BioEnergy Research最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Organosolv Pretreatment for Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cherry Tree Pruning and Pistachio Shells: a Step to Bioethanol Production","authors":"Luca Corsi,&nbsp;Soledad Mateo,&nbsp;Francesco Spaccini,&nbsp;Cinzia Buratti,&nbsp;Alberto J. Moya","doi":"10.1007/s12155-023-10647-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-023-10647-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The overall purpose of this research work was to apply a microwave-assisted digestion process combined with ethanol organosolv as pretreatment for pistachio shells (PS) and cherry tree pruning (CTP) biomasses for cellulose production. This process would reduce the technical and environmental disadvantages of the accumulation of these agricultural wastes. A central composite design based on the Response Surface Methodology was applied to check the effect of reaction time, temperature, and concentration of ethanol acid solution. Adequate models have been obtained for the contents of cellulose and lignin of the treated solids as well as for solubilized cellulose percentage. Best conditions implied 67% ethanol and 30 min at 150 <span>(~mathrm {^circ })</span>C, involving the production of a cellulose-enriched material (81.1% and 90.1% for treated CTP and PS, respectively). Finally, enzymatic hydrolysis of these materials was carried out, reaching glucose concentrations of 70 and 100 kg/m<span>(^{3})</span> for CTP and PS, resulting in enzymatic hydrolysis yields at 12 h of 97.2% and 76.9%. These high values are one of the main novelties and strengths of this work, as show the ease of the process and can have a beneficial influence on its scale-up, reducing both costs and environmental impact.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"294 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-023-10647-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49228289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corncob Fractionations Toward Two Purposes: Furfural Production and Papermaking","authors":"Yufei Fan,&nbsp;Hairui Ji","doi":"10.1007/s12155-023-10659-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-023-10659-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Burning corncob for energy requirements caused a huge waste of biomass resources and serious environment pollution. Herein, this study provided a high-value utilization strategy for corncob. Corncob was first pretreated by hydrothermal process. The collected hydrolysates were converted into furfural by a recyclable solid acid with a yield of 52.35%. The pretreated solid was disintegrated into fibers by disc grinding. When corncob fiber addition is below 15%, the ring crush index, tear index, and tensile strength index of the prepared handsheets increased by 1.43 N·m/g, 0.43 mN·m²/g, and 4.66 N·m/g, respectively, compared with that using pure softwood fibers. Besides, corncob fibers were hydrophilically modified with aminosulfonic acid. Water retention value of paper with the modified fiber addition increased by 48.35%. Therefore, this study provided a method of corncob utilization toward two purposes: furfural production and papermaking.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"359 - 368"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46415620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of Hemicellulosic Hydrolysates Derived from Arundo Donax and Cynodon Dactylon as Potential Substrates for Microbial Protein Production by Candida Tropicalis","authors":"Arushdeep Sidana,&nbsp;Payal Guleria,&nbsp;Sundeep Kaur,&nbsp;Sudesh Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.1007/s12155-023-10654-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-023-10654-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study was aimed to evaluate the potential of <i>Arundo donax</i> (giant reed) and <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> (grass clippings) biomasses as possible sources of fermentable sugars for microbial protein production by <i>Candida tropicalis</i>. Optimization of dilute acid pretreatment and detoxification parameters was carried out for selecting the best conditions for sugar release and efficient removal of inhibitory compounds. The optimum conditions for hydrolysis in both the biomasses were found to be 1.5% sulphuric acid, 1.5:10 solid to liquid ratio with 30 and 45 min duration for grass clippings and giant reed, respectively. Under these conditions, 21.85 g/L fermentable sugars including glucose and xylose were released from giant reed and 32.38 g/L from grass clippings in the dilute acid hydrolysate. Optimization of activated carbon-based detoxification revealed that 4% w/v activated charcoal concentration at pH 1.5 with 30 min orbital shaking was sufficient to achieve maximum reduction of inhibitors in giant reed hydrolysate. Whereas for grass clippings, 1 h treatment was required for significant reduction of phenolic compounds. The wild <i>C. tropicalis</i> was adapted for multiple generations to tolerate up to 14 g/L acetic acid in pure glucose and xylose based-medium. This adapted yeast when cultivated in concentrated hydrolysate media resulted in increase of cell biomass by 21.83 and 14.28% in giant reed and grass