{"title":"Novel and efficient vanadium-loaded montmorillonite catalyst for the synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from glucose and fructose","authors":"Congcong Zhao, Jian Zhang, Guo Qiu, Yan Sun, Yongguo Liu, Hongyu Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), as an important biomass derivative, has received widespread attention due to its ability to be converted into numerous high value-added chemicals. In this work, a low-cost and efficient vanadium-loaded montmorillonite (V-Mont) catalyst for the transformation of glucose and fructose to 5-HMF was prepared using the ion exchange method, possessing both strong Brønsted acid and Lewis acid sites. The highest 5-HMF yields of 63.33 % and 70.02 % with almost complete conversion were obtained from glucose at 160 °C for 2 h and from fructose at 170 °C for 20 min, respectively. The V-Mont catalyst in saturated salt water system also achieved a satisfactory result in 5-HMF synthesis and was recycled for four times with no obvious loss of activity. The mechanism was speculated and validated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, indicating that among the three calculation models, the energy barrier crossed by the [VO(OH)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup> catalytic reaction was the lowest, further demonstrating the mononuclear pentavalent [VO(OH)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup> as a dominant species could accelerate the synergetic proton transfer in the glucose isomerization process and promote the positive progression of chemical equilibrium. This study provides a novel and green strategy to further design efficient catalytic system for 5-HMF production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 124011"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-07-15DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124007
Km Pragya Mishra, Brijesh Kumar Pandey
{"title":"Simulation-driven materials engineering of CsBX3 perovskite solar cells for enhanced operational stability","authors":"Km Pragya Mishra, Brijesh Kumar Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cesium-based metal halide perovskite (CsBX<sub>3</sub>) has emerged as promising absorber materials for next-generation perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Despite their full potential, several challenges, such as minimizing structural defects, ensuring effective energy level alignment between the electron transport layer (ETL) and hole transport layer (HTL), and identifying optimal device architectures, have limited their practical performance. In this study, we utilized SCAPS-1D simulation software, to investigate various device configurations incorporating different CsBX<sub>3</sub> compounds, including CsGeCl<sub>3</sub>, CsGeBr<sub>3</sub>, CsGeI<sub>3</sub>, CsSnCl<sub>3</sub>, CsSnBr<sub>3</sub>, CsSnI<sub>3</sub>, CsPbCl<sub>3</sub>, CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>, and CsPbI<sub>3</sub>. These materials were evaluated with a Copper Barium Tin Sulfide (CBTS) HTL and a Zinc Oxysulfide (ZnOS) ETL. CsBX<sub>3</sub> compositions influence key parameters like absorber thickness, defect density, doping levels, resistances (both series and shunt), temperature effects, and interface properties. Among the different configurations optimization, the best performance came from a structure using the Au/CBTS/CsGeI<sub>3</sub>/ZnOS/ITO configuration. This setup delivered an impressive V<sub>oc</sub> of 1.2552 V, J<sub>sc</sub> of 23.9512 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, FF of 89.07 %, and an overall PCE of 26.78 %. These findings offer valuable guidance for the future design and optimization of CsBX<sub>3</sub>-based perovskite solar cells, reinforcing their potential in high-efficiency, stable photovoltaic technologies and supporting further experimental progress in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 124007"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123993
Xiaoqing Gao , Zhimin Yang , Jiang Ying , Yi Liu , Pin Zhang , Xuelong Ni , Zhenchao Li
{"title":"Effect of utility-scale photovoltaic power stations on upward long-wave radiation and calculation model in Gobi Desert","authors":"Xiaoqing Gao , Zhimin Yang , Jiang Ying , Yi Liu , Pin Zhang , Xuelong Ni , Zhenchao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction and operation of photovoltaic (PV) power stations alter the physical properties of the underlying surface, thereby changing surface energy distribution. This study used observational data from inside and outside a utility-scale PV power station in Gobi Desert to analyze PV power stations’ impacts on upward long-wave radiation. The study finds that the difference in upward long-wave radiation between the inside and outside of the PV power station is influenced by numerous factors. The relatively low surface temperature in the open areas between PV arrays is the primary reason for the significantly lower daytime upward