International Journal of Thermal Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Numerical investigation of the heat transfer characteristics of a water droplet on a high-temperature steel pipe","authors":"Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenlei Li ,&nbsp;Jian Kang ,&nbsp;Dong Chen ,&nbsp;Lijun Wang ,&nbsp;Haijun Zhang ,&nbsp;Guo Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spray cooling depends on the collective action of myriad microdroplets impacting a hot surface. By studying the heat transfer mechanisms that occur when droplets come into contact with a surface, it is possible to determine the influence of various factors on the cooling efficiency of these droplets. In this paper, the heat transfer behavior of droplet impact on high-temperature steel pipes was studied by using numerical simulation methods. A hot-rolled seamless steel pipe is used to investigate the effects of droplet diameter (1–10 mm) and impact velocity (0.5–4 m/s) on the heat transfer under high temperature conditions. The results show that various process parameters exhibit the same influence pattern on heat transfer for both the inner and outer walls. The maximum heat transfer coefficient increases with the increase in the droplet impact velocity, but the cooling duration gradually decreases with the increase in the impact cooling velocity. At a fixed impact velocity, increasing the droplet diameter decreases the peak heat transfer coefficient. It is worth noting that under the same process parameters, the heat transfer coefficient of the outer wall surface is greater than that of the inner wall.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110277"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on thermal performance of ultra-thin flat heat pipe with double condensation sections for server memory modules","authors":"Xuan Li,&nbsp;Huimin Xiong,&nbsp;Chaowei Chen,&nbsp;Gongming Xin,&nbsp;Jiaqian Li,&nbsp;Yan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focuses on the thermal management of server memory modules. A series of UFHPs (ultra-thin flat heat pipes) using SF33 as the working fluid, with varying filling amounts, bending angles, and internal groove structures, were fabricated. The experiment investigated the heat transfer performance of UFHPs by analyzing the optimal filling amounts corresponding to different bending angles and the impact of internal groove structures on heat transfer. The experimental results indicate that a low filling amount stabilizes more quickly under the same heating power but requires higher heating power for full start-up. Bending the heat pipes enhances heat transfer performance, with an optimal filling amount existing for different power levels and bending angles. Among the three heat pipe configurations, the NCP type groove exhibits the best capillary-driven liquid flow characteristics, while the RCP type heat pipe demonstrates the best heat transfer performance. Compared to current memory module cooling methods, the RCP-60 type UFHP with dual condensation sections offers superior thermal performance. Under conditions of a 40 °C cooling water temperature and a 16 W heating power, it maintains the memory module temperature at approximately 48 °C. Furthermore, this UFHP exhibits a remarkably low thermal resistance of only 0.33 K/W and an exceptionally high effective thermal conductivity of 15,000 W/(m⋅K). This provides an effective design approach to ensure excellent thermal management for server memory modules and other low-power electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110278"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation on characteristics and correlation development for supercritical CO2 heat transfer in internally ribbed tubes","authors":"Xinyi Zhang,&nbsp;Weijie Jiang,&nbsp;Chenshuai Yan,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Yaying Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Internally ribbed tubes (IRT) have a potential to enhance supercritical heat transfer, being regarded as one of the excellent options for heat transfer channels in supercritical heat exchanger. In contrast to internally smoothed tube (IST), the characteristics of supercritical CO₂ (sCO₂) heat transfer in vertical heated IRT is numerically studied in this paper. Numerical results are processed according to the viewpoint of supercritical pseudo-phase transition, including a core liquid-like region in the tube and a vapor-like film near the heated wall. Then, the distribution characteristics of vapor-like and liquid-like phases, thermo-physical properties, and flow parameters are respectively discussed. The mechanism of sCO₂ heat transfer enhanced in IRT is revealed through the thermal resistance <em>R</em>_VLF for vapor-like layer near the heated surface, which reflects the synergistic effects of pseudo-film thickness, vapor-like property, and turbulence intensity on heat transfer. The results show that the level of thermal conductivity, specific heat, and turbulent intensity within and near the vapor-like film formed in IRT are higher than that in IST. As a result, <em>R</em>_VLF corresponding to IRT is also smaller, reducing the heat transport barrier between the heated surface and the core fluid. According to the mechanism of sCO₂ heat transfer enhanced in IRT, we newly develop a modified