Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124575
Jester Lih Jie Ling , Hyungseok Nam , Doyeon Lee , Zhuang Liu , Ha Eun Lee , Karen Min Jin Wong , See Hoon Lee
{"title":"Recent innovations in chemical looping: Fluidized bed design and oxygen carrier performance","authors":"Jester Lih Jie Ling , Hyungseok Nam , Doyeon Lee , Zhuang Liu , Ha Eun Lee , Karen Min Jin Wong , See Hoon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical looping processes are innovative and efficient technologies for hydrogen and chemical production applications. These processes involve the cyclic oxidation and reduction of metal oxide particles within interconnected fluidized bed reactors. The present study provides an overview of the developments in chemical looping fluidized bed reactors and oxygen carriers used for reforming, gasification and hydrogenation. Bed material criteria are considered for both oxygen carriers and feedstocks. An analysis was conducted of the structure and physical properties of the materials and substances, and their performance during complex multi-redox cycles was evaluated. The role of oxygen carriers in various chemical cycling processes and the establishment of a physical standard has been the subject of extensive research. In addition, emphasis was placed on controlling the fluidization regimes within chemical looping processes. For instance, adjusting the fluidizing conditions can yield syngas with up to 70 vol% hydrogen using sorbent-based looping system. This study highlights the importance of constructing particle models that integrate both thermodynamic properties and associated hydrodynamic motions. The implementation of chemical looping processes in fluidized bed reactors is in alignment with the increasing demand for sustainable and low carbon renewable energy technologies, particularly when biomass is used as a feedstock with solar thermal energy for BECCS applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 124575"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124577
Chan Ha , Yuanyuan Zheng , Sibo Wang , Jiang Qin , Chenghao Li , Cong Wang , Xiaogang Wang
{"title":"Study on coupling mechanism of flow-heat transfer-chemical reactions and zonal optimization strategy in reformer","authors":"Chan Ha , Yuanyuan Zheng , Sibo Wang , Jiang Qin , Chenghao Li , Cong Wang , Xiaogang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To establish guiding principles for reformer structural design and develop corresponding design methodologies, it is essential to investigate the coupling mechanisms among flow, heat transfer, mass transfer, and chemical reactions within reformers under key parameters. Accordingly, a coupled flow-heat transfer model incorporating chemical reactions was developed and experimentally validated. Subsequently, the influence of operational parameters on reforming performance was systematically analyzed. Comparative studies indicate that optimal performance-characterized by high conversion rates and hydrogen production-is achieved at a flow rate of 15 mL/min, steam-to-carbon ratio (S/C) of 1.4–1.7, and wall temperature of 500 K. Analysis of intra-reformer coupling characteristics reveals distinct zoning in the axial growth rate of the Damköhler number (<em>Da</em>), which reflects the temporal distribution of flow and reaction processes. Based on this finding, the reformer channel was partitioned into three optimization zones, and tailored regulation strategies were developed for each zone. Furthermore, analysis of the <em>Da</em> and Lewis (<em>Le</em>) numbers reveals that while a high <em>Da</em> number remains critical for achieving superior conversion rates, optimal conversion efficiency can be attained when elevated mass diffusion rates are coupled with moderated thermal diffusion, corresponding to <em>Le</em> numbers in the range of 0.5–1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 124577"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust imputation of missing photovoltaic power data using a weather- and context-aware hybrid transformer framework","authors":"Chunyu Zhang , Xueqian Fu , Dawei Qiu , Hamed Badihi , Haitong Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate imputation of missing photovoltaic (PV) power data is critical for ensuring the reliability of downstream energy management systems. This paper proposes a novel imputation framework that leverages both external knowledge and internal data patterns to enhance imputation performance in complex scenarios with high missing data rates. A weather-prompt and context-knowledge fusion mechanism is designed to incorporate meteorological features alongside coarse imputation results. These semantic prompts provide valuable environmental and temporal context, improving the model's ability to better understand missing data regions. The core architecture features a hybrid design that integrates Transformer modules with diagonal masked