工程技术最新文献

{"title":"Aspergillus oryzae PrtR alters transcription of individual peptidase genes in response to the growth environment.","authors":"Rika Numazawa, Yukako Tanaka, Sawako Nishioka, Ryotaro Tsuji, Hiroshi Maeda, Mizuki Tanaka, Michio Takeuchi, Youhei Yamagata","doi":"10.1007/s00253-023-12833-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-023-12833-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aspergillus oryzae PrtR is an ortholog of the transcription factor PrtT, which positively regulates the transcription of extracellular peptidase genes in Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus. To identify the genes under the control of PrtR and elucidate its regulatory mechanism in A. oryzae, prtR gene disruption mutants were generated. The control strain clearly showed a halo on media containing skim milk as the nitrogen source, whereas the ΔprtR strain formed a smaller halo. Measurement of acid peptidase activity revealed that approximately 84% of acidic endopeptidase and 86% of carboxypeptidase activities are positively regulated by PrtR. As the transcription of the prtR gene varied depending on culture conditions, especially with or without a protein substrate, it was considered that its transcription would be regulated in response to a nitrogen source. In addition, contrary to previous expectations, PrtR was found to act both in promoting and repressing the transcription of extracellular peptidase genes. The mode of regulation varied from gene to gene. Some genes were regulated in the same manner in both liquid and solid cultures, whereas others were regulated in different ways depending on the culture conditions. Furthermore, PrtR has been suggested to regulate the transcription of peptidase genes that are closely associated with other transcription factors. KEY POINTS: • Almost all peptidase genes in Aspergillus oryzae are positively regulated by PrtR • However, several genes are regulated negatively by PrtR • PrtR optimizes transcription of peptidase genes in response to culture conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"108 1","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10781853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139416180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome analysis reveals the intestinal microbiota characteristics and potential impact of Procambarus clarkii.","authors":"Ming Xu, Fulong Li, Xiaoli Zhang, Baipeng Chen, Yi Geng, Ping Ouyang, Defang Chen, Liangyu Li, Xiaoli Huang","doi":"10.1007/s00253-023-12914-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-023-12914-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intestinal microbiota interacts with the host and plays an important role in the immune response, digestive physiology, and regulation of body functions. In addition, it is also well documented that the intestinal microbiota of aquatic animals are closely related to their growth rate. However, whether it resulted in different sizes of crayfish in the rice-crayfish coculture model remained vague. Here, we analyzed the intestinal microbiota characteristics of crayfish of three sizes in the same typical rice-crayfish coculture field by high-throughput sequencing technology combined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme activity, investigating the relationship between intestinal microbiota in crayfish and water and sediments. The results showed that the dominant intestinal microbiota of crayfish was significantly different between the large size group (BS), normal size group (NS), and small size group (SS), where Bacteroides and Candidatus_Bacilloplasma contributed to the growth of crayfish by facilitating food digestion through cellulolysis, which might be one of the potential factors affecting the difference in sizes. Follow-up experiments confirmed that the activity of lipase (LPS) and protease was higher in BS, and the relative expression of development-related genes, including alpha-amylase (α-AMY), myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2a (MEF2a), glutathione reductase (GR), chitinase (CHI), and ecdysone receptor (EcR), in BS was significantly higher than that in SS. These findings revealed the intestinal microbiota characteristics of crayfish of different sizes and their potential impact on growth, which is valuable for managing and manipulating the intestinal microbiota in crayfish to achieve high productivity in practice. KEY POINTS: • Significant differences in the dominant microflora of BS, NS, and SS in crayfish. • Cellulolysis might be a potential factor affecting different sizes in crayfish. • Adding Bacteroides and Candidatus_Bacilloplasma helped the growth of crayfish.