International Journal of Thermal Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Deep learning driven ultra-broadband solar absorber based on Ti–Si3N4 composite multilayer structure","authors":"Yihao Zhao ,&nbsp;Rundong Yang ,&nbsp;Xiangfu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient harvesting and utilization of solar energy is a key strategy for addressing the global energy crisis. However, current solar absorbers still require improvements in both broadband spectral response and absorption efficiency. In this work, we propose a novel composite stacked structure and optimize its structural parameters using deep learning to achieve a near-ideal absorption spectrum. The absorber unit cell utilizes titanium (Ti) substrate and integrates Ti-Si₃N₄ stacked four-lobed structure, Ti arc-faced cubic pillars structure and Ti cylindrical structure. To facilitate device design and achieve near-perfect absorption spectra, we construct a deep learning-based design methodology and establish an inverse mapping between the ideal absorption spectra and structural parameters. The mean squared error (MSE) between the designed and target spectra based on the optimized structural parameters is on the order of 10⁻⁴. Simulation results show the design achieves an average absorption of 99.06 % in the 310–3010 nm, with absorption consistently above 95 % across a 2700 nm bandwidth. The solar absorption efficiency reaches 98.75 % under the AM1.5 conditions. In terms of thermal radiation performance, it achieves a thermal emission efficiency of 99.44 % at 1300 K operating temperature, demonstrating excellent photothermal conversion capabilities. Moreover, the proposed solar absorber exhibits polarization insensitivity and wide-angle tolerance, and maintains high absorption across a wide range of structural parameter variations, indicating good fault tolerance. Thus, our design holds significant potential for applications in efficient solar energy collection, photothermal conversion, and thermal radiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110310"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic and magneto-convective performance of Fe3O4- Al2O3–MWCNT ternary nanofluids in transitional flow regimes","authors":"Victor O. Adogbeji ,&nbsp;Tartibu Lagouge ,&nbsp;Mohsen Sharifpur ,&nbsp;Josua P. Meyer","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of advanced heat transfer fluids plays a vital role in improving the thermal efficiency of next-generation cooling systems. This study presents an experimental investigation into the magneto-thermal behavior of a ternary hybrid nanofluid (THNF) formulated from <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Fe</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Al</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) dispersed in deionized water (DIW). The study spans transitional and turbulent flow regimes (Re 2300–7000) with nanoparticle volume fractions ranging from 0.025 % to 0.4 %. In the transitional regime, the ternary nanofluid achieved a peak Nusselt number enhancement of 29.49 % at 0.05 vol%, with optimal trade-offs in heat transfer and pressure drop observed near 0.3 vol%. Turbulent regime enhancements ranged from 2.89 % to 14.63 %, with diminishing returns at higher concentrations. To further augment convective performance, externally applied magnetic fields with sine, square, and triangular waveforms were introduced. Among them, square wave excitation yielded the highest thermal gain (up to 39.21 %), followed by triangular (38.13 %) and sine waves (35.5 %) in transitional flows. Magnetic modulation consistently improved heat transfer in both regimes, albeit with increased pressure loss. A Thermal Efficiency Index (TEI) analysis revealed values above unity across all test cases, indicating a net thermohydraulic benefit. Furthermore, an entropy generation assessment showed that waveform-induced mixing mitigated thermal and viscous irreversibilities, thereby enhancing overall thermodynamic efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of waveform-controlled magnetic fields to optimize nanofluid performance in regime-sensitive thermal applications</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110275"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual prediction model-based optimization of Cantor fractal microchannel structures under high heat flux","authors":"Xue Min,&nbsp;Xuan Wang,&nbsp;Xin Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the continuous increase in chip integration and computational load, the exponential growth of local heat flux density poses a formidable challenge to microelectronic cooling technologies. Traditional microchannel heat sinks (MCHS) encounter difficulties in achieving coordinated thermal-hydraulic optimization under high heat flux (q_w) conditions, where heat transfer enhancement tends to reach a state of saturation, while the pressure drop (ΔP) exhibits a nonlinear growth with increasing Reynolds number (Re). This study proposes a phased modeling and optimization strategy for Cantor fractal