Chao Kang, Yongyao Du, Jiaxin Li, Yi Yang, Jingping Li, Manping Zhou, Jiaojiao Shi, Ning Lin, Xin Ma, Xiaoli Peng
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Diet is a recognized risk factor for cancer. Recently, the role of improving thyroid-related functions through diet has been questioned. This systematic review investigates the relationship between food groups/dietary patterns and thyroid cancer.
Methods: We conducted a systematic search of the literature through April 2025 in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase database following PRISMA guidelines. ORs, HRs or RRs with 95% CIs were extracted as effect sizes and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots. Additionally, we conducted mendelian randomization (MR) analysis by selecting dietary factors (including nutrients) associated with thyroid cancer as exposure data to complement the results of meta-analysis.
Results: We collected data from 16 cohort and 21 case-control studies that met the collection criteria. Meta-analysis found that high consumption of fish and alcohol-containing beverages was associated with a reduced risk of thyroid cancer, whereas consumption of high amounts of refined cereal and nitrates increased thyroid cancer risk (P < 0.05). Our MR analysis data showed that some specific food items, especially seafood (like oily fish) might be the protective factors for thyroid cancer, which strengthen the previous meta-analysis results.
Conclusion: This comprehensive study investigated the relationships between dietary factors and thyroid cancer risk, synthesizing findings from a meta-analysis of observational studies and MR analysis to estimate causal associations. Consistently, both the meta-analysis and MR analysis revealed that consumption of certain types of fish may be linked to a decreased risk of thyroid cancer.
期刊介绍：
No subject pertains more to human life than nutrition. The aim of Frontiers in Nutrition is to integrate major scientific disciplines in this vast field in order to address the most relevant and pertinent questions and developments. Our ambition is to create an integrated podium based on original research, clinical trials, and contemporary reviews to build a reputable knowledge forum in the domains of human health, dietary behaviors, agronomy & 21st century food science. Through the recognized open-access Frontiers platform we welcome manuscripts to our dedicated sections relating to different areas in the field of nutrition with a focus on human health.
Specialty sections in Frontiers in Nutrition include, for example, Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition & Sustainable Diets, Nutrition and Food Science Technology, Nutrition Methodology, Sport & Exercise Nutrition, Food Chemistry, and Nutritional Immunology. Based on the publication of rigorous scientific research, we thrive to achieve a visible impact on the global nutrition agenda addressing the grand challenges of our time, including obesity, malnutrition, hunger, food waste, sustainability and consumer health.
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