Mohamed Abdelsattar, Ahmed M Ramadan, Amin E Eltayeb, Osama M Saleh, Fatthy M Abdel-Tawab, Eman M Fahmy, Sameh E Hassanein, Hani M Ali, Najla B S Al-Saud, Hussien F Alameldin, Sabah M Hassan, Nermin G Mohamed, Ahmed Z Abdel Azeiz, Ahmed Bahieldin, Hala F Eissa
{"title":"Development of transgenic wheat plants withstand salt stress via the <i>MDAR1</i> gene.","authors":"Mohamed Abdelsattar, Ahmed M Ramadan, Amin E Eltayeb, Osama M Saleh, Fatthy M Abdel-Tawab, Eman M Fahmy, Sameh E Hassanein, Hani M Ali, Najla B S Al-Saud, Hussien F Alameldin, Sabah M Hassan, Nermin G Mohamed, Ahmed Z Abdel Azeiz, Ahmed Bahieldin, Hala F Eissa","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2025.2463139","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645698.2025.2463139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In light of the fact that climate change has emerged as one of the difficulties confronting the global food system, researchers are obligated to work toward developing fundamental crops, particularly wheat, to combat environmental stress, including drought and salt. In the present study, genetic engineering was used to transfer the Arabidopsis <i>MDAR1</i> gene, which controls the buildup of ascorbic acid (AsA) to make bread wheat less likely to be sensitive to salt stress. The biolistic bombardment was used to transfer cDNA from the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> plant that encodes <i>MDAR1</i> into Bobwhite 56 cultivar wheat plants. A molecular investigation was performed on six different transgenic lines to confirm the integration of the transgene, the copy number, and the expression of the transgene. There were one to three copies of the transgene, and there was no association found between the number of copies of the transgene and All the data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].the presence of its expression. Compared to plants that were not transgenic, the amount of ascorbic acid (AsA) that accumulated in the transgenic plants was twice as high. ROS concentrations are significantly lower in transgenic plants compared to non-transgenic plants under both control and salt stress conditions, effectively reducing oxidative stress. By cultivating transgenic T2 plants in a greenhouse, we were able to determine whether they were able to tolerate the potentially damaging effects of salt stress (200 mm). The study concluded that transgenic wheat plants that consistently expressed the <i>MDAR1</i> gene become tolerant to salt stress with improvement in growth characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"16 1","pages":"173-187"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11812330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of interspecies and intergeneric gene flow for the GM <i>Jatropha curcas</i> event X8#34 with high oleic acid content in seed.","authors":"Kasthurirengan Sampath, Zhang Shilu, Hong Yan, Yogendra Kr Tripathi, Srinivasan Ramachandran","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2025.2470484","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645698.2025.2470484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>GM Jatropha X8#34 was placed for transgene flow assessment in the open field trial on Semakau Island, Singapore, between 2015 and 2017 to evaluate the potential gene flow to its non-GM counterparts and related species. The trial featured the GM Jatropha event X8#34, which is characterized by high oleic acid content, marker-free, and a homozygous transgene. The study focused on cross-pollination from the GM event to non-GM plants, analyzing factors such as distance, wind and insects mediated transfer, using event-specific multiplex PCR analysis of F1 seeds. Pollen dispersal by wind was also assessed to understand the extent of distance traveled and pollen load. Our results showed the maximum observed transgene flow was 4.5%, occurring in non-GM plants located 2 meters in third quarter of 2016, average for four quarters is 2.57%. However, as the distance increased, the transgene flow decreased significantly, at 4 meters distance observed 0.8% in fourth quarter and an average 0.25%. Transgene flow was not observed beyond 4 meters. These results are consistent with the exponential decrease in Jatropha pollen dispersed and captured by traps over distance, with no pollen detected beyond 6 meters through wind dispersal. Furthermore, no intrageneric transgene flow was detected from GM Jatropha to <i>Jatropha integerrima</i>, nor intergeneric transgene flow to related weedy species such as <i>Euphorbia hirta</i>, <i>Phyllanthus niruri</i>, or <i>Ricinus communis</i> (Castor bean), under open-field conditions (2015-2017). The findings suggest that Jatropha pollination is primarily facilitated by short-distance foraging insects, or overlapping branches between adjacent trees enhances cross-pollination rate due to denser floral display, and attracts more pollinators. An adequate separation distance (>8 meters) is sufficient to prevent unintended transgene flow from GM Jatropha to non-GM Jatropha in Singapore ecological conditions. Additionally, transgene flow between GM Jatropha and related horticultural shrub (<i>Jatropha integerrima</i>) or intergeneric relatives like <i>E. hirta</i>, <i>P. niruri</i>, and castor bean is unlikely under open field conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"16 