International Journal of Thermal Sciences最新文献

{"title":"A novel model for the removal and capture of inclusions in electroslag remelting process","authors":"Hong-Chun Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhuo-Wen Ni ,&nbsp;Hua-Bing Li ,&nbsp;Zhi-Yu He ,&nbsp;Wen-Bai Liu ,&nbsp;Zhou-Hua Jiang ,&nbsp;Hao Feng ,&nbsp;Shu-Cai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cleanliness of steel is a critical factor influencing its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Electroslag remelting (ESR) technology has demonstrated excellent performance in removing inclusions from electroslag ingots. Typically, four primary pathways exist to remove and capture inherited inclusions from the electrode in the ESR process. Current numerical simulation research typically focuses on modeling two or three of these pathways. This study, presents a highly accurate model that integrates the electromagnetic field with the flow field and heat transfer throughout the entire process of inclusion movement, removal and capture processes in ESR. To validate the model's accuracy, a 2 t industrial-scale ESR furnace was utilized to prepare hot work tool steel H13. The model's ability to predict the distribution of inherited inclusions from the electrode was confirmed by comparing the metal droplet size in the residual electrode and the distribution of inclusions in the electroslag ingot as measured in industrial production. The results reveal that the proportion of inclusions exuded from the liquid metal film decreased as the size of inclusions increased from 5 to 20 μm. The proportion of inclusions that escape from the droplets and float up from the metal pool exhibited a significant increase. Notably, the escape of inclusions from metal droplets accounts for a substantial proportion (exceeding ten percent), and this stage is a crucial factor that must be considered in industrial-scale models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of heat transfer characteristics of bent high-temperature heat pipe","authors":"Zhipeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Meng Xue ,&nbsp;Yugao Ma ,&nbsp;Kailun Guo ,&nbsp;Shuhua Ding ,&nbsp;Chenglong Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Chai ,&nbsp;Wenxi Tian ,&nbsp;Suizheng Qiu ,&nbsp;Guanghui Su","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heat pipe, as a highly efficient heat transfer element, is well adapted to industrial applications with high heat flux. For compact system designs and compatibility with energy converters, bent high-temperature heat pipes are essential. However, the current research on the bending effect of heat pipes mainly focuses on the medium and low-temperature range, and there is a lack of systematic experiments on the heat transfer characteristics of bent high-temperature heat pipes. In this study, high-temperature sodium heat pipes were used as experimental objects, and the bend radius, wick structure type, bend position and bend number were set as variables to examine the changes in heat transfer characteristics of high-temperature heat pipes before and after bending by utilizing the axial temperature distribution, thermal resistance and heat transfer limit. High-temperature heat pipes exhibit performance degradation after bending, with increased thermal resistance and reduced heat transfer limits, significantly influenced by bend radius and wick structure. A bend radius of 250 mm raises temperatures by 40 °C and reduces the heat transfer limit by 10.48 %. Screen wick types show better resistance to bending with less than 10 % performance loss, while artery types deteriorate by 35.21 %. Bend position also affects performance; a lower bend position has better results. The performance of the heat pipe is not significantly degraded by the double bends and the bends near the evaporation section are the main cause of the degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110074"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of machine learning coupled one-dimensional simulation method for propane condensing flow and heat transfer in mini-channel","authors":"Qian Li ,&nbsp;Rongmin Zhang ,&nbsp;Siwei Cai ,&nbsp;Bin Zhao ,&nbsp;Liu Yang ,&nbsp;Weihua Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>LNG vaporizer with propane as the intermediate medium has unique advantages, of which the PCHE is the core heat transfer equipment. In this study, a one-dimensional simulation method was established, to achieve rapid and accurate calculation of propane condensing flow in mini-channel of PCHE. Firstly, the CFD study of propane condensing was conducted. The evolution of local <em>h</em> and <span><math><mrow><mo>Δ</mo></mrow></math></span> <em>p</em> in the channel was analyzed by micro segment method, and a database was established with multiple parameters. Then, the highest precision artificial neural network hyperparameter model was determined through comparative analysis of six machine learning algorithms. The optimal machine learning model achieved the highest R² values of 0.9887, 0.9947, and 0.9617, with the lowest root mean square error and mean absolute error. Finally, a one-dimensional simulation method is established based on the optimal machine learning model and an innovatively established vapor-liquid phase velocity ratio model. Comparing with computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation, the one-dimensional simulation only has an error of 2 %, while can improve the computational efficiency by tens of thousands of times. The new method of this research can provide a basis for the fast calculation of PCHE in LNG evaporator, and provide a new direction for the study of condensing flow in mini-channel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110079"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental flow and heat transfer analysis of electronics cooling with impinging jet and channel crossflow: The effects of nozzle geometry","authors":"Mehmet Saglam ,&nbsp;Bugra Sarper ,&nbsp;Orhan Aydin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study experimentally investigates the effects of crossflow