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Aromatase and its role in shaping sex-differentiated brain networks 芳香化酶及其在性别分化脑网络形成中的作用
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103066
Nicholas S. Bourdon , Sarah Y. Dickinson , Joseph F. Bergan
{"title":"Aromatase and its role in shaping sex-differentiated brain networks","authors":"Nicholas S. Bourdon ,&nbsp;Sarah Y. Dickinson ,&nbsp;Joseph F. Bergan","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steroid hormone signaling drives sex-differentiated brain development and function, with the social behavior network (SBN) as a primary site of these differences. Aromatase, densely expressed in the SBN, is essential for estrogen production in the brain, shaping brain organization during development and dynamically regulating neural function and behavior throughout life. This review explores how aromatase-dependent mechanisms establish sex differences at multiple anatomical levels, from gene expression and cellular morphology to brain-wide differences in the connectivity of neural circuits. These structural differences, in cooperation with dynamic estrogen signaling, are thought to mediate sex-differences in social behavior. Advancing our understanding of how aromatase-dependent sex differences shape brain function will require grounding both new and existing findings within the heterogeneous and interconnected circuitry of the SBN.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103066"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Renal interoception: form, function, and open questions 肾内感觉：形式、功能和开放性问题
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103067
Rose Z. Hill
{"title":"Renal interoception: form, function, and open questions","authors":"Rose Z. Hill","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The kidneys filter the blood and balance fluid and electrolytes to keep the composition of the internal environment within the narrow parameters essential for life. A perturbation to the internal state, such as a sudden loss of blood or dehydration, engages autonomic efferent and neuroendocrine pathways to adjust kidney function rapidly and robustly. The mechanisms of these multiorgan pathways are extensively studied. By contrast, the roles of sensory afferent nerves in regulating renal function are just beginning to be understood. In this review, we examine recent advances in understanding the morphology, identity, and functions of the renal sensory nerves that form the first node in the interoceptive pathways that update the kidney on its own internal state. We end by highlighting open questions in the field, influenced by recent work in other areas of interoception neuroscience, and the outstanding gaps in our knowledge of kidney biology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103067"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cardiac vagal motor neurons 心脏迷走神经运动神经元
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103068
Yoko Brigitte Wang , Sandy E. Saunders , John N. Campbell , Carie R. Boychuk
{"title":"Cardiac vagal motor neurons","authors":"Yoko Brigitte Wang ,&nbsp;Sandy E. Saunders ,&nbsp;John N. Campbell ,&nbsp;Carie R. Boychuk","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since their discovery five decades ago, cardiac vagal motor neurons (CVNs) have been studied for their roles in autonomic control of cardiac function. However, it is only within the past decade that our understanding of CVNs has rapidly progressed. Driven by technological advances in neuroscience, novel findings are revealing genetic markers of CVN’s subpopulation in the nucleus ambiguus (CVN<sup>NA</sup>), resolving controversial roles of CVN in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (CVN<sup>DMV</sup>), and dissecting the complexity of CVN-related neural circuitry. The roles of CVNs have also expanded in the mechanisms of disease pathophysiology beyond the typical autonomic disorders, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting CVNs. In this review, we discuss recent advances in CVNs subtypes, neural circuits, and roles in cardiometabolic disease and mental health-related disorders pathophysiology. We also present current challenges and a prospective outlook on the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103068"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ready or not: Neural mechanisms regulating female sexual behavior 准备好了没有：调节女性性行为的神经机制
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103069
Inês C. Dias , Nicolas Gutierrez-Castellanos , Constanze Lenschow , Susana Q. Lima
{"title":"Ready or not: Neural mechanisms regulating female sexual behavior","authors":"Inês C. Dias ,&nbsp;Nicolas Gutierrez-Castellanos ,&nbsp;Constanze Lenschow ,&nbsp;Susana Q. Lima","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Female sexual behavior is essential for reproduction and species survival. It is orchestrated by hormonal and neuronal mechanisms that coordinate sexual maturation, reproductive cycle, and the copulatory sequence, preparing the female for pregnancy. These mechanisms synchronize behavioral receptivity with reproductive capacity, ensuring that copulation occurs during optimal reproductive windows while actively suppressing sexual behavior outside fertile periods.</div><div>This review explores recent advances in neural mechanisms that integrate sensory, hormonal, and social cues in the female brain. We examine the main phases of sexual behavior: appetitive, consummatory, and refractory, focusing on the neural basis of sexual rejection during non-fertile periods. We also discuss studies using intersectional genetics and neural activity analysis to uncover the circuits underlying sexual receptivity and recent findings on how the female brain processes male ejaculation to trigger the refractory period. Altogether, this review sheds light on the orchestration of mating and reproductive readiness in female mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103069"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Novel insights into the mechanisms of growth cone dynamics during axon pathfinding 轴突寻径过程中生长锥动力学机制的新见解
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103073
Isabel Pérez-Ferrer, Eloísa Herrera
{"title":"Novel insights into the mechanisms of growth cone dynamics during axon pathfinding","authors":"Isabel Pérez-Ferrer,&nbsp;Eloísa Herrera","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growth cone (GC), a highly specialized and dynamic structure located at the tip of neuronal axons, plays a pivotal role in directing axon elongation and guidance during the formation of neural circuits. The GC's extraordinary ability to navigate toward target cells in a constantly changing environment relies on intricate mechanisms that operate at multiple levels, including cytoskeletal dynamics, activation of membrane proteins, transcriptional regulation, and local protein translation. These processes are finely coordinated, enabling neurons to respond rapidly to external cues, reach their intended targets, and establish functional connections. Dysregulation of these mechanisms can lead to errors in neuronal wiring, potentially contributing to nervous system disorders. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the regulatory mechanisms that orchestrate GC remodeling during axon pathfinding, with a focus on cytoskeletal components, membrane proteins sensing external cues, transcription factors influencing axonal decisions, and local protein synthesis within the GC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interactions between homeostatic plasticity and statistical learning: A role for inhibition 稳态可塑性与统计学习之间的相互作用：抑制的作用
