Astroglial regulation of critical period plasticity in the developing brain

Abstract

Astrocytes emerge as pivotal regulators of brain plasticity during critical periods (CPs) of development. Beyond their traditional roles in supporting neuronal function, astrocytes actively shape synaptic circuits maturation and remodeling during postnatal experience-dependent plasticity. Through mechanisms such as regulation of the extracellular matrix or synaptic pruning, astrocytes influence the timing and extent of plasticity across sensory and cognitive systems. These processes have been demonstrated in various animal models and forms of plasticity, indicating that these glial cells play a conserved role across species. Such findings unveil the dynamic and central role of astrocytes in coordinating the complex interplay between neural circuits and external stimuli during critical windows of brain development.