工程技术最新文献

{"title":"Identifying perturbations that boost T-cell infiltration into tumours via counterfactual learning of their spatial proteomic profiles","authors":"Zitong Jerry Wang, Abdullah S. Farooq, Yu-Jen Chen, Aman Bhargava, Alexander M. Xu, Matt W. Thomson","doi":"10.1038/s41551-025-01357-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-025-01357-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cancer progression can be slowed down or halted via the activation of either endogenous or engineered T cells and their infiltration of the tumour microenvironment. Here we describe a deep-learning model that uses large-scale spatial proteomic profiles of tumours to generate minimal tumour perturbations that boost T-cell infiltration. The model integrates a counterfactual optimization strategy for the generation of the perturbations with the prediction of T-cell infiltration as a self-supervised machine learning problem. We applied the model to 368 samples of metastatic melanoma and colorectal cancer assayed using 40-plex imaging mass cytometry, and discovered cohort-dependent combinatorial perturbations (CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL22 and CCL18 for melanoma, and CXCR4, PD-1, PD-L1 and CYR61 for colorectal cancer) that support T-cell infiltration across patient cohorts, as confirmed via in vitro experiments. Leveraging counterfactual-based predictions of spatial omics data may aid the design of cancer therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19063,"journal":{"name":"Nature Biomedical Engineering","volume":"194 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":28.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bite-sized solutions","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41587-025-02603-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-025-02603-1","url":null,"abstract":"A recent study found high amounts of microplastics in the human brain. This could spur funding and technological advances for plastic degradation.","PeriodicalId":19084,"journal":{"name":"Nature biotechnology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A positron emission tomography tracer for the imaging of oxidative stress in the central nervous system","authors":"Justin H. Wilde, Yu-Yo Sun, Spenser R. Simpson, Ethan R. Hill, Zhongxiao Fu, Emily J. Bian, Melissa M. Kinkaid, Paulina Villanueva, Aden F. Weybright, William R. Terrell, Zoraiz Qureshi, Shashika S. Perera, Heather S. Sheppard, James R. Stone, Bijoy K. Kundu, Chia-Yi Kuan, Kiel D. Neumann","doi":"10.1038/s41551-025-01362-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-025-01362-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, but the inability to detect RONS in vivo in the central nervous system has confounded the interpretation of results of clinical trials of antioxidants. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a positron emission tomography (PET) probe, [¹⁸F]fluoroedaravone ([¹⁸F]FEDV), for the in vivo quantification of oxidative stress. Derived from the antioxidant edaravone, the probe can diffuse through the blood–brain barrier and is stable in human plasma. In mice, PET imaging with [¹⁸F]FEDV allowed for the detection of RONS after intrastriatal injection of sodium nitroprusside, in the middle cerebral artery after stroke by photothrombosis, and in brains with tauopathy. When using dynamic PET imaging coupled with parametric mapping, the sensitivity of [¹⁸F]FEDV-PET to RONS allowed for the detection of increased oxidative stress. [¹⁸F]FEDV-PET could be used to quantify RONS longitudinally in vivo and to assess the results of clinical studies of antioxidants.</p>","PeriodicalId":19063,"journal":{"name":"Nature Biomedical Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":28.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated ATAC‐seq and RNA‐seq analysis identifies key regulatory elements in NK cells activated with feeder cells and IL‐2","authors":"Pedram Motallebnejad, Zion Lee, Jennifer L. One, Frank Cichocki, Wei‐Shou Hu, Samira M. Azarin","doi":"10.1002/btm2.10747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/btm2.10747","url":null,"abstract":"Natural killer (NK) cells are in development for allogeneic immunotherapy; however, for such use as off‐the‐shelf medicines, NK cells need to undergo ex vivo expansion, typically through activation with feeder cells and cytokines, to generate sufficient cells for clinical applications. Upon stimulation with feeder cells in the presence of cytokines, NK cells undergo profound changes in gene expression, altering their metabolic activity, cell cycle progression, and growth behavior, but the precise changes that drive this transformation remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified significant differences in the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility of NK cells 7 days after feeder cell and cytokine activation, with the changes even more pronounced in genome regions closer to enhancers. Several transcription factors, including AP‐1, IRF4, STATs, T‐bet, Eomes, and bHLHE40, which play key roles in NK cell development and immune response, exhibited differential binding activity between unstimulated and day 7 NK cells. Gene sets composed of target genes downstream of these transcription factors were also enriched at day 7, implying their involvement in NK cell activation. Moreover, we compared potential super‐enhancer regions in NK cells before and after activation, combined with the transcriptional activity of nearby genes. We identified stable and transcriptionally active super‐enhancers in unstimulated and day 7 NK cells, as well as those that form or disappear after co‐culture initiation. The transcriptomic and epigenetic characterization of NK cells presented in this study could facilitate the ex vivo expansion and engineering of