1","pages":"235-251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Classification for Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia via resting-state electroencephalography-based coherence and convolutional neural network.","authors":"Rundong Jiang, Xiaowei Zheng, Jiamin Sun, Lei Chen, Guanghua Xu, Rui Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11571-025-10232-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11571-025-10232-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to diagnose of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) based on brain functional connectivity features extracted via resting-state Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals, and subsequently developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) model, Coherence-CNN, for classification. First, a publicly available dataset of EEG resting state-closed eye recordings containing 36 AD subjects, 23 FTD subjects, and 29 cognitively normal (CN) subjects was used. Then, coherence metrics were utilized to quantify brain functional connectivity, and the differences in coherence between groups across various frequency bands were investigated. Next, spectral clustering was used to analyze variations and differences in brain functional connectivity related to disease states, revealing distinct connectivity patterns in brain electrode position maps. The results demonstrated that brain functional connectivity between different regions was more robust in the CN group, while the AD and FTD groups exhibited various degrees of connectivity decline, reflecting the pronounced differences in connectivity patterns associated with each condition. Furthermore, Coherence-CNN was developed based on CNN and the feature of coherence for three-class classification, achieving a commendable accuracy of 94.32% through leave-one-out cross-validation. This study revealed that Coherence-CNN demonstrated significant performance for distinguishing AD, FTD, and CN groups, supporting the disorder of brain functional connectivity in AD and FTD.</p>","PeriodicalId":10500,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neurodynamics","volume":"19 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IRES activation: HK2 and TPI1 glycolytic enzymes play a pivotal role in non-neuronal cell survival under hypoxia.","authors":"Rehana Ismail, Imtiyaz Ahmed Najar, Mohamed Rahamathulla, Mahboob-Ul- Hussain, Muddasir Sharief Banday, Sushma Devi, Poonam Arora, Manish Kumar, Thippeswamy Boreddy Shivanandappa, Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed, Ismail Pasha","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2025.2480601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2025.2480601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypoxia-induced brain damage can cause consciousness, memory failure and death. HK2 and TPI1 were investigated to see how they change hypoxia sensitivity in neurons and non-neurons. Hypoxia sensitivity is determined by the differential overexpression of both important glycolytic enzymes in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. C6 glioma cells expressed greater HK2 and TPI1 protein than neuro 2A cells, which were more sensitive to hypoxia-induced cell death by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase leakage assay. After 48 h of hypoxia, C6 glioma cells displayed substantial protein upregulation of HK2 and TPI1 glycolytic proteins but not mRNA. Hypoxia did not raise HK2 and TPI1 mRNA transcription, pointing at post-transcriptional protein regulation. Using di-cistronic and promoter-less di-cistronic assays, we discovered significant IRES regions in HK2 and TPI1 mRNA's 5'UTR, more active in C6 glioma cells with polypyrimidine tract binding (PTB) protein. We concluded that non-neuronal cells varied in HK2 and TPI1 overexpression, altering their vulnerability to hypoxia-induced cell death. Adjusting HK2, TP1 and PTB levels may prevent hypoxia-induced brain cell death. These results offer new information on glycolytic enzyme modulation under hypoxia, crucial for comprehending cell survival in hypoxic situations. This could affect situations like neurodegenerative illnesses or ischaemic injuries, where hypoxia-induced cell death is crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"53 1","pages":"139-152"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Designs of Upper Limb Tremor Suppression Orthoses: Efficacy and Wearer's Comfort.","authors":"MoYan ChiGan, Manlong Chen, Min Jing","doi":"10.1115/1.4066968","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4066968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tremor is a rhythmic, involuntary oscillatory movement that severely affects some aspects of a patient's daily life. The use of wearable tremor-suppressing orthoses has become an effective, noninvasive treatment method for controlling tremors. This article summarizes recent developments in upper limb tremor suppression orthoses, aiming to provide a foundation for future research. By analyzing the working mechanisms, degrees-of-freedom (DOFs), weight, and tremor suppression effectiveness of various types of orthoses, the following conclusions are drawn: We found that differences in the working mechanism and the number of suppression directions are related to the weight of the device; weight, in turn, is a major factor affecting the comfort of the orthoses; and the combination of the number and weight