self-attention (DMSA) to capture different levels of temporal dependencies. These modules work synergistically with coarse-to-fine imputation layers and context-aware refinement blocks, enabling progressive data reconstruction and robust generalization across varying conditions. Comprehensive robustness evaluations demonstrate the model's ability to maintain high imputation accuracy even under extremely high missing rates. Compared with the strongest baseline, our model reduces MAE and RMSE by up to 50.5 % and 55.0 % on the DKASC dataset and 47.4 % and 52.9 % on the Hebei dataset under 90 % missing conditions. Furthermore, the model remains effective in scenarios where meteorological inputs are unavailable, when missing rates differ between the training and testing phases, or when the input PV data is collected at different time resolutions. These findings highlight the strong adaptability and practical applicability of the proposed imputation framework for real-world PV data scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 124576"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124579
Edyjancleide Rodrigues da Silva , Júlio de Andrade Oliveira Marques , Rodolfo Luiz Bezerra de Araújo Medeiros , Dulce Maria de Araújo Melo , José Luiz Francisco Alves , Renata Martins Braga
{"title":"Optimizing hydrocarbon yield from co-pyrolysis of Agave sisalana bagasse and multilayer plastic film wastes for sustainable fuel production using simplex-centroid mixture design and principal component analysis","authors":"Edyjancleide Rodrigues da Silva , Júlio de Andrade Oliveira Marques , Rodolfo Luiz Bezerra de Araújo Medeiros , Dulce Maria de Araújo Melo , José Luiz Francisco Alves , Renata Martins Braga","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The production of alternative fuels to replace fossil-derived products constitutes a significant research topic, given the need for sustainable solutions that support energy transition and decarbonization of the transport sector. In this context, this pioneering study investigates the co-pyrolysis of Agave sisalana (sisal) bagasse with two types of multilayer plastic waste: polyethylene film with an aluminum barrier (PFA) and polyethylene film with an ethylene-vinyl alcohol barrier (PFE). The experiments were conducted in a micro-pyrolyzer coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), using a simplex centroid mixture design to optimize compositions and principal component analysis (PCA) to interpret the data. While the isolated pyrolysis of sisal bagasse resulted in 58.78 % oxygenated compounds, co-pyrolysis with 50 % PFA provided a maximum yield of 91.39 % aliphatic hydrocarbons, representing a 2.97-fold increase compared to the pyrolysis of the isolated residue. PFA demonstrated a superior synergistic effect to PFE when combined with sisal bagasse. The results indicate that this combination can produce hydrocarbon-rich pyrolytic oil, significantly contributing to sustainable waste management and advancing the “waste-to-energy” concept by converting residual materials into alternative transportation fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 124579"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124578
Kareem Younes , Majed Bin Saad , Harry Apostoleris , Tareq Farrah , Gaël Nardin , Mathieu Ackermann , Noé Bory , Jaime Viegas , Matteo Chiesa
{"title":"A crop-agnostic baseline for agrivoltaics: Field-Proven characterization of Micro-CPVs with diffuse light transmission","authors":"Kareem Younes , Majed Bin Saad , Harry Apostoleris , Tareq Farrah , Gaël Nardin , Mathieu Ackermann , Noé Bory , Jaime Viegas , Matteo Chiesa","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) systems cannot capture diffuse light and require bulky sun-tracking. In this work, we characterize a commercially oriented, semi-transmissive, micro-CPV with integrated tracking optically, thermally, and electrically under the sand-laden, hot desert climate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates to evaluate its potential for agrivoltaics and ability to contribute towards the interplay of the food-energy nexus. When the module operates in an “Electricity” mode (E-mode) by focusing direct light on micro-cells, the peak electrical efficiency was 26.9 % while 14–26 % of the incoming irradiance was uniformly transmitted as diffuse light underneath. When climate conditions are not favourable for electric generation, switching to a “Maximum Light Transmission” mode (MLT-mode) yielded a transmittance up to 71.61 %, providing a daily illuminance (daylighting applications) of 1.84 × 10<sup>9</sup> lumens m<sup>−2</sup> day<sup>−1</sup> and Daily Light Integral (DLI) dose of 29.69 mol<sub>PAR</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>, suitable for moderate-to-high light crops. On the thermal front, the air temperature beneath the panel surpasses the ambient temperature by a range of 10–15 °C, and the solar cell temperatures ran <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo></mrow></math></span> 27 °C above ambient at midday. Based on the data and observations of a 1-year crop-agnostic module characterization, we identify design improvement and manufacturing errors, mostly in the field of optics and tracking-integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 124578"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124538