long-wave radiation inside the PV power station compared to that of the natural Gobi Desert. The difference in soil thermal conductivity between the inside and outside of the PV power station is the main factor leading to the lower surface temperature inside the station. Additionally, a computational model, PV3R, was developed to calculate the upward long-wave radiation from PV power stations. The verification results indicate that the model can accurately calculate the upward long-wave radiation from the surface of PV power stations. The development of this model is significantly importance for the advancement of land-surface process models for PV power stations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 123993"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123999
João Victor Furtado F. de Medeiros , Emerson Torres Aguiar Gomes , Rodrigo Alonso-Suárez , Olga de Castro Vilela
{"title":"Combining physical models to estimate PV power: evaluation and optimal modeling in the solar resource-rich semi-arid Brazilian region","authors":"João Victor Furtado F. de Medeiros , Emerson Torres Aguiar Gomes , Rodrigo Alonso-Suárez , Olga de Castro Vilela","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate estimation of energy production in photovoltaic power plants is crucial for project feasibility assessment and O&M practices. This study evaluates and analyzes the impact of combining different physical models for PV power modeling, varying different techniques for global horizontal irradiance (GHI) separation, irradiance transposition, and optical, thermal and electrical modeling. High-resolution data collected at 1-min intervals from a 2.5 MWp PV plant located in the Brazilian semi-arid region are used. The PV generation is examined and modeled based on ground-measured GHI, considering a total of 11,340 possible combinations, through seven separation models, nine transposition models, four optical models, nine thermal models, and five electrical models. It is observed that the selection of physical models significantly impacts the estimation, when adopting inaccurate physical models relative differences of 49 % in nMAE and 26 % in nRMSE were evidenced. The models which achieved the best results among the top performers were Starke2 separation model, Perez's transposition model, Martin-Ruiz's optical model, Sandia or Mattei's thermal model and De Soto's electrical model. Additionally, selecting adequate models based on the literature proved to be a good choice for modeling, almost achieving the optimal performance of the best combinations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 123999"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123905
R.D.G.F. Harshini , P.G. Ranjith , W.G.P. Kumari
{"title":"CO2 foam vs. conventional Methods: Enhancing deep geothermal energy recovery in extreme conditions","authors":"R.D.G.F. Harshini , P.G. Ranjith , W.G.P. Kumari","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foam-based stimulation is emerging as an innovative and sustainable alternative for geothermal energy extraction, offering improved efficiency and reduced environmental impact compared to traditional water-based methods. This study introduces a novel carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) foam stimulation technology, specifically designed to enhance geothermal energy recovery under high-pressure (20–50 MPa) and high-temperature (22–200 °C) conditions. The CO<sub>2</sub> foam's ability to improve heat transfer, increase permeability, and significantly reduce water consumption addresses the critical limitations of conventional techniques. In this experimental investigation, CO<sub>2</sub> foam stimulation was compared to water and supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (ScCO<sub>2</sub>) stimulation, with fracture behaviour visualized using CT scanning and analysed through AVIZO 2021.2. Results revealed that CO<sub>2</sub> foam exhibits superior performance, with a 4 % higher breakdown pressure than water and 6 % higher than ScCO<sub>2</sub>, leading to the creation of more complex and effective fracture networks. Importantly, the use of CO<sub>2</sub> foam reduced water usage by 12 %, marking a significant environmental advantage. The innovative nature of CO<sub>2</sub> foam stimulation lies in its ability to induce complex, multi-fracture systems due to CO<sub>2</sub> dissipation into the wellbore boundary, enhancing overall reservoir performance under extreme conditions. The findings suggest that this novel CO<sub>2</sub> foam stimulation technology offers a significant advancement in geothermal energy recovery by not only outperforming conventional methods but also addressing sustainability concerns, making it a promising tool for future energy extraction in environmentally sensitive regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 123905"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124002
Katia Mohand Saidi , Bassam A. Najri , Derya Yıldız , Smail Khelili , Arif Kivrak , Hilal Kivrak
