International Journal of Thermal Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Pool boiling enhancement and durability test of dielectric fluids on thermal sprayed aluminum oxide coated surfaces","authors":"Mubarak Salisu ,&nbsp;Shixue Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The low boiling temperatures of Novec 649 and Novec 7100 dielectric fluids are advantageous for applications in electronic thermal management. This study examined pool boiling on thermal sprayed micro-porous aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) coatings, which improved fluid imbibition and boiling stability compared to copper surfaces. The coated Al₂O₃ surfaces have higher critical heat fluxes (CHF) and enhanced heat transfer coefficients (HTC) than the plain copper surfaces for both the Novec 649 and Novec 7100 fluids. Novec 649 had up to 130 % higher HTC with a 62 % higher CHF than on a copper surface. Novec 7100 had 150 % higher HTC with a 92 % higher CHF. Boiling stability testing is crucial when developing modified surfaces. These tests showed that the coated surface boiling characteristics were stable with both Novec 649 and Novec 7100 after four days of boiling curve measurements up to CHF with steady boiling for 12 h between each boiling curve test. The CHF superheat was 7 °C higher on the copper surface with Novec 7100 than on the coated surface, indicating a lower HTC, mainly due to oxidation that reduced surface roughness. This study provides a systematic comparison of the performance and aging of thermal sprayed Al₂O₃ coated surfaces with those of copper surfaces. This aging test is vital for practical application, as it establishes the coating as a promising solution for high-performance, durable direct-immersion cooling of electronics using dielectric fluids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 110745"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulating lithium dendritic evolution at interface by thermal management for ultrafast charging lithium-ion battery","authors":"Tong Xu ,&nbsp;Feng Jiao ,&nbsp;Fei Chen ,&nbsp;Runlong Li ,&nbsp;Xinyi Zou ,&nbsp;Jianwei Wang ,&nbsp;Weiqing Shi ,&nbsp;Shizhao Xiong ,&nbsp;Chengwei Ma ,&nbsp;Jiangqi Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to establish a direct link between battery pack thermal management and micro-scale lithium dendrite evolution to mitigate thermal runaway risks during ultrafast charging. Ultrafast charging technology is important to the development of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles. However, it also aggravates the risk of thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries due to the evolution of lithium dendrites on anode caused by cell heat production. It is crucial to regulate the evolution of lithium dendrites at the electrode interface by thermal management. In this work, the structural optimization design of battery packs and the growth of lithium dendrites under ultrafast charging are simulated by thermal management model and phase-filed model, respectively. The batteries achieve the highest heat dissipation (lowest temperature difference) when the cell arrangement angle θ₁ is 50° with a charging rate of 4C. Furthermore, the cooling performance at high charging multiplicity is improved by optimizing the inlet of the thermal management model, resulting in a 45.5 % reduction in temperature difference and supressed growth of lithium dendrites. Optimizing the battery pack structure to control heat dissipation and thus inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites can avoid the risk of thermal runaway in ultrafast charging lithium-ion batteries. A bridge between the electrochemical performance of battery pack and evolution of lihtium dendrite microstructures in batteries is built based on this innovative design, providing valuable theoretical insights for optimizing and managmant of electric vehicle power battery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 110737"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of non-uniform carbon distribution in electrode on carbon segregation during electroslag remelting of W9Cr4V2Mo steel","authors":"Huan Cao,&nbsp;Zhongqiu Liu,&nbsp;Wenbin Yang,&nbsp;Yinbo Geng,&nbsp;Xuechi Huang,&nbsp;Baokuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A two-dimensional multi-physics coupled model was developed to investigate carbon segregation during the electroslag remelting (ESR) of W9Cr4V2Mo steel. Three models with different initial carbon distributions were established to investigate their effect on final segregation after ESR: uniform distribution, edge-rich distribution, and center-rich distribution. The results show that the initial carbon distribution directly governs final carbon segregation by altering fluid flow within the mushy zone. Specifically, a center-rich carbon distribution enhances fluid flow in the mushy zone during early