Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Gender and age differences in weekend eating habits: associations with fat mass percentage in a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Stefania Gorini, Elisabetta Camajani, Alessandra Feraco, Andrea Armani, Chiara Quattrini, Maria Grazia Tarsitano, Edda Cava, Laura Di Renzo, Massimiliano Caprio, Antonino De Lorenzo, Mauro Lombardo","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1578574","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1578574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Weekend eating habits are often different from those of weekdays, but their impact on body composition remains little explored. This study investigates gender and age differences in weekend eating behaviors and their association with fat mass percentage (FM%).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,596 participants at an obesity center in Italy. Eating habits were assessed with a self-reported questionnaire, classifying weekend eating behavior into four categories: maintaining weekday eating patterns, cooking at home, eating out, and eating prepared meals. Weekday eating was considered the participant's habitual eating pattern as reported during clinical evaluation. Differences in FM% between groups were analyzed by ANOVA and the influence of gender and age was examined by multiple linear regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences between gender and age were observed specifically in weekend eating behaviors (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Women were significantly more likely to cook at home, whereas men, particularly those aged 18-30 years, were more likely to eat out. Women who cooked at home during the weekend had a higher FM% than those who ate out or maintained weekday eating habits (<i>p</i> < 0.001) but consistency alone does not guarantee better body composition, as the quality of the diet was not assessed. Among men aged 31-45 years, cooking at home was associated with a higher FM% than maintaining weekday habits (<i>p</i> = 0.0028). Regression analysis showed that FM% was higher in females and older age groups, while eating out, being hosted, or maintaining weekday habits were associated with lower FM% compared to cooking at home (all <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Weekend eating habits represent a distinct and influential factor on body composition, rather than a simple extension of weekday patterns. The results emphasize that gender- and age-specific approaches are crucial in dietary interventions, particularly for younger men and women who maintain structured meal patterns. These results suggest that weekends may be an important period for dietary interventions based on self-reported dietary patterns, with potential implications for gender- and age-specific dietary interventions and broader public health strategies aimed at improving long-term metabolic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1578574"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning with decision curve analysis evaluates nutritional metabolic biomarkers for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic risk: an NHANES analysis.","authors":"Jun Huang, Zhuo Liu, WeiPeng Feng, YuanLing Huang, XinChun Cheng","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1597864","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1597864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The American Heart Association recently introduced the concept of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKM), emphasizing the interplay between metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and kidney diseases. Although insulin resistance (IR) and chronic inflammation are core drivers of CKM, the relationships causing imbalance have not been fully evaluated. Emerging biomarkers (RAR, NPAR, SIRI, Homair) offer multidimensional prediction capabilities by simultaneously assessing nutritional metabolism, cellular inflammation, and insulin resistance in diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included data from 19,884 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018. The study developed novel indices (RAR, NPAR, SIRI, Homair) and assessed their CKM predictive value through: Multivariable logistic/Cox regression; Restricted cubic splines; Machine learning (XGBoost, LightGBM); Decision curve analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess interactive effects on specific populations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After weighted analysis, multi-model logistic regression showed that RAR, SIRI, NPAR, and Homair remained strongly correlated with CKM after adjusting for various factors (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with RAR showing the most pronounced relationship (OR: 2.73, 95% CI: 2.07-3.59, <i>p</i> < 0.001). RCS curves revealed nonlinear relationships between these factors and outcomes (nonlinear <i>p</i> < 0.05). In multi-model Cox regression, RAR, SIRI, and NPAR were associated with all-cause mortality (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and RAR was linked to all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and kidney disease mortality (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with the strongest link (OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.98-2.88, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Machine learning ranked RAR, SIRI, and Homair as top predictors for CKM diagnosis. The DCA model further validated these three Lasso-selected variables, showing clinical utility. The model combining RAR, diabetes mellitus (DM), and age demonstrated outstanding performance (AUC = 0.907), offering clinical reference value.