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103065
Elisa Galliano , Tara Keck
{"title":"Interactions between homeostatic plasticity and statistical learning: A role for inhibition","authors":"Elisa Galliano ,&nbsp;Tara Keck","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Statistical learning, sensory-driven unsupervised learning of repeating patterns, must coexist with ongoing homeostatic plasticity that is responsible for the necessary balance of activity in the brain; however, the mechanisms that facilitate these interactions are not clear. While models of both statistical learning, a form of associative plasticity, and homeostatic plasticity have primarily focused on excitatory cells and their synaptic changes, inhibition may play a key role in facilitating the balance between homeostatic plasticity and statistical learning. Here, we review the inhibitory synaptic, cellular, and network mechanisms underlying homeostatic and associative plasticity in rodents and propose a model in which localized inhibition, provided by diverse interneuron types, supports both statistical learning and homeostatic plasticity, as well as the interactions between them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103065"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microbial regulation of interoception 内感受的微生物调控
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103064
Madhav Subramanian , Christoph A. Thaiss
{"title":"Microbial regulation of interoception","authors":"Madhav Subramanian ,&nbsp;Christoph A. Thaiss","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interoceptive pathways communicate between the body and the brain to coordinate behavioral responses to changes in the internal milieu. An important contributor to the internal milieu of the body is the gastrointestinal microbiome. Here, we conceptualize the role of the microbiome and microbiome-derived metabolites in interoceptive processes that enable homeostasis maintenance. We highlight four key features that make the microbiome a valuable sensory source for interoceptive processes: its capacity to engage canonical sensory pathways, dynamic responsiveness to environmental perturbations, diurnal oscillations aligned with host circadian rhythms, and the selective gating of sensory information through the intestinal barrier. We further explore how microbiome-derived sensory information contributes to homeostasis, imparts valence to events and cues, and serves as a substrate for memory. Collectively, we present a framework for understanding interoceptive dysfunction through the lens of microbiome–host interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103064"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microglia in early brain development: A window of opportunity 早期大脑发育中的小胶质细胞：一个机会之窗
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103062
Clarissa Catale , Sonia Garel
{"title":"Microglia in early brain development: A window of opportunity","authors":"Clarissa Catale ,&nbsp;Sonia Garel","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microglia, brain-resident macrophages, are increasingly recognized for their roles in early brain development, particularly during the prenatal and early postnatal periods. These cells enter the brain during embryogenesis, long before other glial populations fully emerge, and actively shape neural circuits while responding to environmental cues. During this critical window, microglia exhibit a remarkable diversity of states, some resembling those seen in neurodegeneration, suggesting that microglia use shared pathways across life stages. Here, we review emerging insights into how microglial states regulate early neurodevelopment and how their functional diversity influences brain physiology under both normal and immune-challenged conditions. Understanding these state–function relationships not only advances our knowledge of neurodevelopment but also informs potential therapeutic strategies for neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103062"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Targeted cravings: Unraveling the drivers of nutrient-specific appetite 有针对性的渴望：揭示特定营养食欲的驱动因素
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103063
Clare E. Hancock , Binod Aryal , Tianji Ma , Guangyan Wu , Qili Liu
{"title":"Targeted cravings: Unraveling the drivers of nutrient-specific appetite","authors":"Clare E. Hancock ,&nbsp;Binod Aryal ,&nbsp;Tianji Ma ,&nbsp;Guangyan Wu ,&nbsp;Qili Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Feeding behaviors are driven not just by caloric needs but also by nutrient-specific appetites, which guide animals to seek out foods that correct specific nutritional deficiencies and fulfill diverse nutrient requirements. Despite the longstanding behavioral manifestations of nutrient-specific appetites for various nutrients, progress in understanding the underlying mechanisms has been slow. In this review, we summarize the challenges and recent advances in the study of nutrient-specific appetites for macronutrients and micronutrients, focusing on sodium- and protein-specific hunger. We examine central mechanisms that integrate peripheral, interceptive, and internal state signals to drive nutrient-specific preference and ingestion. We also explore conserved features and interactions across different nutrient-specific appetites, and discuss their implications for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103063"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular programs specifying properties and plasticity of parvalbumin interneuron innervation 指定小白蛋白中间神经元神经支配特性和可塑性的分子程序
IF 4.8 2区 医学
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103060
Zeynep Okur, Peter Scheiffele
{"title":"Molecular programs specifying properties and plasticity of parvalbumin interneuron innervation","authors":"Zeynep Okur,&nbsp;Peter Scheiffele","doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conb.2025.103060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parvalbumin-positive (PV) interneurons, a class of fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons, govern gain-control and the timing of neuronal signal propagation in neuronal circuits. With remarkable temporal precision, PV-interneurons rapidly transform an excitatory input signal into a strong inhibitory output. In cortical circuits, this provides critical feedforward and feedback inhibition. Given their important roles and unique functional features in instructing neuronal circuit function, PV-interneurons have served as an excellent model system for uncovering molecular mechanisms underlying the specification of neuronal synapse properties. Moreover, studies on PV-interneurons led to the discovery of novel mechanisms of neuronal plasticity as PV-networks rapidly adapt their connectivity in response to changes in sensory experience and during learning processes. In this review, we will integrate recent work on the distinct synaptic protein complexes that instruct glutamatergic synapse formation onto PV-interneurons and discuss transcriptional programs that dynamically adjust PV-interneuron function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10999,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103060"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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