solidification, promoting greater solute transport into the molten pool. This leads to increased negative segregation at the ingot bottom. As solidification progresses, the accumulated solute further intensifies positive segregation in the center, resulting in the most severe overall carbon segregation. Quantitative analysis shows that an electrode with center-rich carbon distribution yields a carbon segregation index of approximately −0.086 at the center and −0.350 at the ingot edge during early solidification, representing increases of about 66 % and 9 %, respectively, compared to the electrode with edge-rich distribution. These findings emphasize the critical role of the initial carbon distribution in controlling carbon segregation during the ESR process, providing valuable insights for optimizing the process and improving the quality of W9Cr4V2Mo steel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 110730"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic heat flux analysis in a high-pressure turbine","authors":"N. Medina ,&nbsp;J. Saavedra ,&nbsp;G. Paniagua ,&nbsp;F. Lozano","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work explores the unsteady heat flux distribution on a high-pressure turbine vane subjected to periodic fluctuations in inlet total temperature, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The vane experiences sinusoidal fluctuations in temperature, with peak-to-peak amplitudes of 50 K over the investigated frequency range. Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations are conducted using the <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>–<span><math><mi>ω</mi></math></span> SST transitional turbulence model, which accounts for turbulent production, dissipation, and convective heat transfer, thereby enabling the prediction of time-resolved stagnation effects on both velocity and thermal boundary layers.</div><div>The computational model has been verified by comparing predicted pressure distributions and surface heat fluxes with experimental data obtained from a high-pressure turbine vane. The analysis focuses on the temporal development of near-wall velocity and temperature profiles over the oscillation cycle, highlighting the mechanisms driving the transient heat transfer response. Furthermore, spectral proper orthogonal decomposition is applied to identify the dominant flow and thermal structures controlling the unsteady momentum and heat transfer dynamics. Insights into the evolution of the thermal boundary layer provide guidance for improving flow management and cooling strategies, aiming to mitigate vane thermal loading while reducing coolant requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 110724"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A numerical study on cryogenic sprays under different break-up regimes","authors":"Mattia Pelosin ,&nbsp;Francesco Duronio ,&nbsp;Paolo Albertelli ,&nbsp;Tommaso Lucchini ,&nbsp;Zhifu Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiameng Tian ,&nbsp;Bin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CFD simulation of cryogenic sprays represents a challenging task that requires an accurate modeling of the specific thermodynamic-induced primary break-up and evaporation rate. This work presents a computational approach based on the Eulerian–Lagrangian framework to simulate cryogenic flashing sprays. Dedicated models are included to account for flash boiling in atomization, nozzle flow and phase change processes, removing the need to tune conventional break-up models to describe the spray evolution when flash boiling atomizing takes place. The proposed methodology is validated using experimental measurements of local spray properties (velocity, droplet diameter and temperature). The proposed model accurately captures the characteristics of the different breakup regimes (mechanical, transient and fully flashing break-up) reproducing experimental data both in terms of spray morphology and the thermophysical evolution of the vapor and liquid phases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 110749"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of axis switching and local heat transfer in multiple elliptical free surface water jet impingement","authors":"Abhijit Madhav Date,&nbsp;Janani Srree Murallidharan,&nbsp;S.V. Prabhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study experimentally investigates the local and overall heat transfer from multiple elliptical free surface water jets impinging on a thin stainless-steel foil under constant heat flux. Local surface temperatures are measured using infrared thermography to obtain detailed Nusselt number distributions. A symmetric 3 <span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span> 3 jet array with a hydraulic diameter of 3 mm and a pitch of <span><math><mn>4</mn><mi>d</mi></math></span> is examined for two elliptical orientations, namely streamwise and spanwise. The jets issue from a 2 mm thick orifice plate and impinge on a 0.06 mm thick foil. Experiments are conducted for Reynolds numbers from 1700 to 8500 and <span><math><mrow><mi>z</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>d</mi></mrow></math></span> ratios from 2 to 10.