International Journal of Thermal Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Novel interface model for integration of molten powder distributive properties into multiphase simulation of directed energy deposition","authors":"Stanley Jian Liang Wong ,&nbsp;Chengxi Chen ,&nbsp;Eddie Tan Zhi'En ,&nbsp;Srinivasan Raghavan ,&nbsp;Hua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the Directed Energy Deposition (DED) process, the effect of molten powder distributive properties on melt pool characteristics is not well known due to complex phenomena that occur during deposition, and a lack of technique to model it. In this study, a novel deposition method known as Molten Powder Interface Layer (MPIL), is proposed for integration of molten powder distributive properties into multiphase simulation of directed energy deposition via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver. The MPIL deposition method is validated with present experimental results and open literature, which demonstrates agreeable trends. The MPIL deposition method enables the study of molten powder distributive properties such as mass, velocity, and temperature on melt pool characteristics of the DED process. Finally, the MPIL deposition method is used for better understanding the performance of nozzle on melt pool characteristic for selection of preferred powder ejection nozzle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109789"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel heatsink with vertical partially-open ducts for natural convection","authors":"Shwin-Chung Wong,&nbsp;An-Cheih Ho,&nbsp;Wun-Chien Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel partially-open-duct heatsink (PODHS) is proposed to enhance natural convection under a vertical orientation. This PODHS maintains an unshrunk virtual chimney effect, associated with an unshrunk volume of the hot plume, above the heatsink as for a closed duct heatsink (CDHS). Simultaneously, it lowers down and uniformizes the temperature of the rising flow in the rear part of a CDHS by swirling in the outside cold air to improve the performance. Above all, this novel PODHS design with a narrow axial opening can be easily manufactured by extrusion. Single-channel computations for convection are conducted for three heatsink samples, a PODHS, a CDHS, and a traditional plate-fin heatsink (PFHS), with common heatsink height of 200 mm, fin width of 2 mm, heatsink base of 3 mm, and fin length of 16 mm. The partial opening widths of the PODHS is 2 mm. The results indicate that the PODHS significantly outperforms a CDHS and the traditional PFHS, especially the latter. Also, a relatively large fin spacing, at least two times of that for the PFHS, can be selected to reduce its weight and cost. Experimental verification of the numerical results is provided by comparing the three different multi-channel heatsinks at two heat transfer rates and one temperature difference between the heatsink base and the ambience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109791"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A numerical study of blockage and inclination effects on natural convection in a uniformly heated air flow channel","authors":"Siyu Ji,&nbsp;Quang Duy Nguyen,&nbsp;Yixiang Gan,&nbsp;Chengwang Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study is concerned with the flow behaviour and thermal performance of an air flow channel subject to uniform heating with an adiabatic circular cylinder symmetrically positioned in the channel. A two-dimensional numerical study is conducted, covering a range of blockage ratios (<span><math><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow></math></span>, the ratio between the cylinder diameter to the channel width), inclination angles (<span><math><mrow><mi>φ</mi></mrow></math></span>, relative to horizontal plane), cylinder positions (<span><math><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow></math></span>, the distance from the inlet), and Rayleigh numbers (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span>, up to 6.0 × 10¹¹). It is observed that vortices shed from the cylinder interact with the thermal boundary layers (TBLs) adjacent to channel walls, which disturbs downstream TBLs and enhances mixing in the channel. For <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span> = 6.0 × 10¹¹, the averaged lateral wall temperature of a vertical channel (<span><math><mrow><mi>φ</mi></mrow></math></span> = 90°) drops by 31 % at <span><math><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow></math></span> = 0.50, and the mass flow rate through the channel increases by 40 % at <span><math><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow></math></span> = 0.25 compared to an unblocked vertical channel (i.e., without the cylinder). In a channel inclined at <span><math><mrow><mi>φ</mi></mrow></math></span> = 30°, up to 29 % reduction of the averaged wall temperature is achieved compared to an unblocked inclined channel at <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span> = 6.0 × 