clippings, respectively in comparison to the wild yeast. The freeze-dried powder of <i>C. tropicalis</i> cells cultivated in giant reed and grass clippings hydrolysate contained 48.51% and 51.67% protein respectively. The results of this study advocate the potential of giant reed and grass clippings as efficient lignocellulosic sources for single cell protein production by <i>C. tropicalis</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"369 - 382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46411066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process Optimization for Ionic Liquid Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide Pretreatment of Waste Particleboard to Heighten Enzymatic Hydrolysis Saccharification","authors":"Yingshi Huang,&nbsp;Shujie Wang,&nbsp;Mengjie Chen,&nbsp;Xianfeng Hou,&nbsp;Jin Sun,&nbsp;Zhenzhong Gao","doi":"10.1007/s12155-023-10658-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-023-10658-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The dense lignocellulosic structure inherent in particleboard poses a challenge to its efficient energy utilization, necessitating pretreatment prior to use. This study is aimed at exploring an optimal ionic liquid pretreatment process to enhance the utilization efficiency of waste particleboard. Response surface methodology (RSM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to investigate the effects of various parameters, including reaction time, temperature, and concentration of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide ([TBA] [OH]) solution on glucose production during the lignocellulosic hydrolysis process. Under the optimal pretreatment conditions (68 min, 65 °C, and 11.44% [TBA] [OH] concentration), the glucose yields from enzymatic hydrolysis of waste particleboard reached 324.48 mg/g, exhibiting a remarkable 34.75% increase compared to untreated samples. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed the disruptive effects of pretreatment on the lignocellulosic structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) demonstrated the removal of hemicellulose, as evidenced by the disappearance of the peak at 1740 cm⁻¹. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated a 5.08% increase in the crystallization index of the pretreated biomass. Composition analysis further confirmed the partial removal of hemicellulose and lignin, resulting in the enhanced exposure of cellulose and subsequently increasing the accessibility of cellulase. This improvement ultimately led to an enhancement in enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"309 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43912545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Potential of Coffee Husks as a Raw Material for Second-Generation Ethanol Production","authors":"Maíra Nicolau de Almeida,&nbsp;Gisele Giovanna Halfeld,&nbsp;Izabel Bernardes da Costa,&nbsp;Luiz Gustavo de Lima Guimarães,&nbsp;Bruna Cordeiro,&nbsp;Valéria Monteze Guimarães","doi":"10.1007/s12155-023-10655-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-023-10655-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bioeconomy is a sustainable development strategy involving the production of high-value products using renewable resources and by-products instead of new raw materials to avoid waste. Second-generation ethanol is essential for producing high-value products from residues, and new sources of lignocellulosic biomass are crucial. Coffee is an important agricultural product: in Brazil, a major world producer, 3 million tons of coffee were produced in 2022. Coffee husks, a by-product of coffee, are a potential raw material for use in second-generation ethanol production. The overall purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of this residue for ethanol production. A compositional analysis of coffee husks showed a high lignin content of 42%. The coffee husks were subjected to aqueous, acid, and alkali pretreatments, and the chemical composition of each fraction was determined. The lignin contents were high: 46%, 52%, and 42%, respectively. The production of yeast inhibitors, furfural, and hydroxymethylfurfural and also the production of reducing sugars in the liquid fraction were determined to verify the severity of the pretreatments. The pretreated material was saccharified to produce glucose. The saccharification process was optimized based on pH and temperature conditions to achieve maximum enzyme efficiency with conversion yield of 16.2%. The optimal conditions were pH 5.5 and a temperature range of 30–75°C. The second optimization process was carried out for the enzyme load and biomass concentration. The condition producing the highest glucose concentration was a biomass loading of 11–14% and an enzyme concentration of 20–25 FPU/g. The optimized conditions for saccharification produced 5 g/L of glucose. For biomass conversion yield, the 3.2% biomass and 25 FPU/g provided highest efficiency, 24.46%.