</div><div>To the authors’ knowledge, axis switching is experimentally demonstrated for the first time in multiple elliptical free surface jets. The switching direction depends on jet orientation and shows a 90° phase difference between the two configurations. Local Nusselt numbers decrease with spanwise distance, but this decay weakens as Reynolds number increases. The influence of <span><math><mrow><mi>z</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>d</mi></mrow></math></span> on stagnation and spanwise average heat transfer remains within 10–15%, indicating a stronger effect on cooling distribution than on magnitude. Stagnation, spanwise average and overall average Nusselt numbers nearly double over the tested Reynolds number range.</div><div>The overall average Nusselt number is nearly identical for both orientations, showing that axis switching mainly affects local heat transfer patterns. Streamwise oriented elliptical jets outperform circular jets reported in the literature, providing 30–45 % higher local Nusselt numbers and 70–100 % higher overall averages at low Reynolds numbers and 45–50 % at higher Reynolds numbers. The proposed cosine-based correlations predict approximately 97 % of the data within 20% accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 110746"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal-flow characteristics and field synergy principle analysis in pin-fin manifold microchannels","authors":"Xilong Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Beibei Li ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenlin Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically compares six pin-fin configurations (Cases 0–5) in manifold microchannel heat sinks (MMCHS) through numerical simulation and experimental validation: Case 0 serves as the baseline conventional grooved structure, while Cases 1–5 explore novel designs including in-line rectangular pin-fins (Case 1), staggered rectangular pin-fins (Case 2), circular pin-fins with equilateral triangular pitch (Case 3), rhombus-shaped pin-fins rotated 45° (Case 4), and hybrid circular-rhombus configurations (Case 5). The results demonstrate that all pin-fin variants outperform the baseline by reducing fluid velocity and pressure drop, with Case 4 exhibiting the most significant performance enhancement – achieving 81.4 % thermal resistance reduction and 22.8 % higher convective heat transfer coefficient compared to Case 0. The rhombus-shaped pin-fins in Case 4 also demonstrate superior temperature uniformity, supported by field synergy angles that are 17.8 % lower than Case 0. Performance evaluation criterion (<em>PEC</em>) improvements range from 12.6 % for hybrid designs (Case 5) at high flow rates to 35.5 % for the optimal rhombic configuration (Case 4), with Cases 2 and 3 showing intermediate performance. This comprehensive analysis establishes the rhombic pin-fin structure as the most effective solution for simultaneously reducing thermal resistance and pumping power in MMCHS applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 110674"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-fidelity full-scale three-dimensional thermal-hydraulic characteristics analysis of the primary and secondary side in a steam generator","authors":"Chunjie Zeng ,&nbsp;Defang Mu ,&nbsp;Hanrui Qiu ,&nbsp;Mingjun Wang ,&nbsp;Ge Wu ,&nbsp;Wenxi Tian ,&nbsp;Guanghui Su","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The full-scale three-dimensional (3D) distribution characteristics of thermal-hydraulic parameters in a Steam Generator (SG) are crucial for the performance evaluation and safety analysis, which determine the economic efficiency and safety of nuclear power systems under long-term operation. Therefore, improving the prediction accuracy of the SG's 3D thermal-hydraulic field is one of the main development directions for SG analysis codes. A full-scale, tube-level computational model of the 55/19B steam generator (SG) was constructed using STEAM (Steam generator Tube-level thErmal-hydraulic Analysis platforM), a high-fidelity 3D code incorporating a two-fluid model developed by the Nuclear Thermal-hydraulic Laboratory at Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU-NuTHeL). Detailed thermal-hydraulic analysis was conducted for both the primary and secondary sides of the SG. Regarding the secondary side fluid domain, the simulation accurately reproduced the low void fraction distribution in the central bending tube region. Furthermore, areas susceptible to flow-induced vibration were pinpointed by analyzing crossflow energy. In the SG primary side flow domain, the