International Journal of Thermal Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Numerical and experimental investigation of many-objective optimization for efficient temperature and velocity fields reconstruction via acoustic tomography","authors":"Juqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Hong Qi ,&nbsp;Jianze Wu ,&nbsp;Mingjian He ,&nbsp;Yatao Ren ,&nbsp;Mingxu Su ,&nbsp;Xiaoshu Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Accurate and high-quality measurement of temperature and velocity fields is important in combustion and flow diagnosis, especially for the control of boiler operations and optimization of </span>combustion processes. Nonlinear acoustic tomography (NAT) is an appealing approach to simultaneously monitor temperature and velocity fields by observing the changes in sound speed they induce. However, the inherent ill-posedness of the tomographic inverse problem and the lack of </span><em>a priori</em> information may lead to poor robustness, low precision, and the presence of artifacts. On the other hand, the inclusion of <em>a priori</em><span><span> information, such as smoothness and box constraints, may require the use of hyperparameters that hinder quasi real-time reconstruction and may degrade performance in actual applications. In this study, we aim to ensure quasi real-time reconstruction and alleviate the ill-posedness of the NAT problem by eliminating the regularization parameters<span> and transforming the inverse problem into a many-objective optimization problem with four objectives. The knee point-driven evolutionary algorithm with improved environmental selection strategy (KEA-IES) is proposed to simultaneously reconstruct the arbitrary inhomogeneous temperature and aerodynamic fields in a furnace. Apart from the investigation of the performance of KEA-IES and the influence of various factors, including measurement noise, function evaluation number, population size, and functional norms, on the quality of the reconstruction, an experimental AT system with independent 16 T/R channels is developed to evaluate the proposed method. The results show that combustion flame temperature and velocity fields can be monitored simultaneously by using the proposed KEA-IES with more accuracy, less consumed time, and better noise immunity compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms. The proposed method can provide valuable guidance in the development of a non-intrusive real-time pyrometry and velocimetry system, particularly for applications with large velocity fields and </span></span>temperature gradients<span>. Furthermore, its capability in complex combustion and flow diagnosis will offer benefits in terms of energy conservation, emission reduction, boiler operations supervision, and combustion process optimization.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 108536"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54858049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method for calculating the moisture load in the tailrace surge tank of underground hydropower station based on field tests","authors":"Shengjie Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangkui Gao ,&nbsp;Zhili Ren ,&nbsp;Yimin Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>As an important part of a hydropower station, the tailrace surge tank<span> is usually buried deep underground. The indoor air is in contact with a large area of water, resulting in excessive air humidity, especially in the summertime when the hot and humid environment is harsh. Therefore, the moisture exchange process in the tailrace surge tank is first analyzed in this research. Based on this analysis, a method for calculating the moisture load is proposed. After that, the hot and humid environment in the tailrace surge tank at the Xiluodu hydropower station is tested for a year. The test results show that the relative humidity of the air at the tailrace surge tank's entrance is negatively correlated with the amount of moisture dissipation. Meanwhile, the rate of moisture dissipation exhibits a law of low in the summer and high in the winter, with summer lows of −103.2 kg/h and winter highs of 1404.7 kg/h. In addition, the fitting formula for moisture load in the tailrace surge tank is obtained in this paper by combining test data with mass transfer theory, and the relative error between the calculation results and the test results is less than 9.32%. The study's findings can be utilized as a reference when creating a ventilation and mechanical </span></span>dehumidification plan for the tailrace surge tank's hot and humid environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 108538"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54858096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-hydraulic efficiency enhancing: Optimized ladder fold baffle structure with cam and circle tube bundle","authors":"Alireza Shabani Samghabadia ,&nbsp;Ali Akbar Abbasian Arani ,&nbsp;Hamed Yosofvand","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In this article, the design and thermo-hydraulic efficiency of a shell and tube heat exchanger (STHE) having ladder fold baffle equipped by two configurations with pore and without pore considering two types of tube bundles, cam and circular, are investigated numerically. Three-dimensional STHE is