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Burst firing represents learned composite stimuli in primary sensory cortices 突发放电是初级感觉皮层习得性复合刺激的表现
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103039
Hongbo Jia , Meng Wang , Janelle M.P. Pakan , Sunny C. Li , Xiaowei Chen
{"title":"Burst firing represents learned composite stimuli in primary sensory cortices","authors":"Hongbo Jia ,&nbsp;Meng Wang ,&nbsp;Janelle M.P. Pakan ,&nbsp;Sunny C. Li ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The primary cortical areas of each sensory modality occupy a significant portion of the mammalian neocortex. Beyond mapping basic sensory features, such as visual object orientation or sound frequency, these regions may play a broader role in sensory processing. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of sensory representations through a unique neuronal firing mode called bursting, with a particular focus on layer 2/3 (L2/3) pyramidal neurons. While maps of single-feature inputs are preserved in primary sensory cortices, individual L2/3 pyramidal neurons receive heterogeneous inputs from multiple basic features. The co-activation of these inputs can induce bursting, forming sparse yet persistent representations of composite sensory stimuli. Unlike basic sensory feature maps, which drift over time, experience-driven bursting patterns in L2/3 remain stable over long periods. Notably, these bursting representations are holistic, as single-featured component stimuli rarely elicit such activity. We propose that these holistic bursting neurons (HB neurons) in L2/3 play a crucial role in integrating sensory experiences, generating durable, sparse, and reliable representations that may serve as building blocks of long-term memory in the complexity of the real-world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103039"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular and genetic mechanisms of plasticity in addiction 成瘾可塑性的分子和遗传机制
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103032
Kasey L. Brida, Jeremy J. Day
{"title":"Molecular and genetic mechanisms of plasticity in addiction","authors":"Kasey L. Brida,&nbsp;Jeremy J. Day","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drugs of abuse result in well-characterized changes in synapse function and number in brain reward regions such as the nucleus accumbens. However, recent reports demonstrate that only a small fraction of neurons in the nucleus accumbens are activated in response to psychostimulants such as cocaine. While these “ensemble” neurons are marked by drug-related transcriptional changes in immediate early genes, the mechanisms that ultimately link these early changes to enduring molecular alterations in the same neurons are less clear. In this review, we 1) describe potential mechanisms underlying regulation of diverse plasticity-related gene programs across drug-activated ensembles, 2) discuss factors conferring ensemble recruitment bias within seemingly homogeneous populations, and 3) speculate on the role of chromatin and epigenetic modifiers in gating metaplastic state transitions that contribute to addiction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143885948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neurotransmitter and neuropeptide regulation of gut immunity 神经递质和神经肽对肠道免疫的调节
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103036
Calvin Wong, Isaac M. Chiu
{"title":"Neurotransmitter and neuropeptide regulation of gut immunity","authors":"Calvin Wong,&nbsp;Isaac M. Chiu","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is increasingly clear that the nervous system and immune system share a common molecular dialogue for intersystem communication. One of the key mechanisms of this communication is via neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Diverse neuronal subtypes interact with various immune cell populations via the release of a wide variety of these neuromodulators that bind to receptors on immune cells. In the gut, this communication occurs via gut-intrinsic enteric neurons, extrinsic sensory and autonomic neurons. Here, we highlight a few key neurotransmitters and neuropeptides that have been shown to play a role in gut inflammation and host defense by acting on immune cells. Aberrations in this communication can lead to disorders including autoimmunity and tissue inflammation. We also discuss the need to better understand the molecular code of neuroimmune communication, which could lead to approaches to improve gut function and health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 103036"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The role of microheterogeneity in cell fate decisions in neural progenitors and neural crest 微异质性在神经祖细胞和神经嵴细胞命运决定中的作用
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103031
Dmitrii Kamenev , Polina Kameneva , Igor Adameyko