of the damping direction affects the effect of the damping equipment. Balancing these three factors should be a key focus of future research. Moreover, researchers are placing greater emphasis on the comfort of the wearer during the development of these orthoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":49305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Devices-Transactions of the Asme","volume":"19 2","pages":"020801"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"pH-triggered small molecule nanodrugs self-assembled from tryptamine-cinnamaldehyde and fisetin for targeted sepsis-associated encephalopathy therapy.","authors":"Ximing Deng, Jinyao Zhou, Wei Fang, Rao Sun, Guoqing Yan, Yun Sun","doi":"10.1177/08853282251318052","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08853282251318052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is an acute diffuse brain dysfunction, but its clinical treatment just focuses on antibiotics and supportive therapy, which fail to directly limit the development of SAE. Herein, this work highlights the development of pH-triggered small molecule nanodrugs self-assembled from tryptamine (Try)-cinnamaldehyde (CA) and fisetin for targeted SAE therapy. The imine linkage in Try-CA and acid-dependent protonation of Try and fisetin endow the nanodrugs with pH-triggered dynamic changes of particle sizes, surficial charges, and drug release. Moreover, the combined use of Try-CA and fisetin also endows the nanodrugs with superior antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial capabilities compared to their individual use. These characteristics of the nanodrugs facilitate long-term circulation stability, effective penetration through BBB, selective accumulation in the brain, and target to central and peripheral focal areas, thereby achieving comprehensive treatment or relief of SAE. Thus, these attractive experimental results illuminate the enormous potential of such pH-triggered small molecule nanodrugs for targeted SAE therapy, advancing their use in clinics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomaterials Applications","volume":" ","pages":"1165-1176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alaa M Al Rawahi, Mohd Zafar, Taqi Ahmed Khan, Sara Al Araimi, Biswanath Mahanty, Shishir Kumar Behera
{"title":"Genetic algorithm-optimized artificial neural network for multi-objective optimization of biomass and exopolysaccharide production by Haloferax mediterranei.","authors":"Alaa M Al Rawahi, Mohd Zafar, Taqi Ahmed Khan, Sara Al Araimi, Biswanath Mahanty, Shishir Kumar Behera","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03143-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03143-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial production of industrially important exopolysaccharide (EPS) from extremophiles has several advantages. In this study, key media components (i.e., sucrose, yeast extract, and urea) were optimized for biomass growth and extracellular EPS production in Haloferax mediterranei DSM 1411 using Box-Behnken design. In a multi-objective optimization framework, response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm (GA)-optimized artificial neural network (ANN) were used to minimize biomass growth while increasing EPS production. The performance of the selected ANN model for the prediction of biomass and EPS (R<sup>2</sup>: 0.964 and 0.975, respectively) was found to be better than that of the multiple regression model (R<sup>2</sup>: 0.818, 0.963, respectively). The main effect of sucrose and its interaction with urea appears to have a significant effect on both responses. The ANN model projects an increase in EPS production from 4.49 to 18.2 g l<sup>-1</sup> while shifting the priority from biomass to biopolymer. The optimized condition predicted a maximum biomass and EPS production of 17.27 g l<sup>-1</sup> and 17.80 g l<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, at concentrations of sucrose (19.98 g l<sup>-1</sup>), yeast extract (1.97 g l<sup>-1</sup>), and urea (1.99 g l<sup>-1</sup>). Based on multi-objective optimization, the GA-ANN model predicted an increase in the EPS to biomass ratio for increasing the EPS and associated biomass production. The extracted EPS, identified as Gellan gum through NMR spectroscopy, was further characterized for surface and elemental composition using SEM-EDX analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"785-798"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of sweet potato residue by fed-batch method to prepare high- concentration glucose.","authors":"Shaoyu Wang, Jialong Xu, Shuai Xu, Yuxiang Li, Zhongbo Sun, Dahai Li, Yaohong Ma, Juanjuan Qian, Liping Tan, Tongjun Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03146-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03146-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>China is the largest producer and exporter of sweet potato in the world. Sweet potato residue (SPR) separated after starch extraction account for more than 10% of the total dry matter of sweet potatoes. However, large amounts of unutilized SPR can cause environmental pollution. SPR is rich in starch and cellulose, both of which can be converted into glucose, making it a good carbon source for microbial fermentation. Therefore, an efficient SPR enzymatic process needs to be developed. The technological conditions of