Dittus-Boelter heat transfer correlation to forecast the heat transfer behavior of sCO₂ (and supercritical water) upward flow in the vertical IRT. The mean relative error, mean absolute relative error, and root mean-square relative error between <em>Nu</em>_pre predicted by the modified correlation and <em>Nu</em>_exp calculated by experimental data are only 2.2 %, 16.0 %, and 23.1 %, respectively. Compared with five typical correlations in existing literature, the new correlation demonstrates the highest prediction accuracy. The present study can provide in-depth insight on supercritical heat transfer in IRT and theoretical guidance for heat exchanger design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110256"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of coolant-dependent thermal performance in backside-embedded micro-pin fin arrays for high-power microelectronics cooling","authors":"Huicheng Feng,&nbsp;Gongyue Tang,&nbsp;Xiaowu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid cooling with embedded micro-pin fins is gaining increasing attention for microelectronics due to its ability to enhance heat transfer with minimal flow resistance. Various coolants have been employed in micro-pin fin cooling systems. This study investigates the cooling performance of three typical coolants, namely, deionized water, Novec 7500 (a dielectric liquid), and GaInSn (a liquid metal), applied to a chip with backside-embedded micro-pin fins under a range of operating conditions. The numerical simulation models are validated against experimental data using deionized water. The simulation results show that the cooling performance remains largely insensitive to tip clearance in the range of 0–<span><math><mrow><mn>50</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>, offering an advantage for integration by accommodating variations in bonding layer thickness. The pitch of micro-pin fins significantly affects the heat transfer efficiency when using deionized water and Novec 7500, but has minimal influence on GaInSn due to its superior thermal conductivity. This suggests that liquid metal-based microcoolers, such as those using GaInSn, enable simpler designs with markedly reduced flow resistance compared to conventional coolants. Additionally, GaInSn exhibits a substantially higher coefficient of performance under identical operating conditions. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing microcooler design and coolant selection to improve thermal management in high-performance microelectronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110273"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on the influence of surface emissivity on radiative heat transfer distribution in turbine vane","authors":"Meng Xian-long ,&nbsp;Yin Ruo-pu ,&nbsp;Zhu Ya-song ,&nbsp;Liu Cun-liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the continuous increase in turbine inlet temperature, the significance of radiative heat transfer effects in the thermal protection of hot-end components has become increasingly prominent. Research has shown that both the magnitude of emissivity and its directional characteristics significantly impact radiative heat flux. However, the coupling mechanism between the complex surface geometry of turbine vanes and emissivity characteristics (including the magnitude of emissivity and directional emissivity) remains insufficiently explored. The objective of this study is to investigate the underlying mechanisms by which different emissivity magnitudes and directional emissivity characteristics affect the distribution of radiative heat flux on turbine vane surfaces. To support this analysis, the traditional Monte Carlo method is modified by incorporating directional emissivity models. This approach is expected to provide theoretical insights and numerical reference for the thermal protection design of turbine vanes under high-temperature conditions. The findings reveal that surface emissivity plays a critical role in governing radiative heat flux distribution on the vane surface by affecting both emission and absorption processes, exhibiting a near-linear increase trend. However, its influence on the overall heat flux distribution is minimal, with the leading-edge region demonstrating a stronger sensitivity to emissivity changes due to its unique geometric features and flow field distribution. On the other hand, directional emissivity has a significant impact on both the magnitude and the spatial distribution characteristics of the radiative heat flux.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110270"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer enhancement in a microchannel via passive vortex generators combining with cylinder and symmetrically clamped elastic flaps","authors":"Tianyu Zhou,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Xin,&nbsp;Lei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heat transfer process of a heated channel with multiple elastic flaps symmetrically clamped in the wake of a stationary cylinder were simulated by a fluid-structure-thermal coupling solver. We probe the effect of layout parameters of passive vortex generators on specific physical quantities in this study, notably the local Nusselt number and Colburn factor. Finally, through the analysis of multi-physical fields the mechanism