{"title":"Association of dietary patterns with hypertension among adults residing in Tibetan China: findings from a population-based study.","authors":"Xinran Li, Xin Zhang, Qiling Gou, Qingtao Meng, Xiaoping Chen","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1534915","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1534915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the dietary patterns of Tibetan residents and explore their association with the prevalence of hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multi-stage, stratified, random sampling method was employed to include Tibetan residents from Luhuo County, Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China. Dietary information was collected through face-to-face interviews using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) consisting of 92 food items. Participants were asked to report the frequency and portion size of their consumption of each food item over the past year. The collected data were subsequently converted into average daily intake, with the 92 food items grouped into 23 distinct categories. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was then used to identify dietary patterns. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between dietary patterns and the prevalence of hypertension, adjusting for potential confounders including age, gender, living area, education, physical activity, current smoking, current alcohol consumption, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and overweight/obesity. A <i>P</i> value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,262 Tibetan residents participated in the study, with an average age of 46 ± 15 years. Among them, 36.8% were male, and the prevalence of hypertension was 30.2%. Three distinct dietary patterns were identified among Tibetan residents and were subsequently named as the \"Tsamba-red meat-tuber,\" \"Rice-vegetable-fruit,\" and \"Dairy products\" patterns. After adjusting for confounding factors, individuals in the highest quartile following the \"Tsamba-red meat-tuber\" pattern were found to be associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 2.06-4.50; <i>P</i> for trend <0.001). In contrast, individuals in the highest quartile following the \"Rice-vegetable-fruit\" pattern were associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.30-0.67; <i>P</i> for trend <0.001). Additionally, those in the highest quartile of the \"Dairy products\" pattern also showed a lower prevalence of hypertension (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.39-0.85; <i>P</i> for trend = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The \"Tsamba-red meat-tuber\" pattern is associated with a higher risk of hypertension, whereas the \"Rice-vegetable-fruit\" and \"Dairy products\" patterns are associated with a lower risk of hypertension in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1534915"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temporal trends of ischemic stroke attributable to diet high in sodium in China from the global burden of disease study 2021.","authors":"Jiaming Cui, Zhiwei Xu, Yang Dai, Qi Wang, Zhihui Hou, Yongchen Zhang, Hongling Jia","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1513981","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1513981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ischemic stroke is a significant global health burden, with high sodium intake recognized as a key risk factor. This study aimed to assess the disease burden of ischemic stroke attributable to diet high in sodium in China from 1990 to 2021. Additionally, we analyzed the influence of age, period, and cohort effects on the trends in ischemic stroke burden and projected the disease burden from 2022 to 2036.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) were used to analyze the ischemic stroke burden among high-risk populations in China. Annual average percent change (AAPC) was calculated using Joinpoint regression models to evaluate trends in ischemic stroke burden from 1990 to 2021. Age-period-cohort models were employed to estimate the independent effects of age, period, and cohort on the ischemic stroke burden, and to project the burden from 2022 to 2036 using Bayesian age-period-cohort models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1990 to 2021, ischemic stroke mortality attributable to diet high in sodium in China showed a continuous increase, while the age-standardized mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) significantly declined. In the age-period-cohort analysis, the age effect on ischemic stroke burden increased steadily over the study period. Period effects revealed an initial decline in the relative risk (RR) of ischemic stroke mortality and DALY rates, followed by an increase in cohorts born before 2004-2009, and a gradual decline in cohorts born after that period. Cohort effects demonstrated a continuous decline in the relative risk of ischemic stroke mortality and DALY rates from 1990 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that ischemic stroke attributable to a diet high in sodium in China fluctuated from 1990 to 2021, with a declining trend observed in recent years. Projections indicate that this downward trend will continue. Age and birth period are key factors influencing the disease burden, with older adults and men being particularly affected. Future policy efforts should focus on enhancing health management in high-risk populations to further reduce the burden of ischemic stroke linked to high sodium intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1513981"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in NutritionPub Date : 2025-03-13eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1553942
Kushagra Agrawal, Polat Goktas, Maike Holtkemper, Christian Beecks, Navneet Kumar
{"title":"AI-driven transformation in food manufacturing: a pathway to sustainable efficiency and quality assurance.","authors":"Kushagra Agrawal, Polat Goktas, Maike Holtkemper, Christian Beecks, Navneet Kumar","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1553942","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1553942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to explore the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in food manufacturing by optimizing production, reducing waste, and enhancing sustainability. This review follows a literature review approach, synthesizing findings from peer-reviewed studies published between 2019 and 2024. A structured methodology was employed, including database searches and inclusion/exclusion criteria to assess AI applications in food manufacturing. By leveraging predictive analytics, real-time monitoring, and computer vision, AI streamlines workflows, minimizes environmental footprints, and ensures product consistency. The study examines AI-driven solutions for waste reduction through data-driven modeling and circular economy practices, aligning the industry with global sustainability goals. Additionally, it identifies key barriers to AI adoption-including infrastructure limitations, ethical concerns, and economic constraints-and proposes strategies for overcoming them. The findings highlight the necessity of cross-sector collaboration among industry stakeholders, policymakers, and technology developers to fully harness AI's potential in building a resilient and sustainable food manufacturing ecosystem.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1553942"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in NutritionPub Date : 2025-03-13eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1523365