{"title":"The role of microheterogeneity in cell fate decisions in neural progenitors and neural crest","authors":"Dmitrii Kamenev ,&nbsp;Polina Kameneva ,&nbsp;Igor Adameyko","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neuroprogenitors must integrate a multitude of signals, including gradients of morphogens, transcriptional programs, and temporal cues to generate an astonishing diversity of cell types inhabiting the nervous system. How do these different layers of information come together to influence cell fate in progenitor cells in a coordinated way? Here we provide a nuanced perspective on cell fate selection in the nervous system and neural crest lineage, suggesting that it is not a straightforward, deterministic process governed by rigid on-off switches. Instead, the process involves probabilistic transitions influenced by small variations - termed “microheterogeneity” - within a progenitor cell population. These minuscule differences between individual neural progenitor cells can result in significantly different outcomes, making certain fates more probable for some cells than others. Here we discuss the diversity of such examples and the theory behind, also providing future perspectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 103031"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
TMC1 and TMC2 function as the mechano-electrical transduction ion channel in hearing TMC1和TMC2在听力中起机电转导离子通道的作用
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103026
Siqi Deng , Zhiqiang Yan
{"title":"TMC1 and TMC2 function as the mechano-electrical transduction ion channel in hearing","authors":"Siqi Deng ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanotransduction within the specialized cochlea hair cells is fundamental to perceiving sound waves. This intricate mechanism converts mechanical vibrations into electrical signals that the brain can interpret as sound. The molecular identity of the mechanoelectrical transducer continues to be a subject of intense debate. Transmembrane channel-like protein 1 (TMC1) was initially recognized as a deafness gene in humans, with subsequent studies revealing the hearing loss phenotype in <em>Tmc1</em> mutant mice. Mechanotransduction currents were lost in the hair cells of <em>Tmc1;Tmc2</em> double knockout mice, indicating the involvement of TMC1/2 in auditory mechanotransduction. Both TMC1/2 are expressed at the tip of stereocilia in hair cells, the subcellular site of auditory mechanotransduction. Notably, recent in vitro studies have overcome long-standing technical barriers that TMC1/2 are not localized to the cell membrane in heterologous expression and provided compelling evidence that TMC1/2 are mechanically gated ion channels, finally fulfilling both the essential and necessary criteria they must meet as sensory transducers. In hair cells, tip-links possibly relay force to TMC1/2 by tether gating or membrane-tension gating, while the molecular mechanisms underlying each gating mechanism require further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103026"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advancing autism research: Insights from brain organoid modeling 推进自闭症研究：来自脑类器官模型的见解
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103030
Chong V. Li , Jürgen A. Knoblich
{"title":"Advancing autism research: Insights from brain organoid modeling","authors":"Chong V. Li ,&nbsp;Jürgen A. Knoblich","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are characterized by a variety of behavioral symptoms and a complex genetic architecture, posing significant challenges in understanding the mechanistic processes underlying their pathology. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms linking genetic variations to the phenotypic outcomes associated with ASD remain elusive. Consistent evidence indicates disruptions in early brain development among individuals with ASD. The advent of brain organoids offers a unique opportunity for uncovering, how brain development changes in ASD patients. Brain organoids are three-dimensional <em>in vitro</em> model systems derived from pluripotent stem cells that recapitulate early human brain development across multiple biological levels. They have become an invaluable tool for studying human-specific brain development processes and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this review, we discuss recent findings using brain organoid technologies to model ASD and discuss, how these new technologies can enhance our understanding of ASD genetics and pathology at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 103030"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Latent mechanisms of plasticity are upregulated during sleep 可塑性的潜在机制在睡眠期间被上调
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103029
Benjamin J. Menarchek, Michelle C.D. Bridi
{"title":"Latent mechanisms of plasticity are upregulated during sleep","authors":"Benjamin J. Menarchek,&nbsp;Michelle C.D. Bridi","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sleep is thought to serve an important role in learning and memory, but the mechanisms by which sleep promotes plasticity remain unclear. Even in the absence of plastic changes in neuronal function, many molecular, cellular, and physiological processes linked to plasticity are upregulated during sleep. Therefore, sleep may be a state in which latent plasticity mechanisms are poised to respond following novel experiences during prior wake. Many of these plasticity-related processes can promote both synaptic strengthening and weakening. Signaling pathways activated during sleep may interact with complements of proteins, determined by the content of prior waking experience, to establish the polarity of plasticity. Furthermore, precise reactivation of neuronal spiking patterns during sleep may interact with ongoing neuromodulatory, dendritic, and network activity to strengthen and weaken synapses. In this review, we will discuss the idea that sleep elevates latent plasticity mechanisms, which drive bidirectional plasticity depending on prior waking experience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103029"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The carotid body oxygen sensor 颈动脉体氧传感器