10¹¹. However, the inclination of the channel from the vertical position generally deteriorates its thermal performance. Moreover, at <span><math><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow></math></span> = 0.75 and <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span> = 6.0 × 10¹¹, the flow skews towards one lateral wall at <span><math><mrow><mi>φ</mi></mrow></math></span> = 30° and 90°, resulting in an irregular wake, but the flow structures are more symmetric at <span><math><mrow><mi>φ</mi></mrow></math></span> = 60°. The results reported here provide a passive strategy to design obstacles in convective flow channels for optimising thermal performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109783"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial desiccant-crosslinked hydrogel beads for air dehumidification","authors":"Juri Sonowal ,&nbsp;Abhishek Roy ,&nbsp;P. Muthukumar ,&nbsp;R. Anandalakshmi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising demand for space cooling and the need to reduce carbon footprints have spurred interest in alternative air-conditioning systems. Desiccant systems, known for their energy efficiency and high moisture capture capacity, offer a promising solution. This study presents novel alginate beads, synthesized through crosslinking with magnesium chloride-potassium formate desiccant mixture at concentrations of 25 w/v% (B1), 50 w/v% (B2), and 75 w/v% (B3) for application in a desiccant system. The beads were characterized using FESEM, FTIR, XRD, DSC, and TGA to identify the optimal desiccant concentration while the absorption kinetics were modeled using the pseudo-second-order approach. Results indicated that B2 exhibited superior performance in absorption rate, thermal stability, and pore size distribution compared to B1 and B3. Additionally, all samples demonstrated antibacterial properties, enhancing air quality during dehumidification. Moisture removal performance was evaluated experimentally using a fixed bed dehumidifier system under varying air mass flow rate (<em>m</em>_<em>a</em>), specific humidity (<em>ω</em>), and temperature (<em>T</em>_<em>a</em>). Optimization through response surface methodology (RSM) identified the optimal conditions of <em>m</em>_<em>a</em>, <em>ω</em> and <em>T</em>_<em>a</em> as 0.374 kg/s, 0.0243 kg/kg, and 29.7 °C respectively, yielding a predicted maximum moisture removal rate (MRR) of 6.814 g/s. Experimental validation showed a deviation of ±4.3 %, confirming the accuracy and reliability of the results. The proposed hydrogel beads demonstrated notable advantages over traditional solid desiccants in terms of enhanced thermal stability and antibacterial properties, while maintaining significant moisture absorption capacity, making them an excellent choice for energy-efficient dehumidification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109776"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental and numerical study of cooling by air/water mist jet impingement at low mist loading fraction","authors":"Arjun Sikka,&nbsp;Dushyant Singh,&nbsp;Subhash Chander","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The air/water mist jet impingement phenomenon on a flat target with constant heat flux has been studied experimentally and numerically. The effects of various operational variables on the heat transfer characteristics of the mist jet have been analyzed through an experimental study. These variables are the air Reynolds number (Re_a = 5305–10297), the mist loading percentage (<em>f</em> = 0 %–1.5 %), and the nozzle-to-plate spacing ratio (H/D_o = 20–40). Additionally, the computational study investigates the effects of the nozzle ratio parameter (D_i/D_o = 0.1–0.3) and droplet diameter (2 μm–100 μm) on mist jet impingement. A comparison between Eulerian-Eulerian and Eulerian-Lagrangian modeling techniques for simulating the air/water mist jet has been provided. The current computational findings based on the Eulerian-Eulerian method accord well with the experimental data, with an accuracy of 15 %; however, numerical predictions using the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach deviate significantly from the experimental results, with errors of up to 65 %. The increase in Re_a results in a greater improvement in the stagnation point Nusselt number, up to 85.32 %, compared to 34.99 % with an increase in <em>f</em>. Furthermore, a rise in <em>f</em> causes a greater spread of the mist jet flow in the domain and on the target impingement surface than an increase in Re_a. When D_i/D_o increases from 0.1 to 0.3, the stagnation point Nusselt number increases by approximately 55.67 %. In addition, the spread of the mist jet flow in the domain increases as the D_i/D_o ratio increases. Experimental correlations have been developed based on studied parameters for calculating the Nusselt number values on the flat target.