Muhammad Riaz , José Carlos R. Alcantud , Yasir Yasin , Toqeer Jameel
{"title":"Integration of recursive feature elimination in renewable energy sources with evaluation based on relative utility and nonlinear standardization","authors":"Muhammad Riaz , José Carlos R. Alcantud , Yasir Yasin , Toqeer Jameel","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to renewable energy (RE) is essential for sustainable development and energy security, especially in rapidly urbanized areas. This research presents a new decision-making framework designed to identify the most effective renewable energy sources for Shenzhen, China. The framework employs Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) to condense 14 initial criteria to the 5 most significant factors, thereby improving evaluation efficiency while maintaining analytical accuracy. This method integrates a logarithmic percentage change-driven objective weighting technique (LOPCOW) with evaluation based on relative utility and nonlinear standardization (ERUNS), which is subsequently enhanced through the application of the linear diophantine fuzzy soft-max average (LiDFSMA) operator. This hybrid model addresses uncertainty in multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) by employing advanced weighting and aggregation techniques. Empirical results indicate that solar thermal power is the most effective alternative for Shenzhen, due to its reliable power generation capacity and suitability for areas with direct sunlight. Pseudocode inclusion promotes transparency and facilitates replicability. The proposed method provides a reliable, objective, and flexible instrument for RE planning, significantly influencing the acceleration of sustainable energy adoption in urban environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 124538"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GLM-based optimization of a 3D-Printed spiral milli-reactor for biodiesel synthesis using a design of experiments framework","authors":"Saksham Bhatia , Lakshmi Vedula , V.M. Rajesh , Abdul Quiyoom , Vinod Kumar , Rakshit Pranab","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a GLM-based optimization strategy for biodiesel production in a continuous-flow 3D-printed spiral stainless-steel milli-reactor. A Design of Experiments (DoE) framework evaluated the effects of methanol-to-oil (MTO) ratio, KOH concentration, reaction temperature, flow rate, and reactor geometry on biodiesel yield and triglyceride (TG) conversion. Catalyst concentration, MTO ratio, and channel design emerged as dominant factors, while flow rate and temperature exhibited comparatively weaker yet interconnected effects. The SSY45 spiral reactor, featuring a 45° Y-junction inlet, enhanced mixing and phase dispersion for efficient biodiesel synthesis. The GLM model identified optimal conditions: 94 % biodiesel yield at 60 °C, 3.27 wt% KOH, 6:1 MTO ratio, and 3 mL/min flow rate; and 96 % TG conversion at 50 °C, 4.1 wt% KOH, 12:1 MTO ratio, and 3 mL/min flow rate. Both targets were achieved within ∼63 s, demonstrating the reactor's process efficiency. GLM predictions matched experimental results closely, confirming the model's reliability. This work highlights the potential of spiral milli-reactor design combined with statistical optimization for efficient, continuous biodiesel production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 124567"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124562
Xabier Randez, Fabienne Sallaberry, Alberto Garcia de Jalon, Olaia Itoiz
{"title":"Validation of a simulation method for the optical and thermal characterization on small-sized parabolic trough collector for process heat applications","authors":"Xabier Randez, Fabienne Sallaberry, Alberto Garcia de Jalon, Olaia Itoiz","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, the need for clean energy and energetic dependency has become a critical issue due to global warming caused by the greenhouse effect resulting from the excessive use of fossil fuels, mainly for producing heat in industry (<200 °C). The solar parabolic trough collector, PTC, with one-axis solar tracking is a potential candidate for providing thermal energy to the industry, so contributing to the decarbonisation of this sector. Currently, new commercial products and several prototypes are appearing, but the key components and structure are still the main elements. In this study, one small-sized PTC for industrial solar heat applications has been developed