of the optimal layout is revealed. The numerical results suggest that the wake of the cylinder causes the periodic variation of the pressure field around flaps and induces flaps to vibrate. The Angle between the flap and incoming flow changes periodically, causing the shedding vortices of flaps to be closer to the wall and enhanced. This would disturb the thermal boundary layer and bring the hot fluid near wall into the center of the channel. Thermal convection is thus enhanced significantly. We also found that increasing the number of flaps can improve the channel heat transfer performance, but it has a significant marginal effect and raise the pressure drop. For the proper spacing between flaps, a high Nusselt number, Colburn factor and highest thermal enhancement coefficient can be achieved in channel. Through the comparison of these physical quantities, the optimal layout is obtained. In the optimal layout, the combination modulation of the vortex-shedding frequency of cylinder and natural frequency of flap leads to the beat phenomenon of certain flaps. Thus, they vibrate more violently than the same flaps in other layouts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110262"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemodynamics and heat transfer in bifurcated blood vessels: Insights from a two-phase Eulerian-granular model on bifurcation angle and asymmetry effects","authors":"Siddhartha Sankar Das ,&nbsp;Shib Shankar Banerjee ,&nbsp;Chandi Sasmal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the influence of geometrical configurations on blood flow and heat transfer is essential for vascular physiology and biomedical applications, such as in the thermal ablation process to destroy tumour cells. This study presents an extensive numerical investigation of the impact of bifurcation angle (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) and asymmetry on hemodynamics and thermal transport in three-dimensional bifurcated arteries under realistic physiological pulsatile flow conditions. An Eulerian-granular two-phase model, incorporating the kinetic theory to account for red blood cell (RBC) particle mechanics, is employed in the present simulations. By incorporating particle mechanisms, the present model provides better predictive capabilities compared to single-phase Newtonian, non-Newtonian, and two-phase Euler–Euler models, showing better agreement with experimental data. The results indicate that increasing the bifurcation angle reduces blood velocity at the inlet of branch vessels, subsequently diminishing the heat sink effect due to a decrease in convective cooling. For symmetric configurations, RBC concentration near the inner walls of branch vessels decreases with increasing <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, whereas for asymmetric configurations, RBC accumulation near the inner wall increases relative to the outer wall. A persistent thermal gradient between the inner and outer walls leads to differential heat dissipation, affecting local tissue cooling during thermal therapies. These findings of the present study highlight the critical role of vascular geometry in regulating hemodynamic and thermal interactions, with potential implications for cardiovascular diagnostics, vascular graft design, and targeted therapeutic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110260"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed convection flow through a hot porous elliptic cylinder in a cavity with two-sided lid motion: A local radial basis functions-based meshless approach","authors":"Jiban Chowdhury,&nbsp;Y.V.S.S. Sanyasiraju","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a numerical investigation of unsteady, two-dimensional, laminar mixed convection flow of an incompressible, Newtonian fluid within a cavity with two-sided lid motion and a hot porous elliptical cylinder inserted inside. The opposing lid-driven motions induce flow within the cavity, while the high-temperature cylinder affects the flow dynamics. Flow through the porous cylinder is characterized using the Brinkman and Forchheimer corrected Darcy model, which incorporates the effects of the porous medium. The simulation employs the local radial basis function (RBF) based meshless technique to model the flow across the cavity. The developed model is validated against previously reported findings from both experimental data and conventional CFD approaches, with good agreement. Computed results are analyzed for various cavity inclination angles and ellipse orientations across a range of key parameters including the Richardson number <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>01</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>R</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, Darcy number <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup><mo>≤</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and Prandtl numbers (<span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>71</mn></mrow></math></span> for air and <span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>9</mn></mrow></math></span> for water). To examine the impact of the chosen parameters, the results are presented in the form of streamlines, isotherms, velocity profiles, and plots of local and average Nusselt numbers. The numerical results