microchannel structures under low Re conditions, aiming to balance thermal resistance (R_t) and ΔP performance. Initially, a single-variable analysis was conducted to evaluate how critical geometric parameters influence the flow and thermal performance of the CF-MCHS. A response surface model (RSM) is then constructed to decouple the local influence and interaction trends of structural parameters. Subsequently, Sobol sensitivity analysis is introduced to quantify the global parameter contributions and uncover higher-order interaction effects. To address the shortcomings of traditional surrogate models in highly nonlinear regimes, this research develops a LightGBM model and an MLP neural network to independently predict ΔP and R_t. A genetic algorithm (GA) is introduced based on a normalized weighted objective function to search for the optimal structural parameters. The optimal parameter set is determined to be b/a = 0.1, f_y = 1.375, and f_x = 1.69. Numerical simulations conducted on the optimized structure confirm that the relative error between predicted and simulated values remains below 5 %. It is evident that, relative to the baseline structure, the optimized design achieves a maximum ΔP reduction of 28.84 % while maintaining controllable variations in R_t. This research offers theoretical foundations and engineering guidance for the design of fractal-based thermal management strategies for electronic systems operating under high q_w.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110298"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodic “L”-shaped grating metasurface for VIS-infrared-laser compatible camouflage","authors":"Ziping Zhou,&nbsp;Yue Liu,&nbsp;Yufang Liu,&nbsp;Mengdan Qian,&nbsp;Kun Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the growing threat posed by multispectral detectors, it is of urgent significance to achieve simultaneous camouflage compatibility across the visible (VIS), mid-wave infrared (MWIR), long-wave infrared (LWIR) bands, and the 10.6 μm laser wavelength. Here, we propose an “L”-shaped grating metasurface emitter stacked of S1818/Al/Mo/ZnS multilayers. Based on thin-film interference in the multilayer stack, the metasurface can be tuned to exhibit a range of structural colors in the visible region. Under orthogonal polarization illumination, the \"L\"-shaped grating generates a reflection phase difference close to 180°, resulting in the low specular reflectance required for laser radar camouflage (the specular reflectance at 10.6 μm is 0.05). Meanwhile, due to the excellent reflective properties of the Al layer, the metasurface exhibits low average emissivity in the MWIR (ɛ_3–5μm≈0.026) and LWIR (ɛ_8–14μm = 0.019) ranges, effectively reducing infrared detectability. Experimental results show that the sample exhibits a specular reflectance of 0.16 at the 10.6 μm. The average emissivity is 0.06 in the MWIR (3–5 μm) band and 0.09 in the LWIR (8–14 μm) band, validating the good compatible camouflage capability both for the infrared bands and the 10.6 μm laser wavelength. Moreover, the structural colors in the visible range closely resemble those of natural objects. This work demonstrates the feasibility of the “L”-shaped grating metasurface multispectral camouflage design strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110303"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer transition of fuel rod caused by CRUD growth","authors":"Guolian Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Liu ,&nbsp;Xiang Chai ,&nbsp;Tengfei Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui He","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whether the growth of corrosion-related unidentified deposit (CRUD) layer on fuel rod cladding enhancing or deteriorating heat transfer is still unclear due to the harsh reactor core environment, complex CRUD micro-structures as well as internal boiling. This study investigates the process of CRUD growth over a fuel cycle under varying operational conditions and builds a database encompassing heat transfer coefficient, morphological features, CRUD interior and surface thermal resistances. Based on the database, a heat transfer model by considering CRUD in terms of boiling number, chimney area and Darcy number is developed through parameter sensitivity analysis and multiple linear regression, and the relative error is within ±12 %. By comparing the heat transfer coefficients between CRUD-covered rod and bare rod, the heat transfer transition caused by CRUD growth can be predicted concisely and intuitively. Overall, the increase of CRUD interior thermal resistance gradually counteracts the boiling enhancement effect of CRUD porous morphology, leading to a transition from enhanced to deteriorated heat transfer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110268"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study of local heat transfer characteristics of flow boiling in a vertical upward narrow rectangular channel","authors":"Jian Cheng ,&nbsp;Leren Tao ,&nbsp;Cheng Jin ,&nbsp;Zheming Cheng ,&nbsp;Meng Li ,&nbsp;Suhan Zhang ,&nbsp;Wanying Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a numerical investigation of flow boiling in a vertical upward narrow rectangular channel with heating on one side. The study utilizes a volume of fluid (VOF) model for interface tracking, coupled with a phase change Lee model to obtain the temperature, velocity and phase distribution in the channel. The dimensions of the channel are 1400 mm × 250 mm × 3 mm (Height × Width × Gap size), and the analysis is conducted at different heights. The local heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) are analyzed by varying the inlet temperature and mass flux. The findings indicate that increasing in the inlet temperature enhances the local heat transfer in the partially developed nucleation boiling region, but has less effect on the fully developed nucleation boiling region; increasing in the mass flux weakens the heat transfer in the initial region of nucleation boiling but enhances it for the region farther away from the nucleation sites. The flow boiling is divided into sub-regions with different flow patterns and heat transfer mechanisms corresponding to different regions, and the trends of flow patterns and heat transfer in different regions and the influencing factors are analyzed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110300"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-dimensional heat transfer and melt flow in the laser-affected zone at selective laser melting of thin walls","authors":"Andrey V. Gusarov,&nbsp;Roman S. Khmyrov,&nbsp;Tatiana V. Tarasova,&nbsp;Sergey N. Grigoriev","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selective laser melting (SLM) is employed for obtaining thin-wall elements including lightweight lattice structures. The so-called single-track walls can be considered as thermally thin in the scale of the laser-affected zone. Thus, heat and mass transfer in such a zone become essentially two-dimensional. An original setup is developed for high-speed imaging of the laser-affected zone. Melt pool dimensions are measured as function of process parameters in 170 μm-thick plates of Sn60Pb40 alloy. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of two-dimensional conductive heat transfer and thermocapillary-driven convection is developed. The conservation laws for mass, momentum, and energy are numerically solved by a second-order Godunov finite-volume method using an original Riemann solver developed for the applied equation of state. The CFD model is validated by comparison with the experiments. Laser processing is numerically simulated for thin walls of AlSi10Mg and Sn60Pb40 alloys and Fe. Formation of two outward vortices in the melt pool is revealed. Surface-active impurities can make the surface tension-temperature function non-monotonous giving raise additional vortices with the opposite inward flow direction. The influence of melt convection on the melt pool size is not considerable in the conditions of selective laser melting (SLM). The flow velocity in the melt pool is around or less than the laser scanning speed. This means insufficient mixing in the melt pool. The correlation between the error of the Rosenthal model and the latent heat of fusion is carefully studied resulting an analytical model for estimating the melt pool depth. In the studied SLM cases, the accuracy of the developed analytical model is within 10 % relative the CFD model. The obtained experimental and theoretical results indicate that the melt depth is approximately proportional to linear energy density LED in the typical conditions of SLM. This can be useful when optimizing the SLM process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110253"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of heat pipes for the thermal management in proton exchange membrane fuel cells","authors":"Xiaomin Shi,&nbsp;Yunhua Gan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) boast high power generation efficiency but still produce approximately 50 % of the energy as waste heat. Therefore, an effective thermal management system (TMS) is essential to ensure the safe and efficient operation of high-power PEMFC stacks. This work begins by elucidating the working principles of PEMFCs, the mechanisms of heat generation and transfer, and the coupled models of electrochemical and thermal characteristics. And then it summarizes the latest advancements in thermal management for PEMFCs. Among these, heat pipe cooling technology is gaining increasing attention due to its high thermal conductivity efficiency, temperature uniformity, and compatibility with fuel cells of various power ratings. This review introduces the basic structure and heat dissipation mechanisms of heat pipes, and provides a detailed classification of heat pipe cooling technology based on their structural characteristics and power requirements. It also critically evaluates the challenges of integrating heat pipes, including directional sensitivity, issues with integration into compact stacked structures, long-term reliability and low-temperature startup. In conclusion, this