interaction with jet flow emerging from jet nozzles with various geometrical forms on the heat transfer characteristics of a prismatic electronic module. Various jet nozzle exit forms, including circular, square, elliptical, and rectangular, with aspect ratios (<span><math><mrow><mtext>AR</mtext></mrow></math></span>) varying between 0.33 and 3 are tested. The dimensionless jet-to-target plate distance (<span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></math></span>) is maintained at 3, while the jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>r</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) varies from 2.5 to 10 in the analysis of crossflow and jet interaction. Surface temperature contours are obtained using infrared thermography, and the resulting heat transfer coefficients are expressed in terms of local and average surface Nusselt number distributions. The dimensionless pressure loss coefficient derived from pressure readings is also reported. The findings indicate that crossflow significantly influences the temperature distribution on the module surface, particularly at low <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>r</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> values. 47.8 % increase in the mean Nusselt number is obtained at <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></math></span> for elliptical nozzle with 0.33 aspect ratio (EAR0.33) and rectangular nozzle with 0.33 aspect ratio (RAR0.33) compared to the circular nozzle. The rectangular nozzle forms enhance the heat transfer performance while minimizing the increase in the pressure loss coefficient, especially at higher <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>r</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> values. The square nozzle results in a 20.3 % increase in the loss coefficient while the mean Nusselt number exhibits an enhancement of 20.1 % in returns compared to the circular one at <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></math></span>. These values are obtained as 13.4 % and 22.5 % respectively, for RAR0.33. The findings show nozzle forms with low aspect ratios can mitigate crossflow deflection and be used effectively in crossflow environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110075"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turbulent topology optimized thermal structure design for curved surfaces with high heat loads in MagnetoPlasmaDynamic Thrusters","authors":"Maolin Ke ,&nbsp;Jinxing Zheng ,&nbsp;Haiyang Liu ,&nbsp;Yifan Du ,&nbsp;Bin Zhao ,&nbsp;Pinghui Zhao ,&nbsp;Meiqi Wu ,&nbsp;Yudong Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the past decade, with the rise of space propulsion, MagnetoPlasmaDynamic Thrusters(MPDT) have been favored due to their stronger performance. However, a considerable part of the electrical energy is dissipated in the form of heat at the anode, resulting in excessive temperature, which reduces the performance of the propeller. In order to alleviate this situation, liquid cooling system is necessary.</div><div>This study designed a new cooling channel using the k-ε turbulence topology optimization method for the high heat load curved surface of the MPD thruster,and demonstrated the improvement of thermal hydraulic performance through numerical simulation and experiments. We have studied the influence of weight factors and different objective functions on the results of topology optimization design, and believe that the multi-objective optimization combination of dissipation and temperature averaging is more appropriate. When the inlet velocity is 0.7 m/s, topology optimization design reduces the pressure drop of the flow channel by 11.3 %–16.2 %, reduces the thermal resistance by 0.0037–0.0054 W/K, and increases the Nusselt number by 35.5 %–84.1 % compared to traditional design. This study provides guidance for channel design under high heat load surfaces at higher Reynolds numbers using turbulent topology optimization methods.</div><div>Considering the machining difficulty and the thermo-hydraulic properties, the To_A,6 model were fabricated and machined and tested experimentally, and the experimental results were in agreement with the numerical simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110037"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Plasmonic heating and optical response of Au nanorods and spheroids in the NIR window for photothermal applications” [Int. J. Therm. Sci. 215 (2025) 110021]","authors":"Kailash ,&nbsp;Abdelilah Akouibaa ,&nbsp;Rachid Masrour ,&nbsp;Ahmed Akouibaa ,&nbsp;Akanksha Bhardwaj ,&nbsp;Parwaz Asif ,&nbsp;S.S. Verma ,&nbsp;Sylvain Vedraine ,&nbsp;Heryanto Heryanto","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110057"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation of the frictional performance of the single-phase flow through a dimple plate heat exchanger","authors":"Guoliang Xu ,&nbsp;Yubin Du ,&nbsp;Hao Han ,&nbsp;Chengcheng Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaolu Li ,&nbsp;Wenjian Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, experimental testing and numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of different structural parameters on the flow resistance of dimpled plate heat exchangers. The experimental tests covered three plate configurations, each comprising 30 plates, 14 primary channels, and 15 secondary channels under the conditions of inlet hot- and cold-water temperatures of 70 and 50 °C. The water mass flux varied from 8 to 500 kg m⁻² s⁻¹, corresponding to Reynolds numbers of 100–3000. The results showed that the D3-type plate heat exchangers exhibited the lowest flow resistance, whereas the D1-type exhibited the highest resistance. Numerical simulations were performed using a three-channel counterflow arrangement (hot-cold-hot) to validate the accuracy of the numerical model. Simulations were performed for dimpled plates with five dimple depths (0.7–1.5 mm) and five dimple pitches (2.8–6 mm). The results indicated that the pressure drop decreased with increasing dimple depth and pitch, while the friction factor increased