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"281 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42403835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Organic Manure Preparation Strategies from Paddy Waste Using Bioaugmentation Approach","authors":"Trupti K. Vyas,&nbsp;Kamlesh G. Patel,&nbsp;Prachi Desai,&nbsp;Avantika R. Patel,&nbsp;Anand R. Kaswala","doi":"10.1007/s12155-023-10648-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-023-10648-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organic manure is prepared using various methods, but comparative efficiency is not reported yet. The present study aims to evaluate three methods viz. method developed by Narayan Deotao Pandharipande (NADEP), structured pit, and heap method for organic manure preparation from paddy waste. The bioaugmentation strategy was also used to enhance natural attenuation and shorten the period for manure preparation. Parameters like nitrogen, C:N ratio, degradation rates, cellulose and lignin content, and total bacterial and fungal count were monitored at 20 days intervals up to 120 days. The highest degradation 53.7% was observed in NADEP compared to other methods. Lower C:N ratio of 18.06 was reported in NADEP on 120 days. The lowest cellulose content 17.14% and lignin content 8.37% were found in NADEP on 120 days. In various methods, the half-life of cellulose was lower in the structured pit at 110 days and in bioaugmented methods at 113 days. The half-life of lignin was lower in the structure pit at 91 days and in bioaugmented methods at 96 days. Factorial completely randomized design (CRD) design revealed that NADEP was better than the structured pit and heap methods. Bioaugmented methods showed a significant difference in time reduction compared to control. Thus, among the three methods tested for organic manure preparation, NADEP showed promising results surpassing manure quality of the structured pit and heap method. Hence, farmers are advised to use the NADEP method to prepare good-quality organic manure in a short period using a bioaugmentation strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"96 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44769153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methyl Esters Production from Degummed Soybean Oil Catalyzed by Niobium Phosphate","authors":"Mariana Albarello,&nbsp;Ana Luiza Barrachini Nunes,&nbsp;Liara Jalime Vernier,&nbsp;Fernanda de Castilhos","doi":"10.1007/s12155-023-10653-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-023-10653-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study aimed a significant investigation of interesterification reaction to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from degummed soybean oil (DSO) in pressurized methyl acetate (MeA) catalyzed by niobium phosphate (NbOPO₄). It investigated a glycerol-free route for biodiesel production from a low-cost feedstock concerning the problem of high cost and surplus glycerol production. NbOPO₄ was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption. Important factors in FAME production including temperature, catalyst content, and DSO:MeA molar ratio (MR) were investigated through an experimental design in two reaction times (60 min and 180 min). Response surface methodology was used to optimize important reaction variables. It was possible to obtain an FAME yield of 87.48% at 345 °C, 8 wt% of catalyst, and an MR of 1:35 in 60 min of reaction. The decomposition phenomenon was evident, achieving 64.14% at 345 °C and 8 wt% of catalyst, mainly due to prolonged exposure to large amounts of catalyst and high temperatures. The catalyst was shown to be active in the experimental conditions investigated. The reuse test pointed out a decrease in activity of up to 34.59%, which may be related to the adsorption of contaminants and mass loss.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"518 - 531"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45291311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics and Dynamics of Conversion of Bambusa Bamboo into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Ionic Solvent in Batch Reactor","authors":"Ashwin Gaikwad,&nbsp;Pratik Patil","doi":"10.1007/s12155-023-10650-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-023-10650-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this era of industrial revolution and diminishing petroleum reserves, alternative options (woody biomass) for building next-generation fuels need to be critically explored. Here, process engineering aspects of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) from Bambusa bamboo in ionic liquid ([Bmim]Cl) in the presence of a catalyst, CrCl₃, in batch reactor have been explored in great detail. 5-HMF upon hydrogenation liberates 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), which is a liquid fuel. To maximize the production of platform chemical-5-HMF, effects of different mixing speeds (150–1200 rpm) and temperatures (120–160 °C) were captured on the yield of 5-HMF and glucose. A highest 5-HMF yield (25%) was obtained at 120 °C and 1200 rpm within a reaction time of 6 h. Moreover, a kinetic analysis of transformation of biomass into 5-HMF was carried out using curve fitting to estimate kinetic constants k₁, k₂, and k₃. Mixing at asymptotic limits, i.e., no mixing (0 rpm) and very high mixing (1200 rpm), enables us to devise mixing regimes: 0–400 rpm, mass transfer–limited regime; 400–1100 rpm, intermediate regime; and &gt; 1100 rpm, reaction-limited regime. Thus, tremendous improvement in reaction rate constants (k₁, k₂, k₃) was