{"title":"Hafnium melamine-based metal-organic frameworks for efficient hydrogen release from sodium borohydride in methanol","authors":"Katia Mohand Saidi , Bassam A. Najri , Derya Yıldız , Smail Khelili , Arif Kivrak , Hilal Kivrak","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel hafnium-melamine metal-organic framework (Hf-MEL MOF) was successfully synthesized via a solvothermal approach, utilizing melamine and hafnium (IV) chloride (HfCl<sub>4</sub>) in ethanol at 78 °C. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), were employed to elucidate its structural, molecular, and morphological properties. Hydrogen production through the methanolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH<sub>4</sub>) was systematically evaluated, highlighting the exceptional performance of the Hf-MEL MOF catalyst. Under the optimal reaction conditions, 5 mg of catalyst, 150 mg of NaBH<sub>4</sub>, and 2 mL of methanol at a temperature of 30 °C, the material reached a high hydrogen generation rate (HGR) of 78.75 L/min.g<sub>catalyst</sub>. The kinetic studies through the Arrhenius equation gave an activation energy (<em>Ea</em>) of 10.7 kJ/mol. Density functional theory calculations (DFT) confirmed the excellent catalytic performance of the catalyst with an energy gap (ΔE<sub>gap</sub>) of 2.122 eV. Furthermore, the catalyst showed a notable stability, with activity maintained for five consecutive cycles with no apparent loss in performance. The results hence place Hf-MEL MOF as a highly efficient and robust catalyst toward hydrogen production, with its applicability in practice for sustainable and portable hydrogen-based energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 124002"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A clean biorefinery process for converting corn stover into hydrogen, electricity, and aromatic flavor compounds","authors":"Jianjun Ding , Caihong Weng , Ling Zhao , Xiaowei Peng , Yejun Han","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional biomass biorefinery typically involves pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and chemical or biological conversion. This study aims to explore a clean biorefinery approach to convert corn stover into clean energy and aromatics without chemical or physicochemical pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Firstly, corn stover was anaerobically fermented with <em>Clostridium cellulolyticum</em> under pH-adjusted process, generating a hydrogen yield of 57.2 mL/g stover and soluble organic compounds (SOCs). At a corn stover concentration of 10 g/L, the degradation rates of cellulose, xylan, arabinan, and lignin were 61.4 %, 58.3 %, 79.2 %, and 17.9 %, respectively. Subsequently, SOCs derived from anaerobic fermentation were used as substrates to construct microbial fuel cell (MFC) and microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) using <em>Shewanella putrefaciens</em>. In the MFC system, the open circuit voltage and maximum power density were 0.63 V and 16.9 mW/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. In MEC system, when an external voltage of 0.7 V was applied to the circuit, the maximum hydrogen yield at the cathode reached 12.9 mL/g SOCs. After MFC/MEC treatment, SOCs were utilized and valuable aromatic flavor compounds, such as 2-methoxyphenol and α-isomethyl ionone, were produced. Through the biorefinery coupling anaerobic fermentation with MFC/MEC, all components of corn stover were utilized, and hydrogen, electricity, and aromatic flavor compounds were produced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 124006"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123995
Bo Yang , Boxiao Liang , Shuai Zhou , Yucun Qian , Ruyi Zheng , Hongchun Shu , Peng He , Jingbo Wang , Lin Jiang , Yiyan Sang , Hongbiao Li
{"title":"A novel bio-inspired caterpillar fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) optimizer for SOFC parameter identification via GRNN","authors":"Bo Yang , Boxiao Liang , Shuai Zhou , Yucun Qian , Ruyi Zheng , Hongchun Shu , Peng He , Jingbo Wang , Lin Jiang , Yiyan Sang , Hongbiao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate parameter identification is crucial for the optimal control and performance assessment of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) due to the high non-linearity in its modeling. To solve this, this study develops a novel caterpillar fungus optimizer (CFO) for SOFC parameter identification, coupled with generalized regression neural network (GRNN) for data preprocessing. The proposed CFO is characterized by powerful searching capabilities and strategic operators designed to overcome the challenges of local optimums. For a comprehensive validation, twenty-three standard benchmark functions are applied for analysis, demonstrating the effectiveness of CFO in finding the optimal solution and proficiency in escaping local optimums. Regarding the implementation for SOFC