Proceedings of the Combustion Institute最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of flamelet/progress variable methods for supersonic combustion","authors":"Alexandra Baumgart ,&nbsp;Matthew X. Yao ,&nbsp;Guillaume Blanquart","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2025.105798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proci.2025.105798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tabulated chemistry models, including the flamelet/progress variable approach, have been successfully used for a variety of turbulent flame simulations. The progress variable describes the progress of reactions in a system and parameterizes a lookup table of thermochemical variables. This approach reduces the cost of simulations, transporting only one scalar (progress variable) instead of the many species mass fractions required for detailed chemistry. Originally developed for low Mach number flame simulations, recent works have focused on extensions of this approach to compressible flames, supersonic combustion, and detonations, with applications such as scramjet combustors and rotating detonation engines. Unlike low Mach simulations, compressible flow simulations require solving the energy transport equation, which is coupled to the equation of state. This leads to additional modeling challenges regarding the thermodynamics and its impact on the chemistry. The validity of modeling assumptions, for example the relationship between energy and temperature, also varies with the combustion regime. The present work provides a detailed assessment of the existing strategies for chemistry tabulation for compressible/supersonic combustion, including detonations. A priori analysis indicates that approximations which are reasonable for weakly compressible flames may break down for shock-induced combustion. The analysis identifies specific assumptions and approximations that do not hold for detonations, emphasizing that care must be taken when applying tabulated chemistry models outside their intended combustion regimes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 105798"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IR-HyChem: Towards modeling the high-T combustion behavior of aviation fuels using infrared spectra","authors":"Pujan Biswas,&nbsp;Vivek Boddapati,&nbsp;Andrew R. Klingberg,&nbsp;Alka Panda,&nbsp;Hai Wang,&nbsp;Ronald K. Hanson","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2025.105792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proci.2025.105792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra-based approach, namely IR-HyChem, was developed to model the combustion behavior of jet and rocket fuels. Earlier shock-tube experiments employed laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) to measure the yields of key stable intermediates: CH₄, C₂H₄, and &gt;C₂ alkenes such as C₃H₆, 1-C₄H₈ and <em>i</em>-C₄H₈, during the pyrolysis of neat hydrocarbons across several molecular classes (<em>n</em>-alkanes, lightly branched alkanes and highly branched alkanes). These measurements revealed empirical relations of molecular structure to the yields of these intermediates. The relationships provided important insights into fuel reactivity under high-temperature, combustor-relevant conditions. The IR-HyChem methodology establishes quantitative correlations between spectral features and the yields of these pyrolysis intermediates. Using this framework, IR-HyChem models were demonstrated for two jet fuels (JP-8 and F-24) and a rocket fuel (RP-1), by constraining a subset of stoichiometric parameters in the HyChem lumped reactions, resulting in partially constrained IR-HyChem models. These models were evaluated against ignition delay times (IDTs) measured behind reflected shock waves at elevated pressures, demonstrating strong agreement with experimental data. A Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis revealed that imposing FTIR-based constraints reduced variance in IDT predictions compared to unconstrained models. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis indicated that additional IR spectra-based correlations could improve the accuracy of the IR-HyChem models. Overall, this work demonstrates the utility of FTIR spectra and their potential use as a low-volume tool for developing predictive chemistry models for the combustion of real, multi-component fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 105792"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SAGE: A machine learning model for primary particle segmentation in TEM images of soot aggregates","authors":"Timothy P. Day,&nbsp;Khaled Mosharraf Mukut,&nbsp;Luke Klacik,&nbsp;Ryan O’Donnell,&nbsp;James Wasilewski,&nbsp;Somesh P. Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2025.105821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proci.2025.105821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate characterization of the morphology of soot is essential for our understanding and better modeling of the physical and chemical properties of soot. The morphological characteristics of soot are traditionally explored experimentally via Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), usually by investigating the images via manual segmentation, which is highly labor intensive. To improve this process, a novel model for the automatic segmentation of primary particles in TEM images of soot is presented in this work. The goal of the model is to identify and isolate each primary particle from a TEM image of a soot aggregate. The model, titled Soot Aggregate Geometry Extraction (SAGE) employs a two-stage training process using a convolutional neural network: an initial training on synthetically-generated TEM images followed by a refinement training by using manually segmented real TEM images. The model was tested against a dataset of real TEM images that included images from sources different from the training data (i.e., different instruments and different researchers). When tested against this real TEM image dataset of soot, SAGE shows good performance with an F<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> score of 67.7%, indicating its ability to correctly identify primary particles while achieving a balanced trade off between missing true particles and detecting false ones. SAGE is able to detect more primary particles with better shape and size alignments with the ground truth data than traditional methods such as circular Hough transform or Euclidean distance mapping methods, leading to a much higher mean Intersection over Union score of 62.2%. Unlike most existing approaches that produce circular segmentations and require image-by-image tuning, SAGE effectively captures irregular particle boundaries without additional adjustments. The particle size distribution obtained from SAGE matches well with the ground truth. The median errors of predictions obtained from SAGE fall below 5% and 1%, respectively, for radius of gyration and fractal dimension of particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 105821"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal decomposition kinetics of plastic mixtures (PE/PVC and PE/PP) based on chemical reaction neural networks","authors":"Wei Sun ,&nbsp;Xinzhe Chen ,&nbsp;Dongping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2025.105874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proci.2025.105874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and their mixtures are widely used in packaging, electrical, and construction fields. Thermal decomposition is one of the primary methods for their recycling. In this study, the thermal decomposition kinetics of three plastics: PE, PP and PVC, along with two mixtures, e.g., PE/PVC and PE/PP, were investigated using a chemical reaction neural network (CRNN). Three models with four species and two reactions (4-2 model) are developed for PE, PP, and PVC decomposition. The experimental thermogravimetric (TG) curves can be well reproduced. The corresponding kinetic models for plastic mixtures are also proposed by integrating the kinetic models of single components. The results indicate that the predicted TG curves of PE/PVC mixtures align closely with the experimental data, confirming the absence of coupling effects between PE and PVC decomposition. However, the model for PE/PP mixtures fails to accurately predict the thermal decomposition process with a noticeable underprediction of the initial decomposition temperature. A careful analysis highlights the strong coupling effect between PE and PP decomposition upon heating, and a simple combination of kinetic models for single components cannot fully reveal the thermal decomposition mechanisms of the PE/PP mixtures. This work opens up a new modelling approach to build the kinetic models for plastics and evaluate the potential coupling effect in the practical decomposition of plastic mixtures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 105874"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermochemical state analysis of DMMP on non-premixed boundary layer flames","authors":"Raúl Felipe Corrales Flores ,&nbsp;Federica Ferraro ,&nbsp;Arne Scholtissek","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2025.105898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proci.2025.105898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Boundary layer flames (BLFs), established near flammable “active” walls in fire scenarios, are fueled by gaseous volatiles released during the thermal degradation of wall materials. Their suppression is essential for fire safety and often relies on the use of flame retardants. This study investigates the inhibition effectiveness of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a phosphorous-based flame retardant, by analyzing its impact on non-premixed flames in a counterflow configuration. The counterflow flame is a suitable reference configuration since it offers a controlled environment for resolving the relevant transport and chemical effects, while also allowing a direct comparison with experimental data from the literature. Using methane as a reference fuel, the numerical framework is validated for undoped and DMMP-doped flames, and then used to examine how strain rate, oxidizer temperature, and injection location (fuel or oxidizer side) influence flame inhibition. To connect with near-wall conditions, boundary conditions from a non-premixed BLF generated in a side wall quenching (SWQ) setup, are also applied in the counterflow simulations. The results show that DMMP promotes combustion at low strain rates and high flame temperatures, but acts as an inhibitor at higher strain rates and lower flame temperatures. The injection location strongly influences inhibition efficiency: due to transport limitations, in a methane non-premixed flame at atmospheric conditions nearly 100 times more DMMP must be issued from the fuel-side compared to oxidizer-side injection to reach a comparable flame inhibition. Furthermore, lower oxidizer temperatures enhance inhibition by increasing DMMP penetration into the reaction zone. Since flame retardants are typically released with the fuel in real