BioEnergy Research最新文献

{"title":"Thermochemical Quality from Biomass of Eucalyptus Species in Short Rotation Systems","authors":"Fernando Resquin,&nbsp;Leonidas Carrasco-Letelier,&nbsp;Cecilia Rachid-Casnati,&nbsp;Nestor Tancredi,&nbsp;Andres Hirigoyen","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10830-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10830-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using biomass of forest origin to obtain solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels has demonstrated its potential both at an experimental level and in commercial situations. This framework evaluated <i>Eucalyptus benthamii</i>, <i>E. dunnii</i>, and <i>E. grandis</i> planted at densities of 2220, 3330, 4440, and 6660 trees per hectare 56 months after planting. The chemical composition and heating value of biomass fractions were evaluated. The <i>LHV</i> value (KJ/Kg) of the bark was 17,227, 16,813, and 16,167; the leaves 22,491, 23,031, and 21,358; the wood 18,725, 18,577, and 18,828 for <i>E. benthamii</i>, <i>E. dunnii</i>, and <i>E. grandis</i>, respectively. The <i>VM</i>, <i>FC</i>, and <i>A</i> contents (%) were 82, 12, and 6; 84, 11, and 5; and 89, 10, and 1 for <i>E. benthamii</i>; 84, 9, and 7; 84, 10, and 6; and 90, 9, and 1 for <i>E. dunnii</i>; and 84, 8, and 7; 84, 11, and 5; and 90, 9, and 1 for <i>E. grandis</i> in the bark, leaves, and wood fractions, respectively. The contents of <i>C</i>, <i>H</i>, and <i>O</i> (%) were 48, 5, and 40; 57, 6, and 30; and 50, 5, and 44 for <i>E. benthamii</i>; 47, 5, and 41; 57, 6, and 28; and 50, 5, and 44 for <i>E. dunnii</i>; and 46, 5, and 42; 56, 6, and 32; and 51, 5, and 44 for <i>E. grandis</i> in the bark, leaves, and wood fractions, respectively. <i>E. grandis</i> is the species that combines the best results from the point of view of its energy potential at the same time as an absence of effects due to planting density. The prediction models for the heating value were based on the carbon content.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Wood Ash, Lime, and Biochar on the Establishment and Early Growth of Poplars on Acidic Soil Conditions","authors":"Luca Muraro,&nbsp;Anneli Adler,&nbsp;Henrik Böhlenius","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10831-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10831-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Poplars are traditionally cultivated on arable land, but other land types, such as forested land and forested arable land, may also provide significant opportunities for poplar plantations without competing with food production. However, these sites often have suboptimal soil pH levels that hinder optimal poplar growth, highlighting the need for improved establishment methods to enhance both survival and growth. This study investigates the establishment and growth of poplars (<i>Populus trichocarpa</i> and their hybrids) at forest land and forested arable land after application of wood ash, lime, and biochar using three different application methods: (i) amendment spread on the soil (Surface), (ii) amendment mixed with the soil (Mixed), (iii) amendment placed on the planting spot (Spot). Our findings revealed that wood ash and lime application almost double growth compared to untreated plants, 3 years after planting, and that growth increased equally independently whether wood ash or lime was mixed with the soil or applied on the soil surface while Spot application method resulted in overall lower growth than the Mix and Surface method. In contrast, biochar application had a lower effect on tree growth compared to wood ash and lime. This study highlights the potential of using wood ash to improve poplar growth on sites with low soil pH and that application methods can be adapted for different site conditions, thereby supporting the early establishment of these fast-growing plantations in sites with suboptimal soil conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-025-10831-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixotrophic Cultivation of Polar Microalga Chlamydomonas sp. RCC2488 (Malina) Using Potato Peel Hydrolysates as Carbon Source","authors":"Shah Rucksana Akhter Urme,&nbsp;Laura Barth,&nbsp;Leobardo Serrano-Carreón,&nbsp;Alfredo Martinez,&nbsp;Daniela Morales-Sánchez","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10829-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10829-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The polar microalga <i>Chlamydomonas</i> sp. RCC2488 (malina) exhibits high PUFA production under phototrophic conditions, but there is no evidence of heterotrophic or mixotrophic growth. Hence, the grow and transmembrane carbon (glucose) transport was assessed under heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. The microalga transported carbon at a rate of 0.015 μmol/g/min, achieving 0.4 g/L of biomass with high PUFA content (122.5 mg/g) under mixotrophic conditions with glucose. No heterotrophic growth and transport were observed. The use of an alternative carbon source such as potato peel waste was evaluated. This material was subjected to an acid-hydrothermal pretreatment with 1% sulfuric acid at 121 °C for 120 min followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with α-amylase and amyloglucosidase. The resulting hydrolysates (PPH1 and PPH3) released up to 46.3 g/L of glucose with a reducing sugar conversion of 46%. But these hydrolysates also presented up to 4.7 and 8.5 g/L of furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), respectively, which decreased the microalgal growth to 0.07 g/L and promoted the accumulation of 74.7 g/g of TAG. A water-washing extra step (PPH2) removed these toxic compounds achieving biomass and PUFA concentrations similar to the ones obtained with pure glucose. Therefore, pretreatment and hydrolysis optimization including toxic by-product removal are necessary to use potato peel as an efficient carbon source for microalgae cultivation. Mixotrophic cultivation of <i>Chlamydomonas</i> sp. RCC2488 (malina) was possible but not ideal since higher growth is attained under phototrophic conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-025-10829-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum ITD-G6 from Agave durangensis Leaves for Enhanced Cellulase Production in Solid-State Cultivation","authors":"M. G. Contreras-Hernández,&nbsp;O. M. Rutiaga-Quiñones,&nbsp;F. J. Mares-Rodríguez,&nbsp;J. R. Irigoyen-Campuzano,&nbsp;I. N. Cordero-Soto,&nbsp;E. T. Aréchiga-Carvajal","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10827-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10827-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cellulase production strategy considers the selection of microorganisms and the best experimental conditions for fermentation. This work describes the molecular identification of a fungus isolated from <i>Agave durangensis</i>, employing the internal transcribed spacer 18 S rRNA gene, located in the small subunit 28 S rRNA gene, belonging to a larger subunit, elongation factor 1-α, and the β-tubulin sequences. The best experimental conditions for improving cellulase production using <i>A. durangensis</i> leaves as a solid-state fermentation substrate were also evaluated. A profile of enzymatic activity of endoglucanase (Endo-β), exoglucanase (Exo-β), and β-glucosidase (β-g) obtained at 96 h is presented. Sequences used in the identification analysis of the isolated fungus identified it as a phytopathogen species of <i>Neoscytalidium dimidiatum</i> ITD-G6, belonging to the Botryosphaeriaceae family. To the authors’ awareness, this is the first report where leaves of <i>A. durangensis</i> are hosts of this microorganism. The maximum enzymatic activities were obtained at 72 h (2.78 ± 0.015 IU/mL) and 96 h (3.44 ± 0.017 IU/mL), under 37 °C, pH = 4.5, and 70% humidity. At these conditions, the cellulolytic activity of the three enzymes was as follows: Endo-β (0.0547 ± 0.0167 IU/mL), Exo-β (0.0163 ± 0.001 IU/mL), and β-g (0.0692 ± 0.07 IU/mL). The data presented suggest that the isolated fungus has biotechnological potential as a source of cellulases, contributing to the field of little-studied phytopathogens, owing to the feasibility of biomass conversion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Fertilization, Soil Texture, and Forking on the Wood Quality and Yield of Energy Plantations of Tachigali vulgaris in Amazonia","authors":"Elvis Vieira dos Santos,&nbsp;Álvaro Augusto Vieira Soares,&nbsp;Flávio Henrique Silveira Rabêlo,&nbsp;Sérgio Henrique Godinho Silva,&nbsp;Michael Douglas Roque Lima,&nbsp;Lina Bufalino,&nbsp;Jonathan Dias Marques,&nbsp;Delman de Almeida Gonçalves,&nbsp;Arystides Resende Silva,&nbsp;Edgar A. Silveira,&nbsp;Paulo Fernando Trugilho,&nbsp;Thiago de Paula Protásio","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10828-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10828-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biomass from