Sandra Muñoz-Coyotecatl, Astrid Domínguez-Uscanga, Randy Ortiz-Castro, Greta H Rosas-Saito, Gregorio Romero-De la Vega, Genaro Amador-Espejo, Diego A Luna-Vital
{"title":"Complex coacervation of anthocyanin-rich pigments from red cabbage (<i>Brassica oleracea</i>) with inulin, gum arabic and pea protein.","authors":"Sandra Muñoz-Coyotecatl, Astrid Domínguez-Uscanga, Randy Ortiz-Castro, Greta H Rosas-Saito, Gregorio Romero-De la Vega, Genaro Amador-Espejo, Diego A Luna-Vital","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1523365","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1523365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Complex coacervation is a widely used method for bioactive compound microencapsulation. Red cabbage extract is a natural pigment that contains anthocyanins, which provide attractive and bright colors with no reported toxicity and associated healthy properties. These types of pigments have led to a deep interest in developing natural colorants to at least partially replace their synthetic counterparts in the food industry. The present study aimed to encapsulate red cabbage extract using a complex coacervation system comprising gum arabic:inulin (GA:In) and pea protein (PP) as wall materials. A total of four treatments were tested, maintaining a consistent pea protein concentration (1%), and the concentrations of GA:In (1 and 3%) and red cabbage extract (1 and 10%) were varied. The results showed high encapsulation efficiency values, with all treatments achieving encapsulation levels above 95%. The total monomeric anthocyanin concentration was 6.7 μg anthocyanin Eq. C3G/mg of flour, and to explore bioactivity of the extract, <i>α</i>-amylase inhibition was analyzed, with an inhibitory percentage of 22.48% at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. The solubility of the coacervates ranged from 70.12 to 75.84% in water, and their morphology revealed irregular and porous shapes. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the formation of the coacervate-encapsulation complex. Characteristic bands showed the presence of functional groups from the wall materials and the encapsulated anthocyanins. These findings showed that the use of GA, In and PP as wall materials in complex coacervation can develop natural colorants with improved stability and functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1523365"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in NutritionPub Date : 2025-03-13eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1534106
Yuying Xiang, Yun Chen, Lingyan Lan, Shuling Chen, Qijin Shu
{"title":"Global burden of lung cancer attributable to metabolic and dietary risk factors: an overview of 3 decades and forecasted trends to 2036.","authors":"Yuying Xiang, Yun Chen, Lingyan Lan, Shuling Chen, Qijin Shu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1534106","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1534106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related burden worldwide. Unhealthy dietary patterns and related metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), represent critical global public health challenges. Nevertheless, the global burden of LC attributable to metabolic and dietary factors remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aims to analyze global burden of LC attributable to metabolic and dietary risk factors, based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021, from 1990 to 2021. Additionally, the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was utilized to forecast the disease burden of LC for the upcoming 15-year period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) and Diet low in fruits (DLF) are identified as the sole metabolic and dietary risk factors for LC, respectively, according to GBD 2021. The study findings indicate that a marked increase in the LC burden caused by HFPG, whereas the age-standardized rates (ASRs) of mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to DLF for LC represent a general decline. At the social population index (SDI) regional level, the burden of LC attributable to DLF represents the most rapid increase in low-middle SDI regions, and while, the burden of LC attributable to DLF exhibits the most rapid decline in high-middle SDI regions. Moreover, LC burden attributable to HFPG and DLF in mortality and DALYs is higher among males than females, with sex difference being more pronounced in the elderly.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From 1990 to 2021, the burden of LC attributed to HFPG has increased owing to the escalating exposure levels of DM, whereas the burden resulting from DLF has declined. The burden of LC attributable to HFPG and DLF exhibits distinct spatiotemporal patterns and similar gender-age patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1534106"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in NutritionPub Date : 2025-03-13eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1549181
Deng Huang, Pan Ding, Chao Lin, Liuhong Tian, Xiaodan Kuang, Jiaming Fang, Shulei Chen, Rongxiu Ding
{"title":"Association between dietary patterns and existing natural teeth in Chinese elderly: a national community-based study.","authors":"Deng Huang, Pan Ding, Chao Lin, Liuhong Tian, Xiaodan Kuang, Jiaming Fang, Shulei Chen, Rongxiu Ding","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1549181","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1549181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To promote healthy aging, we aimed to evaluate the independent and joint effects of protein, sugar-salt, and anti-inflammatory diets on existing natural teeth among the Chinese elderly, and further explore the mediating role of body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on the 2017-2019 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), 11,608 participants aged 65 and above were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Protein, sugar-salt, and anti-inflammatory diets were measured via a simplified 13-item dietary frequency questionnaire (dietary frequency around age 60). Restricted cubic spline and multiple linear regression analyses evaluated associations between dietary patterns and existing natural teeth, and mediation analysis explored BMI's role.