Zhao, Yaxin Du, Yizhi Dong, Xinyue Song, Yong Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1533264","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1533264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipid metabolism encompasses the processes of digestion, absorption, synthesis, and degradation of fats within biological systems, playing a crucial role in sustaining normal physiological functions. Disorders of lipid metabolism, characterized by abnormal blood lipid levels and dysregulated fatty acid metabolism, have emerged as significant contributors to intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD). The pathogenesis of IDD is multifaceted, encompassing genetic predispositions, nutritional and metabolic factors, mechanical stressors, trauma, and inflammatory responses, which collectively facilitate the progression of IDD. Although the precise mechanisms underlying IDD remain incompletely elucidated, there is substantial consensus regarding the close association between lipid metabolism disorders and its development. Intervertebral disks are essential for maintaining spinal alignment. Their primary functions encompass shock absorption, preservation of physiological curvature, facilitation of movement, and provision of stability. The elasticity and thickness of these disks effectively absorb daily impacts, safeguard the spine, uphold its natural curvature and flexibility, while also creating space for nerve roots to prevent compression and ensure normal transmission of nerve signals. Research indicates that such metabolic disturbances may compromise the functionality of cartilaginous endplates (CEP) and nucleus pulposus (NP), thereby facilitating IDD's onset and progression. The CEP is integral to internal material exchange and shock absorption while mitigating NP herniation under mechanical load conditions. As the central component of intervertebral disks, NP is essential for maintaining disk height and providing shock-absorbing capabilities; thus, damage to these critical structures accelerates IDD progression. Furthermore, lipid metabolism disorders contribute to IDD through mechanisms including activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways, enhancement of oxidative stress levels, induction of cellular pyroptosis alongside inhibition of autophagy processes-coupled with the promotion of inflammation-induced fibrosis and fibroblast proliferation leading to calcification within intervertebral disks. This review delineates the intricate interplay between lipid metabolism disorders and IDD; it is anticipated that advancing our understanding of this pathogenesis will pave the way for more effective preventive measures and therapeutic strategies against IDD in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1533264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of <i>FADS</i> genetic variation and omega-3 fatty acid deficiency on cardiometabolic disease risk in a Mexican American population.","authors":"Sarah A Blomquist, Jil H Albrecht, Brian Hallmark, Yann C Klimentidis, Luis A Garcia, Lawrence J Mandarino, Dawn K Coletta, Floyd H Chilton","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1538505","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1538505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Latinos, the largest racial/ethnic minority group in the United States, have high rates of cardiometabolic diseases, hypothesized due in part to genetic variation in the fatty acid desaturase (<i>FADS</i>) cluster that is associated with reduced omega-3 (n-3) highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) biosynthesis. This study examined how variations in <i>FADS</i> and other HUFA pathway-related genes (<i>ELOVL5</i> and <i>ELOVL2</i>) impact cardiometabolic disease risk factors in Latinos of Mexican Ancestry (LMA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study analyzed 493 self-identified LMA from the Arizona Insulin Resistance registry (AIR) and found a marked enrichment in <i>FADS</i> alleles linked the ancestral haplotype (AH) compared to European Americans. LMA individuals with two AH alleles produced markedly lower levels of n-6 and n-3 HUFAs. However, this was more pronounced with the n-3 HUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), where the n-6 arachidonic acid (ARA) to EPA and DHA ratios were 30:1 and 5:1, respectively, and circulating EPA levels were reduced to <5 ng/mL. Importantly, genetic variations in both <i>FADS</i> and <i>ELOVL2/5</i> regions also were strongly associated with several cardiometabolic disease (CMD) markers, with the presence of two <i>FADS</i> AH alleles corresponding to a 45, 33, and 41% increase in fasting insulin, triglyceride levels and HOMA-IR, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals the potential impact of genetically influenced HUFA regulation and n-3 HUFA deficiency on cardiometabolic disease risk within LMA. These insights provide a strong rationale for future studies and clinical trials that focus on n-3 HUFA supplementation to mitigate CMD disparities in LMA populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1538505"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of body roundness index and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption with psychological symptoms in adolescents: a multicenter cross-sectional survey based on Chinese adolescents aged 12-18 years old.","authors":"Long Chen, Wei Zheng, Caiyun Wei, Jiayu Ling, Qingtao Kong","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1505491","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1505491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescent psychosocial symptoms continue to rise, negatively affecting academic performance and future achievement, and have become an important public health issue of common concern worldwide. However, few studies have been conducted on the association between body roundness index (BRI) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and psychological symptoms in Chinese adolescents. The present study may provide implications for the intervention and prevention of psychological symptoms in Chinese adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, 47,520 adolescents aged 12-18 years from six geographic regions of China were assessed cross-sectionally for BRI, SSB consumption, and psychological symptoms in 2023. Independent samples t-tests, chi-square tests, logistic regression analyses, and ordered logistic regression analyses were used to compare and analyze the associations that existed between BRI and SSB consumption and psychological symptoms among Chinese adolescents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The BRI of Chinese adolescents aged 12-18 years was (2.03 ± 0.94). The proportions of adolescents with SSB consumption ≤1 times/week, 2-3 times/week, and ≥ 4 times/week were 33.2, 52.0, and 14.7%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant in comparison (<i>X</i> ² value of 597.860, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The prevalence of psychological symptoms among Chinese adolescents was 19.2%. The prevalence rates of emotional problems, behavioral problems, and social adjustment difficulties were 26.1, 25.2, and 16.1%, respectively. After adjusting for relevant covariates, ordered logistic regression analysis showed that with BRI quartiles Q1 and SSB consumption ≤1 times/week as the reference group, the adolescents in the group with BRI quartiles of Q4 and SSB consumption ≥4 times/week (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.77-2.30) had the highest risk of developing psychological symptoms (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is an association between BRI and SSB consumption with psychological symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Chinese adolescents with higher BRI and SSB consumption were at higher risk of developing psychological symptoms. In the future, the increase in BRI and SSB consumption should be effectively controlled to prevent or reduce the occurrence of psychological symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1505491"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11930830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of MUAC for assessment of acute malnutrition among children aged 6-59 months in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yonatan Menber, Tefera Belachew, Netsanet Fentahun","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1536386","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1536386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) or Weight-for-Length Z-Score (WHZ) are used to screen for acute malnutrition in children. The relative merits of MUAC and WHZ, as well as whether they ought to be used separately, are still up for debate. Considering the significant impact of acute malnutrition on a large number of children in Africa, along with the constraints on resources, it is crucial to critically assess the validity of simple and widely used tools utilized in both African communities and clinical settings. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the diagnostic test accuracy of MUAC in screening acute malnutrition among children aged 6-59 months in Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to pool evidence on the diagnostic performance of MUAC compared to WHZ among children aged 6 to 59 months across various studies in Africa. The StataMP 17.0 software was utilized for analysis, employing a Bivariate Random-effects Meta-Analysis model. Sensitivity, specificity, the Diagnostic Odds Ratio, and the Area Under the Curve were calculated. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane's Q statistic and the I² test. Additionally, meta-regression, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and assessments for publication bias were employed. The overall level of diagnostic test accuracy was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 38.1% (95% CI: 30.7, 46.1%) and 94.9% (95% CI: 93.2, 96.2%), respectively. The summary receiver operating characteristic curve plot showed that MUAC had good accuracy in detecting acute malnutrition (AUC = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.88). The pooled level of diagnostic odds ratio was 13.22 (95% CI: 9.68, 16.77). The rate of misclassification in screening for acute malnutrition using MUAC was observed to be 11.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MUAC demonstrated low sensitivity but high specificity in diagnosing acute malnutrition in children aged 6 to 59 months across various regions of Africa. Furthermore, it was found that MUAC provides good diagnostic test accuracy when compared to WHZ. To enhance its accuracy, it is suggested to increase the MUAC cutoff thresholds.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1536386"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11930825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geriatric nutritional risk index as a predictor of mortality in women with chronic inflammatory airway disease: evidence from NHANES 1999-2018.","authors":"Zhao Chen, YouLi Wen, Wenqiang Li, Jingshan Bai, Peng Zhou, Qian He, Zhiping Deng","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1547952","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1547952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incidence of Chronic Inflammatory Airway Diseases (CIAD) has been steadily increasing, making it a significant contributor to the global disease burden. Additionally, the risk of airway diseases in elderly women continues to rise each year, with nutritional factors playing a crucial role in the progression of CIAD. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a novel tool for assessing individual nutritional status. This study aims to assess the relationship between GNRI and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly women with CIAD, providing guidance for nutritional interventions to reduce mortality risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from elderly female patients and relevant indicators were sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Nutritional status was assessed using the GNRI, and patients were divided into four groups based on their GNRI quartiles. Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the relationship between GNRI and all-cause as well as cardiovascular mortality in elderly women with CIAD. Additionally, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was applied to explore the association between GNRI and different mortality outcomes, and subgroup analysis was conducted to further validate the robustness of the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,417 elderly female CIAD patients were included in this study. During a median follow-up of 91 months, 515 deaths from all causes and 157 deaths from cardiovascular causes occurred. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models indicated that compared to the lowest GNRI quartile, the other quartiles showed a general decreasing trend in both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the fully adjusted model, the highest GNRI quartile had the lowest risks of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.22-0.72, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11-0.78, <i>p</i> < 0.05).The RCS analysis demonstrated a nonlinear association between GNRI and both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (<i>P</i> for nonlinearity <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In elderly women with CIAD, lower GNRI levels are associated with an increased mortality risk. GNRI may serve as a potential predictive tool for both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, providing valuable insights for nutritional interventions and clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1547952"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}