BioEnergy Research最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced Carbon Dioxide Biofixation and Lipid Production of Chlorella sp. Using Alkali Absorber and Strategic Carbon Dioxide Supply","authors":"Diptymayee Padhi,&nbsp;Nisha Das,&nbsp;Ramalingam Dineshkumar,&nbsp;Abhishek Guldhe,&nbsp;Manoranjan Nayak","doi":"10.1007/s12155-024-10802-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-024-10802-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions rapidly increase, alternative strategies are needed to capture and mitigate carbon dioxide using microorganisms. To enhance CO₂ fixation and biomass production in microalgae, achieving the optimum concentration of dissolved carbon in the culture medium is essential. This study focuses on enhancing biomass production and CO₂ biofixation efficiency in <i>Chlorella</i> sp. BRE5 by increasing dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) through the strategic use of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and CO₂. Under shake flask study, the highest specific growth rate of 0.195 day⁻¹, biomass productivity of 123.2 mg/L/day, and CO₂ biofixation rate of 231.6 mg/L/day were found at NaOH dose of 0.25 g/L with CO₂ (1%, v/v) supplementation. Further, optimized NaOH with different supply strategies of 1% CO₂ was conducted in a photobioreactor (PBR) study. The best result was observed in PBR, where 1% CO₂ strategically sparged (3-day intervals) with optimum NaOH dose. Under this condition, biomass yield, CO₂ consumption rate, lipid productivity, and lipid content were found to be 2.25, 2.25, 4.19, and 1.87 times higher than the control. The outdoor cultivation of microalgae using a DIY bottle bioreactor (DIY BBR) was performed, resulting in less biomass and lipid productivity than that of the PBR study due to uncontrolled environmental conditions. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile comprised C16-C18 (84.86–90.69%), indicating the suitability for biodiesel production. This strategic supply of combined NaOH and CO₂ enhances DIC in the medium, facilitating both the CO₂ biofixation rate and biomass production.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142691861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Third-Generation L-Lactic Acid Biorefinery Approaches: Exploring the Viability of Macroalgae Detritus","authors":"Soo Ling Chong,&nbsp;Inn Shi Tan,&nbsp;Henry Chee Yew Foo,&nbsp;Man Kee Lam,&nbsp;Keat Teong Lee","doi":"10.1007/s12155-024-10801-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-024-10801-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rising concerns over fossil fuel depletion and plastic pollution have driven research into biodegradable alternatives, such as polylactic acid (PLA). Microbial fermentation is preferred for lactic acid production due to its ability to yield enantiomerically pure lactic acid, which is essential for PLA synthesis, unlike the racemic mixture from chemical synthesis. However, commercial lactic acid production using first-generation feedstocks faces challenges related to cost and sustainability. Macroalgae offer a promising alternative with their rapid growth rates and carbon capture capabilities. This review explores recent technological advancements in macroalgae physicochemical characterization, optimization of fermentation conditions, and innovative pretreatment methods to enhance sugar conversion rates for L-LA production. It also covers downstream processes for L-LA recovery, presenting a complete macroalgal biorefinery system. Environmental impacts and economic prospects are assessed through exergy and techno-economic analyses. By valorizing macroalgae detritus, this study underscores its potential to support a sustainable biorefinery industry, addressing economic feasibility and environmental impact.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"2100 - 2122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-024-10801-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalga Growth-Promoting Bacteria as Strategy to Improve CO2 Removal from Biogas","authors":"Claudia A. Contreras,&nbsp;Oskar A. Palacios,&nbsp;Luz E. de-Bashan,&nbsp;Francisco J. Choix","doi":"10.1007/s12155-024-10800-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-024-10800-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing microbial consortia emerges as a new research frontier since complementing metabolisms provides new biotechnological capabilities for symbiotic interaction. To date, microalgal consortia with other microorganisms, such as fungi, bacteria, or other microalga are considered a biotechnological strategy to enhance microalgal physiological performance during CO₂ removal from biogas—a gaseous by-product composed mainly of methane (CH₄, 65–70%) and CO₂ (25–30%) considered an energy source due to its high methane content. Today, microalga-microorganism interaction studies have focused on developing diverse microbial consortia to increase CO₂ fixation of biogas and their metabolic changes during processing time. Thus, the present review proposes in a novel way the use of microalgal growth-promoting bacteria (MGPB) as a suitable partner to boost microalgal physiological performance and positively influence CO₂ fixation from biogas. Furthermore, the MGPB mechanisms involved during MGPB-microalga interaction to mitigate or regulate microalgae metabolism under the stressful condition of this gaseous effluent and improve their biotechnological uses focusing on CO₂ removal from biogas are analyzed and proposed. Additionally, the microalgal ability to convert CO₂ from biogas into high-value biotechnological compounds of commercial interest is analyzed, including the economic feasibility and scalability of a microalga-MGPB consortium. This physiological knowledge of microalga-MGPG consortia notably warrants its real impact on different economic sectors as a bio-economy overview. Furthermore, the discussion between engineering and biological sciences facilitates the development of suitable bioprocesses based on microalgae.