characteristics of flow distribution in tube bundles were obtained, with a dimensionless standard deviation of 0.1 for the flow rates of the 4474 tubes. The influence of the channel head structure on flow distribution was also analyzed. Research on the high-fidelity tube-level 3D distribution characteristics of key thermal-hydraulic parameters on both sides of a full-scale SG can provide critical data support for SG flow-induced vibration analysis and design optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 110658"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature-dependent thermal radiative characteristics of micro/nanoparticles for solar photothermal catalysis: experimental and theoretical investigation","authors":"Guijia Zhang,&nbsp;Shiquan Shan,&nbsp;Ziying Cheng,&nbsp;Jialu Tian,&nbsp;Jinhong Yu,&nbsp;Zhijun Zhou,&nbsp;Kefa Cen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The radiative characteristics of photothermal catalyst particles directly affect the capture and utilization of solar radiation in photothermal chemical reactions. However, mechanisms by how temperature rise affects the radiative characteristics of composite catalyst micro/nanoparticles are neglected. In this study, the temperature-dependent thermal radiative characteristics of the composite CuO/ZnO/Al₂O₃ (Cu/Zn/Al) catalyst were measured and simulated under multi-temperature conditions. The results indicate that when the temperature is greater than 479 K, the normal reflectance of the Cu/Zn/Al particles for near-infrared waveband beyond 1100 nm increases compared with that at room temperature. The optical constants of the catalyst that determine the absorption and scattering properties of particles are temperature dependent and are reported for reference, with a maximum relative variation of 4.71 %. Elevating temperature increases the extinction cross-section of the particles in the near-infrared region, while also enhancing the interaction in particle clusters. In addition to the enhancement of overall extinction, elevated temperature significantly alters the ratio of the scattering cross-section to the absorption cross-section. When the temperature increases to 563K, the relative increase in the scattering/absorption cross-section ratio for near-infrared radiation is up to 40.03 %, accompanied by an enhancement in backscattering. These results suggest that temperature leads to an increase in the catalyst reflectance of near-infrared waveband. The obtained temperature-dependent radiation characteristics provide a reference for the radiation heat transfer calculation application of the photothermal catalytic system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 110689"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing thermal properties: Understanding the combined effect of granular phase change materials and graphite in dry mixtures","authors":"Tairu Chen ,&nbsp;Wenbin Fei ,&nbsp;Guillermo A. Narsilio","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficiency of both thermal energy storages and borehole ground heat exchangers in shallow geothermal systems depends on the energy storage and heat transfer rate of the backfilling materials used. Phase change materials (PCMs) can store and release heat at a relatively constant temperature (large latent heat). Incorporating PCMs into backfills can improve overall thermal energy density and thus benefit thermal energy storage and shallow geothermal energy systems. However, due to the low thermal conductivity of PCMs, the overall heat transfer rate through these backfill mixtures may be reduced. Therefore, other additives are needed to increase heat transfer efficiency, while maintaining the enhanced thermal storage effect on the backfill material. Graphite is a candidate for this purpose given its superior thermal conductivity. In addition, glass fines are used in this work, to explore a novel approach for recycling glass waste. Dry mixtures are prepared with different proportions of encapsulated PCMs (EPCMs), graphite and glass fines, and their heat capacity and thermal conductivity are measured in the laboratory. Furthermore, the internal structure of the mixture is observed via imagining techniques including scanning electron microscope and computed tomography. Grain-scale numerical simulations based on the obtained images reveals the particle-scale heat transfer pattern in the proposed backfill mixture materials. Experimental results show that incorporating EPCMs and graphite can lead to an average of 40 % increase in heat capacity without sacrificing thermal conductivity. The advanced numerical modelling shows that heat transfer is mainly determined by the contacts and distribution of glass fines in the mixtures, and that EPCMs under phase transition hinder overall heat transfer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 110720"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}