observed when operated at higher mixing conditions (reaction-limited regime). Mixing limitation for this IL-based system can be eliminated by operating the reactor above 800 rpm, whereas lower temperature restricts conversion of 5-HMF to LA and FA. Hence, higher mixing speeds, i.e., &gt; 1100 rpm, and lower temperature, i.e., ≈ 120 °C, can be suggested as the optimum operating conditions for maximization of platform chemical-5-HMF in the catalytic conversion of Bambusa bamboo in batch reactor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"346 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41825337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of Cotton Seed Hulls as a Potential Feedstock for the Production of Thermostable and Alkali-Tolerant Bacterial Xylanase","authors":"Ajinath Dukare,&nbsp;Kanika Sharma,&nbsp;Vigneshwaran Nadanathangam,&nbsp;Leena Nehete,&nbsp;Sujata Saxena","doi":"10.1007/s12155-023-10646-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-023-10646-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herein, the potential of cotton seed hulls (CSH) as prospective feedstock for producing thermostable and alkaliphilic xylanase by <i>Bacillus pumilus</i> and <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> during submerged fermentation was demonstrated. Results revealed that CSH predominantly contains holo-cellulose (65.6%), alpha-cellulose (38.8%), hemicelluloses (24.5%), and lignin (18.5%). Compared to the control, 0.5% CSH-supplemented growth media better supported bacterial growth (OD₆₀₀ nm). Moreover, the extracellular xylanase production increased from 16 h and peaked at 24 h for both <i>B. pumilus</i> (359.2 U/mL) and <i>B. licheniformis</i> (360.8 U/mL). Bacterial xylanase demonstrated considerable stability at a higher temperature (55 °C). Likewise, significant xylanase activity was detected at pH 7.0. However, the enzyme also showed remarkable activity at alkaline pH (At pH 9.0, 84.61%, and 81.89% activity for <i>B. pumilus</i> and <i>B. licheniformis</i>, respectively), indicating alkali tolerance nature. These xylanolytic bacteria potentially depolymerized lignocellulosic fraction with a considerable release of fermentable monosaccharides (1175.10 ± 5.69 and 1278 ± 2.22 ug/mL for <i>B. pumilus</i> and <i>B. lichenformis</i> treated CSH, respectively). The scanning electron micrograph revealed the surface smoothness, cleanliness, and presence of cracks/grooves on xylanase-treated CSH surfaces. FTIR studies confirmed the stretching (at 3318 cm⁻¹ corresponding to the O–H peak of lignin and hemicelluloses) and deformation of inter and intermolecular bonds (at 2950–2850 cm⁻¹ related to aromatic C–H bonds present in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) of lignocellulosic components of CSH. Briefly, the study highlighted the potentiality of CSH as an alternative fermentative substrate for the biosynthesis of xylanase in a biorefinery approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"173 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42468279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Isothermal Kinetic Decomposition Characteristic of Gracilaria corticata Biomass and Its Biochar Utilization for Efficient Heavy Metals Remediation","authors":"Amit Chanchpara,&nbsp;Tarini Prasad Sahoo,&nbsp;Anil Kumar Madhava,&nbsp;Hitesh T. Saravaia","doi":"10.1007/s12155-023-10644-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-023-10644-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study utilizes differential thermo-gravimetric (TGA-DTG) based approach for iso-conversional kinetic thermal decomposition of the red seaweed; <i>Gracilaria corticata</i> biomass. The biomass undergone different heating rates (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 °C/min) under nitrogen atmosphere and differential thermo-gravimetric analysis showed multistage decomposition of biomass in five different zones. The iso-conversional methods, namely Starink, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose, and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, were applied to estimate the apparent activation energies, which found to be 146.70, 142.72, 147.43 kJ/mol respectively. The decomposition of complex biochemical constituents, i.e., polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, pigments, fatty acid, vitamins, hemicellulose, and lignin, occur between 400 and 700 K. The proteins and other cellular components are further decomposed from 900 to 1200 K. The prepared biochar from Gc-biomass were employed for the remediation of toxic heavy metals (cadmium, cobalt, copper, nickel, zinc, mercury, and lead) from mixture of solutions. Kinetic characteristics were evaluated using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion adsorption models. Among the models tested, pseudo-second-order was best-fitted to explain the kinetic characteristics of Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cd²⁺ removal by GcB-biochar. The study revealed the importance of biomass as a feed stock and biochar utilization as efficient sorbent in environmental remediation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"1055 - 1064"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46881692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}