Proceedings of the Combustion Institute最新文献

{"title":"Influence of NOx chemistry on the prediction of natural gas end-gas autoignition in CFD engine simulations","authors":"Diego Bestel,&nbsp;Daniel Olsen,&nbsp;Anthony Marchese,&nbsp;Bret Windom","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Natural gas (NG) represents a promising low-cost/low-emission alternative to diesel fuel when used in high-efficiency internal combustion engines. Advanced combustion strategies utilizing high </span>EGR<span> rates and controlled end-gas autoignition<span> can be implemented with NG to achieve diesel-like efficiencies; however, to support the design of these next-generation NG ICEs, computational tools, including single- and multi-dimensional simulation packages will need to account for the complex chemistry that can occur between the reactive species found in EGR (including NOx) and the fuel. Research has shown that NOx plays an important role in the promotion/inhibition of large hydrocarbon autoignition and when accounted for in CFD engine simulations, can significantly improve the prediction of end-gas autoignition for these fuels. However, reduced NOx-enabled NG mechanisms for use in CFD engine simulations are lacking, and as a result, the influence of NOx chemistry on </span></span></span>NG engine<span><span> operation remains unknown. Here, we analyze the effects of NOx chemistry on the prediction of NG/oxidizer/EGR autoignition and generate a reduced mechanism of a suitable size to be used in engine simulations. Results indicate that NG ignition is sensitive to NOx chemistry, where it was observed that the addition of EGR, which included NOx, promoted NG autoignition. The modified mechanism captured well all trends and closely matched experimentally measured ignition delay<span> times for a wide range of EGR rates and NG compositions. The importance of C2-C3 chemistry is noted, especially for wet NG compositions containing high fractions of ethane and propane. Finally, when utilized in CFD simulations of a Cooperative Fuels Research (CFR) engine, the new reduced mechanism was able to predict the knock onset </span></span>crank angle (KOCA) to within one crank angle degree of experimental data, a significant improvement compared to previous simulations without NOx chemistry.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"39 4","pages":"Pages 4861-4870"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2314800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of flame response asymmetries on the modal patterns and collective states of a can-annular lean-premixed combustion system","authors":"Yu Guan ,&nbsp;Larry K.B. Li ,&nbsp;Hyunwook Jegal ,&nbsp;Kyu Tae Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2022.08.095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.08.095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>We experimentally study the effect of rotational asymmetries in the flame response distribution on the thermoacoustic oscillations of four turbulent lean-premixed combustors coupled in a ring network. The asymmetries are created via different combinations of high-swirl (HS) and low-swirl (LS) nozzles. By analyzing the inter-combustor acoustic interactions in terms of discrete thermoacoustic modes, we find a variety of modal patterns: (i) global alternating push–pull modes emerge for most pair-wise asymmetric nozzle combinations, (ii) 2-can push–pull modes emerge for an alternating 2-fold symmetric nozzle combination, and (iii) strong mode </span>localization<span> and global push–push modes emerge when the HS nozzles outnumber the LS nozzles. Using a complex systems framework, we reinterpret these modal patterns as collective states, such as a weak breathing chimera, a weak anti-phase chimera, and in-phase/anti-phase synchronization. This study shows that changing the flame response distribution of a multi-combustor system, via changes in the nozzle swirl distribution, can induce a variety of modal patterns and collective states. This sets the stage for the potential use of rotational asymmetries in the passive control of thermoacoustic modes in can-annular combustion systems.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"39 4","pages":"Pages 4731-4739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2314882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and kinetic modeling study of α-methylnaphthalene laminar flame speeds","authors":"Andrea Nobili ,&nbsp;Luna Pratali Maffei ,&nbsp;Matteo Pelucchi ,&nbsp;Marco Mehl ,&nbsp;Alessio Frassoldati ,&nbsp;Andrea Comandini ,&nbsp;Nabiha Chaumeix","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2022.08.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.08.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>α-Methylnaphthalene (AMN) is the primary reference bicyclic aromatic compound of diesel, and it is commonly used as a component of diesel, kerosene and jet-fuel surrogates formulated to describe real fuel combustion kinetics. However, few experimental data on neat AMN combustion are available in the literature. This work provides the first measurements of laminar flame speed profiles of AMN/air mixtures at 1 bar varying the initial temperature from 425 to 484 K, and equivalence ratio (φ) between 0.8 and 1.35 paving the way for the kinetic study of AMN combustion chemistry at high temperatures (&gt;1800 K). The experimental data obtained in a spherical reactor are compared with kinetic model simulations. Specifically, the AMN kinetics is implemented from its analogous monocyclic aromatic compound, i.e., toluene, through the analogy and rate rule approach. This