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"108 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10781845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139416186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2024.2321017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2024.2321017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"52 1","pages":"130"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139929777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dodecafluoropentane emulsion as an oxygen therapeutic.","authors":"Jennifer L H Johnson, Evan Unger","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2024.2402908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2024.2402908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe) is a fluorocarbon (FC) under clinical development as an oxygen therapeutic and is regulated as a blood substitute. Compared to all the prior FCs studied, DDFP is the most advantageous for oxygen delivery and it is active at a lower concentration (1/200th to 1/1000th the weight of other FCs). DDFP has a boiling point of 29 °C, is more water soluble than prior FCs, and following IV administration clears <i>via</i> exhalation. Prior FCs had boiling points ≥ 140 °C and were retained long-term in the body causing adverse events. DDFP is a gas at biological temperature while prior FCs were liquids. Gases deliver roughly 1000 times more oxygen than liquids. DDFPe has two mechanisms of action: (1) The size of the molecule is the smallest that is a liquid at room temperature; on a molar volume basis this equates to more dissolution of oxygen. (2) Because of its boiling point close to physiologic temperature, DDFP delivers oxygen more effectively than liquid FCs.Highlight PointsFluorocarbons (FCs) dissolve oxygen and other respirable gases.FC emulsions generally do not have biological effects of and by themselves, but rather they increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.There are a variety of FCs that were developed in the past as blood substitutes but they all caused accumulation in humans leading to toxic responses.Dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe) is being developed as an oxygen therapeutic to increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood and oxygen delivery to tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"52 1","pages":"462-475"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CALIPSO-based aerosol extinction profile estimation from MODIS and MERRA-2 data using a hybrid model of Transformer and CNN.","authors":"Yang Zhen, Xin Yang, Hong Tang, Haoze Shi, Zeping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acquiring aerosol vertical distribution information is crucial to accurately quantify the aerosol radiation effect on climate and understand the environmental pollution mechanism of the atmosphere. Passive remote sensing has shown its capability to gain large-scale, high spatiotemporal resolution aerosol vertical information such as aerosol layer height (ALH). However, it is still challenging to extract detailed aerosol vertical distribution information, e.g., aerosol extinction profile (AEP), from passive observations. To fill this gap, this study proposed a hybrid model of Transformer and convolutional neural network (CNN) to estimate the AEP from passive multispectral remote sensing (MODIS) measurements with the aid of three-dimensional reanalysis data (MERRA-2). Specifically, the model is learned to estimate the AEP, which is called AproNet, by using the active space-borne lidar (CALIPSO) data as supervised information. Besides, we design a shape invariant loss (SIL) to better capture the shape characteristics of the AEP and incorporate an auxiliary scene awareness loss (SAL) to enhance the model's generalization capacity and physical reliability outside the CALIPSO orbit. The extensive quantitative experiments show that the AEPs estimated by the proposed model agree well with the CALIPSO measurements with an overall performance of IOA=0.821, R=0.800, MAE= 0.014, and RMSE= 0.041, respectively. Qualitative comparisons also demonstrate the model's reliability in estimating the aerosol three-dimensional spatial distribution. Independent year test and comparisons with ground-based lidar measurements further indicate the robustness of the proposed model despite some degradation in performance. However, the incompleteness and uncertainty of the CALIOP products limited the performance of the proposed model to some extent. In the future, the model needs to be further physically constrained and strengthened with more data sources to improve reliability. In general, this study paves the way for acquiring aerosol extinction profiles with high spatiotemporal resolution over a large geographical space.