through optical design and thermal modeling. It has been validated by optical measurements and outdoor testing according to international standard ISO 9806. This collector is designed for working up to 200 °C with thermal an overall efficiency about 75 %, following ISO standard. Furthermore, an analytical model for the inspection of solar tracking error has been developed and validated. The optical simulation is conducted through the Monte Carlo ray-tracing technique in Tonatiuh, and the thermal simulation is conducted in CFD. Measurements are conducted in the experimental testing ring in the facilities of CENER (Centro Nacional de Energias Renovables) which is part of its testing laboratory accredited by ENAC, Spanish accreditation body, and recognized by SolarKeyMark in Europe. The simulation and experimental results obtained show a maximum difference of 0.8 %, demonstrating the validity of the models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 124562"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124573
Jesús Montes-Romero, Alejandro Cruz-Escabias, Florencia Almonacid, Eduardo F. Fernández
{"title":"Comparative analysis of semi-transparent photovoltaic technologies for agrivoltaic applications","authors":"Jesús Montes-Romero, Alejandro Cruz-Escabias, Florencia Almonacid, Eduardo F. Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we analysed the potential of various semi-transparent photovoltaic (PV) modules for agrivoltaic applications. To this end, we evaluated four modules: CdTe with 50 % and 20 % transparency, respectively, aSi with 20 % transparency, and cSi with 60 % transparency using interspaced cells. The analysis included the current-voltage measurements, environmental factors such as the solar spectrum and temperature, and the spectral transmittance of each module to estimate the energy passing through for agrivoltaic purposes. The performance ratio analysis revealed varying behaviours based on the transparency levels for CdTe and marked seasonality for aSi. Higher transparency modules exhibited slightly lower operating temperatures. The energy output per square meter was highest for the cSi60 module, generating 129.7 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>/year, followed by CdTe20 (123.3 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>/year), aSi20 (117.5 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>/year), and CdTe50 (95.16 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>/year). The spectral analysis demonstrated that the cSi60 module transmitted the most visible light, making it ideal for agrivoltaics, whereas the aSi20 module transmitted more infrared radiation. The variation in the photosynthesis analysis for the ‘Berner Rose’ tomato indicated that only the CdTe50 and cSi60 modules reached plant saturation, with annual photosynthesis levels of 92 % for cSi60, which is the highest among the modules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 124573"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124566
Wenya Xu , Yingjun Ruan , Yanxue Li , Fu Xiao , Tingting Xu , Yuting Yao , Hua Meng
{"title":"Investigation and evaluation of strategic residential heat and transport electrification for supporting deep grid decarbonization","authors":"Wenya Xu , Yingjun Ruan , Yanxue Li , Fu Xiao , Tingting Xu , Yuting Yao , Hua Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid decline in the levelized cost of renewable energy and the scale-up application of distributed heat pumps (HPs) and electrical vehicles (EVs) provide efficient conditions for the electrification of residential buildings. However, the rising penetration of distributed energy resources (DER) significantly change the dynamics of the power grid balancing. Enhancing system flexibility and enabling multi-energy coupling are necessary to facilitate the realization of a sustainable decarbonization pathway. This work proposes a grid-interactive schedule model of the residential energy system. Aggregated historical data of residential buildings in Kyushu are used to validate the proposed demand management strategies and assess the benefits of coordinating HP and EV operations under diverse scenarios. The results demonstrate that the rising EV and HP penetration create higher demands on the grid, especially in winter, characterized by more peak demand and higher slopes. Moreover, the peak demand difference among these scenarios reaches a factor of two. PV integration mitigates the increase in peak electricity demand and increases the self-sufficiency ratio by 32 %. Furthermore, some scenarios can achieve fully on-site PV generation consumption. Transport electrification shows a greater impact compared to hot water electrification. Overall, all the scenarios demonstrate the operation cost savings with increased DER penetration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 124566"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}