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109788"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas/liquid slug flow-based thermal management technique for enhanced proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance","authors":"Behnam Vojoudi,&nbsp;Ali Ahmadpour,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Hajmohammadi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study numerically investigates the use of gas/liquid slug flows for the thermal management of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Given that a significant portion of the energy produced by PEMFCs is dissipated as heat, effective thermal management is crucial for enhancing their efficiency and operational stability. To address this, a three-dimensional, multi-phase, and non-isothermal model of a PEMFC is developed using OpenFOAM. The governing equations are discretized using the finite volume method, and the volume of fluid method (VOF) is adopted to capture the gas/liquid interface across the cooling channels. The effect of two-phase cooling is examined on the temperature distribution, water content distribution, proton conductivity, and the current density of the PEMFC for different two-phase Reynolds numbers. Moreover, the thermohydraulic performance of the slug flow is evaluated using a well-defined performance evaluation criterion (PEC). The results indicate that two-phase cooling outperforms single-phase cooling of PEMFC, achieving up to <span><math><mrow><mn>65</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span> enhancement in the convective heat transfer coefficient, which leads to a <span><math><mrow><mn>9.6</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span> reduction in the membrane temperature. Additionally, PECs up to 1.4 are reported for the slug flows. These enhancements indicate possible uses in automobile fuel cell systems, portable power sources, and backup power systems. This study may stimulate additional research via experimental endeavors and the investigation of novel cooling methodologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109756"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical study on showerhead film cooling effectiveness of adjustable guide vane installation angle for variable cycle Aeroengine","authors":"Xiaohui Bai,&nbsp;Helong Jin,&nbsp;Yingjie Du,&nbsp;Haoyun Gao,&nbsp;Cunliang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a critical component of variable cycle engine, the adjustable turbine guide vane adapts to the aero-engine flow requirements by varying its installation angle (<em>θ</em>). However, research on film cooling techniques for adjustable turbine guide vanes is still insufficient. In this study, we conducted an investigation into showerhead film cooling, measuring its cooling efficiency using pressure-sensitive paint, and analyzing its flow characteristics through numerical simulations. Furthermore, three improved cooling schemes for showerhead cooling of adjustable turbine guide vane were proposed and compared for their enhancement effects. The results indicate that a decrease in installation angle leads to a shift of the stagnation line on the leading edge towards the pressure side and a reduction in the passage area, resulting in an increase in the pressure coefficients on both the suction and pressure sides. At the same time, installation angle significantly affects the coolant distribution in the leading edge film holes. A decrease in installation angle increases the coolant flow rate on the suction side of the leading edge, thus increasing the non-uniformity of coolant distribution. However, increasing the Mass flow ratio can mitigate this effect. Among the three proposed improved cooling schemes, it was found that reducing the hole inclination angle and changing the film hole layout significantly improved the film cooling effectiveness and the consistency of the cooling effect. The cooling scheme that adjusted the hole inclination angle resulted in a maximum increase of 62.5 % in film cooling effectiveness (<em>η</em>), while the cooling scheme that modified the hole layout reduced maximum variation in film cooling effectiveness (Δ<em>η</em>_max) by 43.9 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109786"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How campus green space elements differently influence students' thermal perception during transition seasons?","authors":"Xidong Ma ,&nbsp;Zhihao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanmi Chen ,&nbsp;Wenzheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Campus green space (CGS) is an important factor in shaping the outdoor thermal environment, which profoundly affects students' thermal perception. In order to explore its influence mechanism with thermal perception twenty-four CGS observations were installed inside Tianjin University. Through measurements and subjective surveys (<em>N</em> = 48), real-time data for six CGS elements, five outdoor thermal environment parameters, and three thermal perception indicators were obtained. By using statistical analysis, the differential influence relationships and mechanisms of CGS on outdoor thermal environment and thermal perception under natural conditions in transition seasons were then quantified. It was found that: (1) CGS with lower weighted height, moderate sky view factor and lower absorption coefficient can create more pleasant outdoor thermal environment and thermal perception. CGS with lower weighted height and higher sky view factor tended to have a more comfortable thermal perception but violent amplitude, and vice versa was more stable. 