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":" ","pages":"176423"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fed-batch production of mannosylerythritol lipids by Ustilago maydis DSM 4500 from hydrophilic carbon sources.","authors":"André D Valkenburg, George M Teke, Robert W M Pott, Eugéne van Rensburg","doi":"10.1007/s00449-024-03084-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-024-03084-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycolipids are a class of widely studied biosurfactants with excellent applicability in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. This class of biosurfactants includes mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs), which have gained particular interest due to their moisturizing and healing activity for dry and damaged human skin, arising from conditions such as eczema. Traditionally, MELs have been produced by growing certain basidiomycetous yeasts on vegetable oils. However, oils are a comparatively expensive substrate, which negatively affects the economic performance of MEL production. In addition to this, vegetable oils significantly complicate the downstream processing required to produce a product with the required purity for most applications. To address these challenges, this study investigated MEL-A production exclusively from hydrophilic carbon sources by Ustilago maydis DSM 4500. By implementing a fed-batch production strategy, maximum MEL-A concentration of 0.87 g/L was achieved from glucose exclusively. Also, adding micronutrients (such as MnSO₄) to MEL-A production showed a 24.1% increase in the product titer, implying other metabolites are formed, favoring MEL production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"2043-2054"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11470959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142280166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organotin exposure and DNA methylation in non-syndromic cleft lip and palate: Integrating findings from case-control studies and animal experiments.","authors":"Yongyan Chen, Qianhui Cheng, Sainan Li, Lei Jin, Zhiwen Li, Aiguo Ren, Linlin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human exposure to organotin is common but little is known about the adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to explore the association between organotin exposure and the risk of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) and to explore the underlying mechanism. Placental samples (109 NSCL/P cases and 128 controls) were analyzed for 8 organotin concentrations, and subsequent animal experiments were conducted by administering tributyltin (TBT) during critical developmental periods. DNA methylation BeadChip analysis (12 NSCL/P and 12 controls), bisulfite Sequencing analysis (3 NSCL/P and 3 controls mice), and RNA sequencing were performed to explore epigenetic mechanisms. Logistic regression, LASSO regression, support vector machine, random forest, and mediation effect analysis were utilized to identify key genes related to TBT and NSCL/P. Only tributyltin met the detection criteria for further analysis among 8 compounds. The median levels of TBT in cases (8.93 ng/g) were statistically significantly higher than those in controls (5.33 ng/g). Excessive TBT exposure in maternal placenta was associated with an increased risk of NSCL/P (OR = 6.44, 95 % CI, 2.91-14.25) in humans, showing a dose-response relationship (p for trend <0.05). 288 differentially methylated CpG sites in 129 genes were identified between cases and controls. Tributyltin was associated with FGFR2 and SCD hypomethylation, which were identified as potential key genes associated with NSCL/P. Mediation analysis suggested that DNA methylation of FGFR2 and SCD may mediate the impact of TBT on NSCL/P occurrence. TBT exposure during the critical period in mice (GD8.5-GD15.5) can induce progeny NSCL/P. Altered FGFR2 and SCD hypomethylation and gene expression observed in response to TBT exposure in fetal mice. Excessive TBT exposure was associated with increased risks of human NSCL/P. TBT exposure can induce NSCL/P in fetal mice. FGFR2 and SCD were implicated in NSCL/P pathogenesis, potentially mediated by DNA methylation alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"954 ","pages":"176214"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of anthropogenic activities on atmospheric chlorinated paraffins in Ghana using polyurethane foam disk - passive air sampler.","authors":"William Ekow Arko, Shizhen Zhao, Jianchu Ma, Lele Tian, Kwadwo Ansong Asante, Daniel Kwaku Amoah, Shihua Qi, Gan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are a global concern due to their high production, ubiquity in the environment and potential toxicity. In Ghana, there is a significant research gap on the concentration and sources of CPs in the air, as well as insufficient regular monitoring programs to track CP levels over time. This study utilized polyurethane foam-based passive air samplers (PUF-PAS) to examine the concentrations, sources and potential human health risks of CPs in the atmosphere