study identifies research gaps in the field and charts a course for future research on PEMFC thermal management strategies, particularly in heat pipe cooling technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110269"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing aerothermal performance of high-pressure turbines based on a novel tip design","authors":"Chenxi Li ,&nbsp;Pengcheng Guo ,&nbsp;Liming Song ,&nbsp;Peirong Shen ,&nbsp;Jiaping Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-pressure turbines are subjected to extreme thermal loads, with the rotor tip being the most vulnerable region to thermal failure. This study presents a novel blade tip design method based on the traditional squealer tip, incorporating two new pressure-side rim modeling: (i) the Shelf tip, part of the pressure rim is shifted towards the suction section to form a vertical platform, and (ii) the Incline tip, the shelf is inclined towards the suction surface to create an inclined platform. A detailed aerothermal performance analysis reveals distinct behaviors between the two designs. Compared to the baseline squealer tip, the Shelf tip increases tip leakage and results in a 0.106 % reduction in efficiency, along with a 0.85 % increase in the average heat transfer coefficient (HTC) in the tip region. In contrast, the Incline tip reduces leakage, leading to a 0.155 % gain in efficiency, while increasing the average HTC by 3.90 %. Although the Shelf tip causes a slight decline in aerothermal performance, both designs show potential benefits when coupled with an appropriate film cooling strategy, improving the overall thermal management of the blade tip. Subsequently, the effects of geometric parameters—cavity depth and platform width—on performance were investigated. Results show that increased cavity depth and platform width degrade the Shelf tip performance but enhance that of the Incline tip. Furthermore, integrating film cooling hole arrangements with the novel tip designs significantly improves cooling efficiency. Notably, the Shelf tip with optimized film hole layout achieves a maximum relative improvement of 71.10 % in average film cooling effectiveness. This study also proposes a parametric design method for inclined blade tips and establishes an integrated framework that combines geometric modeling, aerothermal performance analysis, and cooling evaluation. The findings demonstrate that optimal aerothermal performance can be achieved by combining inclined tip geometry with film cooling, especially under conditions of increased cavity depth and platform width—offering a promising direction for advanced high-pressure turbine blade tip design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110272"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An upgraded hybrid subdomain method toward three-dimensional thermal performance of synchronous reluctance motor","authors":"Jinpeng Liu ,&nbsp;Xiuhe Wang ,&nbsp;Wenliang Zhao ,&nbsp;Zezhi Xing ,&nbsp;Han Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the lack of reliable 3D thermal analysis models for synchronous reluctance motors (SynRM) with complex rotor structures. It proposes an upgraded hybrid subdomain method (UHSDM) to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of thermal performance prediction. The UHSDM utilizes a two-part subdomain model, consisting of radial-angular (<em>r-θ</em>) and radial-axial (<em>r-z</em>) sub-models. In the first step, the <em>r-θ</em> sub-model employs an improved finite difference method (IFDM) integrated with a variable density method (VDM), which simplifies the modeling of intricate rotor structures while ensuring high accuracy. The remaining regions of the motor are modeled using the subdomain method (SDM), achieving high computational speed and precision. In the second step, the <em>r-z</em> sub-model applies SDM to analyze axial thermal characteristics, enhancing both calculation accuracy and efficiency. This <em>r-z</em> sub-model also accounts for the anisotropic thermal properties of the motor core by incorporating additional subdomains on both sides of the axial stacking zone, and improves accuracy further by iteratively calculating the resistance thermal characteristics. The results from the <em>r-z</em> sub-model are then embedded into the <em>r-θ</em> sub-model, facilitating rapid and accurate 3D steady thermal field analysis. Finally, a transient temperature rise model based on Neton's Cooling Law is established, significantly improving computational efficiency. The proposed method is validated through finite element method (FEM) and experimental tests. Results demonstrate that the memory usage is reduced by 98.3 % for steady-state calculations and by 99.7 % for transient calculations. These findings highlight the potential of UHSDM to serve as a highly efficient and accurate thermal analysis tool in the early stages of SynRM development, providing critical technical support for motor design and manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110284"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}