13:00 to 14:00 was the common node where the best outdoor thermal environment and thermal perception appeared. (2) Weighted height, absorption coefficient, and sky view factor had differential effects on thermal perception by modulating air temperature, surface temperature, relative humidity, and mean radiant temperature. Weighted height was the prerequisite for the overall outdoor thermal environment and thermal perception, with nine pathways and 67.34 % contribution. Mean radiant temperature was the key mediator for the tandem influence paths. (3) It is recommended to control the weighted height around 2.50m, choose materials with moderate or low absorption coefficient values and light colors, and shape the sky view factor consisting of closely planted deciduous trees. These results can provide a valid basis for the integrated improvement of thermal perception during the CGS design process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109767"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental study of flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drop of hydrofluoroolefin and hydrocarbon mixtures in a plate heat exchanger","authors":"Xiaohui Huang ,&nbsp;Ji Zhang ,&nbsp;Fredrik Haglind","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zeotropic mixture flow boiling in plate heat exchangers is an important heat transfer process that is relevant for a wide range of applications including organic Rankine cycle and heat pump systems, however, the basic theories of the governing heat transfer mechanisms remain poorly understood. This paper presents an experimental investigation of zeotropic mixture flow boiling in a plate heat exchanger, contributing to the state-of-the-art by providing an analysis of the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of different types of zeotropic mixtures, the heat transfer degradation of the mixtures, and the influential parameters on heat transfer degradation, as well as an evaluation of the applicability of the current heat transfer and pressure drop predictions methods. For this purpose, two types of zeotropic mixtures, R1234ze(E)/R1233zd(E) and propane/isobutene, were tested at three reduced pressures of 0.45, 0.55 and 0.65, corresponding to the bubble point temperature ranging from 61 °C to 131 °C. The heat flux was varied from 14.2 kW/m² to 37.6 kW/m² and mass flux ranged from 52 kg/m²s to 137 kg/m²s. The results indicate that there is a similarity of the heat transfer characteristics between the mixtures and their pure-component fluids, while the two types of mixtures show different heat transfer characteristics due to the differences in their thermo-physical properties. Moreover, the results suggest that the heat transfer degradation of the mixtures with respect to their pure-component fluids can go up to 34 %, with the degradation being largest for working conditions corresponding to weaker heat transfer performance. The evaluated prediction methods are able to provide the good predictions for the zeotropic mixtures, with mean absolute percentage deviations of 9.3 %–11.7 % for the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient predicted by the three prediction methods and a mean absolute percentage deviation of 8.6 % for frictional pressure drop.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109762"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical calculation method for the thermal resistance of litz wires","authors":"Tianyuan Chen,&nbsp;Zhigang Zhao,&nbsp;Shi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared to solid round wire, litz wire is widely used in high-frequency conditions to reduce winding losses, such as in high-frequency transformers or high-speed electric machines. However, the complex structure of the litz wire makes it challenging to accurately assess its thermal resistance. Existing methods ignore the effect of different heat sources on the radial thermal resistance and the impact of twisting structure on axial thermal resistance is rarely studied. In this paper, an analytical calculation method of litz-wire thermal resistance is presented, which considers the heat sources from outside and inside the litz wire respectively. The changes in heat transfer paths due to twisting structures in bundle or strand level are covered in the discussion of axial thermal resistance. Furthermore, differences in thermal resistance expressions caused by different fillings between strand interspace are derived. Finally, the proposed model is verified by comparing the measurement results of four different types of litz wires.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109754"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}