surrounding e-waste sites, urban areas, commercial areas and control/background areas in Ghana. The medium-chain CPs (MCCPs) dominated with an average concentration of 26.0 ± 40.1 ng/m³ and ranged from 1.78 to 240 ng/m³. Short-chain CPs (SCCPs) ranged from 0.05 to 15.2 ng/m³ and had an average concentration of 3.48 ± 3.99 ng/m³. The very short-chain CPs (C9-CPs), had an average concentration of 0.544 ± 0.524 ng/m³ and ranged from 0.091 to 2.14 ng/m³. MCCPs exceeded SCCPs by a factor of 7.5 and C9-CPs by a factor of 48. C₁₄Cl₈ was the dominant congener in MCCPs and C₁₀Cl₇ was also the dominant congener in SCCPs. E-waste was the main contributor to SCCPs and MCCPs (>30 %) in Ghana. The assessed non-cancer risks associated with CP exposure were within acceptable ranges. For cancer risk, MCCPs indicated high potential health risk but C9-CPs and SCCPs showed low risk. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on CPs in Ghana's atmosphere, and e-waste was identified as the country's main source of CPs. This study will help regulatory bodies create policies and procedures to control the use and disposal of chlorinated paraffins.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"954 ","pages":"176252"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term biochar and soil organic carbon stability - Evidence from field experiments in Germany.","authors":"Arthur Gross, Tobias Bromm, Steven Polifka, Daniel Fischer, Bruno Glaser","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organic soil amendments (OSA) with long residence times, such as biochar, have a high potential for soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. The highly aromatic structure of biochar reduces microbial decomposition and explains the slow turnover of biochar, indicating long persistence in soils and thus potential SOC sequestration. However, there is a lack of data on biochar-induced SOC sequestration in the long-term and under field conditions. We sampled two long-term field experiments in Germany, where biochar was applied 12 and 14 years ago. Both locations differ in soil characteristics and in the types and amounts of biochar and other OSA. Amendments containing compost and 31.5 Mg ha^-1 of biochar on a loamy soil led to a SOC stock increase of 38 Mg ha^-1 after OSA addition. The additional increase is due to non-biochar co-amendments such as compost or biogas digestate. After eleven years, this SOC stock increase was still stable. High biochar amount additions of 40 Mg ha^-1 combined with biogas digestate, compost or synthetic fertilizer on a sandy soil led to an increase of SOC stocks of 61 Mg ha^-1; 38 Mg ha^-1 dissipated in the following four years most likely due to lacking physical protection of the coarse soil material, and after nine years the biochar-amended soils showed only slightly higher SOC stocks (+7 Mg ha^-1) than the control. Black carbon stocks on the same soil increased in the short- and mid-term and decreased almost to the original stock levels after nine years. Our results indicate that in most cases the long-term effect on SOC and black carbon stocks is controlled by biochar quality and amount, while non-biochar co-amendments can be neglected. This study proves that SOC sequestration through the use of biochar is possible, especially in loamy soils, while non-biochar OSA cannot sequester SOC in the long term.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"954 ","pages":"176340"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiesel production, calcium recovery, and adsorbent synthesis using dairy sludge.","authors":"Shakya Abeysinghe, Won-Gune Jeong, Eilhann E Kwon, Kitae Baek","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dairy sludge (DS) consists of organic compounds such as lipids and valuable inorganic elements. Biodiesel recovery from dairy sludge extract (DSE), using conventional acid (trans)esterification yielded only 16.5 wt%. In contrast, non-catalytic (trans)esterification generated a substantially higher biodiesel yield of approximately 74.0 wt% due to the method's tolerance for impurities. Defatted dairy sludge (DDS) contained a higher Ca concentration than DS. DDS-produced biochar (DDSB) increased its Ca concentration predominantly in the form of CaO. 91.1% of the Ca was recovered from the DDSB containing Ca. The Ca remaining in the biochar residue (DDSBR) after Ca recovery was in the form of CaCO₃. The porous structure developed as the Ca dissolved, implying that DDSBR could be an effective pollutant adsorbent. In this study, a method is proposed to maximize the utilization of DS by producing biodiesel, recovering Ca content, and using it as a pollutant adsorbent.</p>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":" ","pages":"131494"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142338117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}