Operational strategy and configuration optimization of a distributed energy supply system coupled with metal hydride hydrogen storage and PEMFC

Abstract

The volatility of solar energy and user demand affects the stability of hydrogen based distributed energy supply systems. To address this issue, this study takes a region in Shandong Province of China as an example and constructs a PEMFC-MH distributed energy system equipped with electric and heat storage devices. The focus is on investigating key indicators such as energy efficiency and investment payback period under six different configuration schemes. The findings indicate that Scheme 1 suffers from poor coordination between electric and heat management, while Schemes 5 and 6 effectively balance both, demonstrating superior electric-heat synergy. In terms of energy efficiency, Scheme 5 leads with 87.4 %, followed by Scheme 6 at 83.3 %, reflecting efficient waste heat utilization. Economically, Schemes 2, 5, and 6 show relatively short payback periods, with Scheme 5 emerging as the optimal option for further research. Additionally, optimizing the capacity allocation between battery and hydrogen storage during winter enhances thermal efficiency, with an optimal battery range of 450 Ah to 780 Ah ensuring high performance and favorable payback periods. This study offers valuable insights into resource allocation strategies, essential for improving the reliability and sustainability of renewable energy systems in the face of growing energy demands.