method allows to develop kinetic mechanisms of large species from the kinetics of smaller ones characterized by analogous chemical features, namely the aromaticity and the methyl functionality in the case of toluene and AMN. In doing so, it is possible to overcome the need of high-level electronic structure calculations for the evaluation of rate constants, as their computational cost increases exponentially with the number of heavy atoms of the selected species. To assess the validity of this approach, ab initio calculations are performed to derive the rate constants of the H-atom abstraction reactions by H, OH and CH₃ radicals from both toluene and AMN. The kinetic model obtained satisfactorily agrees with the measured laminar flame speed profiles. Sensitivity and flux analyses are performed to investigate similarities and differences between the main reaction channels of toluene and AMN combustion, with the former leading to ∼6 cm/s faster flame speed at almost identical conditions (P=1 bar, T∼425 K), as evidenced by both kinetic model simulations and experimental findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"39 1","pages":"Pages 243-251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3032923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of turbulence on flame brush development of acoustically excited rod-stabilized flames","authors":"Ashwini Karmarkar,&nbsp;Jacqueline O’Connor","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Coherent structures, such as those arising from hydrodynamic<span> instabilities or excited by thermoacoustic oscillations, can significantly impact flame structure and, consequently, the nature of heat release. The focus of this work is to study how coherent oscillations of varying amplitudes can impact the growth of the flame brush in a bluff-body stabilized flame and how this impact is influenced by the </span></span>free stream<span><span><span> turbulence intensity<span> of the flow approaching the bluff body. We do this by providing external acoustic excitation at the natural frequency of vortex shedding to simulate a highly-coupled </span></span>thermoacoustic instability, and we vary the in-flow turbulence intensity using perforated plates upstream of the flame. We use high-speed stereoscopic </span>particle image velocimetry<span> to obtain the three-component velocity field and we use the Mie-scattering images to quantify the behavior of the flame edge. Our results show that in the low-turbulence conditions, presence of high-amplitude acoustic excitation can cause the flame brush to exhibit a step-function growth, indicating that the presence of strong vortical structures close to the flame can suppress flame brush growth. This impact is strongly dependent on the in-flow turbulence intensity and the flame brush development in conditions with higher levels of in-flow turbulence are minimally impacted by increasing amplitudes of acoustic excitation. These findings suggest that the sensitivity of the flow and flame to high-amplitude coherent oscillations is a strong function of the in-flow turbulence intensity.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"39 2","pages":"Pages 2139-2148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3035090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical analysis of detonation wave structure","authors":"Mark D. Frederick ,&nbsp;Rohan M. Gejji ,&nbsp;Joseph E. Shepherd ,&nbsp;Carson D. Slabaugh","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2022.08.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.08.054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrocarbon fueled detonations are imaged in a narrow channel with simultaneous schlieren and broadband chemiluminescence at 5 MHz. Mixtures of stoichiometric methane and oxygen are diluted with various levels of nitrogen and argon to alter the detonation stability. Ethane is added in controlled amounts to methane, oxygen, nitrogen mixtures to simulate the effects of high-order hydrocarbons present in natural gas. Sixteen unique mixtures are characterized by performing statistical analysis on data extracted from the images. The leading shock front of the schlieren images is detected and the normal velocity is calculated at all points along the front. Probability distribution functions of the lead shock speed are generated for all cases and the moments of distribution are computed. A strong correlation is found between mixture instability parameters and the variance and skewness of the probability distribution; mixtures with greater instability have larger skewness and variance. This suggests a quantitative alternative to soot foil analysis for experimentally characterizing the extent of detonation instability. The schlieren and chemiluminescence images are used to define an effective chemical length scale as the distance between the shock front and maximum intensity location along the chemiluminescence front. Joint probability distribution functions of shock speed and chemical length scale enable statistical characterization of coupling between the leading shock and following reaction zone. For more stable, argon dilute mixtures, it is found that the joint distributions follow the trend of the quasi-steady reaction zone. For unstable, nitrogen diluted mixtures, the distribution only follows the quasi-steady solution during high-speed portions of the front. The addition of ethane is shown to have a stabilizing effect on the detonation, consistent with computed instability parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"39 3","pages":"Pages 