high-solid enzymatic hydrolysis of SPR by fed-batch was investigated in detail. Cellulase, amylase, and pectinase had synergistic effects on SPR enzymatic digestion. The experiments were first conducted to optimize the total enzyme addition of 15 mg enzyme protein/g substrate. The experiments were designed using Design-Expert (10.0) to optimize the enzyme proportions to 42%, 31.8%, and 26.2% for cellulase, amylase, and pectinase, respectively. The fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis of SPR was investigated. The feed time and amount were optimized. The results showed that the initial SPR enzymatic hydrolysis concentration was 14% (w/v), 9% (w/v) was added at 3 h, 6 h and 12 h, respectively and the final substrate concentration was 41% (w/v). After 24 h of enzymatic hydrolysis, the glucose concentration obtained was 194.57 g/L and the glucan conversion was 63.58%. The fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis of SPR described in this study has great potential for the whole chain utilization of sweet potato and in the microbial fermentation industry as it is environmentally friendly, economical and efficient.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"829-839"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Upeksha Gayangani Jayasekara, Tony Hadibarata, Dwi Hindarti, Budi Kurniawan, Mohammad Noor Hazwan Jusoh, Paran Gani, Inn Shi Tan, Adhi Yuniarto, Rubiyatno, Mohd Hairul Bin Khamidun
{"title":"Environmental bioremediation of pharmaceutical residues: microbial processes and technological innovations: a review.","authors":"Upeksha Gayangani Jayasekara, Tony Hadibarata, Dwi Hindarti, Budi Kurniawan, Mohammad Noor Hazwan Jusoh, Paran Gani, Inn Shi Tan, Adhi Yuniarto, Rubiyatno, Mohd Hairul Bin Khamidun","doi":"10.1007/s00449-024-03125-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-024-03125-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ubiquitous presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment has become a significant concern due to their persistence, bioaccumulation potential in biota, and diverse implications for human health and wildlife. This review provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in environmental bioremediation techniques for reducing pharmaceutical residues, with a special emphasis on microbial physiological aspects. Numerous microorganisms, including algae, bacteria or fungi, can biodegrade various pharmaceutical compounds such as antibiotics, analgesics and beta-blockers. Some microorganisms are capable of transferring electrons within the cell, and this feature can be harnessed using Bio Electrochemical Systems (BES) to potentiate the degradation of pharmaceuticals present in wastewater. Moreover, researchers are evaluating the genetic modification of microbial strains to improve their degradation capacity and expand list of target compounds. This includes also discuss how environment changes, such as fluctuations in temperature or pH, may affect bioremediation efficiency. Furthermore, the presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment is emphasised as a major public health issue because it increases the chance for antibiotic-resistant bacteria emerging. This review combines existing information and outlines needed research areas for improving bioremediation technologies in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"705-723"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles on silk: producing antibacterial fabrics.","authors":"Xiao-Qian Jin, Jia-Lei Li, Jie Liu, Liang-Liang Chen, Chan Liu, Ya-Qing Zhou, Wen-Pu Shi, Huan Liang, Wei-Hong Guo, Da-Chuan Yin","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03138-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03138-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herein, we explored an effective method for preparing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)-coated antibacterial silk fabrics. In particular, using amino acids and cellulose from silk as reducing agents and silver nitrate as a precursor, Ag NPs were synthesised in situ on the surface of silk without requiring additional reducing agents and catalysts. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the involved samples were characterised using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Notably, silk and silk precursors (silkworm cocoons, silk fibers and sericin) could be used for in situ Ag NPs synthesis. Furthermore, the antibacterial properties of the samples were evaluated against Escherichia coli-a Gram-negative bacterium-as a model, demonstrating an impressive antibacterial rate of up to 99.91%. In addition, we investigated the water absorption behaviour of the samples at 25 °C by assessing their moisture regain, water retention value and vertical wick height. The results indicated that the Ag NPs coating did not damage the water absorption performance of the involved silk. Finally, we compared the fabric performance before and after treatment using a universal testing machine and colorimeter. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the fabrics with the Ag NPs coating did not substantially change with treatment, but the fabrics became more yellowish. Overall, this research has notable application potential in the field of antibacterial fabrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"725-736"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}