fires, these findings hint towards challenges and opportunities for achieving effective suppression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 105898"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional detonation structures and effects of thermal confinement in a linear channel","authors":"Zhaoxin Ren ,&nbsp;Jac Clarke","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2025.105873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proci.2025.105873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employs three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations to investigate the detonation wave propagation in an unwrapped annular combustor configuration, focusing on thermal confinement effects on detonation structures and blast dynamics. The compressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved for stoichiometric kerosene-air mixtures under three distinct wall boundary conditions: (1) adiabatic (uncooled), (2) isothermal at 300 K (representing actively cooled walls), and (3) hybrid adiabatic-isothermal configurations. Results reveal that wall temperature critically governs detonation morphology: adiabatic boundaries produce regular cellular structures via ‘multi-kernel’ formation (intersections of four transverse waves), while cooled walls (300 K) generate stripe-like ‘line-kernel’ (formed through two-wave intersections), accompanied by double-wave structures, increased pressure fluctuations, and unburned fuel pockets. The hybrid case demonstrates asymmetric detonation development, with stable propagation on the adiabatic side contrasting with elongated cells and intensified wave-wall interactions on the cooled side. Quantitative analysis shows that cooled boundaries reduce the detonation wave height compared to adiabatic cases and promote irregular cell sizes due to suppressed boundary layer reactions. These findings present the first systematic evidence of 3D thermal confinement effects on RDW dynamics, revealing a critical trade-off in combustor design: while lower wall temperatures enhance material durability, they compromise combustion efficiency through increased flow unsteadiness and incomplete fuel consumption. The study advances the fundamental understanding of detonation physics in practical thermal gradients and provides actionable insights for optimizing cooling strategies in rotating detonation engines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 105873"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical and experimental comparison of H2/air flame–shock interaction","authors":"Emilie Yhuel ,&nbsp;Anthony Roque Ccacya ,&nbsp;Guillaume Ribert ,&nbsp;Pascale Domingo ,&nbsp;Nabiha Chaumeix","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2025.105847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proci.2025.105847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A high-fidelity three-dimensional numerical simulation is performed to replicate the experimental shock tube setup of the ICARE laboratory, where a hydrogen–air flame–shock interaction (FSI) is studied. Following the experimental procedure, a lean flame (<span><math><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow></math></span>) is ignited at the closed end of a rectangular channel before a shock wave, traveling at a Mach number of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>9</mn></mrow></math></span>, is triggered from the opposite side. The FSI occurs when the shock wave encounters the laminar flame in the visualization window, where experimental schlieren images have been captured. To reproduce this experiment, the fully compressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved using the San Diego mechanism, which includes nine reacting species (excluding nitrogen oxides) and 23 kinetic reactions. Species diffusion is modeled using the Hirschfelder–Curtiss model combined with thermal diffusion (Soret effect). Additionally, gravity is accounted for in the simulation.</div><div>The three major observations of the experiment were well captured by the numerical simulations through a comparison of experimental and numerical schlieren images: the laminar flame propagation and its interaction with adjacent walls; the first FSI, which leads to the formation of Richtmyer–Meshkov instabilities (RMI); and finally, the second FSI, occurring when the reflected shock wave travels back towards the entrance, generating reactive boundary layers and multiple shock interactions within the funnel of fresh gases produced by the RMI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 105847"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the transition of four flames types of auto-ignited iso-octane droplet cloud","authors":"Zixuan Ding ,&nbsp;Hengyi Zhou ,&nbsp;Haiyu Song ,&nbsp;Yu Cheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2025.105926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proci.2025.105926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study is motivated by the multi-stage ignition behavior of isooctane droplet clouds suggested by its chemical kinetics studies. A series of 1D numerical simulations and theoretical analyses were conducted to investigate auto-ignition phenomena. Four distinct flame structures, i.e. simple, two-stage, bilayer, and complicated, were identified, corresponding to two ignition modes: cool ignition alone and cool ignition followed by hot ignition. The resulting regime diagram in the T_a–G_ig space exhibits an inverted S-shaped boundary separating the presence and absence of hot ignition, indicating that increasing