2847-2854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2372792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of self-excited tangential combustion instability for an MMH/NTO rocket combustor","authors":"Wei Chu,&nbsp;Kangkang Guo,&nbsp;Yiheng Tong,&nbsp;Xiuqian Li,&nbsp;Wansheng Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>This study presented the numerical simulation of the tangential combustion instability in a hypergolic liquid bipropellant rocket thrust chamber, which applied fuel liquid film cooling method and unlike impinging injectors<span>. The liquid spray was modeled using Lagrangian approach, while the gas was regarded as Euler phase. Stress-blended eddy simulation and finite rate/eddy–dissipation model were adopted to simulate the turbulent </span></span>combustion process<span>. Consistent with the experiment results, this work successfully simulated the transformation of tangential combustion instability from standing mode to spinning mode. The mean pressure, amplitude and frequency of limit cycle oscillation were in good agreement with the experiment. There was a detailed analysis about the flow field, Rayleigh index, and driving mechanism of the combustion instability. It was found that the oscillation began with hot spots of heat release rate due to the interaction between the spray of impinging injectors and cooling fuel jet. More than that, cooling fuel jet also contributed to drive the oscillation. In the standing mode, injectors in the inner and outer rings drive the oscillation together, while the spinning mode is mainly driven by injectors in the outer ring. The pressure wave is subsonic and its </span></span>Mach number<span> is close to 1. It was shown that the pressure wave contained a complex structure divided into three parts. This led to the in-phase of the pressure along the axial direction<span> and the double-peak characteristic of the downstream pressure signal. Besides, a positive feedback closed-loop system associated with periodic oxidizer/fuel ratio was believed to sustain the combustion instability. The oscillation can be maintained when pressure, heat release and oxidizer/fuel ratio are coupled together. The analysis results indicate that rotating detonation is an implication to tangential combustion instability.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"39 4","pages":"Pages 5053-5061"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1522322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoacoustic response of fully compressible counterflow diffusion flames to acoustic perturbations","authors":"Matthew X. Yao ,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Hickey ,&nbsp;Guillaume Blanquart","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2022.08.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.08.064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The goal of this research is to study the thermoacoustic response of diffusion flames due to their relevance in applications such as </span>rocket engines<span>. An in-house code is extended to solve the fully compressible counterflow<span> diffusion flame equations, allowing for a spatially- and temporally-varying pressure field. Various hydrogen-air flames with a range of strain rates<span><span> are simulated using detailed chemistry. After introducing sinusoidal pressure perturbations at the inlet, the gain and phase of various quantities of interest are extracted. As the frequency is increased, the gain of the temperature source term transitions from the perturbed steady </span>flamelet<span><span> value to a first plateau at intermediate frequencies, and finally to a second plateau at the highest frequencies. At these high frequencies, the gain of the integrated heat release decays to zero, underscoring the importance of compressibility<span>. These three regimes can be identified and explained through a linearization and frequency domain analysis of the governing equations. The validity of the </span></span>low Mach number assumption and importance of detailed chemistry are assessed.</span></span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"39 4","pages":"Pages 4711-4719"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2954902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic low-order modelling of hydrogen autoignition in a turbulent non-premixed flow","authors":"Salvatore Iavarone ,&nbsp;Savvas Gkantonas ,&nbsp;Epaminondas Mastorakos","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Autoignition risk in initially non-premixed flowing systems, such as premixing ducts, must be assessed to help the development of low-NO_x systems and hydrogen combustors. Such situations may involve randomly fluctuating inlet conditions that are challenging to model in conventional mixture-fraction-based approaches. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based surrogate modelling strategy is presented here for fast and accurate predictions of the stochastic autoignition behaviour of a hydrogen flow in a hot air turbulent co-flow. The variability of three input parameters, i.e., inlet fuel and air temperatures and average wall temperature, is first sampled via a space-filling design. For each sampled set of conditions, the CFD modelling of the flame is performed via the Incompletely Stirred Reactor Network (ISRN) approach, which solves the reacting flow governing equations in post-processing on top of a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of the inert hydrogen plume. An accurate surrogate model, namely a Gaussian Process, is then trained on the ISRN simulations of the burner, and the final quantification of the variability of autoignition locations is achieved by querying the surrogate model via Monte Carlo sampling of the random input quantities. The results are in agreement with the observed statistics of the autoignition locations. The methodology adopted in this work can be used effectively to quantify the impact of fluctuations and assist the design of practical combustion systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"39 4","pages":"Pages 5199-5208"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3400237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ignition of hexane-air mixtures by highly under-expanded hot jets","authors":"Yunliang Qi,&nbsp;Joseph E. Shepherd","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>We report an experimental study of ignition of flammable mixtures by highly unexpanded, supersonic hot jets. The high-pressure, hot-gas reservoir supplying the jet is created by impacting a projectile on a plunger to rapidly compress and ignite a rich n-hexane/air mixture, resulting in a peak reservoir pressure<span><span><span> of more than 20 MPa. A locking mechanism was used to prevent the plunger from rebounding and the jet was created by rupturing a diaphragm covering a nozzle with an exit diameter between 0.25 and 1 mm. The jet development and ignition processes in the main chamber filled with hexane-air mixture were visualized using high-speed </span>schlieren and OH* </span>chemiluminescence imaging. The ignition threshold was determined as a function of composition in the jet and main chamber, the nozzle diameter, and the initial pressure in the main chamber. Unlike the case of subsonic jets in which ignition occurs at the shear layer near the </span></span>nozzle exit, ignition of combustion in the main chamber was found to take place downstream of the Mach disk terminating the supersonic expansion and within the turbulent mixing region created by the startup of the supersonic jet. The results are interpreted using a constant-pressure, well-stirred reactor model simulating the mixing between the hot jet and cold ambient gas. The critical conditions for ignition are determined by the competition between energy release due to chemical reactions initiated by the hot jet gas and cooling due to mixing with the cold chamber atmosphere. The critical value (maximum for which ignition occurs) of the mixing rate was computed using a detailed chemical reaction model and found to be a useful qualitative guide to our observations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"39 3","pages":"Pages 2979-2990"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3400240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct numerical simulation of flame-wall interaction at gas turbine relevant conditions","authors":"Kai Niemietz ,&nbsp;Lukas Berger ,&nbsp;Michael Huth ,&nbsp;Antonio Attili ,&nbsp;Heinz Pitsch","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2022.09.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.09.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>A direct numerical simulation<span> (DNS) with finite rate chemistry was performed to evaluate the main influences on carbon monoxide (CO) emissions in </span></span>gas turbine combustion<span><span>. A lean methane/air mixture is burned in fully turbulent jet flames in a domain enclosed by isothermal<span> walls. The formation of CO is found to be affected by the mean strain rate of<span> the turbulent flow, the flame-wall interaction (FWI), and the interactions of the flame with the recirculation zones of the flow. The CO production and consumption in the turbulent flame differ strongly from the reaction rates in a freely propagating flame. In the upstream part of the domain, the mean strain rate of the turbulent flow mainly affects the CO formation, while wall heat loss influences the CO </span></span></span>oxidation process<span> towards the end of the domain, where the strain rate decreases. In an optimal estimator analysis, the relevant parameters that dominate the formation and consumption of CO are identified as the local CO mass fraction </span></span></span><span><math><msub><mi>Y</mi><mtext>CO</mtext></msub></math></span>, the wall heat loss, described by the enthalpy defect <span><math><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><mi>h</mi></mrow></math></span>, and the mass fraction of the OH radical <span><math><msub><mi>Y</mi><mtext>OH</mtext></msub></math></span>. The heat loss is particularly influential close to the wall while the effects far from the wall are negligible. Using the local CO mass fraction as parameter describes the late-stage oxidation of CO well in the entire domain. In particular, <span><math><msub><mi>Y</mi><mtext>CO</mtext></msub></math></span> should not be neglected at the wall. <span><math><msub><mi>Y</mi><mtext>OH</mtext></msub></math></span> is well suited to describe the processes involved in CO oxidation, as it both parameterizes the turbulent strain and is the main reaction partner for CO oxidation. The combination of <span><math><msub><mi>Y</mi><mtext>CO</mtext></msub></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><mi>h</mi></mrow></math></span> was able to improve the domain-averaged irreducible error by almost half compared to only a progress variable. Adding <span><math><msub><mi>Y</mi><mtext>OH</mtext></msub></math></span> to the parameter set further reduced the error to 25% of the original error.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"39 2","pages":"Pages 2209-2218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3402382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}