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"2082 - 2099"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-Raman Spectroscopy Explains the Population-Scale Heterogeneity in Lipid Profile in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Cultivated Under Single-Stage and Two-Stage Salt Stress","authors":"Shubhangi Pandey,&nbsp;Sandhya Mishra,&nbsp;G. Archana,&nbsp;Debjani Bagchi","doi":"10.1007/s12155-024-10799-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-024-10799-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Salt stress on green microalgae increases lipid production at the cost of cellular homeostasis. Rapid optimization of growth conditions for high lipid productivity and biomass yield is crucial for translation to industrial-scale biodiesel production. To achieve this, the present study has developed a spectroscopic non-invasive analysis of lipid molecules produced by <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> in two-stage salt stress, wherein 100 mM NaCl was added at two different time points: day 2 (D2 100) and day 4 (D4 100) of growth. Two-stage stress resulted in cell morphology like the photoautotrophic control grown in normal conditions, with negligible palmelloid formation in contrast to single-stage. Raman spectra acquired from ~ 30 individual cells in each culture revealed heterogeneities in lipid composition. Discrete wavelet transform decomposition of the Raman signal was used to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and accuracy of Raman peak center estimation. An overall increase in heterogeneity indices for fatty acid degree of unsaturation was observed under two-stage salt stress: fourfold for D2 100 and ninefold for D4 100, especially at the stationary growth phase. The ratio of the CH₂/CH₃ scissoring mode (1440 cm⁻¹) and the C = O stretching mode (1750 cm⁻¹) reveals the shortening of fatty acid chain length in D4 100. Although Raman bands of lipids formed in all growth conditions are on average like Triolein (18:1), analyses of the degree of unsaturation (1656/1440 cm⁻¹) clarify the increased content of bi and tri-unsaturation only in D4 100. This non-invasive lipid profiling reveals that D4 100 is likely a non-ideal condition to obtain high-quality biodiesel-producing lipids. A comparative analysis of single-cell fluorescence microscopy of lipid droplets and Raman intensity of lipids shows the sensitivity of Raman intensity in deciphering the relative response of the cells to salt stress.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"2384 - 2399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exergy Analysis of Integrated Methanol and Dimethyl-Ether Co-production Towards Net Zero Waste Emission","authors":"Joachim Anthony Perera,&nbsp;Zi Wei Ng,&nbsp;Arshad Adam Salema,&nbsp;Irene Mei Leng Chew","doi":"10.1007/s12155-024-10790-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-024-10790-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The energy sector, currently dominated by fossil fuels, significantly contributes to carbon emissions and climate impacts. This study addresses the urgent need for renewable energy resources and promotes the utilization of waste from Malaysia’s palm oil industry. It proposes upgrading conventional palm oil mills to integrated mills to produce valuable biofuels such as methanol (MET) or dimethyl ether (DME). Using Aspen Plus V11 for simulation, mass and energy balances were provided for feasibility analysis, including techno-economic, exergy, and carbon analysis. The integrated process demonstrated 10 to 15% higher exergetic efficiency than conventional mills, enhancing the renewability index by 40% and reducing carbon emissions to 0.50 tonne CO₂ per tonne of palm oil. The integrated mills, operating at 61–64% exergetic efficiency, achieve a 28% reduction in exergy destruction when palm wastes are recovered and transformed into biofuels. Despite an 87% increase in non-renewable exergy consumption due to additional operating requirements, the overall renewability index remains high (around 0.9), demonstrating the commercial viability and environmental benefits of this approach. Overall, this study lays the foundation for integrated palm oil mill operation by utilizing palm waste to achieve net zero waste emissions, which is a positive outlook.