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Protein and anti-inflammatory diets were positively and linearly associated with existing natural teeth, while sugar-salt diets were negatively and linearly associated. Compared with the low dietary patterns (Q1), high protein and anti-inflammatory diets (Q4) were associated with a higher number of teeth (<i>β</i>: 1.70, 95%CI: 1.14, 2.25; <i>β</i>: 1.98, 95%CI: 1.45, 2.51, respectively; and 28% and 38% risk decreased for fewer than 20 teeth, respectively), whereas high sugar-salt diets had the lowest number (<i>β</i>: -1.14, 95%CI: -1.61, -0.67; 44% risk increased for fewer than 20 teeth). We further found a joint effect of low protein, high sugar-salt, and low anti-inflammatory diets on existing natural teeth (<i>β</i>: -1.97, 95% CI: -2.61, -1.33). Moreover, BMI mediated 10.88%, 19.69%, and 10.74% of the effects of the protein, sugar-salt, and anti-inflammatory diets with existing teeth, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Promoting high protein and anti-inflammatory diets and reducing sugar-salt intake in elderly individuals may reduce tooth loss, possibly partly mediated through overweight or obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1549181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in NutritionPub Date : 2025-03-13eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1521501
Inga Kutepova, Alison Kamil, Alissa R Wilson, Colin D Rehm
{"title":"Declining trends in sweetness of the diet in the United Kingdom: 2008/9-2018/19.","authors":"Inga Kutepova, Alison Kamil, Alissa R Wilson, Colin D Rehm","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1521501","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1521501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sugar reduction is a major public health priority. Due to the assumed correlation between dietary sweetness and sugars intake, some organizations suggest minimizing dietary sweetness regardless of source. Data describing the trends/patterns in the sweetness of the diet may inform dietary recommendations. This cross-sectional study utilized dietary data from 2008/09 to 2018/19, including 15,655 individuals ≥1.5 year from the United Kingdom's National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Program. Products sweetened with low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) were matched to their sugar-sweetened pair (e.g., regular cola vs. diet cola), which was used to estimate the sugar equivalents from LCS-sweetened products and estimate dietary level sweetness, defined as grams of approximate sugar equivalent (ASE) per day. Foods and beverages that underwent reformulation during the study period through the use of LCS were also identified. From 2008/9 through 2018/19, the ASE of the overall UK diet declined by about 10%. LCS products contributed 13% of ASE. There was evidence of a non-linear trend, with ASE levels relatively stable until 2014/15 and then declining. Overall, the decline in ASE was larger for beverages than foods (ASE values declined 20.7% for beverages vs. 4.4% for foods), although both decreased significantly (<i>p</i>-value < 0.01). Dietary sweetness has changed in the UK, due to a combination of consumer behavior, reformulations, policies, public health awareness programs, and media campaigns, emphasizing its multifactorial nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1521501"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in NutritionPub Date : 2025-03-13eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1572567
Cristina Vassalle
{"title":"Editorial: Vitamin D: from pathophysiology to clinical impact.","authors":"Cristina Vassalle","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1572567","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1572567","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1572567"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontiers in NutritionPub Date : 2025-03-13eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1519612
Hongman Li, Long Li
{"title":"Inverse associations of the lifestyle critical 9 with cardiorenal syndrome: the mediating role of the dietary inflammatory index.","authors":"Hongman Li, Long Li","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1519612","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1519612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) represents a burgeoning global health concern characterized by its increasing prevalence. Life's Crucial 9 (LC9), an innovative tool for cardiovascular health assessment, and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), which quantifies diet's impact on body inflammation, have not been previously studied in conjunction regarding their association with CRS.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to explore the relationship between LC9 and CRS, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and to examine whether DII serves as a mediator in this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research included data from 25,792 NHANES participants spanning from 2005 to 2018. The study leverages the dataset's comprehensive representativeness and robust statistical power to ensure generalizable and reliable findings. We employed weighted logistic regression to evaluate the association between LC9 scores and CRS presence, conducted subgroup analyses, and performed mediation analysis to investigate the role of DII.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between LC9 and CRS. Upon controlling for confounders, each 10-point rise in LC9 correlates with a 26% reduction in CRS prevalence (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Additionally, stratifying LC9 into tertiles with T1 as the reference group revealed that T2 (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.48-0.72, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and T3 (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.38-0.88, <i>p</i> < 0.001) exhibited a strong negative correlation trend. The dose-response curve illustrates a linear relationship between LC9 and CRS; as LC9 increases, the occurrence of CRS decreases. DII shows a significant positive connection with CRS (<i>p</i> < 0.001), but DII indicates a decreasing trend when LC9 rises (<i>β</i> = -0.65, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Mediation analysis reveals that DII mediates the association between LC9 and CRS, with a mediation proportion of 12.5% (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate a robust inverse correlation between LC9 scores and CRS incidence, with DII is associated with this relationship. This suggests potential preventive strategies against CRS through lifestyle modifications guided by LC9.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1519612"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}