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates significant relationship between RAR, NPAR, SIRI, and Homair with the five stages of CKM, with RAR showing the robust association. DCA-confirmed RAR demonstrates high clinical translatability as a standalone predictor for CKM risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1597864"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic nutritional index negative associated with mortality in older Japanese patients with dysphagia.","authors":"Ruijun Pei, Donghao Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1586248","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1586248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) has been proven to represent a biomarker for predicting prognosis in many groups of patients with severe diseases. However, few studies have investigated the association between PNI and mortality in Japan older people with dysphagia patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the prognostic value of PNI in older Japanese patients with dysphagia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 248 patients diagnosed with dysphagia at a single center between January 2014 and January 2017. According to PNI score, all patients were divided into normal nutrition group (PNI ≥ 38), moderate malnutrition group (35 ≤ PNI < 38) and severe malnutrition group (PNI < 35). Cox regression analysis was used to compare the mortality rates among the three groups. Subgroup analyses were conducted, and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to determine the median survival times.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the patients was 83.0 ± 9.3 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 0.64:1. Of the patients, 180 received percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and 68 received total parenteral nutrition (TPN). After adjusting for all covariates, the multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed a significant association between PNI and the risk of mortality (HR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92-0.97, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Compared with the normal nutrition group, the mortality rate of severe malnutrition group was significantly higher (<i>P</i> = 0.007). The adjusted hazard ratios for the severe and moderate malnutrition groups were 1.83 (95%CI: 1.18-2.84, <i>P</i> = 0.007) and 1.39 (95%CI: 0.81-2.4, <i>P</i> = 0.234), respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves indicated median survival times of 189, 447, and 864 days for severe malnutrition group, moderate malnutrition group, and normal nutrition group, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PNI was negatively associated with mortality in older Japanese patients with dysphagia. There was no interaction for the subgroup analysis. The result was stable.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1586248"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ego depletion and its role regarding the attitudes and behavior toward sustainable food consumption.","authors":"Fabian Daiss, Markus Siebertz, Petra Jansen","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1469301","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1469301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study's main goal was to investigate the effect of ego depletion on explicit and implicit attitudes and behavior toward sustainable food consumption in the context of dual-process models describing sustainable behavior.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>171 student participants completed an explicit rating and an affective priming task, respectively, at pre- and post-intervention, namely a six-minute transcription task to induce ego depletion. They then conducted a decision-making task (sustainable vs. less-sustainable chocolate bar) to test sustainable behavior during ego depletion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Contrary to our hypotheses, explicit attitudes toward sustainable nutrition remained stable across conditions, showing no significant decline in the depletion group. Unexpectedly, implicit attitudes toward sustainable vegetarian nutrition became more negative over time, irrespective of the experimental condition. In the decision-making task, participants' behavior was primarily predicted by their explicit attitudes post-intervention, rather than their implicit attitudes or ego depletion state.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings challenge the assumption that ego depletion weakens explicit attitudes toward sustainable behavior, particularly vegetarian nutrition. Instead, explicit attitudes appear to be stable and the predominant predictor of sustainable food choices.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1469301"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum sodium within the normal range and its U-shaped relationship with biological aging in U.S. adults.","authors":"Xianxiang Tong, Fei Wang, Mengxue Liu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1589962","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1589962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This cross-sectional study evaluated the correlation between serum sodium levels (135-145 mmol/L) and biological aging in U.S. adults. Biological age, derived from multi-system biomarkers, provides a more accurate assessment of aging than chronological age. Hydration balance, reflected by serum sodium, may modulate age-related diseases and mortality, but its link to biological aging remains underexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using NHANES data (1999-2018), we focused on normonatremic adults (≥20 years). The final cohort included 18,301 participants. Biological age was estimated using the Klemera and Doubal method, and ∆age (biological age-chronological age) was calculated. Associations were assessed using multivariate regression, generalized additive models, and threshold analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted for variations across different populations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nonlinear analysis revealed a U-shaped relationship between serum sodium and biological age. The lowest biological age occurred at 139.3 mmol/L: each 1 mmol/L increase below this threshold was associated with a reduction of 0.10 years in biological age (95% CI: -0.15, -0.05), whereas values above it showed a 0.08-year increase (95% CI: 0.04, 0.13). For ∆age, a negative association was observed below 141.2 mmol/L, with each increase linked to a 0.07-year decrease (95% CI: -0.10, -0.04). Subgroup analyses revealed significant interactions in diabetic and smoking populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maintaining serum sodium levels within an optimal range (138-142 mmol/L) may help delay biological aging. Hydration management may serve as a modifiable factor for healthy aging, particularly in high-risk groups such as individuals with diabetes or tobacco use.