ambient temperature does not always promote ignition near the flammability limit of isooctane droplet cloud. To explain this non-monotonic behavior, we proposed two Damköhler numbers. In the 700 ∼ 900 K range, hot ignition is triggered by fuel accumulation near the cool flame due to faster chemistry than droplet vaporization, described by a droplet-scale Damköhler number (Da_d). In the 1000 ∼ 1500 K range, radical buildup from the convergence of cool and warm flame initiates hot ignition, which is governed by a cloud-scale Damköhler number (Da_c) comparing reaction and diffusion timescales. Additionally, in non-igniting cases, the cloud radius was observed to decrease nearly linearly, despite each droplet inside the cloud following the d²-law. This led to the development of a conduction-driven vaporization model for droplet cloud, enabling accurate prediction of cloud lifetime in hot environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 105926"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the use of ammonia- and methanol-diesel blends in reactivity controlled compression ignition mode for marine engines","authors":"Aneesh Vijay Kale,&nbsp;Harsh Darshan Sapra,&nbsp;Saurabh Kumar Gupta,&nbsp;Reed Hanson,&nbsp;Sage Kokjohn","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2025.105813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proci.2025.105813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a need to adopt low-carbon fuels such as ammonia and methanol to decarbonize the marine fleet. The higher autoignition temperatures of ammonia and methanol make it challenging to use these fuels in conventional diesel engines. Previous studies have demonstrated that operating a conventional diesel engine in the Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) mode has the potential to utilize low-carbon fuels without compromising engine performance or emissions. This study comprehensively compares the RCCI engine characteristics when methanol-diesel and ammonia-diesel are used as fuels. Experiments were conducted in a 6.7 L Cummins ISB engine for the methanol-diesel RCCI. A 3D CFD numerical engine model was developed in the Converge software and validated with experimental data. The ammonia-diesel RCCI was studied by replacing the methanol-diesel blend with the ammonia-diesel blend for the same fuel energy. The premixed energy ratio was varied from 5 % to 95 % for the constant fuel energy, keeping all other engine operating parameters the same. Best cases for RCCI combustion were chosen based on maximum gross indicated thermal efficiency and minimum greenhouse gas emissions. The maximum gross indicated thermal efficiency for the methanol-diesel RCCI (obtained by substituting 83 % diesel mass with methanol) was 20 % higher than that of ammonia-diesel RCCI (obtained by substituting 65 % diesel mass with ammonia) and 13 % higher than that of conventional diesel combustion. Overall, this study provides directions on using methanol and ammonia as sustainable fuels for marine engines, selecting the optimal premixed energy ratios to achieve efficient RCCI combustion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 105813"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional analysis of hydrogen fuel effects in multi-tube combustor","authors":"Shuzhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Vansh Sharma ,&nbsp;Venkat Raman ,&nbsp;Tristan T. Shahin ,&nbsp;Alexander J. Hodge ,&nbsp;Rohan M. Gejji ,&nbsp;Robert P. Lucht ,&nbsp;Carson D. Slabaugh","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2025.105790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proci.2025.105790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flame characteristics, including mixing and stabilization in a multi-tube micromixer (MTM) combustor operating with hydrogen fuel are analyzed using high-fidelity simulations. In this flow configuration, a bundle of tubes issue fuel-air mixture into a combustion chamber, leading to multiple flame fronts, which may interact in an unsteady manner. Highly-resolved simulations enabled by adaptive mesh refinement with detailed kinetics are used. The results are first validated against experimental data for both a methane–hydrogen blend and pure hydrogen fuel, showing very good agreement with experimental image data. A detailed analysis of the hydrogen case reveals that global flame structures display distinct shapes across various flow streams. Upstream jet interactions induce mixture stratification along the tubes that is amplified with geometry-induced flow strain in the main chamber. These composition and fluid transients result in unsteady shear layer reactions of varying intensities that promote the recurrent formation of flame pockets and fuel filaments. Although transient flow effects are pronounced near the tube exit, an elongated primary reaction zone is observed for the central tube, the reaction zone being approximately 30% wider in the transverse direction where neighboring tubes are further apart. In addition, streamlines and velocity quiver plots highlight flow asymmetries that interact with heat release in primary flame reaction zones for near-wall tubes, while the central region maintains a predominantly uniform flow, resulting in securely anchored flames during adjacent flame oscillations. The study emphasizes that collective flame dynamics, rather than isolated local behavior, is key to achieving stable operation in such tubular bundled burners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 105790"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}