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103022
Lin Gao , Alejandro Moreno-Domínguez , Patricia Ortega-Sáenz , José López-Barneo
{"title":"The carotid body oxygen sensor","authors":"Lin Gao ,&nbsp;Alejandro Moreno-Domínguez ,&nbsp;Patricia Ortega-Sáenz ,&nbsp;José López-Barneo","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carotid body (CB) chemoreceptor glomus cells sense hypoxia through the inhibition of plasmalemmal K<sup>+</sup> channels, which leads to the opening of Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels, Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx, and neurotransmitter release. The mechanism of O<sub>2</sub> sensing and the regulation of membrane ion channels by O<sub>2</sub> have remained undefined and a subject of debate. Here, we summarize the molecular pathway that underlies acute O<sub>2</sub> sensing in the CB. This process does not rely on a single-molecule O<sub>2</sub> sensor expressed in glomus cells but rather on HIF2α-dependent genetically specialized mitochondria that can detect changes in O<sub>2</sub> tension, within physiological ranges, and generate biochemical signals that regulate membrane ion channels. The acute O<sub>2</sub>-sensing pathway in glomus cells could provide new targets for respiratory and cardiovascular pharmacology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 103022"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Monoaminergic signaling during mammalian NREM sleep - Recent insights and next-level questions 哺乳动物NREM睡眠中的单胺能信号——最近的见解和下一个层次的问题
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103025
Georgios Foustoukos, Anita Lüthi
{"title":"Monoaminergic signaling during mammalian NREM sleep - Recent insights and next-level questions","authors":"Georgios Foustoukos,&nbsp;Anita Lüthi","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Subcortical neuromodulatory activity in the mammalian brain enables flexible wake behaviors, which are essential for survival in an ever-changing external environment. With the suppression of such behaviors in sleep, this activity is, on average, much reduced. Recent discoveries, enabled by unprecedented technical advancements, challenge the long-standing view that monoaminergic systems—noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT)—remain largely inactive during sleep. This review highlights recent technological and scientific progress in this field, summarizing evidence that monoaminergic signaling in the brain supplements sleep with essential wake-related functions. Stress and/or neuropsychiatric conditions negatively impact on monoaminergic signaling, which can lead to sleep disruptions. Furthermore, subcortical neuromodulatory systems are vulnerable to neurodegenerative pathologies, which implies them in sleep disruptions at early stages of disease. We propose that future research will be well-invested in elucidating the spatiotemporal organization, cellular mechanisms, and functional relevance of neuromodulatory dynamics across species, and in identifying the molecular and physiological processes that sustain their integrity throughout the lifespan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 103025"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Choroid plexus: Insights from distinct epithelial cellular components 脉络膜丛：来自不同上皮细胞成分的见解
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103028
Valentina Scarpetta , Kim Hoa Ho , Marleen Trapp , Annarita Patrizi
{"title":"Choroid plexus: Insights from distinct epithelial cellular components","authors":"Valentina Scarpetta ,&nbsp;Kim Hoa Ho ,&nbsp;Marleen Trapp ,&nbsp;Annarita Patrizi","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The choroid plexus (ChP) serves as a vital interface between blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), playing a pivotal role in central nervous system (CNS) development and communication with the body. This review mainly summarizes how the ChP epithelial cells respond to physiological and pathological stimuli, emphasizing the role of distinct organelles and key molecular signaling pathways. Additionally, we discuss the roles of ChP cilia, an evolutionary conserved organelle whose function is still under investigation. Understanding these processes is essential for elucidating how ChP function modulates intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, which are crucial for maintaining CNS and body homeostasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103028"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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