functionally superior NK cells.","PeriodicalId":9263,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering & Translational Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nucleation Thermodynamics and Nucleation Kinetics of Ammonium Sulfate under the Synergistic Action of Ammonium Chloride and Ammonium Fluoride","authors":"Wei Li, Bangfu Huang, Xinchao Fan, Keying Zhu, Fu Yuan, Yihang Shi, Zhe Shi, Linjing Yang, Kui Zheng","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.4c04776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.4c04776","url":null,"abstract":"In order to investigate the nucleation thermodynamics and nucleation kinetics of (NH₄)₂SO₄ during cooling crystallization under the synergistic effect of different ratios of NH₄F and NH₄Cl, the solubility and width of the metastable zone width of (NH₄)₂SO₄ in the mixed solution were determined by gravimetric and laser methods by incorporation of (NH₄)₂SO₄ in a mixture of different ratios of NH₄F and NH₄Cl in this study. It is demonstrated that the dissolution of (NH₄)₂SO₄ is a heat-absorbing process, that the inhibition of (NH₄)₂SO₄ nucleation by NH₄F is much greater, and that the intermediate stabilization zone of (NH₄)₂SO₄ is enlarged with an increase in the cooling rate. Based on the self-consistent Nývlt-like equation and the classical three-dimensional nucleation theory, the nucleation kinetics of (NH₄)₂SO₄ under the synergistic interaction of NH₄F and NH₄Cl was investigated, and the critical nucleation parameters of (NH₄)₂SO₄ under the synergistic interaction of NH₄F and NH₄Cl were obtained.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring component interactions over Ca-Fe-Ni bifunctional materials for efficient integrated CO2 capture and conversion","authors":"Bo Jin, Wenxing Yao, Jia Xiong, Ruiyue Wang, Xiaoju Xiang, Haibo Zhao, Zhao Sun, Zhiqiang Sun, Zhiwu Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2025.121486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2025.121486","url":null,"abstract":"Unveiling the component interactions over bifunctional materials remains a challenge to achieve efficient integrated CO₂ capture and conversion. Herein, Ca-Fe-Ni bifunctional materials with varying catalyst and oxygen carrier loadings are synthesized, examined and characterized to reveal the influence of component interactions on the material structure, cyclic reactivity, carbon deposit and reaction mechanism. Ca₈₀Fe₀Ni₁₅Zr₅ exhibits the largest syngas space time yield (67.9 mol_CO·s⁻¹·kg_Fe&amp;Ni⁻¹ and 69.8 mol_CO·s⁻¹·kg_Fe&amp;Ni⁻¹) with a limited deactivation. Ni weakens the interaction between calcium and iron oxides through facilitating the reduction of dicalcium ferrite whilst iron oxide decreases the carbon formation via forming Ni-Fe alloy and providing lattice oxygen. The component interactions result in a slight effect on the identified H-spillover assisted mechanism for Ca-Fe-Ni bifunctional materials but leads to an impact on the phase evolutions, side reactions and carbon deposit. This study provides a new strategy for rational designing bifunctional materials with high activity and stability","PeriodicalId":271,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science","volume":"107 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heteroatom co-doping engineering endows tungsten oxide with highly efficient dual-band electrochromic performance","authors":"Zengqi Wang, Xiaodan Guo, Fahao Ma, Haoyu Wang, Chunhuan Zhang, Jiale Xu, Riming Hu, Guofa Cai, Xuchuan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.161281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.161281","url":null,"abstract":"Dual-band electrochromic smart windows hold the capability to intelligently modulate visible and near-infrared light, playing an important role in photo-thermal regulation. However, the long response time and low optical modulation of electrochromic materials hinder their development. Herein, heteroatom <strong>(</strong>Mo and N) co-doped WO₃·xH₂O (x = 1, 2) with tunable structural water was prepared by in-situ oxidation from tungsten nitride. Impressively, Mo and N co-doped WO₃·H₂O film achieves the efficient dual-band electrochromic regulation, such as high optical modulation (633 nm: 75 %, 1200 nm: 78 %), fast response speed (633 nm: 6 s, 1200 nm: 5 s), high coloration efficiency (633 nm: 95.3 cm²/C, 1200 nm: 200.6 cm²/C), and good cycling stability. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that: 1) N doping increases the free carrier density of WO₃·H₂O and induces a blue shift in localized surface plasmon resonance. 2) Mo doping optimizes the microscopic morphology and conductivity, which significantly reduces the diffusion energy barriers of electrons and ions. Consequently, the synergistic effect of Mo and N co-doping endows WO₃·H₂O with excellent dual-band electrochromic properties. As a proof of concept, we further assembled electrochromic devices based on Mo and N co-doped WO₃·H₂O film, which shows excellent photothermal management capability. This work underlines dual heteroatoms engineering for tungsten oxide to realize efficient dual-band electrochromic performance, which will provide new insight into the design of dual-band electrochromic materials.