planted forests is a renewable energy source with the potential to replace fossil fuels. <i>Tachigali vulgaris</i> wood shows potential for energy applications, but studies on fertilization and stem-type effects remain limited. This study evaluated the influence of stem type, soil texture, and fertilization on the energy potential and wood quality of <i>T. vulgaris</i>. The research was conducted in two experimental plantations in Pará, Brazil, on sandy loam and very clayey soils, with 11-year-old trees in four blocks per area. Three fertilization treatments with phosphorus and potassium were applied. Wood basic density (WBD), proximate analysis, heating value, extractive content, lignin content, wood dry mass, lignin mass, and wood energy productivity (EP) were measured. Fertilization treatments did not significantly affect the WBD, with a 0.514 g/cm³ average. However, every 2 cm increment in equivalent diameter (EqD) corresponded to a 0.01 g/cm³ rise in WBD. Trees with an EqD below 15 cm had WBD below 0.500 g/cm³. Higher fixed carbon (16.31% on a dry mass basis) was observed in very clayey soils. The treatments and their interactions significantly influenced extractives (4.65% dry basis), insoluble lignin (29.43% extractive-free dry basis, efdb), and total lignin (31.34% efdb). EP varied between 1739.23 and 2760.07 GJ/ha, with higher values for larger EqD. Growth parameters, including EqD, significantly influenced EP, with a 2.65 GJ/tree average. These findings highlight the importance of growth characteristics in evaluating species for energy forestry.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-025-10828-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Cellulase From Mutated Aspergillus sp. for the Production of Sustainable 2G Ethanol From Sugarcane Bagasse","authors":"Satwika Das,&nbsp;Dharmendra Shakya,&nbsp;Ramandeep Kaur,&nbsp;Naveen Kumar B,&nbsp;Chandukishore T,&nbsp;Surajbhan Sevda,&nbsp;Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian,&nbsp;Ashish A. Prabhu","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10825-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10825-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sugarcane bagasse (SB) is a lucrative feedstock for sustainable fuel production, but economical conversion into fermentable sugars and ethanol presents challenges from a biorefinery perspective. The present study aimed to screen and identify a robust cellulase-producing fungal strain to improve the saccharification of SB. <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> exhibited enhanced cellulase activity when untreated SB served as the substrate. The EMS mediated chemical mutagenesis of <i>A. fumigatus</i> with 200 mM EMS further enhanced the cellulase production by approximately 23.47%, relative to the wild-type strain. The process optimization method demonstrated peak cellulase activity on the 6th day of incubation, at 33 °C, and with an inoculum size of 5 × 10⁷ spores. The optimization of the filter paper assay enhanced the maximum activity to 2.5 U/mL by maintaining 6 pH and 55 °C, along with the subsequent addition of MnCl₂ ions to the reaction mixture. The Taguchi orthogonal array was employed to optimize the process parameters of enzymatic hydrolysis of alkali-pretreated SB, demonstrating highest efficiency when hydrolysis parameters were set to pH 4, 55 °C, 10 U enzyme, and 20 g/L substrate (SB) loading. The hydrolysate was utilized to evaluate bioethanol production employing <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> MTCC 824. The strain generated 4.2 g/L of ethanol with a total yield of 0.21 g/g. This study seeks to manage agricultural residues and wastes, generating a nutrient-rich hydrolysate that can be utilized by yeast strains for bioethanol production, thus rendering the entire process sustainable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the Effects of Trace Metal Concentrations on the Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Solid Waste","authors":"Karina J. Salazar-Batres,&nbsp;Iván Moreno-Andrade","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10826-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10826-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anaerobic digestion is a promising technology for producing methane-rich biogas. Various wastes, including waste activated sludge, food waste, farm waste, agricultural waste, and wastewater, have been used as substrates to generate biogas, which can be transformed into electrical