with γ (the ratio of the pressing depth to pitch). The flow within the plates transitioned from laminar to turbulent at a Reynolds number of approximately 300. A new friction factor correlation suitable for cases involving single structural parameter variations with an absolute mean deviation of approximately 4.9 % was proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110081"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation study on flame characteristics and heat transfer mechanisms of a rectangular fire source attached to a pyrolysis wall","authors":"Haotian Feng ,&nbsp;Xuanyi Zhou ,&nbsp;Beihua Cong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the flame characteristics and heat transfer mechanisms of a rectangular fire source attached to a pyrolysis wall of PMMA, a numerical study was conducted on fire sources with varying burner aspect ratios and heat release rates. The results indicate that numerical simulation effectively captures the evolution of flame morphology and the changes in the solid pyrolysis region. The study found that under pyrolysis conditions, the flame temperature near the PMMA wall gradually increases during the initial stage, while in the later stages of combustion, the near-wall flame temperature begins to decrease. Meanwhile, changes in the burner configuration affect the pyrolysis process, leading to variations in the onset range of the temperature decrease near the wall at different heights. Additionally, changes in the aspect ratio and heat release rate influence flame characteristics, causing distinct impacts on heat transfer to the pyrolysis wall. Increasing the aspect ratio reduces the incident radiative heat flux received by the wall, altering the contribution of the highest temperature range to the mass loss rate. In contrast, increasing the heat release rate has a smaller effect on the heat flux distribution across the PMMA panel during the steady stage. Instead, it accelerates the PMMA pyrolysis process, thereby increasing the total volume percentage of temperature ranges above the pyrolysis temperature, which in turn increases the mass loss rate. However, it has minimal effect on the contribution of the highest temperature range to the mass loss rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110083"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The study on calculation method of burning rates of discrete multiple fires","authors":"Qiong Liu ,&nbsp;Kehong Li ,&nbsp;Chao Yuan ,&nbsp;Shengze Lin ,&nbsp;Zhengyang Wang ,&nbsp;Zhi Li ,&nbsp;Weilin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A calculation model for dimensionless burning rates in discrete multiple fires is developed based on the quantitative relation between two dominant coupled mechanisms: the radiant heat feedback enhancement and air entrainment restriction. The radiant heat feedback enhancement among discrete fire sources is transferred as external thermal radiation to independent fire source, while the air entrainment restriction is transferred as the decrease in atmospheric pressure for an independent fire source. To reveal their relative dominance, key parameters, dimensionless burning rates <span><math><mrow><msup><msub><mover><mi>m</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mi>i</mi></msub><mrow><mo>″</mo><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, air entrainment restriction coefficient <em>k</em>_<em>p,i</em> and separation distance <span><math><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>d</mi></mrow><mi>d</mi></mfrac></mrow></math></span>, are introduced. Fitted with the burn-out time data of discrete multiple fire arrays, a formula including these parameters is derived. Based on this formula and the theoretically derived burning rates evolution, the model is proposed, which well-predicts the experimental burning rates. The model effectively predicts burning rate trends under extreme and non-uniform conditions, verifying its feasibility in both actual and theoretical fires. The consistency between uniform and non-uniform arrays suggests that the model can be extended to more complex conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110053"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pool boiling performance enhancement using orthogonally intersecting U-grooved micro-channelled structured surfaces","authors":"Raghavendra Singh,&nbsp;R.D. Misra","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bubble dynamics of microchannels have a direct impact on pool boiling heat transfer. The present investigation of heat transfer performance during pool boiling on three micro-channelled surfaces developed through the wire electric discharge machining process. All these developed surfaces have orthogonally intersecting U-grooved microchannels with depths of 100 μm (A1), 200 μm (A2), and 300 μm (A3). Heat transfer rates were compared to those of a bare reference surface in order to evaluate the enhancement achieved with these developed. All the experiments were performed with deionised water at saturation temperature under atmospheric pressure to get steady-state heat transfer characteristics. A hypothesis model was used to explain the observed bubble dynamics. The results showed remarkable improvements in heat transfer for all microchannel configurations as compared to the bare surface. Among them, the A2 configuration exhibited the highest performance, achieving a 171 % increase in the maximum heat transfer coefficient and a 76 % rise in the critical heat flux compared to the bare surface. The A1 and A3 surfaces demonstrated enhancements of 28 % and 76 % in HTC and 23 % and 37 % in CHF, respectively, relative to the bare surface. Furthermore, the performance of the A2 surface was found to be better compared to the data from the published literature. The superior heat transfer rates of the A2 surface can be attributed to a larger heat exchange area, increased bubble nucleation sites, enhanced macro-convection from bubble movement, and an efficient rewetting mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110076"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}