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"2282 - 2298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-024-10790-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass Valorization for Bioenergy Production: Current Techniques, Challenges, and Pathways to Solutions for Sustainable Bioeconomy","authors":"Neelu Raina,&nbsp;Santi Chuetor,&nbsp;Doha Elalami,&nbsp;Saida Tayibi,&nbsp;Abdellatif Barakat","doi":"10.1007/s12155-024-10792-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-024-10792-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biomass and organic residues are increasingly recognized as valuable resources for bioenergy production. Lignocellulosic biomass offers sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels for generation of bioenergy (such as biogas, bioethanol, biodiesel, and biohydrogen). Pretreatment plays a crucial role in a biomass biorefinery. It increases biomass homogeneity and production yields, thereby overcoming transportation and storage problems. However, the absence of a clear plan for biomass pretreatment represents a challenge for biomass conversion procedures. The socio-economic effects of biomass utilization are not unequivocally constructive. High investment and capital costs, technological maturity of biofuels, large-scale biomass supply, and policy and regulatory issues are among the key challenges. Despite these challenges, with the right strategies and solutions, complete biomass valorization is achievable. Solutions such as quick capital cost estimation, upgrading existing plants, optimizing biomass feedstock blends, utilizing waste biomass resources, and improving machinery efficiencies can address these challenges. Policy and regulatory challenges can be tackled through clear and long-term targets, financial and fiscal incentives, mandates and obligations, and sustainability governance supported by regulations and certifications. However, the realization of these benefits would depend on various factors such as the specific context of the biomass utilization, the available resources, and the market conditions. Thus, this work critically reviews the status of bioenergy production, the socio-economic challenges of biomass pretreatment, and its diversity in the bioenergy set-up.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"1999 - 2028"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Sisal Saponins on Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Lignocellulosic Biomass","authors":"Nogueira Cleitiane da Costa,&nbsp;Mariza Gabryella Brito dos Santos,&nbsp;Francisco Bruno Ferreira de Freitas,&nbsp;Glória Louine Vital da Costa,&nbsp;Gleyson Batista de Oliveira,&nbsp;Isabela Oliveira Costa,&nbsp;Domingos Fabiano de Santana Souza,&nbsp;Everaldo Silvino dos Santos,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo de Araújo Padilha","doi":"10.1007/s12155-024-10798-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-024-10798-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Saponins are surface-active glycosides successfully applied to produce sugars via enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. However, there are several reports that saponins compromise the integrity of yeast cells, which would limit ethanol titers. In this context, the present study evaluated the role of saponins from sisal (<i>Agave sisalana</i>) on the action of cellulases and yeast within the context of cellulosic ethanol. Microcrystalline cellulose, pretreated coconut fiber samples, and pretreated corncob samples were evaluated as cellulose sources. Sisal saponins increased cellulolytic activity in adsorption (from 20.9 to 46.4%) and enzymatic hydrolysis (33.5 to 63.0%, using alkaline-pretreated coconut fiber as substrate). However, the amount of released sugars remained unchanged in tests with pretreated biomasses. Glucose released in the hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose reduced from 22.03 to 19.09 g/L using 10% (w/w) saponins. One percent (w/w) saponins caused an abrupt decrease in the viability of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> cells within a few minutes (from 98.07 to 29.57% in 240 min), and ethanol was not produced in the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. For this reason, sisal saponins have not replicated the success of other types of saponins and are unsuitable for cellulosic ethanol production.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"2200 - 2212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the Conversion of Bio-Oil from Haematococcus pluvialis to Fatty Acid Methyl Esters","authors":"C. Sanjurjo,&nbsp;E. Rodríguez,&nbsp;M. Bartolomé,&nbsp;R. González,&nbsp;A. Hernández Battez","doi":"10.1007/s12155-024-10794-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-024-10794-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> microalgae have emerged as a prevalent source of antioxidants in cosmetics and nutritional products. Additionally, numerous researchers have posited the potential of this microalgae to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Nevertheless, the optimization of the production of FAME from <i>H. pluvialis</i> oil has not been investigated. In this study, the transesterification reaction of <i>H. pluvialis</i> bio-oil was optimized using the response surface methodology, resulting in optimal experimental conditions for an oil to methanol ratio of 1:4.17, at a temperature of 80 °C, with a reaction time of 47 min. The resulting FAME was found to not comply with the biodiesel standard in terms of the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (6.02%), as well as kinematic viscosity (7.02 mm²/s). Further study is required to reduce these parameters in order to ensure biodiesel quality and compliance with the standard. Nevertheless, its high flash point value of 150 °C and its high thermal stability within the temperature range of 211–290 °C suggest the potential for utilization as a biolubricant.