simulated employing the Solid Works Flow Simulation software. A numerical approach is performed for different values of </span>mass flow rate from 0.5 to 2 kg/s, baffle height of 0, 20, and 40, and baffle pitch of 85.7, 60, and 46.15. STHE pressure drop, heat transfer, and efficiency evaluation coefficient (EEC) for different arrangements have been performed to study the STHE fluid flow and heat transfer. Obtained results for a ladder fold baffle and two studied types of tube bundles, cam, and circle, are provided, and thermo-hydraulic performance is compared with the current baffle structure. Based on the obtained results, an increase of 12.2% and 17.4% in pressure drop with increasing baffle height from 0 to 20 mm and from 20 to 40 mm was observed for circular tube bundles without pores, respectively. Related values for the case with pore are 14% and 14%. These values for the cam tube bundle are 12% and 15% without pores and 3% and 9% with pores. In addition, at an angle of 0, 20, and 40° in the case without pore, the EEC factor increased by 2.31%, 15.67%, and 15.47% compared to the case with pore for the cam tube bundle. The perforated ladder fold baffle showed the best performance with pitch and height of 85.7 mm and 40 mm, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 108680"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41086174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptor based design strategies for enhancing microwave hybrid heating capability via experimental analysis, 3D multi-physics simulation and parametric optimization","authors":"A. Mohanty,&nbsp;D.K. Patel,&nbsp;S.K. Panigrahi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microwave processing has gained remarkable recognition based upon volumetric processing that is energy efficient. Susceptor-assisted microwave heating is a fast-emerging technology because of its advantages over traditional microwave processing. Susceptor help to speed up microwave processing by offering two-way heating with less heat loss from the material's surface. The present investigation brings out ways (theoretical, simulation and experimental) to select appropriate susceptor material by considering different types of microwaves absorbing material (alumina, yttria stabilized zirconia, boron nitride and silicon carbide) for efficient microwave heating. Theoretical analysis (dielectric properties, penetration depth, absorption loss and reflection loss) suggests silicon carbide (SiC) to be the most suitable susceptor. COMSOL Multiphysics based simulation in conjunction with experimental results were utilized for critical understanding of SiC susceptor heating. The influence of physical parameters: microwave input power, microwave frequency, placement of susceptor inside cavity and dimension of susceptor on electric field distribution and temperature profile of SiC susceptor are also investigated and presented in detail. Among all susceptor materials, SiC exhibited highest heating rate in similar operating parameters. The temperature obtained for SiC susceptor during microwave heating without casket (80 °C) was significantly lower than that with casket insulation (1003 °C). A susceptor of 10 mm thickness with cross-section of 625 mm² was found to be the optimum dimension for SiC susceptor. The maximum temperature obtained by the SiC susceptor was 658 °C, 1003 °C, 1182 °C and 1380 °C for input power of 800 W, 1200 W, 1600 W and 2000 W respectively. Simulation data were validated with experimental results. The results exhibit a good agreement between simulation results and experimental data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 108674"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41086103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wall friction and heat transfer in turbulent pulsating flow in a square duct","authors":"Nikolay Nikitin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>For the first time, a DNS<span> study of pulsating turbulent flows and heat transfer in a square duct is performed. Calculations were carried out at </span></span><span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2200</mn></mrow></math></span><span> in the current-dominance mode for eight values of the oscillation period and three values of the Prandtl number<span>. It was found that the time-mean friction coefficient in the studied pulsating flows has a lower value than in the stationary flow. The difference reaches </span></span><span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>14</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span><span>. The values of the Nusselt numbers<span> are also decreasing, albeit by a smaller amount. The features of secondary flows of Prandtl’s 2nd kind at different phases of the flow oscillations are studied. The profiles of the wall friction stress and heat transfer coefficients and their evolution over time are determined. The time-oscillations of the wall friction are entirely determined by the oscillations of the main flow, being ahead of it in phase by </span></span><span><math><mrow><mi>π</mi><mo>/</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></math></span><span>, which coincides with the behavior of laminar pulsating flows at high frequencies. The oscillations in heat transfer on the wall are determined by oscillations in the intensity of turbulent heat exchange, and the change in the latter occurs almost in phase with a change in the volume-average intensity of the transverse velocity fluctuations.