or thermal energy. However, process instability and low methane yield restrict the widespread application of this process. Several strategies have been employed to increase methane yield and energy production, including adding trace elements, such as iron, cobalt, molybdenum, and nickel. Trace elements are part of the cofactors of enzymes involved in methane synthesis and microbial growth. This review aims to analyze the effects of trace elements on methane yield and propose concentrations at which methane production increases, as well as potential inhibitory effects. The addition of trace metals to the anaerobic digestion process has been found to have positive effects, such as enhanced methane yields and productivities, volatile fatty acid (VFA) removal, and chemical oxygen demand removal. An analysis of previously published data from other researchers was adjusted to a variant of the Haldane equation, suggesting that ranges of mg of trace metals per gram of substrate added promote an increase in methane production (0.56–1.67 mg/g VS for iron, 0.01–0.1 mg/g VS for cobalt, 0.03–0.5 mg Mo/g VS for molybdenum, and 0.04–0.5 mg Mo/g VS for nickel). Furthermore, the literature review revealed that the efficiency of the process decreases with increasing metal dose beyond the proposed range. The frequency of trace elements addition directly influences VFA removal. Some trace elements, such as nickel, generate VFAs of higher molecular weight, modifying the process performance. Notably, the process efficiency decreases with higher doses of trace elements, although this promotes the VFA removal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-025-10826-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic Modeling of Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Lemnaceae for Biogas Production","authors":"Lillian Lower,&nbsp;Yaojing Qiu,&nbsp;Ryan C. Sartor,&nbsp;William Joe Sagues,&nbsp;Jay J. Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10824-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10824-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anaerobic digestion of sustainably sourced biomass to generate biogas is a vital form of renewable energy that provides significant benefits to the environment. Lemnaceae, commonly referred to as duckweed, has shown great potential as a next-generation biomass feedstock for anaerobic digestion due to its rapid growth rates, low lignin content, and ability to remove nutrients from wastewater. However, research in this area is largely focused on the mesophilic (35 °C) anaerobic digestion of duckweed. For the first time, batch thermophilic anaerobic digestion was performed using three different duckweed varieties grown on swine lagoon wastewater to ascertain the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of the biomasses and estimate parameters associated with the kinetics of the digestion process. The BMPs of the three duckweed varieties were 205 ± 5, 217 ± 5, and 262 ± 7 mL CH₄ g⁻¹ volatile solids (VS) for the local variety (OxNC), <i>Lemna gibba</i> (8678), and <i>Lemna gibba</i> (7741), respectively. Four kinetic models were fitted to the experimental data: first order, modified Gompertz, transference, and logistic function. Unique to this study, inoculum from continuous thermophilic anaerobic digesters processing identical feedstocks was used during the BMP, causing the absence of a lag phase. The first-order model predicted the hydrolysis constant (<i>k</i>) to be 0.205–0.285 day⁻¹, which is similar to the hydrolysis constants reported in the literature for effective anaerobic digestion systems, thereby demonstrating that duckweed biomass has viable degradation rates. In this work, BMP experimentation and kinetic modeling have demonstrated the viability of anaerobically digesting multiple varieties of duckweed biomass under thermophilic conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-025-10824-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Waste Ash Supported Nickel Catalyst to Steam Gasification of Food Waste for Enhanced Tar Reduction and Hydrogen Production","authors":"Aayush Raizada,&nbsp;Amresh Shukla,&nbsp;Sanjeev Yadav,&nbsp;Sourodipto Modak,&nbsp;Priyanka Katiyar","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10822-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10822-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a novel catalyst was developed by loading 5-10wt% Ni on food waste ash. The food waste ash worked as a support and promoter for the Ni