parameter identification, initially, GRNN is employed to filter out noise from the experimental data. The refined data are then transferred to CFO alongside four other competitive algorithms to identify unknown SOFC parameters. In this work, two widely studied SOFC models, i.e., electrochemical model (ECM) and simple electrochemical model (SECM) are adopted for validation under MATLAB and SimuNPS. The simulation results demonstrate that CFO, after data preprocessing, can identify the optimal parameters with robustness, speed, and accuracy. For instance, it achieves a maximum improvement in identification accuracy of 94.41 % and 94.10 % for ECM and SECM, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 123995"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124005
Weiyi Jiang, Jujie Wang, Shuqin Shu, Xuecheng He
{"title":"An enhanced differential learning wind speed interval-value prediction system based on optimal collaborative interval decomposition and strategic model selection","authors":"Weiyi Jiang, Jujie Wang, Shuqin Shu, Xuecheng He","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wind speed prediction is crucial for enhancing clean energy generation and optimizing power resource scheduling. Traditional point prediction oversimplifies the complex interplay of factors contributing to variability and uncertainty. In contrast, interval-value prediction more effectively reflects the complexity of wind speed variation by constructing a series of wind speed variation ranges. Therefore, an enhanced differential learning wind speed interval-value prediction system based on optimal collaborative interval decomposition and strategic model selection is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the improved singular spectrum analysis (SSA) is established to decompose the maximum and minimum wind speed series of the target time period respectively, and the optimized reconstruction error is created to match the interval subsequences with different characteristic attributes. Then a variety of advanced intelligent prediction models are introduced to predict each interval subsequence. The prediction model with the best performance is selected by designing the comprehensive evaluation index (CEI). Finally, enhanced mutual information analysis is used to evaluate the contribution of each selected model and make further fine-tuning and integration. Through the empirical study of two wind farms in China, the CEI reached 0.39 and 0.14, respectively, which confirmed that the system has excellent predictive performance and robustness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 124005"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A unified single-controller approach of an MPPT and droop control for solar PVs in DC microgrid under unequal and partial shading conditions","authors":"Mallikarjuna Golla , D.V. Sudarsan Reddy , Subbaiyan Thangavel","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of DC microgrids, there has been a growing trend towards integrating solar photovoltaic (PV) sources to generate distribution in remote locations. In order to ensure the effective operation of PV sources, it is necessary to implement an efficient controller that can manage their intermittent nature and uncontrollable penetration in various conditions. This work aims to develop an effective maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and droop-coordinated control method for PVs under unequal shading conditions in a DC microgrid, allowing maximum power extraction and load sharing using a single controller. Further, it will operate with the same controller in droop mode (voltage control method) to balance the power during excess power generation of PVs and enable the parallel operation of multiple PV sources. By sensing DC bus voltage, the single controller works on both MPPT and droop mode to eliminate additional switches as in conventional methods. Most importantly, the proposed controller is shown to outperform during the partial shading of PVs. The proposed controller with the converter is designed and modelled with a DC microgrid in the MATLAB/Simulation platform. Power flow management and maximum power extraction performance is thoroughly tested and evaluated under diverse operating conditions. Thereby, the total efficiency of the system is increased. It reduces the complexity of the controller and low computational burden for real-time deployment. Furthermore, the practical viability of the proposed control method is validated by developing a prototype hardware setup in the laboratory. Comparing the suggested control method to state-of-the-art methodologies and benchmarks, the experimental findings show that it is feasible. As a result, it is regarded as a potential option for both MPPT and droop control during unequal and partial shading conditions for accurate power-sharing with voltage stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 123940"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}