suggest that, at a fixed Grashof number (<span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>r</mi></mrow></math></span>), an increase in Richardson number (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow></math></span>) decreases the average Nusselt number (<span><math><mover><mrow><mtext>Nu</mtext></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span>), while an increase in Darcy number (<span><math><mrow><mi>D</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span>) increases <span><math><mover><mrow><mtext>Nu</mtext></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span>, with the cavity inclination angle having a minimal effect on the convection rate. Overall, the local RBF scheme demonstrates its robustness and suitability for simulations in complex geometries with curved internal boundaries in mixed convection problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 110254"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the effect of crystal orientation on phonon thermal transport at the Cu/diamond interface by molecular dynamics","authors":"Jibang Liao ,&nbsp;Mengya Zhang ,&nbsp;Donghan Yang ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang He ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Ling Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing thermal transport across metal/semiconductor interfaces is crucial for developing next-generation thermal management solutions. This investigation employs non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations to quantify the crystallographic orientation effects on interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) at Cu/diamond interfaces with distinct surface morphologies. The results show that the effect of crystal orientation on the ITC of Cu/diamond is non-negligible. There is a difference in the effect of crystal orientation on ITC for flat and rough interface structures. The ITC of the Cu/diamond interface with the crystal orientation of [2 0 1] for the flat interface structure is 50.87 MW/m²-K, which is a 2.48-fold growth rate compared to the [0 0 1] crystal orientation. The analysis of the phonon density of states (PDOS) and phonon participation ratio (PR) reveals that the observed increase in ITC is attributed to the enhancement of phonon vibrational coupling at the interface and the improvement of the phonon localization phenomenon in the low-frequency region. The enhancement of [2 0 1] crystal orientation in ITC of Cu/diamond is less effective when the interface structure is rough. This is due to the fact that it is less effective in enhancing the phonon vibrational coupling and doesn't improve the phonon localization in the low-frequency region. These results establish crystallographic orientation engineering as a viable strategy for composite thermal conductivity enhancement, offering performance comparable to advanced material modification techniques while preserving interfacial integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 110271"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of symmetric sinusoidal wavy microchannel with multiple pairs of dual-rib using neural network-assisted NSGA-II algorithm","authors":"Yuxiang Liang,&nbsp;Zhenfei Feng,&nbsp;Yongrui Bian,&nbsp;Yuetong Li,&nbsp;Xu Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microchannel heat sinks provide an effective solution to meet the increasingly demanding thermal management requirements of microelectronic components. This study proposes the integration of multiple dual-rib structures in symmetric wavy microchannels with hydraulic diameter of 0.2 mm. Under the inlet Reynolds number <em>Re</em> = 496, three design variables are selected: the transverse distance of dual-rib (<em>D</em> <span><math><mrow><mo>∈</mo></mrow></math></span> [0, 0.12] mm), the longitudinal distance of dual-rib (<em>S</em> <span><math><mrow><mo>∈</mo></mrow></math></span> [0, 0.12] mm), and the height of ribs (<em>H</em>_r <span><math><mrow><mo>∈</mo></mrow></math></span> [0, 0.2] mm). Eighty-one samples are generated using the Latin Hypercube Sampling method for computational fluid dynamics simulations. Grey relational analysis is conducted based on the simulation results, followed by the construction of backpropagation neural networks (BPNN) and genetic algorithm-optimized BPNN (GA-BP) prediction model. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) is employed for multi-objective optimization of the Nusselt number (<em>Nu</em>) and friction factor (<em>f</em>). The results show that all three structural parameters have strong correlations with <em>Nu</em> and <em>f</em>. Moreover, GA-BP outperforms BPNN in terms of generalization ability and prediction accuracy. The Pareto optimal solution set obtained through NSGA-II indicates that when the performance evaluation criterion <em>PEC</em> &gt; 1.6, the optimal parameter ranges are: <em>D</em> <span><math><mrow><mo>∈</mo></mrow></math></span> [0.0735, 0.0841] mm, <em>S</em> <span><math><mrow><mo>∈</mo></mrow></math></span> [0.0117, 0.0255] mm, <em>H</em>_r <span><math><mrow><mo>∈</mo></mrow></math></span> [0.0356, 0.0704] mm. Furthermore, the maximum <em>PEC</em> of the optimized channel structure reaches 1.7263.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 110250"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}