catalyst. Thereafter, the catalyst was tested for enhanced tar reduction and higher H₂ production during steam gasification of food waste. The performance of this catalyst was evaluated using four different steam gasification processes; (i) conventional overlapping process (COP), (ii) COP in the presence of a catalyst (COP + catalyst), (iii) integrated two-stage process (ITP) and (iv) ITP in the presence of a catalyst (ITP + catalyst). All the experiments were performed at the constant temperature of 850 °C with a steam flow rate of 2.92 mL/min in a downdraft gasifier. Results showed that 33.3% catalyst content in the feed to the conventional gasification process of (COP + catalyst) enhanced the tar reduction by almost 90% and increased the syngas yield. The process of COP + catalyst yielded the highest syngas production at 91.90%. However, the use of the same catalyst did not enhance the tar reduction and syngas yield from the integrated process (ITP + catalyst) Additionally, the syngas composition showed that the hydrogen fraction in syngas from the processes with catalysts (COP + catalyst and ITP + catalyst) was higher (71.74% and 65.76%, respectively) than that from COP (66.27%) and ITP (59.75%) respectively. Therefore, the hydrogen yield was found to be highest (1.3 m³/kg) for COP + catalyst, as syngas and hydrogen fraction in syngas were highest for COP + catalyst. The tar composition indicated that tar from COP and ITP contained the highest fraction of anhydrous sugars (~ 23% &amp; ~ 27%, respectively), whereas tar from COP + catalyst contained the highest fraction of oxygenated cyclic compounds (~ 17%) and tar from ITP + catalyst contained the highest fraction of aliphatic hydrocarbons (~ 18%). Moreover, cyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, and aliphatic alcohols were present in a lesser fraction in tar from COP + catalyst and ITP + catalyst than from COP and ITP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-Economic Analysis of Biodiesel Production from Chlorella vulgaris Using Different Potential Biorefinery Approaches","authors":"Sudhanthiran M.C.,&nbsp;Muttu Pandian P.,&nbsp;Febin Mathew,&nbsp;M. Perumalsamy","doi":"10.1007/s12155-025-10823-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-025-10823-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biodiesel from microalgae offers a renewable alternative to fossil fuels, with carbon dioxide utilization and capturing lipids without competing with food resources. The extraction, drying, and transesterification processes play a crucial role in converting raw biomass into high-quality biofuel. In this article, <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> was grown in optimized conditions to improve the lipid content, and biodiesel was synthesized. Lipid content was evaluated from microalgal biomass, and the obtained data were given as input to two different production pathways, viz. solvent extraction and in situ transesterification. When utilizing the extraction and drying processes in the former method, it was discovered that they are the major cost contributors, which were eliminated in the latter through in situ transesterification. Optimization of various operating variables, such as methanol-oil molar ratio, reaction time, reaction temperature, number of stages, feed stage for distillation columns, and water and hexane flow rate for recovery of FAME, was studied in the simulation process. The solvent extraction method achieved 92% oil conversion, with 98% methanol recovery and 96% ester recovery after distillation. The in situ transesterification process achieved 92% oil-to-FAME conversion, with a payback period of 1.72 years for the non-heat integrated process and 1.88 years for the heat-integrated process. Capital costs were $3.48 million (non-heat integrated) and $4.51 million (heat integrated) compared to solvent extraction at $5.05 million (non-heat integrated) and $6.49 million (heat integrated), demonstrating superior economic efficiency. A techno-economic analysis reveals that in situ transesterification has the lowest capital cost and payback period but higher operating costs due to methanol usage; however, with process intensification and optimized configurations, it could become a commercially viable approach for biodiesel production. Regulatory frameworks and infrastructure investment support scalability, while eliminating costly steps like drying enhances economic and environmental sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}