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1589962"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on isometric performance and physiological responses in college bodybuilders: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study.","authors":"Lijun Wang, Ruohan Zhao, Yuhang Yan, Hongli Zhang, Ruixin Yan, Yifan Zhu, Zhuohong Han, Yue Qu, Ruonan Wang, Yicheng Li, Ruolin Chao","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1576712","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1576712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In bodybuilding competitions, athletes are required to hold static poses for extended periods. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of acute beetroot juice (BJ) supplementation on isometric muscle endurance in college bodybuilding athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen male college bodybuilding athletes participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study conducted over three weeks with four laboratory visits. The first visit involved explaining the experimental protocol and performing the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) test. The second visit familiarized participants with the testing procedures. During subsequent visits, participants consumed either BJ (250 ml,∼ 12.48 mmol of NO3-) or PL (250 ml,∼ 0.0005 mmol of NO3-), and blood samples were collected before testing to measure nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) concentrations. Participants then performed three rounds of isometric circuit endurance tests (ICET), during which heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate levels were recorded. Each round of ICET consisted of four subtests targeting the elbow flexors, core muscles, forearm muscles, and knee extensors, maintaining 70% of MVIC until fatigue. Additionally, surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to record and analyze muscle activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to PL, acute BJ supplementation resulted in a 10.87-fold and 1.57-fold increase in serum NO3- and NO2- levels, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in MVIC peak torque under different conditions (<i>P</i> > 0.05). In the third round of testing (ICET-3), endurance improved by 14.9, 25.4, and 25.2% for the elbow flexors, forearm muscles, and knee extensors, respectively. No significant differences in root mean square (RMS) values were observed between the BJ and PL groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These data suggest that acute beetroot juice supplementation had no significant effect on MVIC in college bodybuilding athletes but improved endurance in certain muscle groups during ICET. This suggests that nitrates may enhance endurance by optimizing intermittent recovery processes rather than directly increasing strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1576712"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the skeletal muscle-to-visceral fat ratio and kidney stones: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Yuan-Zhuo Du, Jia-Qing Yang, Jian Tang, Chi-Teng Zhang, Yi-Fu Liu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1549047","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1549047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prior research has suggested links between skeletal muscle mass and visceral fat volume with kidney stone formation. However, the link between the skeletal muscle-to-visceral fat ratio (SVR) and kidney stone risk remains to be clarified. This study aims to explore the relationship between SVR and the risk of kidney stones, analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research encompassed 8,522 individuals from NHANES surveys from 2011 to 2018. Kidney stones were diagnosed through a standardized questionnaire, and SVR was calculated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Participants were grouped into quartiles based on their SVR. All data underwent weighting according to official guidelines. Logistic regression models assessed the correlation between SVR and kidney stone incidence, and subgroup analysis was employed to investigate its stability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the participants, 675 individuals, representing 8.73%, received a diagnosis of kidney stones, with an average age of 39.29 years (±0.28). Findings indicate that lower SVR correlates with increased kidney stone risk. Within the comprehensively adjusted multivariate model, compared to the lowest SVR quartile, the second, third, and fourth quartiles demonstrated significantly reduced risks, with ORs of 0.63 (95% CI = 0.47-0.84), 0.57 (95% CI = 0.42-0.79), and 0.39 (95% CI = 0.25-0.61), respectively. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression models demonstrated a non-linear relationship between SVR and kidney stone risk. The subgroup analysis demonstrated no significant differences in weighted associations across subgroups (interaction <i>p</i>-value > 0.05), except for BMI, which had a significant interaction (interaction <i>p</i>-value < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings underscore that lower SVR correlates with increased kidney stone risk, a relationship that remains consistent across most demographics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1549047"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national burden of nutritional deficiencies spanning from 1990 to 2021, with a focus on the impacts observed during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Yue-Yang Zhang, Bing-Xue Chen, Qin Wan","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1535566","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1535566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The United Nations has recognized nutritional deficiencies as a critical health issue that necessitates urgent eradication. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the spatial distribution and temporal trends of the global disease burden associated with nutritional deficiencies and their four subtypes from 1990 to 2021, with a particular focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study primarily employs the most recent data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 to conduct a thorough analysis of the distribution trends of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with nutritional deficiencies and their four subtypes from 1990 to 2021, incorporating detailed subgroup analyses categorized by sex, age, and region. In comparison to the GBD 2019, the GBD 2021 update places a particular emphasis on supplementing disease burden data for the period of the COVID-19 pandemic (2019-2021). Furthermore, this study investigates the primary risk factors contributing to disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) linked to nutritional deficiencies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 1990 and 2021, the global burden of nutritional deficiencies experienced a substantial decline, evidenced by a 54.9% reduction in the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), a 72.2% decrease in the age-standardized death rate (ASDR), and a 51.9% reduction in the age-standardized DALY rate. However, it is noteworthy that the burden of iodine deficiency (ASIR: 137.72 vs. 75.49; Age-standardized DALY rate: 35.43 vs. 19.98) and dietary iron deficiency (Age-standardized DALY rate: 597.97 vs. 253.05) is considerably greater in women than in men. Moreover, in regions characterized by a low social demographic index (SDI) and lower income levels, the burden of diseases associated with nutritional deficiencies remains substantial. In contrast, the COVID-19 pandemic has not markedly changed the epidemiological profile of nutritional deficiencies compared to the pre-2019 period, and the global burden of nutritional deficiencies has continued its gradual decline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite a decline in the global burden of nutritional deficiencies over time, significant disparities related to gender, region, and age persist. Fortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a relatively limited impact on the global burden of nutritional deficiencies. Healthcare institutions must formulate more targeted strategies aimed at alleviating the adverse effects of nutritional deficiencies on global public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1535566"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of chitosan edible coating containing anthocyanins and tea polyphenols on cold storage of chilled pork.","authors":"Han Chen, Fang Zhang, Yi-Xin Yang, Xiu-Hua Meng, Xiao-Qin Ding, Tun-Yu Jian, Guan-Ting Niu, Bei Tong, Ya-Nan Gai, Han Lü, Jian Chen","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1546618","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1546618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preserving fresh meat has been a long-standing challenge due to microbial growth and lipid oxidation. In this study, chitosan (CS) active coatings loaded with blackberry anthocyanins (BA), tea polyphenols (TP), and their combination, designated as CS/BA, CS/TP, and CS/BA/TP, were applied for chilled pork preservation. Compared to CS coating alone, CS/BA/TP coating exhibited a 9.3% lower total viable count (TVC), a 45.5% reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and a 26.6% decrease in total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) after 12 days of storage at 4°C. Furthermore, the combined use of TP and BA exhibited a synergistic effect, with the most pronounced impact observed in oxidative stability, while also improving microbial inhibition and maintaining color stability. These results highlight CS/BA/TP coatings as a promising natural preservative for extending chilled pork shelf life.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1546618"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12092219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of postoperative prognostic nutritional index trajectory for mortality outcomes after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Myung Il Bae, Jae-Kwang Shim, Hye Sun Lee, Soyoung Jeon, Young-Lan Kwak","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1530651","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1530651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) has been widely used as a nutritional metric in patients undergoing cardiac surgery because of its ability to incorporate both nutritional and inflammatory statuses. However, while preoperative PNI is well-known for its predictability of outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the prognostic value of postoperative PNI has rarely been evaluated. This study investigated the changes in postoperative PNI values following off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery using a trajectory analysis method and analyzed its influence on mortality outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the data of 983 patients who underwent OPCAB surgery. PNI values from postoperative days 1, 2, 3, and 1 month was analyzed using the trajectory method, and patients were grouped based on the patterns of change in PNI values. The 1-year and overall mortality rates were compared between PNI trajectory groups. Additionally, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for 1-year all-cause mortality, and multivariable Cox regression analysis was conducted for overall mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The trajectory analysis categorized patients into two groups: the \"PNI-improved group,\" characterized by a sharp increase in PNI values after surgery, and the \"PNI-fixed group,\" which exhibited minimal changes in PNI values. The PNI-improved group had significantly lower 1-year mortality (1.1% vs. 9.5%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and overall mortality (16.9% vs. 42.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) compared to the PNI-fixed group. Furthermore, the multivariable regression analysis indicated that the PNI trajectory pattern was an independent predictor of 1-year mortality (odds ratio: 7.931, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.117-20.180, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and overall mortality (hazard ratio: 2.120, 95% CI: 1.579-2.845, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients who exhibited a significant increase in PNI values during the month following OPCAB surgery experienced significantly lower 1-year and overall mortality rates than those with minimal changes in postoperative PNI values. The PNI recovery pattern was identified as an independent predictor of both 1-year and overall mortality after adjusting confounding factors. Recognizing the recovery patterns of postoperative PNI values after OPCAB surgery may be valuable for screening patients at high risk for mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1530651"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12092210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}