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 108679"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41086189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inverse heat transfer prediction of the thermal parameters of tumors during cryosurgery","authors":"Mohamed Hafid ,&nbsp;Marcel Lacroix ,&nbsp;Nacer Hebbir","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>An inverse heat transfer approach for predicting the moving freezing front and the temperature distribution<span><span><span> inside tumors during cryosurgery is presented. By recording the time-varying temperature at the surface of the diseased tissues, the </span>inverse method is able to estimate simultaneously the blood </span>perfusion rate<span> and the metabolic heat generation of the tumor. Once these thermal properties are determined, the temperature field and the moving freezing front are predicted with a direct method. The direct problem is solved with the one-dimension </span></span></span><em>Pennes</em><span> bioheat equation and the enthalpy method. The inverse model rests on the </span><em>Levenberg-Marquardt</em> Method (LMM) combined to the <em>Broyden</em> Method (BM). The following effects on the predictions of the inverse method are investigated: (i) the initialization of the unknown thermal properties; (ii) the thermal properties of the diseased tissues; (iii) the duration of cryosurgery; (iv) the temperature of the cryoprobe; (v) the noise level on the recorded temperatures; and (vi) the total number of recorded data. It is shown that the proposed inverse method remains accurate and stable for all cases investigated. Recommendations are made for the initialization of the parameters of the inverse method and for the total number of measurements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 108453"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43620855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pressure side film cooling hole placement and condition on surface heat transfer coefficients along a transonic turbine blade tip","authors":"Hallie Collopy ,&nbsp;Phillip M. Ligrani ,&nbsp;Hongzhou Xu ,&nbsp;Michael Fox","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Considered is thermal performance for the squealer blade tip of four film cooling configurations, B1, B2, B3 and B4, with hole exits for each arrangement positioned along a different portion of the upper pressure side of a transonic turbine blade. Each upper pressure side configuration includes five film cooling holes, such that each hole has a compound angle of 45</span><span><math><mrow><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span><span> with respect to the circumferential/axial plane, also with an angle orientation of 40</span><span><math><mrow><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span><span><span><span> relative to the plane tangent to the exit cross sectional area of each hole. Results are given for blowing ratios ranging from 0.42 to 3.20 in the form of spatially-resolved and spatially-averaged surface distributions of </span>heat transfer coefficients and heat transfer coefficient ratios. In regard to tip surface variations, surface heat transfer coefficient ratios distributions are a consequence of the manner in which the film coolant collects in a substantial manner along the pressure side rim and then advects above and across the squealer recess with little to no coolant collecting within the cavity, or along the recess surface, to then collect in a substantial manner further downstream along the </span>suction side<span> rim. Such flow characteristics affect heat transfer coefficient ratio variations for all four film cooling configurations, but are especially influential for the B3 arrangement. Considering local heat transfer coefficient ratio distributions along the upper pressure side surface, the most significant local variations in the vicinity of a film cooling hole exit locations. Here, heat transfer coefficient ratio distributions for the B1 and the B4 configurations, in particular, show evidence of a horseshoe-shaped vortex which forms around each emerging coolant concentration. The two downstream legs of each vortex are associated with a pair of locally augmented heat transfer coefficient streaks, often with a streak of locally-lower coefficient ratios positioned between. Local and line-averaged heat transfer coefficient ratios along the upper pressure side also vary significantly with blowing ratio, with additional periodic variations as the normalized circumferential/axial coordinate varies. Within the resulting distributions, local heat transfer coefficient ratio increases are associated with locally augmented mixing and turbulent transport, which are especially present near the exits of different film cooling hole locations.