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143547015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Advances and Future Prospects of Bulk and Microfluidic-Enabled Electroporation Systems","authors":"Fei Li, Cheng Dong, Tianlan Chen, Siming Yu, Chunzhao Chen","doi":"10.1002/bit.28965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.28965","url":null,"abstract":"Reversible electroporation (EP) is a pivotal biophysical technology that leverages pulsed electric fields to enhance the permeability of cell membranes, thereby facilitating the introduction of foreign material into cells. In this review, we provide an overview of bulk electroporators and microfluidic-enabled EP systems, focusing on their controversial points of mechanisms, architectures, and parameter settings. Bulk electroporators have been extensively commercialized with settled form including pulse generator and accessories (i.e., EP cuvette and plates). Researchers have made efforts to increase the throughput and simplify the operation of bulk EP systems. Additionally, microfluidics has emerged as a promising technology for optimizing EP parameters and enhancing the performance. Given the significant structural differences between these two types of EP systems, their operating conditions such as temperature, voltage, and pulse parameters are discussed. Research tend to operate single cells under more concentrated electric field induced by low voltage, enabling a quantitative exogenous materials delivery and numerical simulation. However, due to cost constraints and properties of materials utilized in laboratories, the commercialization of laboratory prototypes has been impeded. Furthermore, the technological limitations, current commercialization status, and development trends have been examined.","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into Chemical Recycling and Upgrading Strategies for Polyolefin-Based Plastics","authors":"Mei Lu, Shengdi Wang, Min Su, Zhenghui Weng, Jiawen Zheng, Navneet Kumar Gupta, Kejian Cai, Zhoupeng Shou, Quanli Ke","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.5c00110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5c00110","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic waste, particularly the dominant polyolefins, presents a growing environmental issue due to its chemical stability and low recycling rates. Although various methods are proposed to address plastic waste, the strong carbon–carbon bonds within polyolefins, as well as the degradation of mechanical strength and additional value by conventional recycling methods, pose great challenges to their downstream usage. With this regard, this paper emphasizes the chemical recycling of polyolefins into renewable resources, including carbon materials, liquid fuels, and various hydrocarbon chemicals, by thermal catalytic methods. An in-depth discussion on the feasibility and limitations of promising chemical recycling techniques is provided, such as the association between the reactor design, process optimization, catalyst preparation, and the product distribution. Specifically, the structure–function relationship over different catalysts was highlighted, including the molecular sieve, precious metal, transition metal, and ion liquid. In addition, the future challenge regarding the simultaneous treatment of mixed plastics is also summarized, along with the copyrolysis of waste plastic and biomass. As such, this paper underscores sustainable and scalable solutions for polyolefin upcycling, which may shed light upon the industrial application of plastic resources.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Cyber Insurance and Defense for Multi-Energy Systems Under False Data Injections","authors":"Alexis Pengfei Zhao,&nbsp;Chenghong Gu,&nbsp;Zhaoyao Bao,&nbsp;Xi Cheng,&nbsp;Mohannad Alhazmi","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article introduces a novel cyber insurance planning model specifically designed to enhance the resilience of information and communication technology (ICT)-integrated multi-energy systems (MES) against cyber threats, particularly false data injection (FDI) attacks. The proposed hierarchical cyber insurance planning model (HCIPM) offers an integrated approach to managing the dual challenges of financial risk and operational disruptions caused by sophisticated cyber-attacks. The model is built upon a two-stage hierarchical optimization framework: the first stage determines the optimal allocation of cyber insurance to minimize costs while ensuring adequate risk coverage, and the second stage focuses on real-time operational defense strategies, such as load shedding and resource management, to mitigate the impact of cyber incidents. A key innovation of the HCIPM is its incorporation of a distributionally robust optimization (DRO) methodology, combined with Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR), to effectively handle the uncertainties inherent in FDI attack scenarios. By representing extreme events and their probabilities, this framework ensures robust decision-making under high uncertainty. Extensive simulations conducted on a 33-20 node distribution system demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed model. Results indicate that the HCIPM achieves a 35% reduction in load shedding costs and a 28% improvement in resilience metrics, such as system recovery time and operational continuity, compared to traditional approaches. Additionally, the model demonstrates a significant decrease in financial losses attributable to cyber-attacks, with a 40% reduction in economic damages across high-risk scenarios. The findings underline the model's capability to not only reduce operational costs but also enhance system stability and resilience under diverse attack scenarios. By integrating financial mechanisms such as cyber insurance with technical defenses, the HCIPM represents a comprehensive solution for managing cyber risks in critical infrastructure. This research bridges the gap between operational resilience and financial protection, offering a pioneering framework for future applications of cyber insurance in power systems and other critical infrastructures. The proposed model provides a scalable and adaptable strategy, making it an invaluable tool for utilities and policymakers in their efforts to safeguard modern energy systems against evolving cyber threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}