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"2374 - 2383"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-024-10794-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioenergy and Value-Added Chemicals Derived Through Electrocatalytic Upgradation of Biomass: a Critical Review","authors":"Mudasir Akbar Shah,&nbsp;Wasif Farooq,&nbsp;Tasrin Shahnaz,&nbsp;Muthumariappan Akilarasan","doi":"10.1007/s12155-024-10797-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-024-10797-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrocatalytic upgradation of biomass for chemicals and energy production is an emerging approach to address the environmental issues related to chemicals and energy production. If coupled with renewable energy, this approach will further enhance the sustainability goals for the future energy and chemical sector. This work critically reviews the progress on oxidative and reductive electrocatalytic upgrading of biomass-derived chemicals such as glycerol, sorbitol, levulinic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, and bio-oil to value-added products, including 2.5-dimethyl tetrahydrofuran, 2.5-dihydroxy methyl tetrahydro furan, 2-hydroxymethyl-5-(methyl amino methyl) furan, and 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid with simulations production of hydrogen (H₂) energy. The role of the mediator in electrocatalytic upgradation serves as a high-efficiency catalytic platform for oxidation and reduction reactions. Pd and Ru exhibit promising attributes such as durability and superior electrocatalytic hydrogenation performance. Additionally, this review discusses various methods for enhancing biofuel through a multitude of approaches, such as hydrocracking, hydrotreatment, supercritical fluid processing, steam reforming, catalytic cracking, esterification, emulsification, hydrodeoxygenation, and electrocatalytic hydrogenation. Techno-economic assessment of electrocatalytic conversion of biomass to chemicals and energy are explored to identify the key contributing factors toward the economic viability of electrocatalytic upgradation of biomass for chemical and energy. Finally, research gaps are identified for further work along with economic assessment of electrocatalytic upgradation of biomass technology with and without integration of renewable energy.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"2029 - 2049"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent Pretreatment in a One-Pot Process with Napier Grass for Bioethanol Production","authors":"Kalyani Narayanan,&nbsp;Ponnusami Venkatachalam,&nbsp;Elizabeth Jayex Panakkal,&nbsp;Prapakorn Tantayotai,&nbsp;Atittaya Tandhanskul,&nbsp;Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian,&nbsp;Santi Chuetor,&nbsp;Malinee Sriariyanun","doi":"10.1007/s12155-024-10791-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-024-10791-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effective pretreatment is essential for successfully utilizing renewable resources such as lignocellulosic biomass in the production of bioethanol. In this study, ternary deep eutectic solvents (DESs), namely choline chloride/lactic acid/glycerol (ChCl/LA/Gly), choline chloride/oxalic acid/glycerol (ChCl/OA/Gly), choline chloride/lactic acid/ethylene glycol (ChCl/LA/EG), and choline chloride/oxalic acid/ethylene glycol (ChCl/OA/EG) were prepared and employed for the pretreatment of cellulose-rich Napier grass (NG). Post treatment, the NG hydrolysate was subjected to enzymatic saccharification followed by ethanol fermentation. The results showed effective delignification of NG after treatment with the prepared ternary DESs, with ChCl/LA/EG removing a maximum of 92.89% lignin. The efficiency of the prepared DESs is attributed to their low densities, pH, and viscosity. Enzymatic saccharification of ChCl/LA/EG-treated NG resulted in a 1.68 fold increase in reducing sugar yield compared to that of untreated NG. All pretreated NG produced more bioethanol via a separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) process than untreated NG after <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> fermentation. A maximum of 0.37 g bioethanol/g of biomass was obtained from the one-pot process using ChCl/LA/Gly pretreatment. FTIR and XRD analyses of untreated and pretreated NG corroborated the efficacy of the ternary DESs on cellulose recovery and delignification. Also, enzymatic and microbial inhibition studies on the prepared DESs show their potential to be employed in a one-pot process for biorefinery. The results of the present investigation show the potential of utilizing eco-friendly DESs and renewable resources for the production of bioethanol, a viable option to fossil fuels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"2213 - 2225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}