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 108399"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54852510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer enhancement of a copper tube with constant wall temperature using a novel horizontal perforated teardrop-shaped turbulators (PTST)","authors":"Hongliang Wang ,&nbsp;Azher M. Abed ,&nbsp;A. Al-Zubaidi ,&nbsp;Ahmed Deifalla ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Galal ,&nbsp;Yanan Zhou ,&nbsp;S.P. Ghoushchi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Considering that turbulators generally have a high pressure drop level and as a result low thermal performance, in this research a numerical study conducted for a new form of aerodynamically designed turbulators that are concentrically perforated to have less pressure drop. In this study, the effects of a novel perforated teardrop-shaped turbulator (PTST) on the hydro-thermal parameters were numerically examined. Results were compared with a plain tube and a tube equipped with a simple teardrop-shaped turbulator (STST). PTST with the horizontal perforation geometry including a square, hexagon, octagon, and circle holes was installed inside a copper tube with constant wall temperature<span>. The effect of the horizontal perforation cross-section area on the heat transfer and pressure drop was also evaluated. Tests were conducted under turbulence flow rates in the range of 0.044–0.099 kg/s. To select the optimal case, the thermal enhancement factor (TEF) was calculated. The results clarified that the hole area and hole geometry have a significant effect on TEF and hydro-thermal parameters. The highest heat transfers and pressure drop took place in the presence of the STST, while the highest TEF was equivalent to 1.39 and occurred in the presence of a PTST with a 5 mm diameter circular hole. The heat transfers in the presents of STST and PTST increased by 310.1% and 298% compared to the plain tube. Finally, a correlation expressing the relationship of TEF and perforation area was also presented based on curve fitting.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 108418"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54853082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid boiling of ultra-thin liquid argon film on patterned wettability surface with nanostructure: A molecular dynamics investigation","authors":"Zhenyu Liu,&nbsp;Zeyu Liu,&nbsp;Runkeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Surface wettability<span> and structure have been proved as two important influential factors to the thermal transport at the solid-liquid interface at nano scale, however, the combined enhancement mechanism has not been clearly understood till now. In this study, the rapid boiling behaviors of nano thin </span></span>liquid argon<span><span> film on the heterogeneous wetting surfaces were examined with the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) method. Meanwhile, the ring-patterned and stripe-patterned surfaces were designed and analyzed, respectively. By analyzing the trajectory of argon atoms, the bubble nucleation<span> behavior, heat flux and interfacial thermal resistance, it is found that the lower hydrophobic area fraction is favorable for the bubble formation and the ring-patterned surface shows an advantage in the </span></span>nucleate boiling compared with the stripe-patterned one. Meanwhile, the </span></span>nanostructure<span><span> has a great influence on the boiling phenomena, which accelerates the development of bubble nuclei and improves the maximum heat flux compared with the planar one. In present simulations, the ring-patterned surface with nanostructure of 40% hydrophobic area fraction is the optimal design for the efficiency enhancement of explosive boiling process. The findings in this work contribute to the design of the coating </span>nanostructured surface<span> to enhance the boiling heat transfer performance under the high heat fluxes.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 108424"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54853295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of heat transfer for progressive freeze desalination utilizing the vertical freezing apparatus","authors":"Abdul Najim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents an analytical study of heat transfer for progressive freeze desalination<span> of brackish water, seawater, and brine utilizing the vertical freezing apparatus. An analytical model was formulated by applying a heat balance at the ice-liquid interface. The model accounted for a reduced ice-liquid interface temperature during the process. Moreover, the convective heat transfer coefficient<span> for the forced flow (saltwater and coolant) situation was considered in the model. The solution of the model predicts the rate of ice formation, ice thickness, and overall heat transfer coefficient. The influence of saltwater stirring rate, coolant temperature, initial concentration, and immerse speed of the crystallizer into the coolant on the rate of ice formation, ice thickness, and overall heat transfer coefficient was investigated. The analytical data of the rate of ice formation was compared with the experimental findings from the literature. The analytical data and the experimental findings matched reasonably. A marginal error between analytical and experimental data was observed in the range of 5%–8%. The model assists in understanding the heat transfer during the process.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 108427"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54853304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}